CN101913815A - Concrete with strength grade of C140 used for profile steel-concrete composite structure - Google Patents
Concrete with strength grade of C140 used for profile steel-concrete composite structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN101913815A CN101913815A CN2010102565709A CN201010256570A CN101913815A CN 101913815 A CN101913815 A CN 101913815A CN 2010102565709 A CN2010102565709 A CN 2010102565709A CN 201010256570 A CN201010256570 A CN 201010256570A CN 101913815 A CN101913815 A CN 101913815A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention discloses concrete with strength grade of C140 used for a profile steel-concrete composite structure. The concrete is characterized by being prepared from cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, a water reducing agent, an antifoaming agent, siliceous dust, coal ash(kg/m<3>) in a mixing proportion of 485:660:1,173:117:13:0.7:65:100. A preparation method of the concrete comprises the following steps of: adding the fine aggregate and the water in an amount of which is a half based on the total weight of the used water into a forced mixer according to the weight proportion in turn; uniformly stirring for 1 to 2 minutes; adding the coarse aggregate into the mixer; uniformly stirring for 2 to 4 minutes; adding the cement, the siliceous dust and the coal ash into the mixer; uniformly stirring for 2 to 3 minutes; adding the water reducing agent, the antifoaming agent and the rest water into the mixer; uniformly stirring for 2 to 5 minutes; and discharging to obtain a concrete mixture. The concrete can obviously improve the adhesive property between profile steel and the concrete in a natural state, effectively exert respective capacity and cooperative work performance of both materials, greatly improve the carrying capacity and performance of members, and improve the durability, high volume stability and economy of the members.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to building material technical field, relate to a kind of strong high performance concrete of superelevation that the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade is C140 that is used for.
Background technology
After portland cement in 1824 invention, make concrete technology obtain development rapidly, its consumption is big, the scope of application extensively may occupy the first in the world.Although this artificial material of concrete is a kind of traditional material of construction, but because this material has the superiority do not replaced and the continuous progress of concrete material science and technology, concrete has become civil engineering work with the main body of material, also will be one of indispensable main material in the civil engineering work in future and nation-building.Continuous expansion along with city size, being on the increase of population, the continuous rising of land price, the continuous progress and the rapid development of economy of Building technology, buildings is more and more to aerial extension, promptly building (surpass) heightization, (surpassing) striding greatly, reach the development of heavy type structure, especially steel reinforced concrete structure is in (surpassing) heightization, (surpassing) widespread use of striding building etc. greatly, and is also more and more higher to the requirement of this material of construction of concrete.Therefore, concrete high reinforcement, superelevation are strengthened, and guarantee the research of its durableization, super durableization and the development trend that practice will become this field simultaneously.
The strong high performance concrete unitized construction of shaped steel superelevation is the application of novel High Technique Concrete in reinforced concrete composite structure (being called for short the SRC structure).Wherein, the SRC structure is a kind of principal mode of steel-concrete combined structure, because its supporting capacity height, rigidity is big, ductility good, anti-seismic performance is superior, fire retardant anticorrosion, be convenient to series of advantages such as construction, be applied to more and more widely stride greatly, the high level and the high-rise building of heavy type structure and earthquake/typhoon zone.Compare with steel construction, the SRC structure can be saved great deal of steel, strengthens section rigidity, overcomes shortcomings such as steel construction resistivity against fire and poor durability and easy flexing unstability, and the ability of steel is fully played; Compare with ordinary reinforced concrete structure (abbreviation reinforced concrete structure), steel reinforced concrete structure can reduce the sectional dimension of member, reduces shared space, thereby increases the building usage space; In construction, the Steel Skeleton of steel reinforced concrete structure itself can be used as the skeleton that concrete is hung mould, sliding formwork, has not only simplified the formwork engineering greatly, still bears whole construction loads supporting system of (comprising extension, sliding formwork and institute's pouring concrete); In addition since the SRC structure to have globality strong, advantages such as good working ductility can be improved the fragility character of Steel Concrete sheared destruction greatly, and the anti-seismic performance of structure is significantly improved, supporting capacity and ductility all are greatly improved than reinforced concrete structure.Therefore, in Japan and developed country such as America and Europe, the SRC structure with good resistance shock stability has become a kind of generally acknowledged novel earthquake-proof structural system, and with steel construction, timber structure, skeleton construction and be called four macrostructures.China also is earthquake country more than, and most areas be the seismic region, and part is positioned at the highly seismic region, so in China, and is particularly underdeveloped and be subjected to the bigger west area popularization SRC structure of earthquake effect just to have very important realistic meaning.Therefore, the SRC structure has boundless application prospect in China, especially along with the successful development of the continuous enhancing of China's economic strength and high-strength steel and the strong high performance concrete of high-strength/superelevation (they be putative 21 century material) with use, will promote applying and progress of this structural system.
In the steel reinforced concrete structure, good cohesive action is the basis that guarantees shaped steel and concrete co-ordination in the steel reinforced concrete member between shaped steel and the concrete, shaped steel, reinforcing bar and three kinds of material elements collaborative works of concrete, to resist various external action effects, can give full play to the advantage of reinforced concrete composite structure.But one of remarkable difference of steel reinforced concrete structure and skeleton construction is the cohesive force between shaped steel and the concrete and is far smaller than the cohesive force between reinforcing bar and the concrete that the cohesive force of shaped steel and normal concrete approximately only is equivalent to 45% of plain bar cohesive force.Domestic and international many experimental study results show, exist the bonding sliding phenomenon between shaped steel and the concrete, and the stress performance and even the supporting capacity of SRC member had remarkably influenced.Therefore, how to guarantee shaped steel and concrete effectively collaborative work become one of emphasis of reinforced concrete composite structure research.Treatment process to bonding slippage problem between shaped steel and the concrete in the engineering design at present generally has two kinds: the first is by calculating the shearing connecting piece that adds some amount in component surface, certainly will cause the inconvenience in the construction like this and improve cost, and easily cause defective such as the congenital microfracture of inside concrete; It two is not if a small amount of shearing connecting piece only is set, and considers the bonding sliding influence in supporting capacity is calculated, and the supporting capacity of corresponding reduction member certainly exists uneconomic factor like this.On the other hand, ubiquity is focused on intensity and the phenomenon of light weather resistance in the engineering structure design, has occurred the security in use of many concrete structures and the problem of weather resistance aspect both at home and abroad.Half is promptly because alkali-aggregate reaction, chlorion erosion etc. are former thereby completely lose functions of use and even supporting capacity using not enough design period for some concrete structure engineerings, indivedual engineerings even partial collapse occurs or integral body is collapsed cause casualties or Architectural Equipment is destroyed.Therefore, improve the natural adhesive property between shaped steel and the strong high performance concrete of superelevation, on the shaped steel surface not if only by construct requirement be provided with a small amount of shearing connecting piece just can guarantee shaped steel and concrete effectively the research of collaborative work be significant; Simultaneously, the weather resistance of concrete structure engineering also causes people's close attention and great attention day by day.
The technology of preparing that it is the high-strength high-performance concrete of C60, C70, C80, C90 and C100 that prior art is used for the concrete strength grade classification of reinforced concrete composite structure, above-mentioned each strength grade concrete has significantly improved the adhesive property between shaped steel and the high-strength concrete, and has improved durability of structures; But, also exist and to extend to the strong high performance concrete of superelevation thus, be that concrete superelevation is strengthened, super durableization, and can not solve the problem of the natural adhesive property difference between shaped steel and the strong high performance concrete of superelevation when using it for reinforced concrete composite structure, so can not satisfy civil engineering work to aerial extension, i.e. building (surpassing) heightization, (surpassing) requirement of these trend of development such as striding, (surpassing) durableization and heavy type structure greatly.In addition, also exist in the prior art part with the concrete superelevation strengthen, the technology of preparing of super durableization, but they all do not relate to or the unresolved problem of the natural adhesive property difference between shaped steel and the strong high performance concrete of superelevation when being used for reinforced concrete composite structure.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of strong high performance concrete of superelevation that the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade is C140 that is used for.This concrete is applied in the reinforced concrete composite structure, can significantly improve the adhesive property between shaped steel and the concrete down state of nature (that is the shaped steel surface is not if only be provided with a small amount of shearing connecting piece by the structure requirement), effectively bring into play steel and two kinds of materials of concrete ability and cooperative work performance separately, thereby promote the supporting capacity and the performance of structural member significantly; In addition, this concrete can improve durability of structures, and has good working performance, high volume stability and economy.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved in that a kind of concrete that the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade is C140 that is used for, and it is characterized in that this mix proportion is (a unit: kg/m
3):
Cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate: water: water reducer: defoamer: silicon ash: flyash
＝485∶660∶1156∶123∶13∶0.7∶65∶100。
The present invention gives this and is used for the concrete preparation method that the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade is C140, and this method adopts cement to wrap up in sand method concrete secondary stirring technique, and concrete processing step is as follows:
1/2 the water 58.5kg that adds the fine aggregate of 660kg and water total amount according to weight proportion every cubic meter of concrete in forced mixer, evenly stir after 1～2 minute, the coarse aggregate (particle diameter is Φ 5～Φ 10mm simple grain level rubble) that adds 351.9kg, evenly stir the coarse aggregate (particle diameter is Φ 10～Φ 16mm simple grain level rubble) that adds 821.1kg after 1～2 minute, evenly stir after 2 minutes, the cement that adds whole consolidating materials: 485kg again, the silicon ash of 65kg and the flyash of 100kg, evenly stir after 2～3 minutes, the polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent that adds 13kg, 0.7kg AGITAN@P803 powder defoamer and surplus water 58.5kg, last evenly stirring is after 2～5 minutes, discharging promptly gets prepared concrete mix.
Described cement is selected the 625R ordinary Portland cement of steady quality, better performances, need and high efficiency water reducing agent carry out compatibility test between the two before the use, test method adopts the method among existing building material industry standard " cement and water reducer compatibility test method " the JC/T 1083-2008, and selection and the good cement type of high efficiency water reducing agent consistency.Selected cement performance index (comprises fineness, SO
3Content, MgO content, presetting period, final setting time, 3 days intensity, 28 days intensity) should be not less than the requirement of national existing relevant criterion, and select that alkali content is few, hydration heat is low for use, need the also low cement type of water-based.
River sand partially slightly during described fine aggregate adopts the particle slyness, quality is hard, grating is good, the quality of sand should be not less than the high-quality sand standard of stipulating among existing building material industry standard " regular concrete sand, stone quality and test method standard " JC/T 52-2006 and national standard " building sand " the GB/T 14684-2001.Its fineness modulus is that silt content is controlled at below 1.0% between 2.4～3.2.
Artificial rubbles such as described coarse aggregate adopts that the quality densification is hard, intensity is high, surface irregularity, particle shape is an almost spherical, faller gill shape content is little, grating is good limestone, grouan, diabase, the quality of rubble should be not less than the specified requirement of relevant criterion such as existing building material industry standard " regular concrete sand, stone quality and test method standard " JC/T 52-2006.The cubic compressive strength of aggregate parent rock should be not lower than the concrete strength of being prepared.Maximum particle diameter should be controlled at 16mm, and silt content is controlled at below 0.4%, and faller gill shape granule content should not be greater than 4%, and must not sneak into the weathering particle.When carrying out this concrete preparation, employing simple grain level ballast grain sizes is that two gratings of Φ 5～Φ 10mm and Φ 10～Φ 16mm feed intake, and ingredient proportion is 3: 7.
The special fine powdered coal of the high-quality I level that described flyash adopts coal-fired technology advanced person's power plant to produce.Its quality should be not less than the specified requirement of relevant criterion such as national standard " flyash that is used for cement and concrete " GB/T 1596-2005, and its loss on ignition should be not more than 3%, SO
3Content should be not more than 2%, and water demand ratio should be not more than 95%, and specific surface area should be greater than 700m
2/ kg.
Described silicon ash should adopt ultra-fine silicon ash, its quality should be not less than the specified requirement of relevant criterion such as national standard " mineral admixture for high-strength high-performance concrete " GB/T 18736-2002, dioxide-containing silica in the silicon ash should be not less than 90%, water ratio should be less than 3%, loss on ignition should be less than 4%, the pozzolanic activity index should be greater than 90%, and specific surface area should be not less than 25000m
2/ kg.
Reach and the cement compatibility test through a large amount of trial property simultaneous tests, the selected water reducer of this invention is a polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent, its quality should be not less than the specified requirement of relevant criterion such as existing national standard " concrete admixture " GB 8076-2008, and the water-reducing rate of selected high efficiency water reducing agent should be greater than 30%.The maximum doping quantity of selected high efficiency water reducing agent is not less than 2% of whole binder total amounts, adopts the method for mixing together, and needs before using carry out compatibility test with selected cement type.
Through test of a large amount of trial property and compatibility test, the selected defoamer of the present invention is the powder defoamer AGITAN@P803 that Germany produces, and its quality, flowability, consistency and stability are all better.The maximum doping quantity of selected powder defoamer is 1% of whole binder total amounts, adopts the method for mixing together, and needs before using carry out compatibility test with selected cement type and polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent.
Described mixing water is selected tap water for use, and its quality should be not less than the specified requirement of relevant criterion such as nation-building portion ministerial standard " concrete mixing water supply standard " JGJ 63-89, and requires the alkali content of selected tap water few.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the concrete of the present invention's production is that a kind of reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade that is applicable to is the strong high performance concrete of superelevation of C140.This concrete can guarantee its mechanical property that should possess (be the C140 strength grade, plasticity etc.) and have a high-durability, high workability, on the basis of high volume stability and economy, improve the natural adhesive property between this concrete and the shaped steel significantly, it is applied in the steel reinforced concrete structure design need not (or only need) and adds shearing connecting piece on the shaped steel surface by a little ground of structure requirement, can guarantee shaped steel and this concrete effective collaborative work, thereby reduced working procedure, steel have been saved, improved operating efficiency, and avoided being provided with in a large number shearing connecting piece and easily caused defectives such as the congenital microfracture of this inside concrete on the shaped steel surface, have remarkable economic efficiency and construction quality improvement effect, its mechanical property comparative test result sees Table 2.
2. the high efficiency water reducing agent that uses among the present invention is selected polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent (water-reducing rate should greater than 30%), compares the water reducer of other type, and good with the consistency of ordinary Portland cement, it does not contain Na
2SO
4, can further improve this concrete weather resistance.
3. the defoamer that uses among the present invention is selected the powder defoamer, model is AGITAN@P803, can carry out deaeration to a large amount of microvesicles that still remain in the concrete behind formation and the vibration compacting in the concrete whipping process, its degree of compactness is effectively improved, strengthen concrete weather resistance and shear stability.
4. the present invention produces, and to be used for the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade be that the strong high performance concrete of superelevation of C140 is under the normal concrete manufacturing condition, and adopt and reduce the feeding method realization that cement that cement granules and superfine active mineral grain fly upward is wrapped up in the sand stirring technique as far as possible everywhere when concrete stirs, preparation technology is simple and be easy to realize, be suitable for through engineering approaches, be convenient to large-scale promotion application, have the good social benefit.
5. the present invention produces, and to be used for the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade be that the starting material of the strong high performance concrete of superelevation of C140 contain a large amount of flyash, silicon ash, they are industrial waste and waste, for mass-produced market circulation, buy and sell product, starting material are easy to get; It is dissolved and can make huge contribution to environment protection, meets the requirement of Sustainable development, is a kind of green concrete, a kind of environment-friendly material.
6. the present invention produces, and to be used for the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade be that to adopt simple grain level ballast grain sizes be that two gratings of Φ 5～Φ 10mm and Φ 10～Φ 16mm feed intake for the starting material of the strong high performance concrete of superelevation of C140, ingredient proportion is 3: 7, the instability that not only can avoid or reduce the coarse aggregate quality is to strong Strength of High Performance Concrete of preparation superelevation and Effect on Performance, make also that the grain composition of coarse aggregate obtains better optimize in the concrete material, and make in the coarse aggregate between the different-grain diameter particle and and the fine aggregate particle between good filling is arranged, reduced the voidage of aggregate.
7. the present invention produces, and to be used for the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade be that the strong high performance concrete of superelevation of C140 is to expect (flyash and silicon ash) disastrously by adding the superfine active mineral, utilize the pozzolanic reaction of active mineral admixture, reinforcing effect, filling effect, weather resistance is improved the warm peak subtractive effect of effect and the strong high performance concrete hydration heat of superelevation, and make full use of that active mineral admixture is compound to be mixed and the super synergistic effect that composite blend produced of active mineral admixture and high efficiency water reducing agent, do not optimizing gelling material grain composition partly in the strong high-performance concrete material of superelevation with the characteristics of one-level according to them and cement granules particle diameter, not only make gather materials in the strong high performance concrete of superelevation and cement stone between the interface structure and the pore structure of cement stone all obtained significantly improving, improved the density of cement stone, impervious, simultaneously typical dense structure can expand to aggregate surface, thereby make the strong high performance concrete of superelevation closely knit more hard, the mechanical property of the strong high performance concrete of superelevation (especially and the adhesive property between the shaped steel), endurance quality and serviceability all improve a lot.
Embodiment
The present invention is significantly to improve the adhesive property between shaped steel and the concrete down in state of nature (that is the shaped steel surface is not if only be provided with a small amount of shearing connecting piece by the structure requirement), effectively bring into play steel and two kinds of materials of concrete ability and cooperative work performance separately, thereby promote the supporting capacity and the performance of structural member significantly, and to improve durability of structures be aim, studies to be used for the technology of preparing that the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade is the strong high performance concrete of superelevation of C140.At present, the quality and the intensity of making the used ordinary Portland cement of the strong high performance concrete of superelevation both at home and abroad are more and more higher, the processing technology and the quality of used active mineral admixture (silicon ash, flyash etc.) are updated, the research of concrete admixture such as high efficiency water reducing agent, superplasticizer has all obtained bigger progress with application in addition, and the research of defoamer in concrete with use also just progressively development, thereby identified the basis for the realization of above-mentioned research aim.Simultaneously, the cement consumption that the preparation of the strong high performance concrete of superelevation requires is less relatively, means a large amount of dischargings of carbonic acid gas and produce cement, so alleviated the Greenhouse effect that the earth is caused to a certain extent; It requires sufficient amount to be arranged and account for fine active mineral spikes such as the bigger flyash of consolidating material proportion, silicon ash; mean the reasonable disposal utilization of industrial waste; to help forming good production cycle and environment protection, and that these fine active mineral spikes improve the concrete material self performance just is needed.In a word, use the strong high performance concrete of superelevation can save cement, with industrial waste turn waste into wealth, extending structure engineering working life, and finally preserve the ecological environment and natural resources.In sum, the research and development that are used for the strong high performance concrete of superelevation of reinforced concrete composite structure will have been walked out the road of a Sustainable development for using concrete better, it will promote the integration capability and the performance of Structural Engineering, promote steel-concrete combined structure in China, especially the high level of low developed area such as Midwest, high-rise building, large-span structure and heavy duty industrial are (as electric power plant, large-scale Steel Plant etc.) apply in the factory building, improve the scientific and technological content of building structure among Infrastructure and the human settlement, and bring into play it and have bigger supporting capacity and rigidity, good seismic resistance, construction speed is fast, durable and resistivity against fire reaches unique advantages such as significant social and economic benefit well.
The present invention development be used for the strong high performance concrete of superelevation that the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade is C140, except adopting materials similar-cement, sand, rubble, the water with normal concrete, also added its indispensable component: high efficiency water reducing agent and active mineral admixture, also mixed the powder defoamer in addition.The strong high performance concrete of superelevation is different with normal concrete, and its intensity and performance all are greatly improved than normal concrete, and than high-strength concrete further raising is arranged also.The water cement ratio of the strong high performance concrete of superelevation is generally all less than 0.24, and the water cement ratio of normal concrete is generally more than 0.45, the water cement ratio of high-strength concrete is generally about 0.3, the maximum size of coarse aggregate of the strong high performance concrete of superelevation is also less than normal concrete, even less than high-strength concrete.Above-mentioned every difference has caused strong high performance concrete of superelevation and normal concrete that very big difference is arranged on performance, with high-strength concrete bigger difference is arranged also on performance, expect disastrously by adding the superfine active mineral, utilize the pozzolanic reaction of superfine active mineral spike, filling effect and plasticization effect, optimize the grain composition of gelling material part in the strong high-performance concrete material of superelevation, not only make gather materials in the strong high performance concrete of superelevation and cement stone between the interface structure and the pore structure of cement stone all obtained significantly improving, improved the density of cement stone, impervious, simultaneously typical dense structure can expand to aggregate surface, thereby make the strong high performance concrete of superelevation closely knit more hard, mechanical property of the strong high performance concrete of superelevation (especially and the adhesive property between the shaped steel) and endurance quality all improve a lot.Simultaneously, by mixing of powder defoamer, can reduce in the concrete whipping process form and vibration compacting after still remain in the interface transition zone in the cement slurry or between cement slurry and the aggregate in the concrete a large amount of bubbles carry out deaeration, its degree of compactness is effectively improved, to the mechanical property of the strong high performance concrete of superelevation (comprise and shaped steel between adhesive property) and the raising of endurance quality all made no small contribution.
And plain bar is similar to the bonding between the concrete, and the cohesive force between shaped steel and the concrete also mainly is made up of chemical bond power, friction resistance and mechanical snap power three parts.Each integral part of cohesive force between shaped steel and the concrete is all closely related with concrete performance.
Chemical bond power is chemical clinging power or the adsorptive power that the cement gel body in the concrete produces on the shaped steel surface, and its (shearing resistance) ultimate value depends on the character of cement and the degree of roughness on shaped steel surface.During casting concrete, cement slurry produces surface tension at steel surface, and under capillary effect, the cement slurry on the steel surface will form self-equilibrating; Deposit concrete generally will vibrate, and the infiltration of cement slurry to the steel surface zone of oxidation can be strengthened and accelerate to the power of vibrating (disturbance); Cement slurry crystallization in maintenance processes, the cement crystal forms chemical bond power.Chemical bond power only exists under the original formation state of steel reinforced concrete member, in case (part) bonding slippage on the joint face takes place, the cement crystal will be cut off and attrition crushing, and chemical bond power is then lost.The principal element that influences chemical bond power has concrete strength, shaped steel steel surface degree of roughness, test specimen to build mode and the maintenance in vibrate degree and later stage and concrete contraction situation etc.
After the forfeiture of chemical bond power, coarse injustice and the caused steel surface changed condition of other reason (steel surface is uneven) owing to steel surface, concrete crystal grain on itself and the contact surface is interlocked, has so just formed mechanical snap power.For the shaped steel of handling plant produced and postmenstruation such as rolling joist steel, in case the crushed integration of concrete crystal on shaped steel and the concrete surface, at this moment also substantial loss of mechanical snap power are accelerated in bonding slippage development.The principal element that influences mechanical snap power is the degree of roughness of shaped steel steel surface and the force way of surface appearance (corrosion degree etc.), aggregate grating, concrete strength and steel reinforced concrete member etc.
The shaped steel surrounding concrete also is to form behind the bond failure between shaped steel and the concrete to the friction resistance of shaped steel, and mainly is just to play a role after mechanical snap power is lost substantially.When chemical bond power; especially after the forfeiture of mechanical snap power; owing to cut off, crushed and expanded with the concrete crystal on the shaped steel contact surface; lateral confinement such as protective layer and stirrup in addition; to on shaped steel and concrete joint face, produce positive pressure; add that frictional coefficient is bigger on the joint face, thereby formed friction resistance.Friction resistance all exists after the forfeiture of chemical bond power always, is the major portion of later stage cohesive force between shaped steel and the concrete.The factor that influences friction resistance has the size of joining adhesive surface between steel form and surface characteristic, shaped steel and the concrete, member stress mode, the aggregate grating of shaped steel and influences factor (thickness of concrete cover of shaped steel, stirrup ratio, concrete shrinkage) of lateral confinement etc.
Key technical problem to be solved by this invention is, guarantee the strong high performance concrete of superelevation the mechanical property (being intensity and plasticity) that should possess and have high-durability, high workability, on the basis of high volume stability and economy, improve (nature) adhesive property between concrete and the shaped steel significantly, make in steel reinforced concrete structure design and need not (or only need) and add shearing connecting piece on the shaped steel surface by a little ground of structure requirement, can guarantee has reliable bonding and anchoring between shaped steel and the concrete, make both energy under loading action harmonious, co-operation.
The present invention is on principle and principle of design, break the restriction of " full sieve rice " formula, by orthogonal experiment and contrast experiment's method, consider the consistency of high efficiency water reducing agent and cement, the consistency of defoamer and cement, the consistency of high efficiency water reducing agent and defoamer, maximum size of coarse aggregate, between the coarse aggregate different-grain diameter and and the fine aggregate particle diameter between level pairing concrete strength and the performance factors such as pozzolanic activity of Effect on Performance and active mineral spike, select the high-quality coarse-fine aggregate for use and control particle diameter and grating, in the strong high performance concrete its preparing materials of superelevation, mix an amount of high efficiency water reducing agent and high-quality composite active mineral ultrafine powder, and the adding of consideration defoamer, reduce water cement ratio, be based on the local existing material that is easy to get, do not change conventional production process, when stirring, concrete flies upward the feeding method that employing cement is wrapped up in the sand stirring technique everywhere for reduce cement granules and superfine active mineral grain as far as possible, utilize the pozzolanic reaction of active mineral admixture, reinforcing effect, filling effect, weather resistance is improved the warm peak subtractive effect of effect and the strong high performance concrete hydration heat of superelevation, and make full use of that active mineral admixture is compound to be mixed and the super synergistic effect that composite blend produced of active mineral admixture and high efficiency water reducing agent and the deaeration effect of defoamer, it is good to make mechanical property (especially and the adhesive property between the shaped steel), the serviceability excellence, excellent in durability, the strength grade of widely applying in steel reinforced concrete structure that is applicable to that cost is relatively low is the strong high performance concrete of superelevation of C140.The mechanical property comparative test result of the present invention and normal concrete (strength grade is the concrete of C30～C50), general high-strength concrete (strength grade is the concrete of C60～C100) and general super high strength concrete (strength grade is the concrete of C110, C120, C130) is as shown in table 2.
When the present invention selected starting material, not only requiring starting material was high-quality, and also requiring the used starting material of the preparation strong high performance concrete of superelevation is that the locality is easy to get.In addition, consider that the intensity of institute's concrete batching is very high, be optimized, make the thickness particle that good filling be arranged mutually, to reduce the voidage of aggregate according to the grain composition of maximum density theory to coarse-fine aggregate in the concrete material; Simultaneously, the median size of general cement is 20～30 μ m, particle less than 10 μ m is also few, and the grain diameter of active mineral admixture is tiny more than the cement granules particle diameter, the median size of superfined flyash is 3～6 μ m, energy filling concrete gap between particles, the median size of silicon ash is littler, be 0.10～0.26 μ m, between energy filling concrete particle and the superfined flyash particle and the space between the superfined flyash particle is so the grain composition to the gelling material part is optimized also most important in the strong high-performance concrete material of the superelevation of being prepared.And the outside deterioration factor (as factors such as vitriol) depends on concrete space structure to a great extent to concrete aggressiveness, and this causes the major cause of concrete durability problem just.Mixing of active mineral admixture, reduced between the cement granules and the voidage at interface, make water mudrock structure and interface structure more fine and close, blocked the infiltration path that may form, thereby the impermeability of the strong high performance concrete of being prepared of superelevation is increased substantially, water and other various etching medium (CL
-, SO
4 2-, CO
2Deng) all be difficult to enter inside concrete, and can reduce the occurrence probability of alkali-pasc reaction and the generation probability of Losantin, its intensity and endurance quality are greatly improved.Promptly when in water mudrock structure and the interface structure greater than the macropore content of 0.1 μ m when low, to help the improvement of the every performance of the strong high performance concrete of superelevation of preparing, otherwise, all unfavorable to intensity, anti-permeability performance and the endurance quality of the strong high performance concrete of preparation superelevation.
Behind active mineral admixture replacement part cement, mineral admixture that the portion of water in the cement granules space is filled in it cements out, and the degree of mobilization of cement paste is increased.But also not all mineral admixture all has this significant plasticization effect, mainly be because the specific surface area of part active mineral admixture is too big or itself have vesicular structure, though can displace the part moisture in the cement paste behind its replacement cement, but since itself the suction or wetted surface need more free water, cause the flowability of cement paste not increase.Develop the high workload performance of the strong high performance concrete of superelevation in order to guarantee, the present invention adopts high efficiency water reducing agent and the compound method of mixing of active mineral admixture, under both collaborative works, the subparticle of active mineral spike has not only been given full play to their filling effect, and the moisture that will be filled among the space cements out, make between the particle between the water-resisting layer thickening; In addition, the subparticle of active mineral admixture has adsorbed the high efficiency water reducing agent molecule, the electrostatic repulsion that the electrostatic double layer current potential that its surface forms is produced is greater than the universal gravitation between the powder particle, impel powder granule to disperse, and further aggravate the cement particulate and disperse, the flowability of cement paste is increased, thereby improved the flowability of compound effectively; Simultaneously, compound the mixing of superfine active mineral admixture reduced hydration heat, can improve concrete volume stability.
In addition, for normal concrete, usually contain a large amount of alkali in the grout body opening liquid, its pH value can reach 13, and aggregate also has alkaline matter, therefore when this concrete is in the wet environment, the hydroxide ion in its hole liquid will with the activated silica generation alkali-aggregate reaction in the aggregate, thereby cause concrete expansion and cracking.In addition, villaumite is the most deleterious a kind of aggressiveness compound, when chlorion corrodes in the concrete microstructure, will be to the hydrated cementitious phase shift of separating out, and finally cause concrete to be etched damage.Therefore, improving concrete pore structure and anti-permeability performance is to improve it to resist the effective way of alkali-aggregate reaction and chlorion erosional competency.The present invention adopts low alkali cement, aggregate that activated silica content is little, and compoundly mixes that measure such as active mineral spike suppresses alkali-aggregate reaction and chlorion corrodes.Test-results shows, behind a part of cement of silicon ash replacement that mixes, can alleviate even eliminate fully the self-expanding that alkali-aggregate reaction causes effectively.Its mechanism of action is: before the concrete strength development, the silicon ash can consume potash and the soda in the liquid of hole rapidly, so that hydroxide ion concentration reaches lower level; The silicon ash also can consume the calcium hydroxide that is discharged by hydrated cementitious, and is remarkable to improving concrete weather resistance effect.After adding the active mineral ultrafine powder in the strong high performance concrete of superelevation of the present invention, concrete electric conduction quantity also obviously descends, the penetrating power of chlorion is controlled at very low level, can reduce the occurrence probability of alkali-pasc reaction and the generation probability of Losantin, thereby improve concrete weather resistance.
The aggregate that is used for preparing the starting material of the strong high performance concrete of superelevation should have higher inherent strength, toughness and stability, can resisting various static state and dynamic stress, impact and abrasive action, and can not cause institute's concrete batching performance decrease.Because the condition of surface difference of different aggregates causes the cohesive strength between cement slurry and the aggregate also inequality, generally rubble has higher bonding strength than cobble; On the other hand, the asynchronous cohesive strength of silicon ash content ratio differs also very big in the cement slurry, mixes silicon when ash, and the cohesive strength between cement slurry and the aggregate is much higher when not mixing.Normal concrete is when destroying, the bonding interface of cement slurry and aggregate is weak link, the crack is to occur along the interface of cement slurry and aggregate, aggregate generally can not destroy, and extraneous often corrode also from then on that the interface begins development, and the bonding interface of cement slurry in the strong high performance concrete of superelevation and aggregate no longer is a weak link, its destruction is also no longer taken place along the interface, but owing to the destruction of aggregate causes, so the performance of aggregate has bigger influence to the performance of the strong high performance concrete of superelevation.The coarse aggregate of selecting for use in the research of the present invention is surface irregularity, fine quality, rubble that grating is good.Thick river sand during fine aggregate adopts the particle slyness, quality is hard, grating is good, silt content is little.Simultaneously, the quality that continuous on the market grade ballast grain sizes is Φ 5～Φ 16mm is very different, even it is high-quality and the quality stability of Φ 5～Φ 16mm that same producer can not guarantee continuous grade ballast grain sizes, for fear of or the instability that reduces the coarse aggregate quality to strong Strength of High Performance Concrete of preparation superelevation and Effect on Performance, and in the acquisition coarse aggregate between the different-grain diameter particle and and the fine aggregate particle between etc. the filling optimization, the present invention is optimized according to the grain composition of maximum density theory to coarse aggregate in the concrete material, employing simple grain level ballast grain sizes is that two gratings of Φ 5～Φ 10mm and Φ 10～Φ 16mm feed intake, ingredient proportion is 3: 7, make in the concrete material thick, good filling is arranged, to reduce the voidage of aggregate in the fine aggregate between the thickness particle mutually.
The present invention adopts cement to wrap up in sand method (claiming the SEC method again) concrete secondary stirring technique in the preparation, stir in forced mixer, its feeding sequence is: add total water amount → stir (1～2 minute) → adding coarse aggregate (particle diameter is Φ 5～Φ 10mm simple grain level rubble) → stir (1～2 minute) → adding coarse aggregate (particle diameter is Φ 10～Φ 16mm simple grain level rubble) → stir (1～2 minute) of fine aggregate and 1/2 → add whole consolidating materials → stir (2～3 minutes) → adding polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent, defoamer and surplus water → (2～5 minutes) → discharging stirs.This technology can reduce cement granules as far as possible and the superfine active mineral grain flies upward when concrete stirs everywhere, and can improve prepared concrete intensity, and prepared concrete should not form segregation phenomenon, and bleeding is few, and serviceability is better relatively.
Embodiment:
(1) starting material
1. cement
Select the Qinling Mountains board PO 62.5R cement of steady quality, better performances, carry out between the two compatibility test with high efficiency water reducing agent before using, test method adopts the method among existing building material industry standard " cement and the water reducer compatibility test method " JC/T1083-2008, and is good with the high efficiency water reducing agent consistency.Selected cement performance index meets the requirement of national existing relevant criterion, and its alkali content is few, hydration heat is low, need water-based also low.
2. aggregate
During fine aggregate adopts the particle slyness, quality is hard, grating is good partially slightly, Ba river sand, the quality of sand meets the high-quality sand standard of stipulating among existing building material industry standard " regular concrete sand, stone quality and test method standard " JC/T 52-2006 and national standard " building sand " the GB/T 14684-2001.Its fineness modulus is 2.8, and silt content is controlled at below 0.8%.
Artificial rubbles such as coarse aggregate adopts that the quality densification is hard, intensity is high, surface irregularity, particle shape is an almost spherical, faller gill shape content is little, grating is good limestone, grouan, diabase, the quality of rubble meet the specified requirement of relevant criterion such as existing building material industry standard " regular concrete sand, stone quality and test method standard " JC/T 52-2006.The cubic compressive strength of aggregate parent rock is 120～250MPa.Maximum particle diameter is controlled at 16mm, and silt content is controlled at below 0.4%, and faller gill shape granule content is controlled at below 4%, and must not sneak into the weathering particle.Employing simple grain level ballast grain sizes is that two gratings of Φ 5～Φ 10mm and Φ 10～Φ 16mm feed intake, and ingredient proportion is 3: 7.
3. flyash
Adopt the special fine powdered coal of high-quality I level of power plant's production of coal-fired technology advanced person.Its quality meets the specified requirement of relevant criterion such as national standard " flyash that is used for cement and concrete " GB/T 1596-2005, and its loss on ignition is 2.5%, SO
3Content is 1.5%, and water demand ratio is 95%, and specific surface area is 800m
2/ kg.
4. silicon ash
The quality of the silicon ash of selecting for use meets the specified requirement of relevant criterion such as national standard " mineral admixture for high-strength high-performance concrete " GB/T 18736-2002, dioxide-containing silica in the silicon ash is 95%, water ratio is 2.5%, loss on ignition is 3.5%, the pozzolanic activity index is 95%, and specific surface area is 28000m
2/ kg.
5. high efficiency water reducing agent
Reach and the cement compatibility test through a large amount of trial property simultaneous tests, the selected high efficiency water reducing agent of this invention is a polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent, its quality meets the specified requirement of relevant criterion such as existing national standard " concrete admixture " GB 8076-2008, and the water-reducing rate of selected high efficiency water reducing agent is greater than 30%.The maximum doping quantity of selected high efficiency water reducing agent is 2.5% of whole binder total amounts, adopts with mixing method, and use is preceding and selected cement type carries out compatibility test and consistency is good.
6. defoamer
The powder defoamer AGITAN@P803 that the defoamer of selecting for use is produced for Germany, its quality, flowability, consistency and stability are all better.The maximum doping quantity of selected powder defoamer is 1% of whole binder total amounts, adopt with mixing method, before using with selected cement type with polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent carries out compatibility test and consistency is better.
7. mixing water
Selecting tap water for use is mixing water, and its quality meets the specified requirement of relevant criterion such as nation-building portion ministerial standard " concrete mixing water supply standard " JGJ 63-89, and alkali content is few.
(2) proportioning
The present invention is as shown in table 1 for the proportioning that the strong high performance concrete of superelevation of C140 provides for the strength grade that will widely apply in steel reinforced concrete structure.
Table 1 is used for the strong high performance concrete proportioning of the superelevation (unit: kg/m of reinforced concrete composite structure
3)
(3) stirring technique
This method adopts cement to wrap up in sand method concrete secondary stirring technique, and concrete processing step is as follows:
1/2 the water 58.5kg that adds the fine aggregate of 660kg and water total amount according to weight proportion every cubic meter of concrete in forced mixer, evenly stir after 1～2 minute, the coarse aggregate (particle diameter is Φ 5～Φ 10mm simple grain level rubble) that adds 351.9kg, evenly stir the coarse aggregate (particle diameter is Φ 10～Φ 16mm simple grain level rubble) that adds 821.1kg after 1～2 minute, evenly stir after 2 minutes, the cement that adds whole consolidating materials: 485kg again, the silicon ash of 65kg and the flyash of 100kg, evenly stir after 2～3 minutes, the polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent that adds 13kg, 0.7kg AGITAN@P803 powder defoamer and surplus water 58.5kg, last evenly stirring is after 2～5 minutes, discharging promptly gets prepared concrete mix.
This technology can reduce cement granules as far as possible and the superfine active mineral grain flies upward when concrete stirs everywhere, and can improve prepared concrete intensity, and prepared concrete should not form segregation phenomenon, and bleeding is few, and serviceability is better relatively.
(4) mechanical property test result contrast
The strength grade of preparing according to above-mentioned proportioning that is applicable to reinforced concrete composite structure is the strong high performance concrete of superelevation of C140 and normal concrete (strength grade is the concrete of C30～C50), general high-strength concrete (strength grade is the concrete of C60～C100) and generally the mechanical property comparative test result of super high strength concrete (strength grade is the concrete of C110, C120, C130) is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 mechanical performance of concrete comparative test result
As can be seen from Table 2, strength grade by this technology preparation is the strong high performance concrete of superelevation of C140, realized can guarantee its mechanical property that should possess (be the C140 strength grade, plasticity etc.) and have a high-durability, high workability, on the basis of high volume stability and economy, improve (nature) adhesive property between concrete and the shaped steel significantly, make in steel reinforced concrete structure design and need not (or only need) and add shearing connecting piece on the shaped steel surface by a little ground of structure requirement, can guarantee shaped steel and concrete effective collaborative work, thereby reduced working procedure, steel have been saved, improved operating efficiency, and avoided being provided with in a large number on the shaped steel surface shearing connecting piece and easily caused defectives such as the congenital microfracture of inside concrete, have remarkable economic efficiency and construction quality improvement effect.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is used for the concrete that the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade is C140, it is characterized in that this concrete is according to kg/m
3Proportioning be:
Cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate: water: water reducer: defoamer: silicon ash: flyash
＝485∶660∶1173∶117∶13∶0.7∶65∶100。
2. according to claim 1ly be used for the concrete that the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade is C140, it is characterized in that it is that Φ 5～Φ 10mm and Φ 10～Φ 16mm two gratings feed intake that described coarse aggregate adopts simple grain level ballast grain sizes, ingredient proportion is 3: 7.
3. according to claim 1ly be used for the concrete that the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade is C140, it is characterized in that described water reducer is selected polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent, water-reducing rate is greater than 30%.
4. according to claim 1ly be used for the concrete that the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade is C140, it is characterized in that described defoamer is selected AGITAN@P803 powder defoamer.
5. being used for the reinforced concrete composite structure strength grade is the concrete preparation method of C140, it is characterized in that, this method adopts cement to wrap up in sand method concrete secondary stirring technique, and concrete processing step is as follows:
1/2 the water 58.5kg that adds the fine aggregate of 660kg and water total amount according to weight proportion every cubic meter of concrete in forced mixer, evenly stir after 1～2 minute, adding the 351.9kg particle diameter is the coarse aggregate of Φ 5～Φ 10mm simple grain level rubble, it is the coarse aggregate of Φ 10～Φ 16mm simple grain level rubble that even stirring added the 821.1kg particle diameter after 1～2 minute, evenly stir after 2 minutes, the cement that adds whole consolidating materials: 485kg again, the silicon ash of 65kg and the flyash of 100kg, evenly stir after 2～3 minutes, the polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent that adds 13kg, 0.7kg AGITAN@P803 powder defoamer and surplus water 58.5kg, last evenly stirring is after 2～5 minutes, discharging promptly gets prepared concrete mix.
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