CN101912412B - 用于传递一氧化氮的沸石 - Google Patents
用于传递一氧化氮的沸石 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101912412B CN101912412B CN201010255984XA CN201010255984A CN101912412B CN 101912412 B CN101912412 B CN 101912412B CN 201010255984X A CN201010255984X A CN 201010255984XA CN 201010255984 A CN201010255984 A CN 201010255984A CN 101912412 B CN101912412 B CN 101912412B
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- Prior art keywords
- zeolite
- nitric oxide
- framework
- release
- zeolites
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 105
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Abstract
本发明描述了含有可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的沸石,制备这种沸石的方法,将一氧化氮释放到溶液中或者释放到空气中的方法,以及这种沸石在治疗中的应用。
Description
本申请是申请日为2004年7月5日、标题为“用于传递一氧化氮的沸石”的中国专利申请号200480019024.6的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及含有可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的沸石,制备这些沸石的方法,将一氧化氮释放到溶液中或者空气中的方法,及其应用。
背景技术
一氧化氮(化学式为NO)是一种在许多生物过程中极其重要的非凡的小分子。NO是增加通过动脉和静脉的血流量的血管扩张剂,还是控制/预防血小板附着和聚集以及血栓形成的一个重要因子。它还在免疫系统和神经传递中起至关重要的作用。关于一氧化氮的作用方式已经知道了许多,并且已经清楚其在药物和生物技术的体内和体外应用中具有巨大潜力。
一氧化氮的受控传递可能在预防和治疗方法和应用中很重要。例如,一氧化氮可以预防血栓形成以及堵塞动脉血管形成术和斯滕特固定模插入后的再狭窄(国际专利申请WO 95/24908)。由于一氧化氮活跃于许多生物过程中,其靶向传递无论如何都是所希望的。将一氧化氮传递到皮肤还可以对有外周循环问题的患者有治疗益处,所述外周循环问题可能在诸如关节炎和雷诺氏综合征的情况下出现。一氧化氮还表现出抗菌性,而且将其结合到抗菌装置中并用于治疗细菌感染是适宜的。一氧化氮还参与了伤口愈合和血管生成,并且当愈合可能缓慢时,例如老年患者,向伤口和溃疡处传递一氧化氮可能是有益的(M.Shabani等.,Enhancement of woundrepair with a topically applied nitric oxide-releasing polymer Wound repairand regeneration,4,353,1996和S.Frank H.Kampfer,C.Wetzler,J.Pfeilschifer,nitric oxide drives skin repair:Novel functions of an establishedmediator Kidney International,61,882,2002)。
然而,将一氧化氮以所需的最佳剂量传递到所需的区域通常是困难的,因为一氧化氮是气体。在体外,例如生物技术应用,以及在体内,例如医学应用中,一氧化氮的传递都是困难的。
已知有多种一氧化氮传递方法,如
(a)自发释放NO的分子;
(b)代谢产生NO的分子;
(c)光敏化下释放NO的分子;
(d)从聚合物和聚合物涂层中释放NO;
(e)通过化学反应生成NO。
(a)类分子包括通称为一氧化氮亲核配合物的分子(NONOates)(C.M.Maragos等,Complexes of NO with nucleophiles as agents for the controlledbiological release of nitric-oxide-vasorelaxant effects J.Med.Chem,34,3242,1991)。这些分子是自发放出一氧化氮的多种分子,并且已经显示出在治疗应用中使用的可能性(美国专利4954526)。但是,NONOates在治疗中的应用是受限制的,因为它们分布全身,而这可能不利于选择性。NO释放后的副产物还可能形成致癌的次级亚硝胺。其它的(a)类分子包括亚硝基硫醇类(Megson,I.L.,Greig,I.R.,Butler,A.R.,Gray,G.A.& Webb,D.J.Therapeutic potential of S-nitrosothiols as nitric oxide donor drugs Scot.Med.J.42,88,(1997))。而且,(a)类分子还可能引起危险的全身血压降低。
(b)类分子包括三硝酸甘油酯和硝普钠(L.J.Ignarro Biosynthesis andmetabolism of endothelium-derived nitric-oxide Ann.Rev.Pharmacol.Toxicol.30,535,1990)。这些化合物目前广泛用作血管扩张剂,但是,长期使用可能导致有毒副产物,如氰化物。而且,可能会表现出耐药性,因为这些分子需要被代谢以释放NO。NO向特殊位点的瞄准也可能差,从而导致趋向于全身性的效果。
(c)类分子需要特殊的活化,例如,具有特定波长的光,这类分子可能难以启动(C.Works,C.J.Jocher,G.D.Bart,X.Bu,P.C.Ford,Photochemical nitric-oxide Precursors Inorg.Chem.,41,3728,2002)。
一氧化氮的(d)类释放通过用固体物品承载释放一氧化氮的化合物,将一氧化氮传递到特定靶位点而减少了和全身性活性有关的问题。这样的释放NO的化合物可以是聚合物材料,这种聚合物材料可以涂布在可用于瞄准身体的特定区域进行治疗的医疗器械上。所述聚合物可以含有例如N2O2基,该基团在化学反应后释放NO(国际专利申请WO 95/24908和美国专利申请2002094985)。但是,在这种情况下的NO释放可能是难以控制的,并且目前所需材料的制备可能非常昂贵,通常需要多步处理,而且由于在室温下的不稳定性和需要低温储存而有难以储存的问题。这样的聚合物已经在以下方面显示出其可能的应用:治疗心血管问题,例如再狭窄;制造抗血栓医药设备;减轻皮肤供血中的异常血管收缩(雷诺氏综合征)以及用于伤口愈合。
一氧化氮的(e)类传递已经被推荐通过化学反应释放一氧化氮而用于局部应用。所述化学反应包括亚硝酸钠、抗坏血酸和马来酸的应用,这些化合物和水接触时放出NO(美国专利申请No.6,103,275)。但是,这类反应只在酸性条件下发生,因而可能产生刺激,特别是老年患者的敏感皮肤。另外,一氧化氮是以短暂爆发方式而不是可控方式释放的。
本发明的一个目的是消除和/或减轻一氧化氮储存和传递问题。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面提供一种沸石材料,其包含可释放地吸附的一氧化氮。
沸石材料是一类硅铝酸盐材料,这些材料是已知的并且用于众多应用领域中,例如离子交换,气体分离和催化(A.Dyer,An Introduction to ZeoliteMolecular Sieves,J.Wiley and Sons,1988)。
根据本发明的第二方面提供一种制备包含可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的沸石材料的方法,所述方法包括提供沸石材料并且将所述材料和一氧化氮气体接触的步骤。
适用于本发明的沸石既可以是天然发现的,也可以是合成的。沸石含有孔和通道,这些孔和通道的大小可以让小分子或离子吸附到材料的内表面上。沸石骨架的通式是AlySi1-yO4 y-。对于沸石骨架中的每个铝离子,引入一个负电荷,其必须和骨架外阳离子(extra-framework cation)平衡。这些阳离子在性质上可以是无机或有机的,并且可以使用标准的离子交换方法进行交换(M.E.Davis,Ordered porous materials for emerging applicationsNature 417,813,2002)。
沸石可以包含过渡元素阳离子作为额外的骨架物质种类,例如铁、铜、钌,这样的沸石可以吸附一氧化氮,在沸石材料空穴内形成配合物。这些配合物是牢固的,可以储存一氧化氮直至需要时。其它元素的阳离子,例如钠和钾,和一氧化氮结合较弱。本领域的技术人员可以使用标准离子交换方法将所需的金属离子引入到沸石结构中作为骨架外阳离子(Plank等,美国专利No.3,140,249;Preparation,characterisation,and Performance ofFe-ZSM-5 Catalysts R.Joyner和M.Stockenhuber,J.Phys.Chem.B.,1999,103,5963-5976)。使用这样的技术,可以将阳离子混合物结合到沸石结构中。
沸石可以是以脱水状态提供的。
可以用以下方法控制沸石中可以负载的一氧化氮的量:改变骨架外阳离子的相对量,控制它们的化学性质和/或存在的离子的总量。例如,沸石结构中存在的骨架外阳离子数量可能与骨架中存在的铝量有关。铝离子越多,需要越多的骨架外阳离子来平衡负电荷。然后,骨架外阳离子可以和NO分子相互作用。
还可以改变骨架外阳离子的化学性质(例如,可以将一价阳离子,如Na+和Ag+,交换成二价阳离子,如Fe2+和Cu2+,或者三价阳离子,如Ru3+和Fe3+)。每种不同的阳离子和NO的亲合力可能不同,改变沸石骨架中存在的阳离子可用于控制NO的释放。如此操纵沸石组成,可以影响一氧化氮从沸石中释放的速率。例如,负载钠的沸石与负载铁的沸石相比较弱地结合一氧化氮,因而更加快速地释放一氧化氮。混和的钠/铁沸石可以以和负载钠的沸石或负载铁的沸石不同的速率释放一氧化氮,并且这样的一氧化氮释放可以有不同的速率曲线。
还可以通过选择沸石骨架来改变一氧化氮的载荷和释放速率。沸石骨架可获自具有多种不同结构的合成材料,并且可以选择合适的骨架以提供对于考虑中的应用所需的性质。例如,可以通过孔或通道开孔的大小来限定沸石结构中的孔和通道。LTA结构的沸石具有由8个孔四面体单位限定的开孔(即8个Si/Al原子和8个氧原子的环)。沸石MFI具有由10个四面体单位限定的较大的环开孔,而FAU则有12个四面体单位限定的更大的孔开孔。孔的大小在沸石骨架之间也可不同。例如,一些沸石具有只在一个方向走向的通道(一维通道体系),而其它具有二或三维形式的相互作用通道的体系(2-维和3-维通道体系)。沸石的大小、形状和维数可以影响NO扩散和吸附/解吸速率,并且在具体应用中可以用于控制NO从沸石中释放的速率。
因此,可以调节沸石材料的组成以控制负载在沸石结构中的一氧化氮量和/或一氧化氮从沸石中释放的速率。
这样的沸石结构可以选自但不限于,具有如下三字母骨架代码的骨架:LTA、FAU、MFI、MOR、FER、BEA、PHI和SAS(至于这些代码如何与沸石骨架结构相关的详情,参见国际沸石协会站点www.iza-online.org,通过引用将这些骨架结构结合在此)。这些三字母代码描述了沸石的骨架构造,即它们的结构,但没有描述沸石的组成,而其组成可以广泛变化。这些三字母代码用作沸石的命名体系。
可用于本发明的沸石可以具有如下通式(I):
[(M1n+)x/n(M2p+)y/p...(Mnq+)v/q][AlzSi2-zO4] (I)
其中M1和M2...Mn是以下元素的骨架外金属阳离子,所述的元素选自:
Li、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Ru、Rh、Co、Ni、Zn和Ag。
x可以为0至nz,
y可以为0至pz,且
v可以为0至qz,
前提条件是:x/n+y/p+...+v/q=z。
z是沸石骨架中被铝原子取代的硅原子的数目。
n+、p+和q+是骨架外金属阳离子的电荷,可以单独地取+1、+2或+3的值。
M1和M2...Mn还可以选自小的有机阳离子,如N(R1)a(R2)b +,其中R1和R2独立地选自H、-CH3、-CH2CH3或-CH2CH2CH3,并且a和b独立地为0、1、2、3或4,以使a+b=4;
当M1和/或M2是小的有机阳离子时,NH+ 4是优选的。
可优选在本发明中使用的沸石具有如下通式(II):
[(M1n+)x/n(M2P+)y/p][AlzSi2-zO4]
(II)
其中M1和M2如前定义,
x可以为0至nz,且
y可以为0至pz,前提条件是:x/n+y/p=z。
装载一氧化氮前,可以将用于本发明的沸石完全或部分脱水,例如,在真空下将水从沸石通道中除去。然后可以将得到的沸石暴露于将要装载沸石的一氧化氮中。
典型地,一氧化氮的装载是在-100℃至50℃的温度下进行的。
可以用纯NO或用NO和载气的混合气进行一氧化氮的装载,所述载气如惰性气体,例如氦、氩或其它惰性气体,包括它们的混合物。
负载典型地是在超过大气压的压力下进行的,例如从大气压可高到10巴压力。
可以将负载一氧化氮的沸石密封在气密包装中用于储存和运输。
在将负载一氧化氮的沸石暴露于湿气后,例如暴露于诸如水或血液的水性环境中,一氧化氮从沸石内部金属配合物中被置换下来,导致一氧化氮气体释放到水性环境中。
当放置在空气中时,也可以将一氧化氮从负载一氧化氮的沸石中释放出来。
一氧化氮的释放可以在各种温度下进行,但是室温或体温是优选的。
可以将负载一氧化氮的沸石制备成粉末或单块(monolith),用于例如局部治疗应用或体外应用中,如向细胞培养物传递特定量的NO。例如,可以将特定量的NO装载到沸石中,然后在已知负载NO的沸石的释放程度或释放曲线的情况下,可以将精确量的NO传递给细胞培养物。该原理也可应用于其它的NO传递应用,例如在治疗、化妆品和/或卫生应用中,以便可以将特定量的NO或者NO剂量给药。
可以通过挤压沸石粉或者通过将沸石粉与合适的沸石催化剂制造中公知的粘合剂混合而形成单块。
合适的粘合剂包括但不限于,陶瓷粘合剂,例如硅石或矾土,以及聚合物粘合剂,例如聚砜、聚乙烯、PET、聚苯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和其它聚合物。
备选地,可以提供沸石作为医疗设备上的涂层,所述医疗设备如金属或塑料医疗设备。然后可以将涂覆的设备传递到需要一氧化氮的部位。例如,可以使用沸石涂覆的斯滕特固定模进行气囊血管成形术,并且可以利用在这些条件下一氧化氮的释放来减少再狭窄。
典型地,以如上讨论的适当形式提供沸石,然后装载一氧化氮,准备用于储存和以后使用。
粉末状的负载有一氧化氮的沸石可用于局部应用中,如用于伤口敷料,并且可以提供在用于伤口的绷带中,用于将一氧化氮释放到伤口中以帮助愈合。作为单块提供的沸石可以用于例如局部应用,或者例如,用于治疗严重便秘的栓剂中。
根据本发明的第三方面提供一种包含可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的沸石材料,其用于外科和/或治疗。
根据本发明的第四方面提供一种药物、保健(neutraceutical)或化妆品制剂,其包含含有可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的沸石材料以及药物/保健/化妆品载体。
本发明还提供包含可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的沸石材料的应用,用于制备在疾病治疗和预防中使用的药物。
可以治疗的疾病或医学病症包括皮肤感染,包括皮肤真菌、利什曼病、软疣和乳头瘤病毒,以及分支杆菌感染。更多的应用包括在抗肿瘤活性、免疫响应改变、雷诺病的治疗、伤口愈合和皮肤色素改变中的治疗应用。再有的应用包括治疗再狭窄(restonsis),牛皮癣和湿疹,以及皮肤癌(黑色素瘤)。其它细菌问题的治疗包括减少严重的脚臭和体臭问题,以及用于治疗甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌感染。
根据本发明的第六方面提供一种包含沸石材料的医疗物品。
医疗物品的沸石材料可以在其中没有负载一氧化氮的情况下提供,以在使用之前装载和/或储存医疗设备准备用于随后使用。
备选地,医疗物品的沸石材料可以以包含可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的沸石材料形式提供。
用于本发明的合适的医疗物品包括斯滕特固定模、导管、伤口敷料、绷带、自粘膏药和贴片。
可以将一氧化氮的有益性质有利地用于化妆品和个人卫生应用中。
根据本发明的第七方面提供含有可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的沸石在化妆品和/或个人卫生应用中的应用。
例如,本发明的含有可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的沸石可以用于:化妆品制剂;除臭剂;皮肤制剂,如抗衰老皮肤制剂,以及在刮去毛发或者使用脱毛剂之前、之中或之后使用的制剂;发用制品(hair preparations);脱毛剂等。
因此,作为第八方面,本发明还提供一种包含沸石的化妆和/或个人卫生产品,所述沸石包含可释放地吸附的一氧化氮。
作为第九方面,本发明还提供一种释放一氧化氮的方法,包括以下步骤:
(iii)提供含有可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的沸石材料;
(iv)将所述沸石材料与所述一氧化氮将要释放进去的介质接触。
这样的一氧化氮释放优选是以受控方式实现的,例如,通过提供合适的具有确定的受控释放曲线的沸石材料。
一氧化氮将要释放进入的介质可以简单地是围绕负载一氧化氮的沸石的空气,或者可以是例如水性介质。
释放可以在动物体内、局部向动物体进行,或者在非身体应用中进行,如释放到细胞培养物中。
释放可以在任何合适的温度下进行,但是室温或体温是优选的。
释放一氧化氮的方法可以应用于人或动物的治疗,因此,本发明还提供一种对需要治疗或预防的个体进行治疗或预防的方法,作为第十方面,该方法包括提供含有可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的沸石,并且将所述沸石和所述个体接触。
附图说明
图1显示了脱水Na-沸石-A的晶体结构;
图2显示的是根据实施例3的NO释放到大气中的释放曲线;
图3是显示根据实施例5的在不同时间下的NO释放到大气中的释放曲线的柱形图;
图4是显示根据实施例6的溶解的NO浓度的量的图;
图5显示的是根据实施例6的NO释放到氩气流中的释放曲线;
图6显示的是根据实施例7的NO从Co-和Mn-交换的沸石-A中释放的释放曲线;
图7显示的是根据实施例7的NO从Co-LTA(A)和Co-LTA(ZK-4)沸石中释放的释放曲线;
图8显示的根据实施例8进行的血小板聚集实验的血小板凝集计的时间响应图;和
图9a和9b是根据实施例9显示含NO的沸石的抗菌作用的细菌培养物的照片。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施方案是参考如下非限制性实施例描述的,其中:
实施例1、1a和1b描述了离子交换沸石的制备;
实施例2、2a和2b描述了负载一氧化氮的沸石的制备;
实施例3描述的是一氧化氮从负载一氧化氮的沸石释放到大气中;
实施例4描述的是一氧化氮从负载一氧化氮的沸石释放到溶液中;
实施例5描述的是一氧化氮从备选的负载一氧化氮的沸石释放到大气中;
实施例6描述了通过直接测量对溶液中的一氧化氮进行定量;
实施例7描述的是NO从Co-和Mn-交换的沸石-A释放到湿润和干燥氩气气氛中;
实施例8描述的是负载NO的沸石/PTFE盘对血小板聚集的抑制作用;和
实施例9描述了含NO的沸石的抗菌作用。
这些实施例以附图作为参考。
实施例1
离子交换沸石的制备
沸石的合成是本领域技术人员公知的,沸石的离子交换可以用标准方法进行(Plank等,美国专利No.3,140,249;Preparation,characterisation,andPerformance of Fe-ZSM-5 Catalysts R.Joyner和M.Stockenhuber,J.Phys.Chem.B.,1999,103,5963-5976)。然后将离子交换沸石在真空下脱水,除去其中的水。沸石的分析是通过元素分析、x射线衍射和光谱分析进行的。
实施例1a
下面描述制备脱水离子交换沸石的一个实施例。
将沸石(MFI,2g)放入0.05M的金属离子溶液(200ml,蒸馏水)中进行交换并且搅拌24小时。备选地,使用相同浓度,可以在无水条件下,在惰性气氛(氩气)中,用超声处理,使用甲醇作为溶剂进行交换。产物用过滤/离心方法回收。
可以改变金属离子溶液的浓度和交换的时间,以改变金属在沸石中的负载量。表1中给出了已经被装载到沸石中的不同金属离子的具体实例。
表1- 使用这种方法制备的离子交换沸石的元素组成。该表显示了从铁的非常低的交换直到铜的过交换的离子交换行为的范围。沸石的最初组成-(NH4)Z[AlZSi2-ZO4],其中z=0.13333(Si/Al=14)。
阳离子(M) 最后的Al/M比率
Fe3+ 17.82
Ni2+ 8.42
Co2+ 3.84
Cu2+ 1.50
实施例1b
沸石-A(三字母骨架代码LTA)是本领域技术人员熟知的材料,每年的生产量超过1M吨,用作洗涤剂增效助剂和水软化剂。沸石-A的结构(Pluth,J.J.& Smith,J.V.Accurate redetermination of crystal structure of dehydratedzeolite A.Absence of near zero coordination of sodium.Refinement of silicon,aluminium-ordered superstructure J.Am.Chem.Soc.,102,4704(1980)和Cheetham,A.K.,Eddy,M.M.,Jefferson,D.A.& Thomas,J.M.A study ofSi,Al ordering in thallium zeolite-a by powder neutron-diffraction Nature,299,24,(1982))由交替的SiO4和AlO4四面体组成,这些四面体共据各角,形成图1所示的开放骨架,可进行离子交换的阳离子驻留在该结构的通道中。在这种情况下,显示的可进行离子交换的阳离子是结合到骨架的氧原子上的并且可以容易被过渡金属离子交换的钠阳离子。为了清楚起见,只画出Al-O和Si-O键。图1中标记的结构如下:Si=1,Al=5,钠阳离子=10和氧原子=15。沸石-A以其和水的亲合力著称,在有机化学中经常被用来干燥溶剂(名为分子筛3A,4A或5A)。
沸石-A样品是按照以下方法合成的:Verified Syntheses of ZeoliticMaterials(Robson H.& Lillerud,K.P.Verified Syntheses of Zeolitic Materials(2nd Revised Edition)International Zeolite Association,(2001);www.iza-synthesis.org)。然后,使用如下的离子交换程序,用已知和一氧化氮强烈结合的各种过渡金属阳离子(Mn2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Co2+)置换如此制造(as-made)形式的钠金属阳离子,得到金属离子交换的沸石。典型地,将如此合成(as-synthesised)的沸石-A(5g)放入0.05M的金属乙酸盐溶液(400ml,蒸馏水)中,并且搅拌24小时。过滤回收产物,用蒸馏水(400ml)洗涤,并且在100℃下干燥过夜。使用Agilent 7500 Series ICP-MS光谱分析仪进行元素分析,测定沸石的化学组成。然后将过渡金属沸石A样品脱水。
实施例2
负载NO的沸石的制备
一氧化氮可以在原位制造,或者从气瓶引入。
实施例2a
下面给出制备负载NO的沸石的一个实施例。
在搅拌下用氩气鼓泡通过溶液,将1M抗坏血酸溶液(200ml)脱气。然后滴加已经充氩气30分钟的亚硝酸钠溶液(~5g)。用缓慢的氩气流运载产生的一氧化氮通过高表面积氢氧化钾以除去更高的氮氧化物,然后通过硫酸钙以干燥气流,之后让其流动通过离子交换沸石(例如Fe负载的MFI沸石~0.5g),最后通过起泡器。
然后将负载NO的沸石密封在容器内部,在Ar/NO气氛下储存(例如在室温下在密封的Schlenk管内部)直至需要时。所有沸石都可以使用相同的NO装载方法,与骨架类型和离子交换无关。
实施例2b
下面给出制备负载NO的沸石的另一实施例。
将按照实施例1b制备的离子交换沸石-A(~0.3g)在真空(0.5mmHg)下300℃脱水2小时。将其冷却到室温并且暴露于约3atm的一氧化氮/氦气混合气(10% NO,90% He)10分钟,抽空并再次暴露于3atm的一氧化氮。重复三次。
为了测量NO释放,将氩气流(或者是用水蒸汽饱和的,或者直接取自气瓶,5ml min-1)吹扫已知量的负载NO的沸石。然后将该气体鼓泡通过磷酸盐缓冲的盐水溶液(pH 7.4,10ml),该溶液中浸渍有预先校准过的一氧化氮电极(World Precision Instruments,ISO-NO Mark II)。测量NO浓度几个小时。所有实验均重复三次并得到可重复的结果。
实施例3
NO从负载NO的Fe-MFI沸石释放到大气中
使用所得到的气体的热重量分析外加质谱分析,研究一氧化氮从沸石质放出的温度依赖性。结果用曲线形式再现于图2中,该图显示的是重量损失曲线(线A)和NO在质谱仪中的离子电流-温度曲线(线B)。将负载NO的Fe-MFI沸石(0.010g)放入耦合到质谱仪上的Netzch热重量分析仪中。将该样品在空气流下以10°min-1的速度加热到300℃48小时,使用质谱分析放出的气体。得到的迹线显示NO释放量增加直至130℃,之后开始下降。但是在~180℃,出现NO生成的一个尖峰,这与沸石样品的相变(经差示扫描量热法证实)相符合。众所周知,单斜向斜方的相变出现在沸石MFI中。可以通过以下方法改变相变温度:仔细选择开始沸石中的硅和铝比率,控制离子交换的阳离子和数量,以及控制NO载量。因此,可以利用其性质来得到调节的NO释放,例如,将加热垫用于伤口愈合绷带-在低于相变温度的温度下,NO释放慢,而高于相变温度,则NO释放大大提高。图1显示了在180℃下的相变,但是有文献报道沸石MFI的相变温度低到-100℃(H Morell,K Angermund,A R Lewis,DH Brouwer,C A Fyfe,H Gies Structural investigation of Silicate-I loaded with n-hexane by X-raydiffraction,Si-29 MAS NMR,and molecular modeling.Chem.Mater.14,2192,2002)。精确的相变温度取决于沸石的组成和NO的载量。其它的沸石,如FER,也显示出可以用这种方式改变的相变。
实施例4
NO从负载NO的Fe-MFI沸石释放到溶液中
将Fe-MFI一氧化氮吸附的样品(0.013g)放入蒸馏水中(10.452ml),测试亚硝酸盐(Quantofix Nitrite Sticks),得到20mg/l NO2的阳性结果。测试蒸馏水样品中的亚硝酸盐(作为参比),结果为0mg/l NO2。亚硝酸盐是在溶液中通过NO与水和氧的反应而形成的,因此是测量溶液中NO的间接方法。
实施例5
NO从负载NO的Fe-ZSM-5释放到大气中
将少量负载NO的Fe-ZSM-5样品(0.010g)放入耦合到质谱仪上的Netzch热重量分析仪中。将该样品在空气流下加热到37℃ 48小时,用质谱分析放出的气体。得到的迹线显示NO在这些温度下从沸石缓慢地释放到大气中。图3显示了在循环中不同时间下从沸石释放的NO的曲线。柱形图显示了从负载NO的Fe-MFI释放的四种分子(H2O、NO、NO2和HNO2)的离子电流(获自质谱)-时间函数。清楚可见,在所有时间下NO在释放出的气体中都是最多的。
实施例6
使用一氧化氮电极通过直接测量对溶液中的NO进行定量。
本发明具体涉及NO在慢性伤口上的传递,因为动物模型已经证明NO的局部应用能够显著促进伤口闭合(Shabnai M.,Pulfer S.K.,Bulgran J.P.&Smith,D.J.Enhancement of wound repair with a topically applied nitricoxide-releasing polymer.Wound Rep.Regen.4,353,(1996)),并且有证据显示NO可以用于治疗糖尿病性溃疡(Witte,M.B.,Kiyama,T.& Barbul,A,Nitricoxide enhances experimental wound healing in diabetes Br.J.Surg.,89,1594,(2002))。为此,一个有用的模型是NO向潮湿气氛中的释放,该潮湿气氛和液相接触(磷酸盐缓冲的盐水pH 7.4)。然后使用一氧化氮电极测量被溶液吸收的一氧化氮的量。
World Precision Instruments ISO-NO Mark II一氧化氮电极是根据World Precision Instruments所述的程序用滴定方法校准的(ISO-NO Mark IIInstruction Manual,World Precision Instruments,2002)。将吸附有一氧化氮的金属离子交换的沸石转移到玻璃管中并且让潮湿氩气(5ml min-1)流经其上。然后引导该气流,使其鼓泡通过缓冲溶液(pH 7.4,37℃),所述缓冲溶液浸渍有一氧化氮电极。收集一氧化氮释放的数据,历时几小时。
图4显示了当如上所述地将三种负载NO的沸石样品暴露于潮湿氩气流时产生的溶解的一氧化氮浓度(未对沸石质量或离子交换程度进行归一化)。然后将气流鼓泡通过缓冲溶液,并且随时间测量一氧化氮浓度。该实验测量了溶液对一氧化氮的吸收,没有考虑未溶解在液体中的一氧化氮的损失。但是,对于一氧化氮不是直接释放到溶液中的许多推荐的应用(例如作为伤口愈合绷带),该实验模拟了比将一氧化氮直接释放到液体中更加接近的情况。
结果说明不同的负载一氧化氮的沸石材料以不同的方式释放NO。具有LTA结构的沸石相对快速地释放NO,而基于PHI骨架的沸石在长得多的时间上释放一氧化氮。值得注意的是,铜和铁离子交换的LTA沸石显示出类似的释放曲线。在所有情况下的结果的确表明,溶液中的一氧化氮浓度和在许多生物情况下发现的NO浓度具有类似的大小(纳摩尔到微摩尔浓度)。
图5显示的是对于和已经用水蒸气饱和的氩气流接触的许多过渡金属交换的沸石-A样品,使用一氧化氮电极,如上所述地测量的NO释放曲线。对照是未暴露于一氧化氮的Co2+-交换的沸石。电极响应结果已经被归一化至溶液中的NO浓度/mg沸石材料。从不同金属释放的NO多少的次序和压力摆动吸附研究中的过渡金属沸石的NO吸附性质很一致(Aria,H &Machida,M.Removal of NOx through sorption-desorption cycles over metaloxides and zeolites Catal.Today 22,97,(1994))。Co-交换的沸石释放的NO最多,而最初的钠形式的沸石释放的NO最少。值得注意的是,铜交换的沸石-A的结果似乎异常的低,但是,不愿拘于任何理论,据信这是因为沸石被过交换,在通道中有超过电荷平衡严格必需数量的铜离子。许多“额外的”铜离子可能以氢氧化物形式存在(Yahior,H.& Iwamoto M.Copperion-exchanged zeolite catalysts in deNO(x)reactions Appl.Catal.A.222,163,(2001)),从而降低了和NO配位的金属离子的可用性。
Mn2+和Ni2+交换的沸石的交迭可以显示金属离子在沸石-A中三种可能的骨架外阳离子位点之间的不同分布,其中一些可能比其它的更易被水取代。
还注意到,NO的释放是在相对较长的时间内(在图5中约10小时)发生的,如果存在较少的水蒸气,则释放发生的时间更长。
实施例7
向‘潮湿’和‘几乎干燥’氩气气氛中的Co-和Mn-交换的沸石A的NO释
放
图6显示了Co-和Mn-交换的沸石A将NO释放到‘湿’(水蒸气饱和的)和‘几乎干燥’氩气气氛中的释放曲线,在后一种情况下,在实验开始24小时后,沸石仍然放出可测量数量的一氧化氮。这显示出水在这些沸石释放NO机理中的重要性。
在‘湿’实验中,将氩气在和沸石接触前鼓泡通过热(80℃)的去离子水。在干燥实验中,氩气直接取自气瓶,并且用硫酸钙部分干燥。
沸石释放的一氧化氮的量似乎不仅依赖于存在何种过渡金属,而且还取决于具体金属的存在数量。沸石-ZK4是沸石-A的变体,它们具有相同的骨架结构,因此具有相同的骨架代码(LTA)。但是,当骨架中有铝时,沸石-ZK4中的可交换阳离子较少。这意味着通道中只有较少的金属阳离子位点来结合一氧化氮。从图7清楚可见,Co-交换的沸石-A比Co-交换的沸石ZK4释放更多的NO,这与ZK4结构中钴浓度减少相一致。
上述实验显示,对于诸如促进伤口愈合、治疗糖尿病性溃疡或预防细菌感染之类的应用,负载NO的沸石将一氧化氮传递到用于上述皮肤传递的潮湿气氛中的潜力。这些实验还说明NO传递的可控性质,其变化可以通过改变沸石结构中存在的过渡金属的类型和数量来实现。
实施例8
血小板聚集的抑制作用
对于例如在脉管嫁接中使用的接触血液的固体,以及冠状动脉分流术必需的体外造管用的材料,需要改善材料的生物相容性。如果和血液接触的材料引发血栓形成(血小板聚集并且附着),可能出现威胁生命的并发症(Keefer,L.K.Thwarting thrombus Nature Materials,2,357,(2003))。健全循环系统中有许多途径抑制血栓形成,包括由血管内侧的内皮细胞和血小板产生少量(约1pmol min-1mm-2)的NO。
用于减少术后并发症的一个潜在的重要策略是提供根据本发明的含有释放NO的沸石的医疗设备,从而模拟内皮细胞的作用。用以下方法制备机械稳定挤压圆盘形式的、以75∶25重量%和粉末状聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)混合的如上所述制备的Co-交换的沸石-A样品。
将沸石和PTFE以所需的比率(75%沸石:25% PTFE)磨碎。然后在2吨压力下施压30秒,将混合物压成圆盘(5mm,~20mg)。
然后以和粉末样品相同的方式将这些圆盘脱水并装载一氧化氮。只用暴露NO的PTEE制造的圆盘的测试显示没有一氧化氮的传递。将沸石/PTFE圆盘悬挂在位于37℃的血小板富集血浆(PRP)(制备方法如下)液面下的钢丝支架上,PRP放置在四通道血小板凝集计的比色皿中。在短暂温育(1分钟)后,开始血小板聚集,然后测量PRP的浊度(透光率)相对于血小板贫瘠血浆(PPP)空白的变化情况。在图8中以曲线形式描述的结果表明,当与没有加入沸石或PTFE的PRP对照(线1)比较时,负载NO的Co-交换的沸石-A/PTFE样品完全抑制了血小板聚集(线2),而没有负载NO的Co-交换的沸石/PTFE样品没有显示聚集抑制作用(线3)。该实验很好地说明了负载NO的沸石-A在生理溶液中抑制血栓的潜力,以及在医疗设备中使用这种沸石,例如当和诸如PTFE的聚合物共混时,作为释放NO组分的可能性。
血小板富集血浆的制备
从健康志愿者(年龄20-40)的肘前关节窝抽取静脉血到柠檬酸盐处理过的管中(0.38%终浓度)。志愿者在最近10天内没有使用已知影响血小板聚集的药物。通过离心(350g;20min;室温),从全血中获得血小板富集血浆(PRP)。通过进一步离心(1200g;5min;室温)获得血小板贫瘠血浆(PPP)。
实施例9
含NO的沸石的抗菌作用
将1到10mg之间的负载NO的钴交换的沸石-A粉末放在生长在琼脂上的细菌培养物(P.aureginosa和E.coli)的中心。测量24小时后杀死细菌的面积。含NO的沸石-A的效力比没有负载NO的C-沸石-A大约2到3倍。
图9a和9b显示了负载NO的Co-交换的沸石-A的抗菌效果,粉末克数20周围的暗区域25。亮区域30是活着的细菌培养物。使用的细菌是P.aureginosa(图9a)和E.Coli(图9b)。
总之,本发明显示了在生物和医疗应用的NO储存和释放中的应用。含有一氧化氮的沸石的制备和装载是相对容易的,并且当在无水条件下室温储存时,负载NO的沸石是稳定的。NO的传递通过和水的简单反应而发生,并且通过改变沸石结构中的金属阳离子的类型和数目,可以调节释放的一氧化氮的量。根据本发明的释放NO的沸石显示了在生理流体中对血小板聚集的抑制作用,这是在预防血栓中的一个潜在的重要应用。上述的实施例不应理解为对本发明范围的限制,而仅是其代表性的实施方案。对于本领域技术人员而言,实施本发明的其它方式是显然的。
Claims (19)
1.包含可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的部分或完全脱水的沸石材料在制备用于治疗或预防疾病或者医学病症的医疗产品中的应用,其中所述沸石材料在与湿气接触以后释放一氧化氮,
其中所述沸石具有如下通式(I):
[(M1n+)x/n(M2p+)y/p...(Mnq+)v/q][AlzSi2-zO4] (I)
其中M1和M2...Mn是以下元素的骨架外金属阳离子,所述的元素选自:Li、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Ru、Rh、Co、Ni、Zn和Ag;或者是选自小的有机阳离子N(R1)a(R2)b +,其中R1和R2独立地选自H、-CH3、-CH2CH3或-CH2CH2CH3,并且a和b独立地为0、1、2、3或4,以使a+b=4;
x为0至nz,
y为0至pz,且
v为0至qz,
前提条件是:x/n+y/p+...+v/q=z;其中
z是沸石骨架中被铝原子取代的硅原子的数目;
n+、p+和q+是骨架外金属阳离子的电荷,并且单独地取+1、+2或+3的值。
2.包含可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的部分或完全脱水的沸石在制备化妆品和/或个人卫生产品中的应用,其中在与湿气接触以后,释放一氧化氮,
其中所述沸石具有如下通式(I):
[(M1n+)x/n(M2p+)y/p...(Mnq+)v/q][AlzSi2-zO4] (I)
其中M1和M2...Mn是以下元素的骨架外金属阳离子,所述的元素选自:Li、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Ru、Rh、Co、Ni、Zn和Ag;或者是选自小的有机阳离子N(R1)a(R2)b +,其中R1和R2独立地选自H、-CH3、-CH2CH3或-CH2CH2CH3,并且a和b独立地为0、1、2、3或4,以使a+b=4;
x为0至nz,
y为0至pz,且
v为0至qz,
前提条件是:x/n+y/p+...+v/q=z;其中
z是沸石骨架中被铝原子取代的硅原子的数目;
n+、p+和q+是骨架外金属阳离子的电荷,并且单独地取+1、+2或+3的值。
3.根据权利要求1或2的应用,其中M1和/或M2是NH+ 4。
4.根据权利要求1或2的应用,其中所述沸石具有如下通式(II):
[(M1n+)x/n(M2P+)y/p][AlzSi2-zO4]
(II)
其中M1和M2是以下元素的骨架外金属阳离子,所述的元素选自:Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Ru、Rh、Co、Ni、Zn和Ag;或者是选自小的有机阳离子N(R1)a(R2)b +,其中R1和R2独立地选自H、-CH3、-CH2CH3或-CH2CH2CH3,并且a和b独立地为0、1、2、3或4,以使a+b=4;x为0至nz,且
y为0至pz,前提条件是:x/n+y/p=z;
其中
z是沸石骨架中被铝原子取代的硅原子的数目;
n+和p+是骨架外金属阳离子的电荷,并且单独地取+1、+2或+3的值。
5.根据权利要求1或2的应用,其中所述的沸石选自Ni-LTA(A)、Cu-LTA(A)、Co-LTA(A)、Mn-LTA(A)、Fe-LTA、Na-LTA(A)和Cu-PHI。
6.根据权利要求1或2的应用,其中所述的沸石是粉末或单块形式的。
7.根据权利要求6的应用,其中所述单块是通过挤压沸石粉或者通过将粉状沸石与粘合剂混合而形成的。
8.根据权利要求7的应用,其中所述粘合剂选自陶瓷粘合剂或聚合物粘合剂。
9.根据权利要求1或2的应用,其中所述沸石被密封在气密容器的内部。
10.根据权利要求1的应用,其中所述应用包括皮肤感染的治疗;抗肿瘤活性的治疗应用;免疫响应改变的治疗;雷诺病的治疗;伤口愈合;皮肤色素改变的治疗;再狭窄的治疗;牛皮癣、湿疹的治疗;细菌问题的治疗。
11.根据权利要求10的应用,其中所述皮肤感染包括皮肤真菌、利什曼病、软疣和乳头瘤病毒,以及分支杆菌感染。
12.根据权利要求10的应用,其中所述抗肿瘤活性包括皮肤癌。
13.根据权利要求12的应用,其中所述皮肤癌包括黑色素瘤。
14.根据权利要求10的应用,其中所述细菌问题包括严重的脚臭或体臭,以及甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌感染。
15.根据权利要求1的应用,其中所述医疗产品是选自斯滕特固定模、导管、伤口敷料、绷带、自粘膏药和贴片的医疗物品。
16.医疗、化妆品和/或个人卫生产品,其包含部分或完全脱水的沸石材料,所述沸石材料包含可释放地吸附的一氧化氮,其中所述沸石如权利要求1-15中任一项所定义。
17.一种释放一氧化氮的方法,包括以下步骤:
(i)提供含有可释放地吸附的一氧化氮的部分或完全脱水的沸石材料,其中所述沸石具有如下通式(I):
[(M1n+)x/n(M2p+)y/p...(Mnq+)v/q][AlzSi2-zO4] (I)
其中M1和M2...Mn是以下元素的骨架外金属阳离子,所述的元素选自:Li、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Ru、Rh、Co、Ni、Zn和Ag;或者是选自小的有机阳离子N(R1)a(R2)b +,其中R1和R2独立地选自H、-CH3、-CH2CH3或-CH2CH2CH3,并且a和b独立地为0、1、2、3或4,以使a+b=4;
x为0至nz,
y为0至pz,且
v为0至qz,
前提条件是:x/n+y/p+...+v/q=z;其中
z是沸石骨架中被铝原子取代的硅原子的数目;
n+、p+和q+是骨架外金属阳离子的电荷,并且单独地取+1、+2或+3的值;
(ii)将所述沸石材料与所述一氧化氮将要释放进去的水性介质接触,其中所述的释放是在非身体应用中进行的。
18.根据权利要求17的方法,其中所述的在非身体应用中的释放包括释放到细胞培养物中。
19.根据权利要求17或18的方法,其中所述的释放是在室温或体温下进行的。
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GB0315540.5 | 2003-07-03 | ||
GB0315540A GB0315540D0 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2003-07-03 | Delivery of nitric oxide |
GB0327222.6 | 2003-11-22 | ||
GB0327222A GB0327222D0 (en) | 2003-11-22 | 2003-11-22 | Delivery of nitric oxide II |
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MXPA05014212A (es) | 2006-08-11 |
EP1648826A1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
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US8722103B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
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EP1648826B1 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
CA2530811A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
PT1648826T (pt) | 2017-11-14 |
ES2645566T3 (es) | 2017-12-05 |
KR101336322B1 (ko) | 2013-12-03 |
US20100331968A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
US20060269620A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
EA200600164A1 (ru) | 2006-06-30 |
BRPI0412273B1 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
US9402862B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
CN101912412A (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
NZ545001A (en) | 2009-09-25 |
CA2530811C (en) | 2013-01-08 |
WO2005003032A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
KR101240640B1 (ko) | 2013-03-08 |
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IL172794A (en) | 2015-04-30 |
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JP4818108B2 (ja) | 2011-11-16 |
KR20120062026A (ko) | 2012-06-13 |
DK1648826T3 (en) | 2017-12-04 |
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