CN101914533B - 具有平端和3’修饰的干扰rna双链体 - Google Patents
具有平端和3’修饰的干扰rna双链体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101914533B CN101914533B CN2010101678324A CN201010167832A CN101914533B CN 101914533 B CN101914533 B CN 101914533B CN 2010101678324 A CN2010101678324 A CN 2010101678324A CN 201010167832 A CN201010167832 A CN 201010167832A CN 101914533 B CN101914533 B CN 101914533B
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Abstract
本发明涉及带有至少一个平端的双链RNA化合物,其中所述的双链RNA介导RNA干扰,并且其中所述的平端包含至少一个式(I)的3’末端:其中:X为O或S;R1和R2独立地为OH、NH2,SH、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基,其中烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基可由另外的杂原子和官能团取代,优选地由选自N、O、或S的杂原子或选自OH、NH2、SH、羧酸或酯的官能团取代;或者R1和R2可为式Y-Z,其中Y为O、N、S且Z为H、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基,其中烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基可由另外的杂原子取代,优选地由选自N、O、或S的杂原子取代。优选的3’末端修饰是磷酸酯、硫代磷酸酯、无碱基核糖核苷、羟丙基磷酸二酯。
Description
本申请是申请日为2004年8月27日的、发明名称为“具有平端和3’修饰的干扰RNA双链体”的中国专利申请200480024980.3(PCT/EP2004/009599)的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及使用双链RNA对靶基因选择性抑制并提供了对此目的有用的化合物。
发明背景
研究表明短RNA双链体是在许多体外和体内模型中介导RNA干扰的有效引导(Hamilton等人,1999,Zamore等人,2000,Caplen等人,2001,Elbashir等人,2001,Yang等人,2000)。
最通常的情况是将合成的siRNA双链体设计成例如两侧与每条链3’末端的2-3个不配对核苷酸(“突出端”)相连的19个相连核糖核苷酸碱基对的一段序列。发现此21nt的siRNA种类在哺乳动物和非哺乳动物系统内DICER介导的长双链RNA切割过程中产生(Bernstein等人,2001,Ketting等人,2001)。此特定21mer siRNA模式最初是从黑腹果蝇(drosophilamelanogaster)模型中选择出来的并且后来由于其功效而受到重视(Elbashir等人,2001)。因此,当今运用siRNA作为基因抑制物的研究依赖于这种“野生型”21mer siRNA的衍生物。突出端通常使用2’脱氧核苷酸,这尤其是因为成本的原因,并且也与抗细胞内核酸酶活性的潜在保护作用有关。
目前,本发明提供了双链RNA(“dsRNA”)介导RNAi的新的创造性的模式。根据本发明的平端siRNA克服了目前本领域所使用的具有3’突出端的合成siRNA的缺点。
发明简述
本发明提供了带有至少一个平端的双链RNA,其中所述的双链RNA 介导RNA干扰,并且其中所述的平端包含至少一个下式的3’末端:
其中
X为O或S;
R1和R2独立地为OH、NH2、SH、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基,其中烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基可由另外的杂原子和官能团取代,优选地由选自N、O或S的杂原子或选自OH、NH2、SH、羧酸或酯的官能团取代;
同样,R1和R2可为式Y-Z,其中Y为O、N、S并且Z为H、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基,其中烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基可由另外的杂原子取代,优选地由选自N、O或S的杂原子取代。
发明详述
本发明基于这样一个令人吃惊的发现,具有至少一个包含特定类型化学修饰平端的合成双链RNA(dsRNA)分子有效介导RNA干扰。由于其简化了合成步骤(例如使用通用固体载体),根据本发明的dsRNA对使用siRNA的高通量方法尤其有用。
在一个方面,本发明涉及具有至少一个平端的双链RNA,其中所述的双链RNA介导RNA干扰,并且其中所述的平端包含至少一个下式的3’末端:
其中
X为O或S;
R1和R2独立地为OH、NH2、SH、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基,其中烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基可由另外的杂原子和官能团取代,优选地由选自N、O或S的杂原子或选自OH、NH2、SH、羧酸或酯的官能团取代;
同样,R1和R2可为式Y-Z,其中Y为O、N、S并且Z为H、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基,其中烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基可由另外的杂原子取代,优选地由选自N、O或S的杂原子取代;
R1和R2也可形成环状结构,例如碳环或杂环,环结构优选地具有3-7个原子数。
在优选的实施方案中,Z为一个或多个无碱基核苷部分,优选为核糖核苷部分。核苷部分可通过例如磷酸二酯基或硫代磷酸酯基连接。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,R1为OH。在另一个优选的实施方案中,R1和R2共包含1-24个C原子,更优选地包含1-12个或2-10个,最优选地包含1-8个或2-6个。在另一个优选的实施方案中,R1和R2独立地为OH、低烷基、低芳基、低烷基芳基、低芳基烷基,其中低烷基、低芳基、低烷基芳基、低芳基烷基可由上述定义的另外的杂原子和官能团取代。在另一个优选的实施方案中,R1和R2不能同时是OH。
与有机基或化合物有关的术语“低”是指这样的化合物或基,其可为分支或不分支的,带有高达7个并包括7个碳原子,优选1-4个碳原子。低烷基代表例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基和支链戊基、正己基和支链己基。
在相关方面,本发明涉及具有至少一个平端的双链RNA,其中所述的双链RNA介导RNA干扰,并且其中所述的平端包含至少一个下式的3’末端:
其中R3为OH、NH2、SH、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基,其中烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基可由另外的杂原子取代,优选地由选自N、O或S的杂原子取代,并且R4独立地为烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基,其中烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基可由另外的杂原子取代,优选地由选自N、O或S的杂原子或选自OH、NH2、SH、羧酸或酯的官能团取代。R3和R4也可形成环状结构,例如碳环或杂环,环结构优选地具有3-7个原子数。R3和R4还可包含另外的杂原子,优选地包含选自N、O或S的杂原子。
在优选的实施方案中,R3为OH。在另一个优选的实施方案中,R3和R4分别共同包含1-24个C原子,优选地1-12个或2-10个,并且最优选地1-8个或2-6个。在另一个优选的实施方案中,R3为低烷基、低芳基、低烷基芳基、低芳基烷基,其中低烷基、低芳基、低烷基芳基、低芳基烷基可由上面定义的另外的杂原子和官能团取代,并且R4独立地为低烷基、低芳基、低烷基芳基、低芳基烷基,其中低烷基、低芳基、低烷基芳基、低芳基烷基可由上面定义的另外的杂原子和官能团取代。
在相关的方面,本发明涉及具有至少一个平端的双链RNA,其中所述的双链RNA介导RNA干扰,其中所述的平端包含至少一个下式的3’末端:
其中R5和R6相同或不同,并且为H、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基,其中烷基、芳基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基可由另外的杂原子取代,优选地由选自N,O或S的杂原子或选自OH、NH2、SH、羧酸或酯的官能团取代。R5和R6也可形成环状结构,例如碳环或杂环,环结构优选地具有3-7个原子数。R5和R6还可包含另外的杂原子,优选地包含选自N、O或S的杂原子。
在优选的实施方案中,R5和R6分别共同包含1-24个C原子,更优选 地包含1-12个或2-10个,并且最优选地包含1-6个或2-6个。在另一个优选的实施方案中,R5和R6独立地为低烷基、低芳基、低烷基芳基、低芳基烷基,其中低烷基、低芳基、低烷基芳基、低芳基烷基可由上面定义的另外的杂原子和官能团取代。在另一个实施方案中,R5和R6不能同时为H。
本发明的RNA分子具有至少一条包含式I、II或III的3’末端的链。优选地,双链RNA的两条链都包含这样的3’末端,该3’末端包含式I、II或III的基团。本发明的RNA分子还具有至少一个平端,优选地具有两个平端。在特别优选的实施方案中,本发明的RNA分子在两侧都为平端并且两端都包含式I、II或III的3’末端。
根据本发明的RNA分子至少具有部分的双链特征。在优选的实施方案中,其为完全的双链。它们可由两条单独的链组成,但是也可由形成发夹环的一条链组成。在特别优选的实施方案中,本发明的RNA分子由两条单独的链组成,其为包含至少一个平端、优选两个平端的完全的双链。
根据本发明的RNA分子介导RNA干扰(“RNAi”)。术语“RNAi”为本领域众所周知的并通常理解为是指通过具有与靶基因互补的区域的dsRNA抑制细胞中一个或多个靶基因。检测dsRNA介导RNAi的能力的多种测定法在本领域是已知的(见例如Elbashir等人,Methods 26(2002),199-213)。当与未用根据本发明的RNA分子处理的细胞相比时,根据本发明的dsRNA对基因表达的影响一般引起靶基因的表达受到至少10%、33%、50%、90%、95%或99%的抑制。
根据本发明的RNA分子包含与靶基因mRNA区域基本相同的双链区域。特别优选的为与靶基因相应序列具有100%同一性的区域。然而,与靶基因的相应区域相比此区域也可包含一个或两个错配。本发明包括作用于一个以上基因的RNA分子。在优选的实施方案中,本发明的RNA分子明确地靶向一个特定基因。为了能够仅靶向于目的mRNA,siRNA反应物应与靶mRNA具有100%的同源性并且与细胞或生物中所存在的所有其它基因具有至少2个错配核苷酸。分析和鉴定具有足够序列同一性以有效抑 制特异靶序列表达的dsRNA的方法是本领域已知的。序列同一性可通过本领域已知的序列比较和比对算法(见Gribskov和Devereux,SequenceAnalysis Primer,Stockton Press,1991和其中引用的参考文献)以及计算核苷酸序列间的差异百分比(通过例如在使用缺省参数的BESTFIT软件程序中执行的Smith-Waterman算法(例如,University of WisconsinGenetic Computing Group))来优化。影响RNAi反应物效率的另一个因素是靶基因的靶区域。可通过实验确定被RNAi反应物有效抑制的靶基因区域。最优选的mRNA靶区域将会是编码区。同样优选的为非翻译区,尤其是3’-UTR、剪接点。例如,为了此目的可进行如Elbashir S.M.等人,2001 EMBO J.,20,6877-6888所述的转染测定法。本领域存在大量其它的适宜测定法和方法,其为本领域技术人员所熟知。
根据本发明的RNA分子的互补区域的长度优选地为10-100个核苷酸,更优选地为15-50个核苷酸,甚至更优选地为17-30个核苷酸并且最优选地为19-25个核苷酸。在特别优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的RNA分子由短的dsRNA分子组成,这些分子长度为15-50个核苷酸,更优选地为17-30个核苷酸并且最优选地为19-25个核苷酸。
根据本发明的dsRNA的3’末端在血清中和用于细胞培养的培养基中具有高的体内稳定性。因此,根据本发明的dsRNA不需要本领域常见的额外的抗核酸酶降解的稳定性,所述的稳定性例如通过加入2个或3个脱氧核苷酸的3’突出端实现。然而,根据本发明的dsRNA也可包含至少一个经修饰的或非天然的核糖核苷酸。优选的修饰包括但不限于糖部分2’位置的修饰,如2’-O-(2-甲氧乙基)或2’-MOE(Martin等人,Helv.Chim.Acta,1995,78,486-504)即烷氧基烷氧基。其它优选的修饰包括主链修饰,这包括但不限于用例如硫代磷酸酯、手性硫代磷酸酯或二硫代磷酸酯替换与邻近核糖核苷酸相连的磷酸酯。经修饰或非天然核糖核苷酸的合成方法为本领域众所周知并可由本领域技术人员容易地获得。
可通过包括以下步骤的方法制备dsRNA分子:
(i)用例如实施例1所描述的TOM化学合成两条RNA链的每一条。合 成RNA链的其它方法为本领域技术人员非常了解的。反应可在溶液中或优选地在固相上或通过使用聚合物支持试剂进行。
(ii)在能介导RNA的dsRNA形成的条件下将所合成RNA链混合。
另一方面,本发明提供了抑制靶基因表达的方法,其包括向细胞中引入根据本发明的能通过RNAi抑制至少一个靶基因的dsRNA。同样,可同时或依次向细胞中引入一种以上的dsRNA,其中每一个对另外的靶区域是特异的。根据本发明的dsRNA可通过多种遗传工程的标准方法引入细胞中,其包括物理方法例如简单扩散、通过注射含有核酸的溶液、用核酸包裹的颗粒轰击、将细胞或生物体浸泡于核酸溶液中、存在核酸条件下的脂转染法或细胞膜电穿孔术。特别优选的递送核酸的方法是使用脂转染法。随后在RNAi发生的条件下维持培养细胞。熟练的技术人员很清楚将特定细胞维持培养在何条件下可以使RNAi发生。此种用于靶基因抑制的方法可用于治疗(例如敲低特定疾病中过量表达的基因)或研究(例如检测基因的功能或验证药物发现中的靶标)。在优选的实施方案中,通过此方法可完全消除基因的功能,即通过此方法可产生特定基因的敲除细胞。
细胞可为植物或动物细胞。在优选的实施方案中,细胞为哺乳动物细胞,更优选地为人类细胞。细胞的类型和来源对本发明不是关键,因此本发明包括例如内细胞团、胚外外胚层或胚胎干细胞、全能的或多能的、分裂的或非分裂的、实质或上皮、永生化的或经转化的等等来源的细胞。细胞可为干细胞或分化细胞。分化的细胞类型不限制性地包括脂肪细胞、成纤维细胞、肌细胞、心肌细胞、内皮、树突细胞、神经元、神经胶质、肥大细胞、血细胞和粒细胞(例如红细胞、巨核细胞(megakaryctes)、淋巴细胞如B细胞、T细胞和天然杀伤细胞、巨噬细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、血小板、粒细胞)、上皮细胞、角质形成细胞、软骨细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞、肝细胞和内分泌腺或外分泌腺细胞以及感觉细胞。
另一方面,根据本发明的dsRNA用于鉴定生物体中的基因功能,其中抑制了以前未知功能的靶基因的活性。为避免通过耗时费力的常规遗传 筛选来分离突变体,功能基因组学想通过利用根据本发明的dsRNA降低靶基因活性的数量和/或改变靶基因活性的时机来确定未表征基因的功能。根据本发明的dsRNA可用于确定潜在的药物靶标、理解发育相关的正常和病理事件、确定引起出生后发育/衰老的信号传导途径等等。从基因组来源和表达的基因来源(包括人类基因组)中获得核苷酸序列信息的速度的增加可与本发明一起确定哺乳动物系统中的基因功能,尤其是确定人类细胞培养系统中的基因功能。
将RNA轻松地引入含有靶基因的完整哺乳动物细胞允许根据本发明的靶基因抑制的方法用于高通量筛选法(HTS)中。例如包含根据本发明的能抑制特定靶基因的RNA分子的溶液可放在位于作为有序阵列的微量滴定板上的单个孔中。随后,可通过蛋白质组学、基因组学和标准分子生物学技术测定每一孔中完整细胞在行为或发育上任何的变化,这些变化是由于靶基因活性抑制造成的。因此,可通过基因活性受到抑制时其对细胞的影响测定靶基因的功能。
本发明不限于任何类型的靶基因或核苷酸序列。例如靶基因可为细胞基因、内源基因、病原体相关基因、病毒基因或癌基因。仅为描述目的列举了下列类别的可能靶基因并且不能将下列类别解释为限制性的:转录因子和发育基因(例如,粘附分子、细胞周期蛋白激酶抑制剂、Wnt家族成员、Pax家族成员、翼状螺旋(winged helix)家族成员、Hox家族成员、细胞因子/淋巴因子及其受体、生长/分化因子及其受体、神经递质及其受体)、癌基因(例如,ABLI、BCLI、BCL2、BCL6、CBFA2、CBL、CSFIR、ERBA、ERBB、ERBB2、ETSI、ETV6、FGR、FOS、FYN、HCR、HRAS、JUN、KRAS、LCK、LYN、MDM2、MLL、MYB、MYC、MYCLI、MYCN、NRAS、PIMI、PML、RET、SKP2、SRC、TALI、TCL3和YES)、肿瘤抑制基因(例如,APC、BRAI、BRCA2、CTMP、MADH4、MCC、NFI、NF2、RBI、TP53和WTI)和酶(例如,ACP去饱和酶和羟化酶、腺苷二磷酸葡糖焦磷酸化酶(ADP-glucose pyrophorylases)、ATP酶、醇脱氢酶、淀粉酶、淀粉葡糖苷酶、过氧化氢酶、环加氧酶、脱羧酶、糊精 酶、DNA和RNA聚合酶、牛乳糖苷酶、葡萄糖氧化酶、GTP酶、解旋酶、整合酶、胰岛素酶、转化酶、异构酶、激酶、乳糖酶、脂肪酶、脂肪加氧酶、溶菌酶、过氧化物酶、磷酸酶、磷脂酶、磷酸化酶、蛋白酶和肽酶、重组酶、逆转录酶、端粒酶、包括RNA和/或蛋白质成分,以及拓扑异构酶)。
抑制的靶标可为来源于任何病原体的基因。例如,基因可直接造成宿主的免疫抑制或者是病原体复制、病原体传播或感染维持所必需。可通过引入根据本发明的RNA靶向处理有风险受病原体感染的细胞或已经感染的细胞(如人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染、流行性感冒感染、疟疾、肝炎、变形体、巨细胞病毒、单纯性疱疹病毒和口蹄疫病毒感染的细胞)。靶基因可以是引起病原体进入其宿主、病原体和宿主对药物代谢、病原体基因组复制或整合、宿主中感染的建立或扩散或者下一代病原体装配的病原体基因或宿主基因。可以想到预防(即阻止或降低感染危险)以及降低感染相关症状的频率或严重性的方法。
另一方面,本发明还提供了鉴定和/或表征作用于至少一种靶蛋白的药剂的方法,其包括:使真核细胞(优选地是哺乳动物细胞,更优选地是能表达至少一种编码目的蛋白质的内源基因的人类细胞)与(a)至少一种根据本发明的dsRNA分子(其能抑制编码目的蛋白质的基因的表达)和(b)测试物质或一组测试物质(其中需要鉴定和/或表征该测试物质或该一组测试物质的药理学特性)接触。细胞可同时或依次与dsRNA和待测试化合物接触,细胞与dsRNA和化合物接触的顺序不是关键。在优选的实施方案中,细胞还包含至少一种编码目的蛋白质变体或突变形式的内源核酸,其中该内源核酸的表达较少受到所述dsRNA的抑制。
另一方面,本发明也提供了包含抑制细胞中靶基因表达的试剂的试剂盒,其中所述试剂盒包含根据本发明的dsRNA。试剂盒至少包含将根据本发明的dsRNA体外或体内引入测试样品或受试者所必需的试剂之一。在优选的实施方案中,此种试剂盒也包含详细说明试剂盒成分使用步骤的说明书。
本发明的另一方面提供了药物组合物和制剂,其包括能通过RNAi抑制至少一个靶基因的根据本发明的dsRNA。药物组合物还可以含包一种以上的dsRNA,其中每一个对另外的靶区域是特异的。本发明的药物组合物可以许多方式施用,这依赖于需要局部治疗还是全身治疗,还依赖于待治疗的区域。施用可以是局部的(包括经眼睛和粘膜包括阴道和直肠递送)、经肺例如通过吸入或吹入粉末或气溶胶(包括通过雾化器施用)、气管内、鼻内、表皮和经皮肤的)、经口腔或肠胃外施用。肠胃外施用包括静脉内、动脉内、皮下、腹膜内或肌内注射或输注;或者颅内施用例如鞘膜内施用或心室内施用。
本发明的组合物可配制成多种可能剂量形式中的任何一种,例如但不限于片剂、胶囊、液体糖浆、软凝胶、栓剂和灌肠剂。本发明的组合物也可制成水性基质、非水性基质或混合基质中的悬浮液。水性悬浮液还可包含增加悬浮液粘度的物质,其包括例如羧甲基纤维素钠、山梨醇和/或葡聚糖。悬浮液也可包含稳定剂。药物组合物可作为盐提供并且可与多种酸形成,所述酸包括但不限于盐酸、硫酸、乙酸、乳酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸等等。与相应游离碱形式相比,盐在水性溶剂或其它质子性溶剂中更易溶。在其它的情况中,优选的制剂是在使用前与缓冲液混合的冻干粉末,其可包含下列任何一种或全部:pH范围为4.5-5.5的1-50mM组氨酸、0.1%-2%蔗糖和2-7%甘露醇。
有效剂量的确定是本领域技术人员很容易做到的。可通过标准的药学过程在细胞培养和实验动物中确定治疗效果和毒性,例如ED50(在50%的群体中治疗有效的剂量)和LD50(50%的群体致死的剂量)。毒性和治疗效果间的剂量比例为治疗指数,并且其可表达为LD50/ED50比率。优选表现大治疗指数的药物组合物。从细胞培养测定法和动物研究获得的数据用于设计人类使用的一系列剂量。此类组合物含有的剂量优选地在循环浓度范围之内,其包括具有少许毒性或无毒性的ED50。剂量依赖于所用的剂量形式、患者的敏感性和施用途径在此范围内变化。依赖于施用途径,正常的剂量在0.1-100,000微克范围内变化,可达到的大约1g总剂量。文献中提供关于递送的特定剂量和方法的指导并且通常为本领域医生可获得。对于核苷酸,本领域技术人员会采用与蛋白质或其抑制剂不同的配方。类似地,多核苷酸或多肽的递送对于特定细胞、条件、位置等等是特异的。
下列实施例旨在阐明本发明,而不是进一步限制本发明。
图1显示利用表达大鼠P2X3嘌呤受体的CHO细胞比较不同mRNA抑制剂的相对活性。具有3’羟丙基磷酸核糖核苷酸的平端19bp siRNA在抑制P2X3mRNA中表现出与“野生型”21mer siRNA相同的效果。
图2显示设计以靶向中国仓鼠GAPDH mRNA的siRNA序列,21mer siRNA(2个脱氧核糖核苷酸突出端)和平端3’羟丙基磷酸siRNA(19-mer),以25-200nM的浓度转染到CHO细胞中后,中国仓鼠GAPDH mRNA水平下调。
图3显示设计以靶向于人GAPDH mRNA开放阅读框的平端siRNA和野生型siRNA以相同的靶标下调水平使Hela细胞中的人GAPDH沉默。
图4显示平端3’羟基和3’磷酸siRNA均在Hela细胞中引起与野生型21mer siRNA相似水平的对所靶向GAPDH mRNA的下调作用。
实施例1:
合成固体载体LM-17的过程
3-[双-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-苯基-甲氧基]-1-丙醇(LM-14)
于氩气环境下向溶于无水吡啶(20ml)的1,3-丙二醇(20ml,268mmol) 溶液中加入4,4’-二甲氧基三苯基氯甲烷(1.87g,5.4mmol)。室温搅拌10分钟后,将混合物倾到冰/水混合物上并用乙酸乙酯萃取(两次)。用水(两次)和盐水洗涤混合的有机相,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤和浓缩。通过柱层析(硅胶,洗脱剂:乙酸乙酯/己烷=1∶2)纯化所获得的棕色液体,得到1.56g(77%)作为微黄色油的LM-14。
琥珀酸单-{3-[双-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-苯基-甲氧基]-丙基}酯(LM-15)
于氩气环境下向溶于无水吡啶(5ml)的LM-14(250mg,0.69mmol)溶液中加入N,N-二甲氨基吡啶(45mg,0.37mmol)。加入琥珀酐(57mg,0.57mmol)之后室温搅拌混合物过夜。用乙酸乙酯稀释反应混合物并用盐水洗涤(3次)。有机相用硫酸钠干燥、过滤、浓缩,得到粗LM-15(536mg),其不经进一步纯化而用于后续步骤。
固体载体LM-17
于氩气环境下向溶于无水DMF(5ml)混合物中的粗LM-15(0.69mmol)溶液中加入吡啶(0.13ml)、4-硝基苯酚(143mg,1.0mmol)和N,N-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,156mg,0.76mmol)。室温搅拌黄色溶液2天,之后形成黄色的悬浮液。用硅藻土过滤之后在滤出液中加入氨基衍生的聚苯乙烯(457mg)。加入三乙胺(0.046ml)并且用机械瓶振荡器振荡混合物24小时。过滤混合物并且用DMF(5ml)、甲醇(5ml)和二乙醚(5ml)洗涤固体 载体两次,得到LM-17(453mg)。用0.1ml的溶于乙腈(100ml)的对甲苯磺酸(1.9g)处理释放出三苯甲基,对三苯甲基的定量(498nm处的吸收值)显示装截量为14μmol/g。
实施例2
1.寡核糖核苷酸(siRNA)的合成
使用标准TOM亚磷酰胺化学法在ABI394或Expedite/Moss合成仪(Applied Biosystems)上制备本发明所述的经修饰的合成寡核糖核苷酸。亚磷酰胺以0.05M的浓度溶于乙腈中(在OligoPilot II上为0.2M),通过0.2M溶于乙腈的苯并咪唑三氟甲基磺酸(benzimidazolium triflate)溶液活化亚磷酰胺完成偶联。偶联时间通常为3-6分钟。用标准的封端试剂完成初次封端。通过入0.1M溶于THF/吡啶/水(77∶20∶3)的碘溶液或0.5M溶于二氯甲烷的叔丁基羟基过氧化物(Fluka)氧化两分钟。氧化后进行二次封端。通过2%的溶于三氯甲烷或三氯乙烷中的二氯乙酸将寡核苷酸生长链进行脱三苯甲基作用用于下一步偶联。序列完成之后,切割下载体结合的化合物并且如“Trityl-on”一样通过甲胺溶液(41%水溶甲胺/33%乙醇溶甲胺1∶1 v/v)于35℃下6小时去保护。得到的悬浮液冻干至干燥。用1M氟化四丁胺在50℃处理10分钟并在35℃处理6小时去除2’-O-甲硅烷基。所获得的粗溶液通过RP-HPLC直接纯化。通过电喷雾质谱和毛细管凝胶电泳分析纯化的脱三苯甲基化合物并且通过UV根据其在260nM的消光系数定量。
寡核苷酸序列列于表1:
N:RNA,n:2’-甲氧基乙基核糖核苷,dN:脱氧核糖核苷,ab:无碱基核糖核苷,p:磷酸酯,s:硫代磷酸酯,C3:羟丙基磷酸二酯
实施例3
3.1材料和方法
材料:Oligofectamine和其它细胞培养试剂从Life Technologies,GibcoBRL(现在为Invitrogen,Gaithersburg,MD)获得。JetPEI购自Polyplus-Transfection(Illkirch,法国)。
细胞系:表达重组大鼠P2X3的稳定转染中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO-K1)(ATCC CCL61,美国典型培养物保藏中心,Rockville,MD)如所述(Hemmings等人,NAR 31(2003),2117-2126)建立。CHO细胞在5%CO2湿度培养箱中于添加有10%(v/v)FBS、2mM谷氨酰胺的极限必需培 养基(MEM-α)中培养。HeLa细胞在5%CO2湿度培养箱中于添加有10%(v/v)FBS、2mM谷氨酰胺的Dubelco’s改良必需培养基(DMEM 41965)中培养。
寡核苷酸合成:寡核糖核苷酸购自Qiagen或者如制造商(Qiagen)所述用TOM亚磷酰胺化学法合成并通过RP-HPLC纯化。在固体载体LM-17(载量:14μμmol/g)上合成3’-羟丙基磷酸寡核糖核苷酸。寡核苷酸链的延长、从固体载体上切割、去保护和纯化苷与具有两个脱氧核糖核苷酸作为3’突出端的21mer寡核糖核苷酸的过程相同。通过毛细管凝胶电泳评价纯度。通过UV根据260nM处的消光系数进行定量。如在别处所述(Elbashir等人,Methods 26(2002),199-213)进行双链RNA(dsRNA)的退火。本公布中所用的寡核苷酸序列列于表1并且通过电喷雾质谱进行表征。
细胞转染:如先前所描述,转染前即刻制备阳离子脂-寡核苷酸(Oligofectamine)和聚合物-寡核苷酸(jetPEI)混合物。在转染前18小时以每孔4x 104个细胞铺于24孔板中(对于CHO细胞每孔0.5ml MEM-α,而对于Hela细胞每孔0.5ml DMEM,两种培养基均添加有10%(v/v)FBS,2mM谷氨酰胺)。转染前,从细胞中去除生长培养基并用500μl OptiMEM和100μl转染试剂/寡核苷酸混合物代替。培养板在5%CO2湿度培养箱中于37°培养。4小时后,每孔加入60μl FBS,长时间培养20小时。
RNA收获和实时定量PCR的mRNA分析:用RNeasy 96试剂盒(Qiagen,Chatsworth,CA)并根据制造商的方法在转染寡核苷酸24小时后分离总RNA。RNA样品与逆转录酶Q-PCR mastermix试剂盒(Eurogentec)的试剂混合并且根据试剂盒所附带的方法进行逆转录。
3.2平端siRNA活性
表达大鼠P2X3嘌呤受体的CHO细胞系用于比较不同mRNA抑制剂的相对活性,所述mRNA抑制剂如第一代和第二代寡核苷酸(ASO)以及短的干扰RNA。线性的PEI用作“通用”转染试剂以便允许对这些多种基因表达抑制剂进行直接比较。siRNA序列选自先前表征的最佳ASO序列 (Dorn等人,Antisense & Nucleic Acid Drug Development 11(2001):165-174),将其设计成能够靶向于P2X3编码序列并已经表明在分子水平有效地且选择性地下调P2X3表达(如通过Q-RT-PCR、免疫检测和功能测定法所示)。作为阳性对照,我们使用了具有两个与靶互补的经2’-MOE修饰的突出端、由核苷间硫代磷酸酯键连接在一起的siRNA。然后我们合成了相应的19mer平端siRNA,以便在氨介导从固体载体切割下之后所释放化合物在其最后一个核糖核苷酸的3’位置保留羟丙基磷酸(hpp)基。
还合成了作为21mer siRNA(两个互补突出端)和平端19mer siRNA中间物的带有两个无碱基核苷突出端的序列同源21nt siRNA。此类非核苷突出端允许我们评价:在RNAi通路中并且更加具体而言在双链体的解旋过程中所涉及到的步骤之一是否绝对需要siRNA上的3’延长。
使用JetPEI以5的N/P比率将siRNA转染到CHO细胞中。转染后24小时通过RT-Q-PCR评价mRNA水平。如图2所示,在CHO细胞中检测到了GAPDH mRNA水平的降低,并且对于所有3种化合物而言下调的水平相当。具有3’羟丙基磷酸核糖核苷酸的平端19bp siRNA在抑制P2X3 mRNA中表现出与“野生型”21mer siRNA相同的效果。
我们现在对靶向于内源基因的siRNA应用类似形式的修饰,并且将其设计成以以下方式靶向于中国仓鼠GAPDH mRNA的siRNA序列,该方式即其仍然是特异的并且完全是人GAPDH基因的同系物。21mer siRNA(2个脱氧核糖核苷酸突出端)和平端3’羟丙基磷酸siRNA(19-mer)以25-200nM的浓度转染到CHO细胞中后,中国仓鼠GAPDH mRNA水平的RT-Q-PCR分析表明两种化合物使mRNA下调相当,但是在高浓度“野生型”siRNA的情况下,下调稍微更明显一些。然而,当以相同浓度用阳离子脂Oligofectamine转染时,两种化合物表现出完全相同的mRNA抑制。
总之,这些数据表明siRNA 3’末端的修饰或寡核苷酸突出端的存在对于其在CHO细胞中的干扰活性不是关键的。
3.3人类细胞中的平端siRNA活性
为在人类细胞中验证此初步结果,设计了靶向于人GAPDH mRNA开 放阅读框的siRNA序列。平端siRNA和野生型siRNA都以相同的靶标下调水平使Hela细胞中的人GAPDH沉默(图3)。
3.4平端siRNA的3’末端功能需求
由于已经在两种不同的哺乳动物细胞系中并且针对不同的靶标证明突出端的缺乏不损害所得到的平端siRNA的沉默活性,所以我们也评价了平端siRNA的第一个3’核糖核苷酸上的3’核糖核苷酸位置是否需要特异的化学部分以便使沉默过程最佳。
如图4所示,平端3’羟基和3’磷酸siRNA均在Hela细胞中引起与野生型21mer siRNA相似水平的所靶向GAPDH mRNA的下调,这与3nt的错配对照相比具有高度的选择性。
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Claims (15)
1.带有至少一个平端的双链RNA,其中所述的双链RNA介导RNA干扰,并且其中至少一个平端包含3’末端化学修饰,其中该化学修饰为羟丙基磷酸二酯。
2.权利要求1的双链RNA,其互补区的长度为19个核苷酸。
3.权利要求1的双链RNA,其中所述双链RNA包含两个平端。
4.权利要求3的双链RNA,其中所述双链RNA包含两个平端,且在两条链的3’末端均包含羟丙基磷酸二酯化学修饰。
5.权利要求1的双链RNA,其还包括至少一个含有2’-烷氧基烷氧基取代基的修饰的核糖核苷酸。
6.权利要求5的双链RNA,其中该2’-烷氧基烷氧基取代基为2’-O-(2-甲氧基乙基)。
7.根据权利要求1的双链RNA,其包含与靶基因互补的15-30个核苷酸的区域。
8.根据权利要求7的双链RNA,其包含与靶基因互补的19个核苷酸的区域。
9.权利要求1的双链RNA,其中所述双链RNA的互补区的长度为19个核苷酸,且所述双链RNA包含两个平端,且在两条链的3’末端均包含羟丙基磷酸二酯化学修饰。
10.抑制靶基因表达的体外方法,其包括向细胞中引入根据权利要求1-9任何一项的双链RNA。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中靶基因为病原体相关基因或癌基因。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中靶基因为病毒基因。
13.包含用于抑制细胞中靶基因表达的试剂的试剂盒,其中该试剂盒包含根据权利要求1-9任何一项的双链RNA和以足以抑制靶基因表达的量向细胞中引入所述双链RNA的工具。
14.药物组合物,其包含有效剂量的用于靶基因抑制的至少一种根据权利要求1-9任何一项的双链RNA。
15.根据权利要求1-9任何一项的双链RNA用于制备抑制靶基因的药物的用途。
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WO2002096927A3 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2003-02-20 | Ribozyme Pharm Inc | Ribozyme based treatment of female reproductive diseases |
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Frank Czauderna等.Structural variations and stabilising modifications of synthetic siRNAs in mammalian cells.《Nucleic Acids Research》.2003,第31卷(第11期),2705-2716. * |
MAKIKO HAMADA等.Effects on RNA Interference in Gene Expression (RNAi) in Cultured Mammalian Cells of Mismatches and the Introduction of Chemical Modifications at the 3"-Ends of siRNAs.《ANTISENSE AND NUCLEIC ACID DRUG DEVELOPMENT》.2004,第12卷301-309. * |
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