CN101905999B - Humic acid sustained and controlled release fertilizer and production method thereof - Google Patents
Humic acid sustained and controlled release fertilizer and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101905999B CN101905999B CN201010240083.3A CN201010240083A CN101905999B CN 101905999 B CN101905999 B CN 101905999B CN 201010240083 A CN201010240083 A CN 201010240083A CN 101905999 B CN101905999 B CN 101905999B
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Abstract
The invention provides humic acid sustained and controlled release fertilizer and a method for producing humic acidic ammonium and humic acid sodium used in the fertilizer, wherein the humic acidic ammonium and the humic acid sodium in the humic acid sustained and controlled release fertilizer are respectively 15-20 percent and 3-5 percent of the weight of the fertilizer. The sustained and controlled release fertilizer has the function of providing needed quick-acting nutrients for plants during the initial growth stage of plants as well as the function of sustaining and controlling the release of N, P2O5, K2O in the fertilizer in the process of growth of the plants, thereby being truly novel agricultural fertilizer with low carbon, environmental protection and efficiency. The disclosed method for producing the sustained and controlled release fertilizer dispenses with the auxiliary material, i.e. binding agent so as to ensure the weight-physical space of macroelements and organic mattes as well as pelleting quality, and can also ensure that the finished products are not hardened. The disclosed method for producing the humic acidic ammonium and the humic acid sodium does not discharge slag, thereby having no no pollution to the environmental; and the preparation method is simple and easy to be implemented, thereby being suitable for volume production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fertilizer production, more particularly to slow, release and release control fertilizer.
Background technology
China is that fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) maximum in the world produces and uses state, in recent years, and China's fertilizer industry development is swift and violent, and guarantee is provided for agricultural production in yield.But, it should be noted that, China is in same acreage under cultivation, and dose is the 150-200% in the U.S., is the 200-250% of Israel.By taking Wheat Production as an example：Same nutrient content (N, P2O5、K2O chemical fertilizer), is 100Kg in my every mu of administration quantity, and the U.S. is 50-75Kg, and Israel is 37.5-50Kg.Although causing the factor more than China's chemical fertilizer of simple substance amount of application to have a lot：For example, without really implementation farmland fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, the light organic fertilizer of weight chemical fertilizer, abuse chemical fertilizer of simple substance etc., soil hardening, salinization of soil are in turn resulted in, the living environment of soil beneficial organism is destroyed, fertilizer, water-holding capacity is stored poor, the reason such as pest and disease damage is serious, is largely remedied so can only lean on using chemical fertilizer.This means to save the situation can only continue to aggravate soil deterioration judging from the current situation, and not have any help to improving soil texture.In recent years, delay, release and release control fertilizer starts to develop in China.Slow, release and release control fertilizer, as the term suggests being exactly that can extend chemical fertilizer release time, slows down (resistance control) chemical fertilizer rate of release, to reach in the case where ensureing quality of agricultural product, improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, reduce a kind of chemical fertilizer of applying quantity of chemical fertilizer.Current slow, controlled release chemical fertilizer uses flocculant nitrification inhibitor, and the chemical raw material (not including bio-bacterial manure) of such as N-sever, AM, ATU class realizes the sustained release and controlled release of nutriment in chemical fertilizer.These delay, shortcomings of release and release control fertilizer are：1st, expensive, the slow of same nutrient, release and release control fertilizer per ton cost will be higher by non-slow, release and release control fertilizer 300-500 members, add peasant burden；2nd, chronic administration flocculant nitrification inhibitor class chemical substance is also a unknown number till now to soil, whether harmful environment.
The content of the invention
The problem of based in the presence of chemical fertilizer in the prior art and slow, controlled release chemical fertilizer, the invention provides two kinds of humic acid sustained, release and release control fertilizers, a kind of humic acid sustained, release and release control fertilizer provided in the present invention includes N, P2O5、K2O, ammonium humate and sodium humate, each component content is respectively：N+P2O5+K2O >=25%, ammonium humate：15-20%, sodium humate：3-5%.At this it should be noted that percentage composition listed in the present invention is weight percentage.
Another humic acid sustained, release and release control fertilizer provided in the present invention includes N, P2O5、K2O, organic matter, ammonium humate and sodium humate, each component content is respectively：N+P2O5+K2O >=20%, organic matter >=20%, ammonium humate：15-20%, sodium humate：3-5%.
Further, make the sodium humate and the raw material used in ammonium humate is：Light lignite, oxidation lignite --- humic acid content >=40%, calcium, magnesium ion content≤3%, the content of organic matter >=40% and weathered coal --- humic acid content >=55%, calcium, magnesium ion content≤3%, the content of organic matter >=70%.
A kind of humic acid sustained, release and release control fertilizer production method, comprises the following steps：
A. by ammonium humate, sodium humate, N, P2O5、K2After O and organic matter are weighed according to setting ratio, mixer mixing is added；
B. mixed mixed material will be walked through a to add in pelleting main machine, and presses 3-5m simultaneously3/ h speed adds water vapour, by 0.1-0.2m3/ h speed adds the sodium metasilicate (Na that concentration is 0.3%2sio3) solution；
C. after being granulated through pelleting main machine, granular feedstock is dried by drying machine；Into cooler cooling, last screened machine screening meets setting specification --- and particle diameter 1-4.7mm finished particle just dispatches from the factory as finished product；
D. after the screening machine screening in being walked through c, bulky grain against regulation --- particle diameter is more than 4.7mm and crushed into pulverizer, and by the bulky grain after crushing and the powder branched away from sifted --- particle diameter is less than 1mm, is delivered to pelleting main machine by conveyer together.
Further, in the step C, it is dried by drying machine, its drying time is 45min, drying temperature is 200-250 DEG C；Cooled down subsequently into cooler, the cool time of the cooling is 40min, and temperature of charge is less than 50 DEG C after cooling.
A kind of production method of sodium humate, comprises the following steps：
A. humic acid material is sent into winnowing machine and carries out selection by winnowing, and humic acid of the fineness less than 80 mesh will be obtained after selection by winnowing and send into subsequent processing；
B. the feedstock transportation after walking selection by winnowing through a enters thermal agitation reactor, while adding NaOH, Na2CO3And water；Ratio between four is humic acid: NaOH: Na2CO3: water=1: 0.07: 0.01: 1, keep 60-80 DEG C of temperature of charge to stir 1 hour, reach and be sufficiently mixed；
C. after thermal agitation reactor is sufficiently stirred for, it is 25%, ph values 7.5-8.6 finished product sodium humate to obtain water content.
A kind of production method of ammonium humate, comprises the following steps：
Humic acid material is sent into winnowing machine and carries out selection by winnowing by a, and humic acid feeding subsequent processing of the fineness less than 80 mesh will be obtained after selection by winnowing；
Feedstock transportation after b walks selection by winnowing through a enters thermal agitation reactor, while adding ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH4HCO3) and water, the ratio between three is humic acid: ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH4HCO3): water=1: 0.8: 1, keep 60-80 DEG C of temperature of charge to stir 1 hour；
Feedstock transportation after thermal agitation reactor is sufficiently stirred for 1 hour is entered to be incubated aging bunker by c, under conditions of temperature is 28-40 DEG C, and finished product ammonium humate of the water content for 25%, ph values 8.0-11.0 is obtained by the ageing of 72-100 hours.
This slow, release and release control fertilizer can at plant growth initial stage needed for it is provided " quick-acting " nutrient, again can be to N, P in fertilizer2O5、K2O plays slow-release controlled-release effect in growing process.Particularly sodium humate is a kind of water-loss reducer in itself, the effect with water conservation (accumulation moisture), the effect with drought resisting again simultaneously of this slow, release and release control fertilizer.It is cheap because the raw material in this slow, release and release control fertilizer easily takes extensively, it is the natural macromolecular organic substance formed by plant debris, it is beneficial to soil, more beneficial is bred to Soil Microorganism, and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, real category low-carbon, environmental protection, efficient novel agricultural fertilizer can be improved.
Using disclosed in this invention slow, release and release control fertilizer production method, be not required to addition auxiliary material " adhesive ", to ensure weight-physical space of a great number of elements and organic matter, and ensure that granulation quality and finished product be not hardened.
In addition, disclosed in this invention ammonium humate, sodium humate production method discharged without residue, so do not result in pollution to environment, and preparation method is simple and easy to apply, is adapted to produce in batches.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is sustained and controlled release chemical fertilizer flow sheet；
Fig. 2 is the flow sheet of ammonium humate；
Fig. 3 is the flow sheet of sodium humate.
Embodiment
Humic acid (Humic Acid, write a Chinese character in simplified form HA) is the remains of animals and plants remains, mainly plant, by the decomposition and conversion of microorganism, and a series of chemical process and the type organic matter accumulated.It is the polymeric organic acid being made up of aromatic series and its a variety of functional groups, with the function such as good physiologically active and absorption, complexing, exchange.It is widely present in soil, lake, river, ocean and peat (also known as turf), lignite, weathered coal.
Slow, release and release control fertilizer the primary raw material selected in the present invention is that currently can not arrange the natural macromolecular amount organic substance that molecule is, ammonium humate (NHHA) and sodium humate (NaHA) still.
Generation ammonium humate (NHHA) reaction equation be：
Institute's Nitrogen element is available nitrogen wherein in ammonium humate, is the high-quality nitrogen source for supplying growth of seedling.Ammonium humate, which also has in improved soil, fixed nitrogen, activating soil, simultaneously fixes the effect such as phosphorus, the function of potassium and disease and insect resistance.
Generation sodium humate reaction equation be：
R-(COOH)n+nNaOH→R-(COONa)n+n H2O→1
R-(COO)n+Gan/z+n/2Na2CO3→R-(COONa)n+n/2CaCO3→2
The mechanism that sodium humate is mainly acted on using " stimulation " of itself, makes the functional groups such as its phenol alkyl, quinonyl, take part in the oxidation-reduction process in plant.The mutual conversion of " phenol " and " quinone ", is both the activator of oxygen, is the carrier of hydrogen again, improve plant vivo oxidation reduction potential, strengthen the respiration of plant, seem more prominent under anaerobic environment；Sodium humate is a kind of water-loss reducer in itself, the effect with water conservation (accumulation moisture).
Slow, controlled release raw material chemism, the bioactivity selected in the present invention are relatively strong, with light lignite, oxidation lignite：Humic acid content >=40%, calcium, magnesium ion content≤3%, the content of organic matter >=40%, and weathered coal：Humic acid content >=55%, calcium, magnesium ion content≤3%, based on the content of organic matter >=70%.Tables 1 and 2 is the ammonium humate and the quality index of sodium humate needed for producing slow, release and release control fertilizer, and ammonium humate and sodium humate must reach that quality index listed in table can ensure the made slow, synergistic effect of release and release control fertilizer.
The ammonium humate product quality indicator of table 1
| Index name | Primes | Seconds | Certified products |
| Humic acid (butt) % >= | 70 | 55 | 40 |
| Moisture %≤ | 10 | 15 | 15 |
| Ignition residue (butt) %≤ | 20 | 30 | 40 |
| Water-insoluble (butt) %≤ | 10 | 15 | 25 |
| PH value | 8.0~9.5 | 9.0~11.0 | 9.0~11.0 |
| Mesh number (80 mesh sieve) oversize %≤ | 10 | 10 | 10 |
The sodium humate product quality indicator of table 2
| Index name | % |
| Fulvo acid (butt) | ≥15 |
| Available nitrogen | ≥4 |
| Moisture content (applies base) | ≤35 |
| Free humic acid | ≥40 |
| Mesh number (80 mesh sieve) oversize | ≤10 |
The ammonium humate quality requirement added in slow, release and release control fertilizer in the present invention sees attached list 1, and addition is 15-20%, and the sodium humate quality requirement of addition sees attached list 2, and addition is 3-5%.
The product (1) being made delays, controlled release compound (conjunction) fertilizer：The N+P wherein contained2O5+K2O >=25% (performs GB15063-2009 standards).
Product (2) is slow, controlled release organic-inorganic complex fertilizer：The N+P wherein contained2O5+K2O >=20%, the content of organic matter >=20% (performs GB18877-2006 standards).
The selection of product raw material, ammonium humate, sodium humate control of product quality, add compound (conjunction) fertilizer, (ratio) of organic-inorganic complex fertilizer, can material fineness, the degree that stirs, the water content of fertilizer product reach standard requirement, be the core of the present invention.
Ammonium humate, sodium humate quality should meet technical indicator listed in Tables 1 and 2；Other various raw materials, such as N P and K raw material, should meet its corresponding national standard, because its slow, controlled-release function with fertilizer of the present invention is without direct correlation, no longer list one by one.
Institute's Nitrogen element is available nitrogen in ammonium humate, is the high-quality nitrogen source for supplying growth of seedling.Ammonium humate also has the effects such as improved soil, fixed nitrogen, activation phosphorus, the function of potassium and disease and insect resistance simultaneously；The functional groups such as phenol alkyl, quinonyl in sodium humate, take part in the oxidation-reduction process in plant.The mutual conversion of " phenol " and " quinone ", is both the activator of oxygen, is the carrier of hydrogen again, improve plant vivo oxidation reduction, strengthen the respiration of plant, seem more prominent under anaerobic environment.Sodium humate is a kind of water-loss reducer in itself, the effect with water conservation (accumulation moisture).Ammonium humate and sodium humate collective effect, fixed nitrogen, activation phosphorus, potassium, water conservation --- the nitrogen in control fertilizer is not leached, will not permeated the ground with water, phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) element is not converted, fixed, and keeps moisture not evaporated largely rapidly, so as to reach slow, controlled release nutrients effects.
For example：Organic-inorganic complex fertilizer (the N+P being made of this method2O5+ K2O >=30%, the content of organic matter >=20%), fertilizer efficiency period is up to 180 days (compound fertilizer fertilizer efficiency period 90 days, chemical fertilizer of simple substance 60 days), improves plant recovery of nutrient 50%.After the administration of Jilin Province Lishu County maize planting, 2000 jin of per mu yield, (1700 jin of compound fertilizer per mu yield, 1500 jin of chemical fertilizer of simple substance per mu yield) volume increase 17.6%.
Shown in Fig. 1 be delay, the production method of controlled release chemical fertilizer, specifically include following steps：
A, by ammonium humate, sodium humate, N, P2O5、K2After O and organic matter are weighed according to setting ratio, mixer mixing is added；
B, mixed mixed material will be walked through a add in pelleting main machine, and addition water vapour and sodium metasilicate (Na simultaneously2sio3)；The adding speed of wherein water vapour is：3-5m3/h；Sodium metasilicate (the Na dosed2sio3) solution concentration is 0.3%, its adding speed is：0.1-0.2m3/h；
C, granulated through pelleting main machine after, granular feedstock is dried by drying machine, drying temperature be 200-250 DEG C, drying time is 45min；Then feedstock transportation is entered in cooler to be cooled down, cool time is that temperature of charge should be less than 50 DEG C after 40min, cooling, last screened machine screening meets setting specification --- particle diameter will be dispatched from the factory as finished product in the range of 1-4.7mm；
D, walked through c in screening machine screening after, bulky grain wherein against regulation --- particle diameter is more than 4.7mm and crushed into pulverizer, and by the bulky grain after crushing and the powder branched away from sifted --- particle diameter is less than 1mm, pelleting main machine is delivered to by conveyer together, granulated again as raw material.
The production of sodium humate：
It is the production method of sodium humate, i.e. " dry method not deslagging sodium humate production technology " schematic flow sheet shown in Fig. 2, specifically includes following steps：
A, by humic acid material be sent into winnowing machine carry out selection by winnowing, and will be obtained after selection by winnowing fineness less than 80 mesh humic acid feeding subsequent processing；
B, the feedstock transportation after a step selection by winnowing enter thermal agitation reactor, while adding NaOH, Na2CO3And water, the ratio between four is humic acid: NaOH: Na2CO3: water=1: 0.07: 0.01: 1；60-80 DEG C of temperature of charge is kept, stirs 1 hour, is sufficiently stirred for raw material；
C, after thermal agitation reactor is sufficiently stirred for 1 hour, obtain water content for 25%, ph values 7.5-8.6 finished product sodium humate.
The production of ammonium humate：
The production method for ammonium humate shown in Fig. 3, i.e., direct ammoniation process production ammonium humate, comprises the following steps：
A, by humic acid material be sent into winnowing machine carry out selection by winnowing, and will be obtained after selection by winnowing fineness less than 80 mesh humic acid feeding subsequent processing；
B, the feedstock transportation after a step selection by winnowing enter thermal agitation reactor, while adding ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH4HCO3) and water, the ratio of three is humic acid: ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH4HCO3): water=1: 0.8: 1,60-80 DEG C of temperature of charge is kept, stirs 1 hour, is sufficiently stirred for raw material；
C, the feedstock transportation after thermal agitation reactor is sufficiently stirred for 1 hour entered to be incubated aging bunker, maintained the temperature in the range of 28-40 DEG C, by the ageing of 72-100 hours, it was 25%, ph values 8.0-11.0 finished product ammonium humate to obtain water content.
Sodium humate, the humic acid potassium being made through the above method, reaction are abundant, simple and easy to apply without residue, preparation method, are adapted to batch production.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of humic acid sustained, release and release control fertilizer production method, the fertilizer includes N, P2O5、K2O, organic matter, ammonium humate and sodium humate, each component content is respectively：N+P2O5+K2O >=20%, organic matter >=20%, ammonium humate：15-20%, sodium humate：3-5%, it is characterized in that, the production method comprises the following steps：
A. by ammonium humate, sodium humate, N, P2O5、K2After O and organic matter are weighed according to setting ratio, mixer mixing is added；
B. mixed mixed material will be walked through a to add in pelleting main machine, and 3-5m is pressed in addition simultaneously3/ h speed adds water vapour and 0.1-0.2m3/ h speed adds weight than the sodium metasilicate Na for 0.3%2SiO3Solution；
C. after being granulated through pelleting main machine, granular feedstock is dried by drying machine；Subsequently into cooler cooling, last screened machine screening meets setting specification：Particle diameter：1-4.7mm finished particle just dispatches from the factory as finished product；
D. after the screening machine screening in being walked through c, bulky grain against regulation --- particle diameter is more than 4.7mm and crushed into pulverizer, and by the bulky grain after crushing and the powder branched away from sifted --- particle diameter is less than 1mm, is delivered to pelleting main machine by conveyer together.
2. the slow, production method of release and release control fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step C, it is dried by drying machine, its drying time is 45min, drying temperature is 200-250 DEG C；The cool time of the cooling is 40min, and temperature of charge is less than 50 DEG C after cooling.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102964162A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-03-13 | 广州新农科肥业科技有限公司 | Pelleting method of compound fertilizer |
| CN104151100A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-11-19 | 安徽辉隆集团五禾生态肥业有限公司 | Production method for adding humic acid and sodium silicate into compound fertilizer |
| CN104151099A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-11-19 | 安徽辉隆集团五禾生态肥业有限公司 | Production method of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer with humic acid and sodium silicate |
| CN104355783A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2015-02-18 | 山西晋丰煤化工有限责任公司 | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN106146137B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2020-01-14 | 辽宁东萌肥业科技有限公司 | Drought-resistant water-retention long-acting organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106146223B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2020-01-17 | 辽宁东萌肥业科技有限公司 | Drought-resistant water-retention organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106242645A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-12-21 | 彭亮 | A kind of preparation method of fulvo acid ammonium |
| CN106220255A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-12-14 | 彭亮 | A kind of preparation method of fulvo acid sodium |
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| CN1990432A (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-04 | 郭宗恒 | Processing method for humic acidic ammonium complex blending fertilizer |
| CN101041600A (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2007-09-26 | 阴高鹏 | Humic acid composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101747102A (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-06-23 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Dedicated fertilizer for producing green corn and preparation and application method thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1990432A (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-04 | 郭宗恒 | Processing method for humic acidic ammonium complex blending fertilizer |
| CN101041600A (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2007-09-26 | 阴高鹏 | Humic acid composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN101747102A (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-06-23 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Dedicated fertilizer for producing green corn and preparation and application method thereof |
| CN101607844A (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2009-12-23 | 牛俊文 | Contain humic acids concentrated liquid compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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