CN101876449B - Method of controlling oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace - Google Patents
Method of controlling oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN101876449B CN101876449B CN2009102728012A CN200910272801A CN101876449B CN 101876449 B CN101876449 B CN 101876449B CN 2009102728012 A CN2009102728012 A CN 2009102728012A CN 200910272801 A CN200910272801 A CN 200910272801A CN 101876449 B CN101876449 B CN 101876449B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of controlling oxygen air-flowing environment in a heating furnace, which belongs to the field of metal smelting. the method comprises the steps of: computing waste oxygen errors and micro components to time according to a waste oxygen target value and actual waste oxygen of each segment in the heating furnace, outputting the waste oxygen errors and the micro components to time to a waste oxygen fuzzy controller; computing an air overflow rate compensating value of each segment according to output control amount to participate in the adjustment of air and fuel amount in each burning loop; and computing the air and fuel amount required to be added in each segment in the heating furnace according to the differences between the set air and fuel flow and the actual air and fuel flow. The invention has the advantages of obviously reducing control lag caused by the lag of oxygen detection, making technical personnel accurately know characteristics of the air-flowing environment in each segment in the heating furnace in real time as well as improving the control efficiency, and increasing the transparency and the controllability of the technique process of the heating furnace.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of controlling gas oxygen content in the process furnace, particularly relate to a kind of control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace.
Background technology
Steel billet is the heating of differing temps section in high-temperature heater, reaches the homogeneous temp distribution according to processing requirement except making heated steel billet, and the proportioning of rational control air and fuel also is very important link in heat-processed.
Participating in the incendiary air capacity describes with coefficient of excess air μ usually.μ is the ratio of amount of actual air for combustion and theoretical air requirement.The value of μ is relevant with factors such as fuel type, combustion unit form and combustion conditionss in actual production process.According to excess oxygen content in the products of combustion what, can divide into strong oxidizing atmosphere and weak oxide atmosphere.The former excess oxygen content is 8～10%; Latter's excess oxygen content is 2～5%.
When μ greater than 1.10 the time, residual air capacity is too high in the stove, can produce a large amount of iron scales at billet surface, aggravate scaling loss.Excessive flue gas causes a large amount of heat energy to run off in discharge process simultaneously.In addition, in combustion processes, oxynitride such as the nitrogen peroxide NO2 that excessive oxygen and 2 reactions of airborne nitrogen N generate, nitrogen protoxide NO will cause environmental pollution with fume emission.Suck too much oxynitride and can cause people's nerve, skin damage.The air capacity that adds is crossed at least and can be made non-complete combustion of fuel again, produces black smoke dirt, generates free charcoal and carbon monoxide CO gas etc., polluted air.
The oxygen level of each section in the control stove, with the excess air of minimum reach fuel abundant burning, be that low oxygen combustion can effectively reduce exhaust gas volumn, reduce fuel consumption.Simultaneously, low oxygen combustion can also reduce the generation of oxynitride and objectionable impuritiess such as black smoke, carbon monoxide CO.Therefore, science, accurately air-fuel ratio being set, is to reach best combustion control, improves the steel heating quality, reduces topsoil, the important means of improving the ecological environment.
At present, in smelting and heating thermal technology industry control process, all be employed near furnace wall of stove tail preheating section downward-flow flue afterwards or the walling of flue gas oxygen content analyzer is installed, revise the combustion air amount in the stove according to oxygen amount data in this detection.This control method can be controlled the air total amount of adding to a certain extent.But this side can't accurately control each stove section and participate in the incendiary air capacity, might cause different stove section oxygen-excess combustions and the simultaneous situation of oxygen debt burning in the stove.In addition, this kind oxygen amount detects and has bigger hysteresis; Simultaneously, also there is very big time stickiness in conventional control method, can't in time reconcile the air add-on of each section in the process furnace.
Summary of the invention
Because the control method that adopts at present can only be controlled the air total amount in the process furnace; And can't accurately regulate this section participation incendiary air capacity to the residual oxygen level of each stove section; And the oxygen amount detects and has bigger hysteresis; Might cause that different stove section oxygen-excess combustions and oxygen debt burning exist simultaneously in the stove, thereby also diminish the heating quality of steel.For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention proposes a kind of control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace.Said technical scheme is following:
The control method of a kind of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Steps A: set up each section remaining oxygen control model and remaining oxygen target value in the process furnace, detect the actual remaining oxygen of each section in the process furnace simultaneously;
Actual remaining oxygen through each section in each section remaining oxygen target value in the said process furnace and the said process furnace calculates remaining oxygen deviation and time differential amount thereof, and with its input remaining oxygen fuzzy controller;
Utilization calculates each section excess air ratio compensating value from the manipulated variable of said remaining oxygen fuzzy controller output;
Step B: detect the furnace temperature and the furnace pressure of each section in the said process furnace, calculate setting air flow and setting fuel flow under said furnace temperature and furnace pressure condition;
Detect the actual air flow and the natural fuel flow of each section in the said process furnace;
Setting air flow and actual air flow compared obtain difference, will set fuel flow and the natural fuel flow compares, obtain difference;
Step C: calculate air flow quantity and the fuel flow that needs inject each section in the process furnace according to the difference of said setting air flow and actual air flow, the difference of setting fuel flow and natural fuel flow and said each section excess air ratio compensating value.
The control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace of the present invention; In said steps A; Said remaining oxygen fuzzy controller is according to the fuzzy control rule of each section remaining oxygen control modelling remaining oxygen in the process furnace with excess air ratio, and through said fuzzy control rule being optimized back acquisition fuzzy control table.
The control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace of the present invention in said step C, is utilized said each section excess air ratio compensating value to regulate the air-fuel ratio of each section of process furnace, and then is calculated air flow quantity and the fuel flow that needs to inject each section of process furnace.
The control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace of the present invention; Said method also comprises step D: total remaining oxygen fuzzy controller in the process furnace is set; Detect the total remaining oxygen of flue gas and the pace of change thereof of heating-furnace tail; It is imported said total remaining oxygen fuzzy controller; Through calculating total excess air ratio compensating value in the output process furnace, obtain the amplitude limit value of said each section of process furnace excess air ratio compensating value according to total remaining oxygen control model in total excess air ratio compensating value and the process furnace in the said process furnace, the remaining oxygen fuzzy controller that said amplitude limit value is input to each section of process furnace is as its input constraint.
The beneficial effect of technical scheme provided by the invention is: owing to set up oxygen amount control model in the stove, thereby the quantitative relationship of accurate different residual oxygen levels of stove section flue gas and excess air ratio.Simultaneously, adopt excess air ratio to be regulated and to improve the lag that the hysteresis that detects because of the oxygen amount brings significantly about the two-dimensional fuzzy controller of oxygen amount deviation and pace of change thereof.
Each stove section all is provided with independently oxygen amount fuzzy controller; And the excess air ratio compensating value that makes the output of this unit is participated in each auto-combustion loop the adjusting to air capacity and fuel quantity; When having improved controlling efficiency; Also make the technologist can understand the character of each stove section furnace atmosphere in real time, exactly, increased the transparency and the controllability of process furnace technology process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flowchart of single stove section in the control method of the oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the general flow chart of the control method remaining oxygen fuzzy control part of the oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the control method schema of the oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace that provides of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For making the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, will combine accompanying drawing that embodiment of the present invention is done to describe in detail further below.
Present method mainly comprises following 4 steps:
Referring to Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 3:
Step 101: at first,, set up remaining oxygen control model 1 in the stove according to oxygen amount controlled target curve and each stove section excess air ratio in the process characteristic of process furnace 11 each stove section, the stove.
Simultaneously, in each stove section such as preheating section, heating zone and soaking zone of process furnace 11 the atmosphere sampling in 4 pairs of process furnace 11 of oxygen analyzer is set respectively, and detects residual oxygen level value wherein.
System calculates oxygen amount deviation e (t) according to the remaining oxygen target value SV in the remaining oxygen control model 1 in the stove with by the actual detected value PV of oxygen analyzer 4, and time differential e ' (t) to obtain oxygen amount deviation e (t) through differentiator 2 through de/dt.The differential e ' of oxygen amount deviation (t) has reflected deviate trend or pace of change over time.
The remaining oxygen fuzzy controller 3 of a two dimension is set for each stove section of process furnace in system, the differential value e ' of oxygen amount deviation e (t) and oxygen amount deviation (t) is imported in this fuzzy controller 3.The output manipulated variable of remaining oxygen fuzzy controller 3 is u (t).In remaining oxygen fuzzy controller 3, set up following fuzzy set: { NB, NM, NS, O, PS, PM, PB} for deviation variable quantity e ' and manipulated variable u.For improving stable state accuracy is that oxygen amount deviation e sets up following fuzzy set: { NB, NM, NS, NO, PO, PS, PM, PB}.
Set up the fuzzy control rule of remaining oxygen and excess air ratio according to remaining oxygen control model 1 in the process furnace.After control law optimization, obtain fuzzy control table.Remaining oxygen fuzzy controller 3 is according to the oxygen amount deviation and this deviation pace of change of input; Fuzzy control rule output manipulated variable u (t) through above foundation arrives excess air ratio setter 5, and utilizes this excess air ratio setter 5 to calculate the excess air ratio compensating value of this section in the process furnace.
Step 102: next step, detect in the process furnace 11 every section furnace temperature and furnace pressure, calculate the air flow quantity under said furnace temperature and furnace pressure condition, set and the fuel flow of setting through higher level's setter 6.
Can produce wide variation because air flow quantity changes with furnace pressure and flue-gas temperature, therefore method of the present invention has also considered air flow quantity is carried out the factor of pressure and temperature compensation simultaneously in the process that burning loop air-fuel ratio is revised.
Simultaneously, detect the actual air flow and the natural fuel flow of said process furnace 11 each sections, the air flow quantity of setting and actual air flow compare the difference of obtaining air flow quantity; Fuel flow and the natural fuel flow set are compared, obtain the difference of fuel flow.
Step 103: again next step, according to the air flow quantity of setting and the difference of actual air flow, fuel flow and the difference of natural fuel flow and the air flow quantity and the fuel flow that each section excess air ratio compensating value calculates each section of needs injection process furnace of setting.
In this step,, carry out by performer 9 then and inject the air flow quantity that these sections need injection the air regulator 7 of the air flow quantity of setting with this section of difference input of actual air flow; Equally, with the governor 8 of this section of difference input of fuel flow of setting and natural fuel flow, carry out by performer 10 then and inject the fuel flow that these sections need injection.
In order to realize the factor of pressure and temperature compensation; To feed back to the burning loop respectively by the excess air ratio compensating value and revise air-fuel ratio; The air flow quantity of setting and the difference of actual air flow and excess air ratio compensating value input computing module 12; Obtain the inverse of air-fuel ratio, then this result is imported computing module 14, after treatment its result is imported the governor 8 of this section.Equally, the difference of the fuel flow of setting and natural fuel flow and excess air ratio compensating value input computing module 13 are obtained air-fuel ratio, then this result are imported computing module 15, after treatment its result are imported the air regulator 7 of this section.Its result is intersected control air regulator 7 and governor 8, regulates to realize cross limiting range.
In addition, method of the present invention can also total remaining oxygen control.
Referring to shown in Figure 2:
Because the heating inner flue gas of the stove is to be flowed by tapping side direction preheating section, in system, can construct total remaining oxygen fuzzy controller 16 in the stove simultaneously.At stove tail walling of flue the total residual oxygen level that the oxygen analysis appearance is used to detect discharging flue gas in the stove is set.This fuzzy controller 16 is an input with total residual oxygen level of the detected flue gas of stove tail oxygen analysis appearance and pace of change thereof, through calculating total excess air ratio compensating value in the output furnace.On this basis; Calculate the excess air ratio revisal amplitude limit value of each stove section according to total excess air ratio compensating value in total remaining oxygen model in the process furnace and the process furnace that obtains; And these amplitude limit value are delivered to each stove section remaining oxygen fuzzy controller 17 as its output constraint, increased the stability that system regulates effectively.
Because detecting, the oxygen level of existing furnace atmosphere has very big hysteresis; Ordinary method is to become its equivalence a time lag link of being made up of pure lag system and one one interim link to carry out lag compensation to control; But because the equivalent model parameter of participating in control is more different because of the difference of concrete controlled plant exists, so also instability of control effect.In the present invention, we have designed the oxygen level fuzzy controller of process furnace two dimension, according to the deviate of remaining oxygen in the stove and the pace of change of this deviate, regulate the excess air ratio of this stove section.And thereby the computing module that the modified value of excess air ratio feedovers to combustion control loop is reached the effect of regulating the combustion air amount through feedforward path.
Above-mentioned design is adopted about the two-dimensional fuzzy controller of oxygen amount deviation and pace of change thereof excess air ratio to be regulated and can be improved the lag that the hysteresis that detects because of the oxygen amount brings significantly.Each stove section all is provided with independently oxygen amount fuzzy controller; And the excess air ratio compensating value that makes the output of this unit is participated in each auto-combustion loop the adjusting to air capacity and fuel quantity; When having improved controlling efficiency; Also make the technologist can understand the character of each stove section furnace atmosphere in real time, accurately, increased the transparency and the controllability of process furnace technology process.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, not all within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the control method of an oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace is characterized in that, said method comprises the following steps:
Steps A: set up each section remaining oxygen control model and remaining oxygen target value in the process furnace, detect the actual remaining oxygen of each section in the process furnace simultaneously;
Actual remaining oxygen through each section in each section remaining oxygen target value in the said process furnace and the said process furnace calculates remaining oxygen deviation and time differential amount thereof, and with said remaining oxygen deviation and said remaining oxygen deviation time differential amount input remaining oxygen fuzzy controller;
Utilization calculates each section excess air ratio compensating value from the manipulated variable of said remaining oxygen fuzzy controller output;
Step B: detect the furnace temperature and the furnace pressure of each section in the said process furnace, calculate setting air flow and setting fuel flow under said furnace temperature and furnace pressure condition;
Detect the actual air flow and the natural fuel flow of each section in the said process furnace;
Setting air flow and actual air flow compared obtain difference, will set fuel flow and the natural fuel flow compares, obtain difference;
Step C: calculate air flow quantity and the fuel flow that needs inject each section in the process furnace according to the difference of said setting air flow and actual air flow, the difference of setting fuel flow and natural fuel flow and said each section excess air ratio compensating value.
2. the control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; In said steps A; Said remaining oxygen fuzzy controller is according to the fuzzy control rule of each section remaining oxygen control modelling remaining oxygen in the process furnace with excess air ratio, and through said fuzzy control rule being optimized back acquisition fuzzy control table.
3. the control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; In said step C, utilize said each section excess air ratio compensating value to regulate the air-fuel ratio of each section of process furnace, and then calculate air flow quantity and the fuel flow that needs to inject each section of process furnace.
4. the control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said method also comprises
Step D: total remaining oxygen fuzzy controller in the process furnace is set; Detect the total remaining oxygen of flue gas and the pace of change thereof of heating-furnace tail; The pace of change of total remaining oxygen of said flue gas and the total remaining oxygen of said flue gas is imported said total remaining oxygen fuzzy controller; Through calculating total excess air ratio compensating value in the output process furnace; Obtain the amplitude limit value of said each section of process furnace excess air ratio compensating value according to total remaining oxygen control model in total excess air ratio compensating value and the process furnace in the said process furnace, the remaining oxygen fuzzy controller that said amplitude limit value is input to each section of process furnace is as its input constraint.
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| CN102634651A (en) * | 2011-02-11 | 2012-08-15 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Heating method of weak, micro-oxidation and oxidation combustion for ferrous metal steel slab |
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| CN103063806B (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2015-02-25 | 秦皇岛首秦金属材料有限公司 | Method for detecting abnormity of remaining oxygen in thermal treatment furnace |
| CN105091026A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2015-11-25 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Combustion device outlet residue oxygen volume control method and system |
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| CN107782165B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2020-01-07 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Air-fuel ratio adjusting method for heating furnace |
| CN106352339B (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-06-08 | 深圳德尔科机电环保科技有限公司 | A kind of gas-fired heater optimization of air-fuel ratio control system |
| CN109210957B (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-01-17 | 湖南华菱涟钢薄板有限公司 | Method and system for controlling atmosphere in annealing furnace |
| CN110144440B (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2021-08-20 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | Method and device for controlling residual oxygen amount of annealing furnace |
| CN110953895B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-12-03 | 攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司 | Calibration method of pulse type heating furnace |
| CN112325327B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-10-28 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | Proportion control type burner residual oxygen amount correction method and device |
| CN113154874B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2023-03-03 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Heating furnace low NOx combustion control method based on gas fuel |
| WO2024183035A1 (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2024-09-12 | 高毅夫 | Method for dynamically controlling nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide in furnace |
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Effective date of registration: 20170117 Address after: 430070 Hubei Province, Hongshan District, East Lake hi tech Zone, No. 16, No. Patentee after: Wuhan Steel Engineering Technology Group Communication Co., Ltd. Address before: 430080 Friendship Avenue, Hubei, Wuhan, No. 999 Patentee before: Wuhan Iron & Steel (Group) Corp. |
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Address after: 430084 floor 15-22, building 4, Wuhan International Steel Logistics Service Center (Ganggu), Qingshan Town, Qingshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province Patentee after: Baoxin software (Wuhan) Co., Ltd Address before: 430070 Hubei Province, Hongshan District, East Lake hi tech Zone, No. 16, No. Patentee before: Wuhan Steel Engineering Technology Group Communication Co., Ltd. |