CN101860391A - Multilayer-carrier discrete multi-tone communication technology - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of multiple accessing communication system comprises: at least one transmitter of launching a plurality of radio frequencies (RF) carrier wave; At least one receiver is used for receiving at least two at least one subclass in above-mentioned a plurality of radio-frequency carriers; Be connected at least one expander on each transmitter, the amplitude and the phase place that adopt the gain of first digital extended and first data to modulate at least two above-mentioned (RF) carrier waves independently and redundantly; Be connected at least one Solution Expander on each receiver, adopt above-mentioned first digital extended gain amplitude and the phase place of at least two above-mentioned (RF) carrier waves of demodulation independently, recover above-mentioned first data; And connecting transmitter, and receiver, the multiple access device of expander and Solution Expander connects (SDMA) with at least a space division multiple access, and frequency division multiple access connects (FDMA) and code division multiple access connection (CDMA) provides independent communication channel.

Description

Multilayer-carrier discrete multi-tone communication technology

The application is that application number is 98814242.2, the applying date is on August 18th, 1998, denomination of invention is divided an application for divide an application (application number is 200510125082.3) of " multilayer-carrier discrete multi-tone communication technology ".

Technical field

Present invention generally relates to radio communication, relate in particular in difficulty that is attended by the dynamic environment variation and the multiple accessing communication technology in the hostile environment.

Background technology

The communication technology that grows up during the World War II in the 1940's comprises " the frequency diversity communication " or " multilayer carrier communication " that is used for supporting high frequency (HF) band business.J.Proakis is at Digital Communications, McGraw-Hill, and 1989, the frequency diversity communication technology has been proposed in the 7.4-7.7 section.The channel that Proakis is based on big high attenuation for example is can produce error when receiving in deep fading's the channel and propose diversity technique.Channel by decline independently of one another for receiver provides some copies of primary signal might continuous communiction, only all take place simultaneously under the unlikely situation of decline at all interactive channels.Can get rid of this probability.

Frequency diversity is a kind of in the middle of many diversity schemes.Nominally carry out same modulation by several carrier channels that separated by the coherence bandwidth of each independent channel.According to time diversity, in different time slots, send identical information.In a kind of diversity scheme, can adopt multiple antenna.Can receive the signal that sends from single transmitting antenna with some reception antennas.In order to obtain optimum efficiency, reception antenna is separated enough far away, disturbs to change multipaths different in the middle of a group.Observe independently signal fadeout nominally often need independently ten wavelength.

The signal bandwidth that adopts in a kind of diversity scheme of maturation more can be far longer than the coherence bandwidth of channel.The signal path that the bandwidth W of sort signal can decompose multipath component and provide several independently to decline for receiver.

The diversity scheme of other prior aries includes firing angle or space diversity and polarization diversity.

When bandwidth W is far longer than the coherence bandwidth of utilizable each independent channel of user, channel further can be subdivided into many frequency division multiplexing subchannels, the coherence bandwidth of each independent channel all has at least one centre frequency that is separated from each other.So just can send identical signal, according to frequency diversity work by the subchannel of frequency division multiplexing.Adopt the broadband binary signal that covers bandwidth W also can obtain same result.

G.K.Kaleh is at IEEE Transactions on Communications, Spet.1994. in one piece of article delivering on " Frequency-Diversity Spread-Spectrum CommunicationSystem to Counter Band-limited Gaussian Interference, " this technology has been described.The reliable device of working in a kind of signal environment that can deliberate to the enemy briefly described in this piece article.

J.Proakis is at " Spread Spectrum Signals for DigitalCommunication, " SupraChapter 8 in the notion of a kind of frequency diversity spread-spectrum and multiple access has been described.Describe a kind of diversity transmission means that combines with frequency hopping spread spectrum in detail, be used for preventing multipath fading and local band interference.

As far back as nineteen fifty-nine just the someone retrodirective array of suitable multi-antenna array has been proposed, be used for providing identical spatial gain pattern with reception period sending.The argumentation of relevant this technology can be referring to R.Monzingo, T.Miller, Introduction to Adaptive Arrays, WileyInterscience Publications, 1980; The United States Patent (USP) 2,908,002 " Electromagnetic Reflection " of the nineteen fifty-nine of L.Van Atta; And B.Glance, the U.S. Pat 4,383,332 " High Capacity Mobile RadioSystem " in 10 days Mays nineteen eighty-three of P.Henryd.The TDD system provides a kind of effective means for realizing the retrodirective array row, can reduce the channel variation between technology and the transmit path.

Summary of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of radio communications system, be used for by the distinct band propagate data of disperseing on a large scale of channel distortions, required as Direct swquence spread spectrum, between interference frequencies, in fact do not disperse signal.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system of communicating by letter under strong narrow band interference condition, for example be common cellular signal waveform, closes affected channel at the Solution Expander place of receiver.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system with linear channel multipath distortion of simple equilibrium.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system, it can with Discrete Multitone and OFDM formula Channel Technology compatibility.For frequency channelization and inverse channelization, can also with time packet multitone and OFDM formula modulating/demodulating technical compatibility.

Another object of the present invention provide a kind of can with the radio communications system of tdd systems compatibility, multilayer carrier spread-spectrum modulation form wherein divides into groups, for example, if the multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal is to produce with Discrete Multitone and/or based on the OFDM of frequency channelization and inverse channelization.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system with frequency division multiple access articulated multiple access ability.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system with code division multiple access articulated multiple access ability of taking multilayer carrier multiple access layout.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system that can be compatible with high-order digit modulation.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system that is used for asking flexibly the connection of formula band data speed.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind ofly has the multiple access of space division multiple access articulated, the radio communications system of ELIMINATION OF ITS INTERFERENCE and channel equalization ability in the code zero-bit is used.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system that cooperates adaptive antenna array to use, the extended code of employing spatial extension is utilized independently to synthesize to gain on each space channel or the antenna beam and is come growth data, thus the diffusion of control channel bandwidth array.

Another object of the present invention provide a kind of can with the radio communications system of advanced array adaptation technique compatibility, it for example is no blind spot directed navigation, blind spot directional data and other technologies, it has utilized base band data, the advantage of the fundamental characteristics of channel architecture or multilayer carrier extended format.

Another object of the present invention provide a kind of can with the radio communications system of reverse link communication technical compatibility.

Another object of the present invention provides and a kind ofly can connect the radio communications system of data-triggered system reverse compatibility with the code division multiple access of routine.

In brief, embodiments of the invention comprise a kind of " multilayer carrier " spread spectrum communication system, expansion wherein is to multiply each other by the baseband signal of time domain form and one group is overlapping or the compounded sine carrier waveform of multilayer to finish in frequency domain.Actual expansion is finished by a large-scale quick Fourier of direct-drive (FFT) transformation library (bins).So just can obviously reduce complexity of calculation, relax requirement output FFT capacity.Can fill up the space between the single-tone with the Kaiser-Bessel window of β=9, not allow interference between these single-tones and the adjacent single-tone generation single-tone.Particularly the β of high value can produce interference between adjacent single-tone, and the interference of being separated by between the farther single-tone is very little.This basic fundamental can be in conjunction with time division duplex, and code division multiple access connects, and space division multiple access connects, and frequency division multiple access connects, adaptive antenna array and interference cancellation techniques.

An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method, is being used for growth data on the widely-dispersed frequency band of frequency spectrum diversity.So just can provide a kind of effective means that can draw the frequency diversity advantage, particularly in the widely-dispersed application of frequency band.

An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method, even also can communicate by letter under strong narrow band interference.Keep a kind of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) link in the time of so just connecting (TDMA) cellular radio signal in the time division multiple access the strong arrowband frequency division multiple access of appearance connects (FDMA) and resembles in the honeycomb covering application.Can also when occurring owing to harmonic wave forging interference, keep communication link from out of band signal.

An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method, and it can directly balanced linear channel distortions, and can make stable state or the distortion of quasi-stable state linear channel approach to launch multiplication effect on the extended code.Can also further de-spread or extended operation be dissolved in the channel equalization operation, in eliminating grouping, not need extra filtering operation the Doppler expansion.Its basic principle is to cooperate base band, pre-expansion, and the bandwidth of telegraph signal is come balanced multipath transmisstion.If the smaller bandwidth of telegraph signal, this multipath equalization operation can be very simple.If it is enough narrow to expand the bandwidth of telegraph signal in advance, correlation bandwidth or the inverse bandwidth of for example expanding telegraph signal in advance are the big products that the maximum multipath in the transmission channel postpones, and this equalization operation just can reduce to the comprehensive multiply operation that can dissolve in the adaptive de extended operation automatically.It is that with the difference of the cdma system of routine the latter needs extra equalization operation, unless the relative widths of spread signal is the big product that the maximum multipath in the transmission channel postpones.

Another advantage of the present invention has provided a kind of radio communication method, and it can compatible discrete multiple audio and OFDM formula channel multiplex technique.So just can accurately simulate stable state and linear channel distortion with the multiplicative effect on the emission extended code.

An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method that can compatible tdd systems.For example, if the multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal just can adopt the time division duplex communication form that multilayer carrier spread-spectrum modulation form is organized into groups with Discrete Multitone and/or OFDM formula channel multiplexer and the generation of reverse channel multiplexer.Any end at communication link can both carry out " this locality " assessment to send channel, has simplified the channel preemphasis greatly, the enforcement of balanced topological logic of send channel and reverse transfer technology.

An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method with code division multiple access articulated multiple access function, for example is multilayer carrier multiple access technology.Point-right-multi-point link adopts linear inner relevant (quadrature or nonopiate) collection of expansion gain to transmit on the same subsets of channel, so that separate these signals by Solution Expander.Because extended code can be nonopiate, when using in conjunction with the idle bit technology, principal advantage of the present invention is to use nonopiate extended code.

An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method that can compatible " bandwidth on-demand " Flexible Data Rate technology.By a plurality of times, frequency, or the multilayer carrier channel sends initial data to unique user, and the data rate on given link can slightly increase, subtract.If improve data rate with a plurality of multilayer carrier channels, just can be in the situation downward modulation joint number that does not increase bandwidth according to speed.

An advantage of the invention is provide a kind of can be compatible the radio communication method of advanced digital modulation.It can compatibility M arbitrarily _AryThe digital baseband modulation format, and can pass through the more position/symbol of transmission on each channel and the raising capacity.Can also in polynary communication network, improve again utilance and " load balance " by the figure place that changes each symbol in each initial data.

An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of space division multiple access connection that has, and the radio communication method of interference eliminated and channel equalization ability for example is the idle bit technology.This space division multiple access articulated idle bit technology is desirable or near desirable linear disturbance elimination and signal extraction technology, this is useful for the signal separate multiple layer carrier extend spectrum signal on Solution Expander according to frequency diversity or frequency spectrum diversity.So just can eliminate the interference of the cell inside of multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal, and can eliminate the interference of cell outside, for example be to improve the ability of utilizing again.So just can use the idle bit that in various extended formats, generally adopts more effectively.A kind of improvement of two times of capacity particularly can be provided for the idle bit technology that is used for symbol-modulated Direct swquence spread spectrum form, and expansion gain wherein repeats once on the basis of each text symbol.

An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method that can cooperate adaptive antenna array to use.

An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method that can compatible preposition array adaptive technique, be used for according to space diversity, and the frequency spectrum diversity, the combination of polarization diversity and space/frequency spectrum/polarization diversity comes separation signal.

An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method that can compatible reverse link communication technology.Can directly expand to the multilayer carrier spread spectrum system that comprises single antenna or aerial array to the reverse link communication technology.And complicated operations can be concentrated on a little-base station in right-multi-point link on, greatly reduce the cost of whole system.

A further advantage of the invention is provides a kind of code division multiple access that can the back compatible routine to connect the radio communication method of data activation technology.

Those skilled in the art has read at the reference accompanying drawing just can understand above-mentioned and other purpose of the present invention and advantage fully to after the specifying of most preferred embodiment.

Description of drawings

In the accompanying drawings

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of a kind of communication system of the embodiment of the invention, has several long-range mobile units to be distributed in the space of one or more central base station among the figure;

Fig. 2 A represents the block diagram of one embodiment of the invention, have a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter group to be connected on the aerial array as point-to a transmitter among the figure, another aerial array is connected to and is used for a little-a multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver group 5 of a right-receiver;

Fig. 2 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have multilayer carrier multiple access emission unit to be connected on the aerial array as network transmitter among the figure, another aerial array is connected to a multilayer carrier multiple access that is used for the network receiver and receives unit;

Fig. 3 A represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter to be connected on the time division duplex device as point-to a transmitter among the figure, another time division duplex device is connected to and is used for a little-the multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver of a right-receiver;

Fig. 3 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier multiple access transmitter to be connected on the time division duplex device as network transmitter among the figure, another time division duplex device is connected to the multilayer carrier multiple access receiver that is used for the network receiver;

Fig. 4 A represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter to be connected to an idle bit device (code nuller) among the figure and go up as point-to a transmitter, another idle bit device is connected to and is used for a little-the multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver of a right-receiver;

Fig. 4 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier multiple access transmitter to be connected on the idle bit device as network transmitter among the figure, another idle bit device is connected to the multilayer carrier multiple access receiver that is used for the network receiver;

Fig. 5 A represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter to be connected to a widely-dispersed channel multiplexer (frequency channelizer) among the figure and go up as point-to a transmitter, another widely-dispersed channel multiplexer is connected to and is used for a little-the multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver of a right-receiver;

Fig. 5 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier multiple access transmitter to be connected on the widely-dispersed channel multiplexer as network transmitter among the figure, another widely-dispersed channel multiplexer is connected to the multilayer carrier multiple access receiver that is used for the network receiver;

Fig. 6 A represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, there is a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter group to be connected to a synchronous time-division duplex device group among the figure, the latter is being used for a little again-be connected to an aerial array and a multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver group by an anti-adapter under the control of the multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter group of a right-transceiver system;

Fig. 6 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier multiple access emission unit to be connected to a synchronous time-division duplex device group among the figure, the latter is connected to an aerial array by an anti-adapter again under the control of the multilayer carrier multiple access emission unit that is used for network system and a multilayer carrier multiple access receives unit;

Fig. 7 A is a kind of Fig. 2 of being similar to A, 3A, 4A, the functional block diagram of included the sort of multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter among 5A and the 6A;

Fig. 7 B is a kind of Fig. 2 of being similar to A, 3A, 4A, the functional block diagram of included the sort of multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver among 5A and the 6A;

Fig. 8 is a block diagram of the base station that comprises in the system shown in Figure 1, and has represented a kind of like this possibility, and aerial array can spatially be differentiated the member in the communication system.Represented each functional emission machine and receiver transmission line comprise many channels, can support basic multilayer carrier spread spectrum communication media;

Fig. 9 is a typical remote unit block diagram that comprises in the system shown in Figure 1, and has represented to support the adaptive channel equalizer and the preemphasis function of basic multilayer carrier spread spectrum communication media;

Figure 10 is the block diagram of a polynary T/R module, and it comprises a plurality of independently T/R modules that have an antenna separately.Can increase, subtract the composition scale of system along with antenna amount.Spatial manipulation occur in analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) in the receiving course handle after and before the number in the process of transmitting-Mo conversion (DAC) operates.All spaces and spread spectrum operation all are that the data of numeral are carried out.All critical frequencies in the system and reference clock for example are that gps clock obtains from a common clock all.The mechanism of having represented a kind of modular calibration in the drawings, it is in the TDD system oppositely being necessary accurately.

Figure 11 is a kind of block diagram of multilayer carrier spread spectrum modulator, independently being duplicated base band data in the middle of the multiplexing Kspread of scaler independent expanding element by one, offers a kind of adaptive multiplexer by scaler and is combined into a complex data vector;

Figure 12 is the block diagram of the multilayer carrier spread-spectrum Solution Expander of a digital complete adaptive mode.This Solution Expander comprises several channels, is used for handling each single-tone in the multilayer carrier spread-spectrum carrier wave media;

Figure 13 has represented a routine BPSK multitone, and its data length is 6, and spreading coefficient Kspread is 4, and each the group between be 2 at interval.Each group unit g1-g4 is represented as having independently amplitude, can control by channel equalization and preemphasis, so that to anti-interference and other problem;

Figure 14 represents to be used for to recover " SCORE " processor of the signal x (t) that receives from an aerial array.The control of this processor comprises control filters h (t), frequency shift value α and conjugation control (*);

Figure 15 is a data flow chart, represent a kind of in the middle of two subset of cells the code gating SCORE de-spread operating process of gating;

Figure 16 is a data flow chart, represent a kind of in the middle of two subset of cells the code gating SCORE extended operation flow process of gating, it and Figure 15 are symmetrical;

Figure 17 is a kind of T/F form that is used for the tdd communication systems of the embodiment of the invention;

Figure 18 is a kind of effective single-tone form of basic DMT modulator-demodulator;

Figure 19 is a data flow chart that is used for illustrating the emittor/receiver calibration steps;

Figure 20 is a kind of integrated single antenna T/R and the schematic diagram of Discrete Multitone (DMT) modulator-demodulator, can be used to realize a kind of DMT formula multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) system of the embodiment of the invention;

Figure 21 has generally represented a kind of single line code gating intersection-SCORE expander of the embodiment of the invention;

Figure 22 is a data flow chart, is used for representing to have the single line code gating intersection-SCORE de-spread operation of Kspread subset of cells;

Figure 23 is a data flow chart, is used for representing to have a kind of single line intersection-SCORE algorithm of Nframe grouping/adapter frame;

Figure 24 is a data flow chart, is used for representing a kind of single adapter frame auto-correlation statistical calculation;

Figure 25 is a data flow chart, is used for representing to have a kind of intersection-SCORE eigenfunction of Kspread subset of cells;

Figure 26 is a data flow chart, be used for the expression have Kpart＜Kspread subset of cells a kind of code key generator;

Figure 27 is a data flow chart, is used for a kind of code key generator of equivalence that expression has Kpart＜Kspread subset of cells;

Figure 28 is a data flow chart, is used for representing to have a kind of intersection-SCORE eigenfunction of Kpart subclass;

Figure 29 is a data flow chart, is used for representing to have a kind of intersection-SCORE eigenfunction of two subset of cells;

Figure 30 is a data flow chart, is used for representing a kind of multi-thread code gating intersection-SCORE expander of the embodiment of the invention;

Figure 31 is a data flow chart, is used for representing to adopt a kind of single line code gating of frequency gating and two subset of cells automatic in one embodiment of the invention-the SCORE extended operation;

Figure 32 is a data flow chart, is used for representing to adopt a kind of single line code gating of frequency gating and two subset of cells automatic-operation of SCORE de-spread;

Figure 33 is a data flow chart, is used for representing to adopt a kind of automatic-SCORE eigenfunction of frequency gating and two subset of cells;

Figure 34 is a data flow chart, a kind of single line code gating that is used for representing adopting time gated and the redundant gating of half rate automatically-the SCORE expansion;

Figure 35 is a data flow chart, a kind of single line code gating that is used for representing adopting time gated and the redundant gating of half rate automatically-the SCORE de-spread.

Embodiment

A kind of communication system of representing the embodiment of the invention among Fig. 1 with total label 10, system 10 comprise a base station 11 with a plurality of far-end unit 12-17 transmitting and receiving services.As shown in Figure 1, the various diverse locations in the three dimensions are represented in the position of the far-end unit 12-17 around the base station 11, can also suppose that all or one or more far-end are on each time point.There is a multiple element antenna 18 base station 11.Each far-end 12-17 has the antenna 19-24 of one correspondence, and wherein some also is a multiple element antenna for this, and for example 21,23 and 24.The various forms of antenna 18-24 representative has the single one physical antenna that is connected to a transceiver, the transmission of isolation and reception antenna, and the aerial array of representing signal sensitivity between difference empty separately.In addition, some or all antenna 18-24 can adopt polarization diversity.That is to say that some antenna 18-24 can be positive direction finding polarization (for example antenna 20), some then can be negative direction finding polarization (for example antenna 22)." just/negative " polarization direction finding can be taked " horizontal/vertical " linear polarization, " clockwise/counterclockwise " Circular Polarisation, " tilting 45/135 " polarization or the like.Actual noise is from all quarter invasive system 10, interference source often by from specific direction signal determined.Multipath signal between base station 11 and the far-end unit 12-17 is being represented a kind of interference that may cause channel fading and other problem.

System 10 can also comprise multiple spot-right-multiple spot of embodying by second base station 25 that is equipped with multiple element antenna 26 and point-right-the network topology logic.Multiple spot-right-multidrop network is a kind of upgrading of system shown in Figure 1, can use in the cellular system that adjacent interface of calls need be controlled.Each base station in the network or remote transceiver can have the antenna element and the spreading coefficient of any varying number, for example can expand to the frequency cells of varying number.Sterically defined interference may be from the unit of other multilayer carrier network and network internal and from other interference source, for example is the FDMA signal of jamming station or the network that is capped.Actual noise is balance or invasive system lopsidedly from all quarter, and here the meaning of " balance " is an isotropic noise.

The radio communication basic principle of system 10 be " multilayer carrier spread-spectrum " as herein described (SCSS), by base station 11 and each far-end unit 12-17 transmission discrete a plurality of single-tones (DMT) of having frequency diversity in essence mutually simultaneously.On each group Discrete Multitone transmission signals, a base band data symbol is carried out spread-spectrum modulation from a unit 11-17.The receiver of appointment even can by the deep fading or being subjected to separate channel carrier information on the strong discrete single-tone that disturbs realize that accurate data recover.

Can also further embody the present invention in various manners, for example the various combination embodiment shown in Fig. 2 A-6B.Each key element that adopts among Fig. 2 A-6B can be described with further reference to Fig. 7-16.Antenna in each array can be taked locus arbitrarily, and this array does not need special antenna geometry and just can work effectively.In addition, this antenna can move on polarization and space.

Fig. 2 A represents by a point-right-transmitter 30 that is connected to multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) emission unit 32 formations on the multi-antenna array (AA) 34.Point-right-receiver 36 comprises a multi-antenna array (AA) 38 that is connected on multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) the reception unit 40.Each aerial array comprises the antenna of isolating on a plurality of spaces that are used for transmitting and receive data.At Fig. 2 A or Fig. 2 B of expansion of employing multilayer carrier and de-spread, not adding among 6A or the 6B for example is that adaptive line makes up and/or handles by the adaptive antenna array that the antenna that separates on a plurality of spaces transmits.This array self-adaptive processing has been included into the multilayer carrier expansion and has conciliate extended operation.

Fig. 2 B represents by a network transmitter 42 that is connected to multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) emission unit 44 formations on the multi-antenna array (AA) 46.Network receives unit 48 and comprises a multi-antenna array (AA) 50 that is connected on multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) the reception unit 52.

Fig. 3 A represents by the point-right-transmitter 54 that is connected to multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) transmitter 56 formations on the time division duplex device (TDD) 58.Point-right-receiver 60 comprises a time division duplex device 62 that is connected on multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) receiver 64.

The network transmitter 66 that Fig. 3 B represents comprises multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) transmitter 68 that is connected on the time division duplex device (TDD) 70.Network receiver 72 comprises a time division duplex device 74 that is connected on multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) receiver 76.

Fig. 4 A represents by being connected to point-right-transmitter 78 that multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) transmitter 80 on the idle bit device 82 constitutes.Point-right-receiver 84 comprises an idle bit device 86 that is connected on multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) receiver 88.

Fig. 4 B represents by being connected to the network transmitter 90 that multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) transmitter 92 on the idle bit device 94 constitutes.Network receiver 96 comprises an idle bit device 98 that is connected on multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) receiver 100.

Fig. 5 A represents a point-right-transmitter 102, and it comprises and is connected to multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) transmitter 104 on the widely-dispersed channel multiplexer 106.Point-right-receiver 108 comprises a widely-dispersed channel multiplexer 110 that is connected on multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) receiver 112.

Fig. 5 B represents a network transmitter 114, and it comprises and is connected to multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) transmitter 116 on the widely-dispersed channel multiplexer 118.Network receiver 120 comprises a widely-dispersed channel multiplexer 122 that is connected on multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) receiver 124.

Fig. 6 A represents a kind of point-right-transceiver system 126, multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) emission unit 128 wherein is connected to a synchronous time-division duplex device (TDD) group 130, and the latter is connected to 132 and multilayer carrier spread-spectrums of a multi-antenna array (AA) (SCSS) by an anti-adapter 136 again and receives unit 134 under the control of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) emission unit 128.

Fig. 6 B represents a kind of network system 138, it comprises a multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) transmitter 140 that is connected on the synchronous time-division duplex device (TDD) 142, and the time division duplex device is connected to 144 and multilayer carrier multiple access of a multi-antenna array (AA) (SCMA) by an anti-adapter 148 again and receives unit 146 under the control of multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) emission unit 140.

Fig. 7 A represents a kind of Fig. 2 of being similar to A, 3A, 4A, included the sort of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) transmitter 150 among 5A and the 6A.SCSS transmitter 150 comprises a D-A converter (DAC) 152, is used for converting input digital data to be used to transmit analog signal.The analog information that is used to transmit can directly not imported by DAC152.The modulation each time of the radio-frequency carrier in corresponding the up-conversion process comprise two or more channels (for example 1 ..., k).For example, each up conversion channel comprises a homophase (I) frequency mixer 154 and a quadrature (Q) frequency mixer 156 that is connected to 90 ° of phase shifters 158 and local oscillator (LO) 160.So just can control the amplitude of the AM carrier radio frequency of same-phase and quadrature phase with modulation intelligence.A pair of gain-controlled amplifier 162 and 164 can be regulated the amplitude of each same-phase and quadrature phase independently before being recombinated by adder 166.Peel off the out of band signal that may disturb adjacent channel with a band pass filter (BPF) 168.By the signal of a method of summated ratings device 170 combinations, and produce transmitter output, offer an antenna then from all channels.Expansion gain generator 172 periodically sends parallel output, is used for controlling all gain-controlled amplifiers 162 and 164 of each channel in a group.Offer and comprise a number of signals word line that is used for ON/OFF control in each control signals of each gain-controlled amplifier 162 and 164, be used for the parallel digital control line of multidigit that discrete grey chroma color is set, or be used to continuously change a simulation control line of gain setting.

A kind of conspicuous change to the analog circuit that is used for transmitter 150 and receiver 180 shown in Fig. 7 A and the 7B is to adopt digital trans multiplexer (" transmux ") design, for example is to adopt discrete Digital Logic or digital signal processor.

A kind of best alter mode of for example direct or trans multiplexer expansion shown in Fig. 7 A and the 7B being conciliate expansion scheme is Discrete Multitone (DMT) method of OFDM of the present invention (OFDM).

Referring to Fig. 7 A, when transmitter 150 work, some expansion gain output that expansion gain generator 172 produces receives than the easier appointed receiver of output that obtains with different expansion gains.Decay or interference that intervention radio communication environment between the transmitter and receiver will be compared other phase place and frequency usually to the decay or the interference of some phase place and frequency are big.Comprise common-channel interference in the radio communication environment, disturb with the interior additivity of net between net, and the easier artificial disturbance/covering signal that surpasses extended code and on receiver, be difficult to eliminate.The expansion gain output compensation of having the ability gets involved the channel distortions in the radio communication environment and the influence of common-channel interference.Can determine with the sequence of imitation according to time or space in the best expansion gain output that any one moment should produce, or the result who is obtained according to certain measurement to communication qualities such as for example backchannel data regulates.This extended code can compensate common-channel interference source and channel distortions.

Fig. 7 B represents a kind of Fig. 2 of being similar to A, 3A, 4A, included the sort of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) receiver 180 among 5A and the 6A, and can with transmitter 150 complementations shown in Fig. 7 A.The separator 181 of several independent channels of driven in parallel of SCSS receiver 180 usefulness receives analog signal.A typical channel comprises band pass filter 182, separator 183, common mode gain control amplifier 184, quadrature phase gain-controlled amplifier 185, the a pair of phase detectors 186 and 187 that drive by phase shifter 188 and local oscillator 189, and be used for all receiver channels are reassembled into the analog-digital converter (ADC) 190 of digital signal.Comprise homophase (I) frequency mixer 186 and quadrature (Q) frequency mixer 187 that is connected to 90 ° of phase shifters 188 and local oscillator (LO) 189 in each down conversion channel.Connect a de-spread weighting generator 191 again, be used for controlling in each channel independently homophase and quadrature amplifier 184 and 185.

Fig. 8 represents a base station 230.In most preferred embodiment,, adopt the de-spread weighting to increase signal-interference ratio and SNR to greatest extent for " idle bit (code nulling) "; And according to most preferred embodiment, having introduced directivity and negative side tropism from the expansion gain that adapts to local expansion weighting derivation.Base station 230 is similar to the base station 11 of Fig. 1, it comprises adopts beam shaping and far-end unit to carry out the aerial array 232 of beam wireless, emission/reception (T/R) front end 234, one group of channel 236, data element converter 238, weight adaptation algorithm generator 240, many antennas multi-line Solution Expander 242, postpone and Doppler estimation device 243, postpone and Doppler sets of equalizers 244, with a symbol decoder group 246, for example be a kind of Trellis decoder of the base band data channel of several recoveries of output.Can not have in the aerial array 232, some perhaps is (for example antenna 233) of polarization diversity all.

Some output base band data channel is connected to a symbol encoder group 248, for example is the Trellis encoder.From then on the transmission line that begins comprises and postponing and Doppler preemphasis group 250, many antennas multi-line expander 252, antenna and frequency channel transformer 254, be connected to the transmit/receive compensation group 255 of transmit/receive compensation algorithm generator 256, and a reverse channel multiplexer group 257 that is connected to T/R front end 234.An emission/reception grouping trigger 258 receives the alternation sum duration of the time that independently transmits and receives in gps time transinformation and the control T/R front end 234.The aerial array of this base station can also have only an antenna element.In a most preferred embodiment, the time division duplex DMT of grouping or the work that the OFDM modulator and demodulator is carried out reverse channel multiplexer and channel multiplexer are adopted in the base station.

Can be about the code modulated more information of use Trellis referring to people such as Boulle at IEEEPIMRC ' 94, " the An Overview of Trellis CodedModulation Research in COST 231 " that delivers on the pp.105-109.

The far-end unit 260 of an embodiment of expression among Fig. 9.Far-end unit 260 is similar to the far-end unit 12-17 of Fig. 1, it comprises that the space of adopting combination and frequency spectrum diversity and base station carry out antenna for radio communication array 262, emission/reception (T/R) front end 264, one group of channel 266, data element converter 268, weight adaptation algorithm generator 270, many antennas Solution Expander 272, postpone and Doppler estimation device 273, postpone and Doppler sets of equalizers 274, with a symbol decoder 276, for example be a kind of data decoder of the base band data channel of a recovery of output.Can not have in the aerial array 262, some perhaps is (for example antenna 263) of polarization diversity all.

Output base band data channel is connected to a symbol encoder 278, for example is a data encoder.From then on the transmission line that begins comprises and postponing and Doppler pre-emphasis unit 280, many antennas expander 282, antenna and frequency channel transformer 284, be connected to the transmit/receive compensation group 285 of transmit/receive compensation algorithm generator 286, and a reverse channel multiplexer group 287 that is connected to T/R front end 264.An emission/reception grouping trigger 288 receives the alternation sum duration of the time that independently transmits and receives in gps time transinformation and the control T/R front end 264.

The aerial array of this base station can have only an antenna element.The antenna amount of each far-end unit can be different.The expense that can change far-end unit according to the importance or the data rate of a concrete unit so just.Far-end unit can adopt different spreading rates.The data of expansion oneself on their can be in the employed channel of base station transceiver different subclass.In a most preferred embodiment, far-end unit adopts the time division duplex DMT of grouping or the work that the OFDM modulator and demodulator is carried out reverse channel multiplexer and channel multiplexer.Difference between base station and the far-end unit is that the base station is receiving and transmitting signal, just multiple access from a plurality of nodes.Each far-end unit only is the data flow that transmitting-receiving needs oneself.Channel equalization technique and idle bit all are limited methods for adapting to expansion and de-spread weighting.

Figure 10 represents a kind of many antennas transmit/receive module 290.Module 290 comprises a multi-antenna array 291, and each cell is connected to a corresponding single channel T/R module 292, for example is four.Each T/R module 292 is connected to a grouping trigger 293, receiver calibration generator 294, local oscillator 295 and a system clock 296.They are all driven by gps clock and Doppler correction signal.Each T/R module 292 comprises a T/R switch 297, intermediate frequency (IF) downconverter 298, analog-digital converter (ADC) 299, D-A converter (DAC) 300, IF up converter 301 and a power amplifier (PA) 302.Study receives weighted information in receiving course, and is used to set the relevant transmitting power that offers each antenna element in emission process, with compensate for channel decline or interference.It should be noted that the polarization of transmit/receive module all must be independent drive if polarization diversity is adopted in the base station.

Receive and transmission time slot is that the accurate generalized time that can provide according to the global positioning system (GPS) of United StatesDepartment of Defense use is independently originated and determined according to pseudo-random fashion in specific Time Triggered.This gps time is to be obtained by the navigation system on the circuit board that resides in communications platform, allows the receiver side of each T/R module 292 all know a pairing time slot of grouping.Gps time also is used for obtaining local oscillator and the ACD/DAC clock that uses in the system.Receiver side does not need with the far-end emission source synchronous.Particularly receiver system did not need to know the propagation delay between the communicator and the scope of Doppler frequency displacement before receiving first packet.Yet, may on certain precision, know the scope between the communicator in some applications, speed postpones and the Doppler frequency displacement.Before receiving first packet, do not need to know the scope between the communicator, the scope of propagation delay and Doppler frequency displacement.

Calibration mode only is to select as required to use.For example be in the once beginning of transmission, or indicate and to carry out during calibration at built in diagnostics.

In Figure 12, mirror image simulation coding as shown in figure 11, expansion and modulation operations are carried out demodulation, de-spread and decode operation.Data flow among Figure 11 can reflect the data flow among Figure 12, and Figure 11 is identical with 12 data flow, and being added in mutually among figure just changed output among another figure.This symmetry for example has the DMT modulator and demodulator, frequency translation and inverse transformation operation, and extended operation is conciliate in expansion, and extended operation is conciliate in the expansion of coding gating.The structure of the structure mirror image Solution Expander of expander.The CDMA transceiver of prior art does not have such symmetry.Symmetry is a key character in an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 11 is illustrated in and is used for multiplexing a kind of Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) modulator of channel among the embodiment 300.Frame generation instruction from navigation and coded system 302 makes a signal modulator 304 with astronomical ephemeris, the position, and speed, acceleration and out of Memory are encoded into a kind of K _CellThe symbol data vector.Use one group of base band single-tone of these symbol-modulated or quick Fourier transformation (FFT) bins then.In expander 306 K _SpreadIndividual independent expanding element duplicates this K _CellThe base band single-tone, multiply by one independently expansion gain be used for antenna " 1 " and frequency cells " h " is synthesized, for example complex constant be multiply by on a 50-50 basis each symbol in the cell, and offers the K that a time-multiplexed device is combined into cell generated data _Active-long vector, K wherein _Active〉=K _Cell* K _SpreadWith this generated data vector offer a zero attenuation oppositely-FFT operator 308 is directly changed into the * K of KFFT 〉=(1+SF) with data vector _ActiveIn real time-and the IF time sampling, " SF " wherein represents " shape factor " or the ratio from the stopband to the passband in this system.Then with first E in this time series _Roll* 310 one-tenth K are duplicated in the KFFT sampling _Packet=(1+E _Roll) * KFFT-long data sequence.Multiplier 312 usefulness are from the K of a Kaiser-Bessel window 314 _Packet-long data multiply by this sequence, produces final sampled signal.Then sampled signal is offered D-A converter and produce a T _Packet* K _Packet/ fs-long data burst offers upconverter and communication channel, and fs wherein is the compound sampling speed of DPC/DNC module.It is all consistent with gps time to be used for reducing transmit all parameters of feature, and the node in the communication network is launched simultaneously.Each antenna in the system all repeats this process.

In baseline system 300, comprise symbol according to base band single-tone coding.Each K _CellAn independent single-tone in the data bit modulation signal base band equals 0 or 1 if be used for modulating the data bit of single-tone, just with 0 or 180 ° single-tone is carried out phase modulated respectively.This monotone is very effective under admissible transmitting power.It can remedy the fragility of radio radiation detection technique, can be with the low Eb/N0 that the reaches 3dB bit sequence of demodulation emission reliably.On oneself the relevant basis of conjugation of single-tone phase sequence, the BPSK form can adopt effective and perfect method to eliminate from the de-spread data regularly and carrier shift.

This computing is used for single antenna, and for example each frequency cells k that transceiver is adopted uses different synthetic expansion gain g with antenna 1 _K1This path counting-use packet expansion coefficient e before the Mo conversion operations _RollWith the packet samples length K _Packet=(1+e _Roll) KFFT sampling (T after the DAC operation _Packet=(1+e _Roll) the TFFT duration).Can be according to expansion weighting w _K1According to code book, at random, modes such as pseudorandom or self adaptation are determined expansion gain g by par _K1

The information digit of each data symbol is Kbit.BPSK is a kind of simple coding strategy, and coding wherein is left in the basket, and Kbit=1.The platform astronomical ephemeris, the position, speed and acceleration information are some examples of the data that can send in some applications.BPSK is not that those application of system's subject matter are best modulation systems for data rate.

Comprised selectively in other embodiments and having postponed and the operation of Doppler preemphasis.After initial marshalling, take this mode so that elimination is from the delay of the signal of DMT modulator emission and the influence of Doppler frequency displacement on the receiver in appointment.Thisly operate in the design that to simplify transceiver in the network, will postpone and Doppler eliminates operation and concentrates in the base station and finish.

Along with generation, can in multi-user's transceiver, independently expand gain (gk1 (m)) and expand the data symbol that offers user m with one group to the expansion concept of multiple access transceiver.

Figure 12 represents a kind of digital complete adaptive de-spread and beam shaping receiver 320.This technique background can referring to people such as Tsoulos in March, 1994 at IEEE#1-7803-1927, " the Application of Adaptive Antenna Technology toThird Generation Mixed Cell Radio Architectures " that delivers on the pp.615-619.Frame reception instruction from a receiver navigation and coded system 322 makes demodulator of PM signal PM 324 from K _ArrayCollect a string T on the individual array antenna 326 _Gate-long frame emission and execution analog-to-digital conversion, T _GateBe K _GateThe duration that individual sampling takies.This is comprising a T _Guard-long time slot transmits and receives propagation delay (T unknown between the link with solving _Gate=T _Packet+ T _Guard), T wherein _PacketBe the time span of grouping, T _GuardBe K _GuardThe time interval that individual sampling takies.From K of each ADC output _Gate-long number digital data frame offers the sparse FFT328 of a window type zero decline then, by the single-tone that the integer in FFT storehouse separates packet switched is arrived frequency domain with each.

The FFT storehouse is provided for a demultiplexer 330, eliminates useless FFT storehouse from the data set that receives, and remaining storehouse is organized into K _Cell* (K _Spread* K _Array) data matrix, this wherein comprises the single-tone that receives from the expanding element of each emission, K wherein _SpreadBe that frequency expansion is sparse, K _CellBe the symbolic number of each pre-expansion data cell, and K _ArrayIt is the number of antenna.The common-channel interference that covers each unit is eliminated by one group of linear synthesizer 332 in each growth data unit, and to the original base band symbol single-tone de-spread from the data set that receives.The weighting that utilizes the code gating to come adaptive synthesizer from relevant restoration methods, the data-signal de-spread to receiving simultaneously, and carry out that many antennas according to frequency receive and the space filtering of useful spread signal.

The synthesizer weighting is used to construct one group of emission weighting that can be used for follow-up reverse transfer.Then this single-tone being offered a delay and Doppler balanced unit 334 assesses and eliminates from Doppler frequency displacement (non-integer FFT storehouse-frequency displacement) that receives data set and linear propagation delay (phase place is leading).Assess the information symbol of emission by a symbol demodulator 336.

Then, receive by the packet of each user emission by de-spread, and from the interference environment that receives, extract.Until according to high signal-interference ratio and SNR to after the baseband signal de-spread, even under the situation that intense noise and common-channel interference are arranged, processor does not need to have accurate timing/carrier synchronization with transmitter,

On receiver, from channel, extract K by user m emission _CellSymbol is with identical synthetic expansion weighting w _K1(m) K for receiving on frequency cells k and the antenna 1 _CellThe weighting one by one of individual single-tone, single-tone ground adds these unit together one by one then, allows the single-tone q in each frequency cells that receives become all K that use in the system _Spread* K _ArrayThe summation of individual frequency cells and antenna.

The blended space of the best minimum number of each polynary transceiver and frequency spectrum degree of freedom K _Array* K _Spread, so that make the non-stacked carrier-in-interference source of invading each frequency cells inoperative.The remaining degree of freedom is used to improve the SINR of de-spread baseband signal or be used for separating stacked multilayer carrier signal.The weighting of regulon Solution Expander then makes the de-spread power of baseband signal reach maximum.So just formed a kind of idle bit solution, stronger than conventional de-spread method significantly.Desirable Solution Expander is regulated the de-spread weighting, makes non-stacked carrier-in-interference source drop to noise level on each frequency cells and inoperative, improves the SINR of despread signal simultaneously.Polynary Solution Expander can also weaken zero-bit significantly, resists the interference source of weak radio signal in given frequency cells.Can be aligned in the interference source that receives with faint power in the given frequency cells with soft idle bit.For example, if the interference source frequency spectrum has faint value on some characteristic frequency, just can aim at the outer of interference source passband with more weak idle bit.

In general, the de-spread weighting that comprises adaptive antenna array can obviously improve the signal transmission and receive quality and the capacity of operating.For receiver one side of system, can adopt and grope or non-calibration steps is aimed in the useful signal near desirable wave beam, aim at interference signal with idle bit simultaneously.

In general be to regulate the de-spread weighting like this, making the de-spread baseband signal for example is the signal-interference ratio and signal to noise ratio (SINR) maximum of the data symbol of estimation.The one group of idle bit de-spread weighting that is produced like this with originally be used for the expansion gain of expansion base band signal and have significantly different at the other end of link.Particularly the de-spread weighting that produces like this can be eliminated channel distortions simultaneously, and for example multipath transmits selection gain and the decline that causes.De-spread can realize the compromise of a kind of the best between these two needing peak signal-interference recently to eliminate the maximum signal to noise ratio (snr) of interference that transceiver receives and Solution Expander needs.In the DSSS and cdma system of routine, the de-spread sign indicating number is configured to equal the extended code of the other end of link, and only makes the SNR maximum of de-spread baseband signal.

This operation is carried out in an embodiment of the present invention gropingly, does not know emission expansion gain and channel distortions on Solution Expander.Can simplify the agreement that network internal is used like this, allow to use on the transceiver in network unknown expansion gain.The expansion gain that also allows to adopt adaptability to determine alleviates the noise that transceiver runs into with continuing to optimize in transmission course, disturb and channel distortions.

This scheme can be improved polynary SCMA or the SCSS transceiver that adopts aerial array, do not need expansion, and de-spread, or gain/Weighted adaptive algorithm carries out any substantial modification.Difference is the dimension of the polynary expansion reconciliation extended operation of polynary transceiver.Yet because the degree of freedom is bigger, polynary transceiver has bigger capacity can be used for separating the SCSS signal.Can improve by the scope and/or the vulnerability to jamming of radiation measurement checkout gear interception, because it can be by other transmitter control spatial beams in the network.Making the invalid ability of interference signal from the space owing to possessed, is from frequency range widely even disturb, and also can improve to the vulnerability to jamming from the interference of non-SCSS signal.

The method for rapidly converging that individual data grouping is worked also can make up mutually with multiplexing useful signal or the processor structure of channel, to the removing method that the interference source signal takes frequency to select, do not need the array calibration data or know or estimate directed useful signal or interference source signal.System 10 (Fig. 1) can detect under the high dynamic environment of the channel geometry significant change between the grouping and the demodulating data grouping.Like this, processor just can be operated under typical overload environment, and the amount of interference of this moment is no less than the antenna amount in the receiver antenna array.

Transmitter one side in system can adopt orientation or reverse adaptive approach, return useful signal with maximum power and/or minimum transmitted radio signal (directional pattern) to the emission source orientation, or be inconjunction with on the direction of interference source with minimum radiation direction emission source orientation and return useful signal (reverse mode).

In the application of the transmitter that those compatibilities that non-SCSS is disturbed are not subject matter, or disturb transmit and receive the situation that platform is not in same position, directional pattern is useful.This pattern can also be used for the occasion that communications platform is disturbed by serious non-SCSS, for example is to transmit under the situation of maximum power to the other end of communication link.

Can accurately measure the useful signal control vector of reception with processor, even covered fully at interference source under the situation of useful signal passband and class interval, also maximum beams directed can be returned the other end of communication link, the useful signal that does not need to know reception is from where.System 10 (Fig. 1) can transmit K to the other end of communication link _AraayCoefficient is high-power, for system provides vulnerability to jamming to any interference.Even the other end of communication link is to adopt single antenna to transmit and receive also and can realize.Otherwise system 10 (Fig. 1) also can use K _AraayThe coefficient small-power is kept communication link.So just can be according to COEFFICIENT K _AraayCome the reduction system can be by the detected geographic range of enemy.

In Fig. 6 A and 6B by oppositely-reverse modes that adapter 136 and 148 embodies are useful for the situation that the position and the interference source of tapping device is in same position, for example can be used to assess the validity of artificial disturbance strategy.This strategy is the most useful under the underload environment, can point to interference source with the broadband spacing wave.

Figure 13 represents a kind of single frames numeral multitone (DMT) modulation and extended format 340.Form 340 for example can be used for K _Cell=6 and K _Spread=4 environment, each expanding element is separated by two FFT storehouses, just K _Space=2.Six data bit maps that at first will need to send become one group ± data symbol.On the FFT storehouse of four expanding elements according to the distinctive synthetic weighting g in each unit _kRepeatedly with six base band FFT storehouses of symbol excitation.Gain is expanded in this synthetic weighting exactly, it to each packet according at random or pseudo-random fashion be provided with.In frequency domain, carry out this expansion, multiply by baseband signal in the time domain with one group of overlapping or stacked synthesis sine carrier waveform.Actual expansion is finished by a large-scale FFT of direct-drive storehouse, has significantly reduced complexity of calculation, the capacity that makes output FFT have appropriateness.Adopt the Kaiser-Bessel window of β=9 to come space between " filling up " single-tone in the present invention, do not allow interference between these single-tones and the adjacent single-tone generation single-tone.Particularly the β of high value can produce interference between adjacent single-tone, and the interference of being separated by between the farther single-tone is very little.

Non-grope or collimation technique uses the knowledge of baseband data sequence or channel distortions and expansion gain to produce desirable weighting according to the signal estimation method of optimizing; For example be to adopt technics of least squares.Grope or non-collimation technique utilizes in the baseband signal more generally characteristic to come adaptive de-spread weighting.The mixing that also can adopt these technology with the known of baseband signal and/or transmission channel and not principal component construct a kind of effective scheme.The example of especially effectively groping technology comprises constant-modulus, and compound-modulus and direction are determined technology.For example be to use the characteristic of a text symbol group of stars to come adaptive de-spread weighting.In demodulator (Figure 12), there are many methods can be used for adaptive polynary de-spread weighting.A kind of model prediction that is dominant (DMP) method is at first arranged, and it has drawn the known grouping time of advent or the advantage of the known extensions parameter of Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier signal.Secondly also have the code gating from relevant (SCORE) method of recovering, it has drawn the advantage of the non-null relation between the known relevant certainly or signal component of spread spectrum in the Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier signal.

In this two classes basic skills, relevant certainly recovery technology surveys for single packet and the detection of Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier signal has the highest value.

Conventional frequency spectrum and other types relevant certainly recovers to have drawn known frequency spectrum and/or the conjugation advantage from coherence.This is a kind of frequency displacement of given signal of communication and/or the non-null relation between the conjugation composition.The method of groping does not need to know in advance the content of useful signal or the source of signal.Thereby do not need to train the aerial array of receiver with specific receiver calibration information.The method of groping is to have adopted self to the be mutually related knowledge of specific frequency shift of useful signal.Referring to B.Agee, S.Schell, W.Gardner, " Self-Coherence Restoral:A New Approach to BlindAdaptation of Antenna Arrays; " in Proceedings of the Twenty-FirstAsilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 1987.Can also be referring to B.Agee, S.Schell, W.Gardner, " Self-Coherence Restoral:A NewApproach to Blind Adaptative Signal Extraction Using AntennaArrays; " IEEE Proceedings, Vol.78, No.4, pp.753-767, April 1990.Can also be referring to B.Agee, " The Property Restoral Approach to BlindAdaptative Signal Extraction, " Ph.D.Dissertation, University ofCalifornia, Davis, CA, 1989.

In a kind of bilateral frequency band amplitude-modulated signal because the form of bilateral frequency band amplitude-modulated signal, also because true-IF performance, true-IF performance that any sort signal is handled all with its carrier frequency and DC conjugation symmetry.These symmetries are offset each other, cause the positive and negative frequency content of signal to be equal to each other.Useful signal by calculating the amplitude modulation of bilateral frequency band and by frequency displacement the coefficient correlation between the self-replication product of two times of carrier waves can observe this perfect frequency spectrum from the coherence.The frequency displacement operator mixes the negative frequency composition mutually with the frequency band that the positive frequency composition occupies, and makes coefficient correlation have the value of non-zero.Only be when this frequency shift value is used to duplicate, just this nonzero value can occur.Coefficient correlation is less than the integer in this example.Just can obtain an integer coefficient correlation by irrelevant non-being laminated with of filtering in the bilateral frequency band amplitude-modulated signal of original and frequency displacement with the signal wireless signal of telecommunication.

In Figure 14, adopt a kind of recovery of carrying out the data-signal x (t) that antenna more than is received from relevant recovery (SCORE) processor 350 that intersects.Processor 350 is at first by a series of filtering, and frequency displacement and adjoint operator are handled the data of reception, produce one only with the relevant signal u (t) of signal of processor aiming.Make original and treated signal x (t)=u (t) can make synthesizer output signal y (t)=w then by a pair of " x (t) and r (t)=c " the wave beam and the idle bit adjuster (linear element synthesizer) 352 and 354 of coefficient correlation maximum between the u (t).The Control Parameter that is used for aiming at processor has the filter operator that is configured to a delay operator usually, frequency shift value α and conjugation sign (*).These processor parameters are set at the value that can produce powerful coefficient correlation when not disturbing, and for example are sending under the situation of useful signal to processor.

Figure 15 and 16 is illustrated in the code gating operation of adopting in the general code gating SCORE operation.Some code gating structure need be revised expander and Solution Expander data flow and structure thereof significantly.A kind of method that can be used for code gating SCORE Solution Expander adaptive algorithm has been described herein.Also exist can be between grouping or between frequency cells inside rather than the frequency cells additive method of run time version gating.For example be the K that is striding the even number grouping _CellIndividual baseband signalling is with gating code repeating data symbol, and can not have influence on the data flow by expander and Solution Expander.

Expanding element is divided into K part〉=2 subclass, K SCOREUnit/subclass-K part＝K spread, the unit that in independent subset, forms, K SCORE=1 unit/subclass

-K part=2, the unit is divided into even number and odd number subclass, K SCORE＝K spread/ 2 unit/subclass-K part·K SCORE＝K spreadEach unit under the various situations in the subclass uses identical code key-c (n; K part/+k)＝c(n；k)，k＝O，...，K part-1，/＝0，...，K spread-1， K SCORE -1-distortion: c (n; K)=c (n; (k) K part)，k＝0，...，K spread-1， (k)K partThe K of=mould-k partSend (multilayer carrier multiple access) by a plurality of SCSS subchannels, each subchannel adopts the different code key-permission of same structure that each subclass (carrying out the idle bit operation) is divided into K array·K SCOREIndividual SCSS subchannel-can improve each user's data speed (a plurality of subchannels of each user)-provide multiple accessing communication (multi-user uses unit communication)-can refuse K SCORE-1SCSS disturbs (cellular communication)-need bigger time bandwidth product to reach in the identical adjusting level practice K partBe adjusted to and use K part＝K spreadAn asynchronous point-right-link, the cell-overlap system, non-SCSS disturbs very high, and rapid convergence time is subject matter K part=2 points-right-multipoint link, the SCMA system, SCSS disturbs very high

The code gating has recovered to draw communication system and has possessed advantage from coherence messages from relevant, and for the self adaptation expander offers convenience, but the gated information of only obtaining in the communication system just can be known this information.Present invention includes two kinds of code gating SCORE methods.

Be suitable for most a kind of of multiple accessing communication and before relevant restoration methods is included in extended operation the base band telegraph signal taked the operation of unique code gating, it all is to determine uniquely to each link in the communication system.For example, if each unit of frequency cells is divided into even number and two subclass of odd number, and only the odd number subclass is adopted code key, shown in Figure 15 and 16.On the even number subclass, adopt the method spread data symbol shown in Figure 11 and the relevant explanation.

The odd number subclass is also crossed over the similar extended method of employing.Yet at first the data symbol run time version gating operation to sending with these unit be multiply by a constant modulus code key c (m)=[c all different to each user m in the network with these unit ₄(m)].This operating on the multiple access Solution Expander is opposite.After de-spread operation but before the output of the Solution Expander that adopts on dual numbers and the odd number frequency cells is made up, multiply by the code key c* (m) of conjugation with the odd number frequency cells.On a single user (SCSS) transceiver, the only single code key run time version gating operation that this SCSS transceiver is adopted.In obtaining the process of single packet, before the linear combination operation (conjugation) code key of de-spread is being offered each the odd number frequency cells that receives on each transceiver antenna.

The effect of code gating operation is to allow the signal that sends with this code key have unified coefficient correlation between even number and odd number frequency cells after the odd number frequency cells multiply by the de-spread code key.Otherwise same code gating operation can make the every other signal that adopts different code keys to send have very little coefficient correlation between even number and odd number frequency cells.Unless (suppose the unknown) delay and Doppler frequency displacement on received signal, occur, all can keep this state.The signal of crossing over then gained is directly inputted to intersection shown in Figure 14-SCORE algorithm, use even number (not having gating) frequency cells to replace x (t) therein, and with odd number (gating) frequency cells replacement u (t), t conventional letter index q=1 wherein, ..., K _CellRather than time index.The de-spread weighting can make the coefficient correlation maximum between the output of the de-spread information synthesizer that puts on even number and odd number frequency cells.

This method only just can detect any link of conciliating in the extended network clearly according to code key known on the link.Accurately whether in single user SCSS transceiver, transceiver is the link de-spread to communicating with only, do not need extra operation to obtain this link and discern signal that its transmits.If temporarily lose owing in long-distance transmission, unfavorable channel conditions such as " port shuffle " occurs, can also recover link automatically.On multi-user SCMA transceiver, this method only just can detect clearly according to the known codes key that uses during to transceiver with node link, each bar link that de-spread and identification transceiver are supported can not occur port along with the variation of channel condition and transfer or shuffle.This code key can be by comprising that the code gating operates in interior scramble and realizes maintaining secrecy.

Can also summarize basic code gating SCORE method with multiple mode.Particularly can dual numbers and the odd number frequency adopt code key, so just can improve the correlation between fail safe and the removal frequency cells.The code gating can also be applied to time rather than frequency, adopts the code gating that is left in the basket during the even number grouping and carries out on all frequency cells during the odd number grouping to send data symbol on subsequent packets.If extended code is remained unchanged in these paired groupings, this scheme just can use more effectively automatically-and the SCORE method adapts to the de-spread weighting.

* in some environment, can adopt stronger algorithm-channel response roughly the same from the response on a plurality of expansion subsets (synthetic scaler different) if-ambient interferences and each superset on roughly the same * obtain roughly the same on PRML assessment-force expansion gain and each expansion subset-force roughly the same-despreading on de-spread weighting and each expansion subset weighting be set to certainly-the dominant pattern * of SCORE eigen[value is better than intersecting-adjusting of SCORE eigen[value-fairly simple-same time-bandwidth product relatively the every subset of standard-maximum SINR in network application equate-can not occur/asymptotic mistuning saves the real channel response imbalance on each subset of some shortcomings of *, mould error sensitivity is needed tracking/elimination time and/or Doppler (algorithm is very simple) in de-spread operates

Can also use a large amount of frequencies or grouping subclass in system, each subclass adopts one group of independently code key.In this case, Solution Expander adopts the intersection SCORE method of a kind of broad sense that obtains from the super vector of intersection-SCORE eigen[value is explained.Referring to B.Agee, " The Property-Restoral Approach to Blind Adaptive SignalExtraction, " in Proc.1989 CSI-ARO Workshop on Advanced Topics inCommunications, May 1989, Ruidoso, NM; And B.Agee, " The PropertyRestoral Approach to Blind Adaptive SignalExtraction, " Ph.D.Dissertation, University of California, Davis, CA, June 1989.The quantity of the multiple accessing communication that transceiver can be supported descends along with increasing of frequency subsets quantity, but the stability of weighted calculation makes moderate progress, and noise descends, and the non-multilayer carrier elimination ability of this algorithm remains unchanged.The restriction of frequency subsets quantity equals spreading coefficient K _Spread

The code gating adopts multiple unit directly to extract useful baseband signal from the relevant pattern that is dominant of recovering eigen[value from the super vector of channelized data from relevant restoration methods.This method is carried out the space filtering of frequency dependence simultaneously, the inner combined antenna in each unit on the useful signal of expansion unit, and, be combined into frequency cells to result's data-signal de-spread.

As long as accessible maximal solution expansion of the packet that receives and beam shaping SINR are positive, the code gating just can receive operation effectively on the SINR at plus or minus from relevant restoration methods.This method can be used as a kind of intrinsic de-spread, and the linear combination operator adapts to aerial array.Antenna to any amount comprises K _Array=1 single antenna system can adopt identical method.The code gating does not need to know in advance the expansion gain or the text sequence on basis from relevant restoration methods on its any execution point.This method does not need the text sequence search time of de-spread or Doppler frequency displacement.

The code gating is used for detecting new signal packets from the relevant eigenvalue that is dominant of recovering eigen[value when opening communication link first.Receiver is worked as required, returns pulse to the other end when sending a grouping in communication channel.

Also can adopt additive method in the raising or detect the packet of Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier effectively after relevant recovery of code gating.Particularly predict the maximum code gating from the relevant average and standard deviation that recovers eigenvalue from the relevant minority of the recovering eigen[value eigenvalue that is dominant, thereby improved detecting reliability greatly with the code gating.Mean value with prediction reduces real dominant eigenvalue then, and calibrates according to the standard deviation of prediction, has strengthened the statistical trends of correct detection greatly.

Additive method is to adopt downstream de-spread and demodulation operator to guarantee detection of packets at the code gating between relevant convalescence.

Initial Doppler during obtaining first packet recovers to adopt the spatial scalability equalizer of frequency domain analogue, extract first packet at the reception place FFT that full weight is built, and the output signal as a result that downconverts to launch site frequency reconstruction is carried out secondary sampling with a kind of linear interpolation.Adopting suitable adaptive approach that the data at single-tone center are carried out the linear combination weighting samples again.Adopting least square characteristic recovery algorithms for example is the modulus variation that the constant modulus method reduces the de-spread data symbol as far as possible.The characteristic that least square constant modulus method has been drawn the emission data tones that adopts the generation of BPSK modulation format has the advantage of constant modulus, but, if the Doppler frequency displacement of the signal of emission experience is a single-tone non-integer multiple at interval, this characteristic is just destroyed.Least square constant modulus method is recovered this characteristic for the Solution Expander output signal.All these operations are all in tangible Doppler frequency displacement with carry out under the environment path delay.Referring to B.Agee, " TheLeast-Squares CMA:A New Approach to Rapid Correction of ConstantModulus Signals; " in Proc.1986, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol.2, pg.19.2.1, April 1986, Tokyo, Japen.

There are two kinds of methods can be used for producing antenna array weights into transfer of data.Reverse transfer and conjugation receive weighting the emission weighting are set pro rata, and directional pattern and conjugation grouping control vector are provided with the emission weighting pro rata.The most suitable civilian telecommunications of reverse mode and military range intercommunication are used, and interference signal may be other members in the multi-point communication network.

Directional pattern is suitable for transmitter major concern disguise most and artificial disturbance and interception platform are not in the application scenario of same position.It is useful that this pattern suffers in the strong application of disturbing at communications platform, in order to communicate by letter under the situation that has the interference radio radiation, must transmit maximum power to the other end of communication link.Yet this method does not have attraction character to the oriented energy from other interference in the cooperation communication system.

Directional pattern also provides a kind of multiplier adaptive strategy, if space link adopts very big coupling spreading coefficient, and the complexity of simplified solution expander greatly just.

The reverse transfer pattern has been described herein.Reverse mode is the transmitter antenna array weighting to be arranged on equal the conjugation array weight that the signal reception period is calculated.Drop on the same frequency band if transmit and receive operator, and any inherent difference that transmits and receives between the path is balanced that transmitter antenna array just adopts the gain figure identical with the receiver antenna array.Transmitter antenna array is assessed invalid direction on the direction that the signal reception period may occur disturbing.The invalid degree of depth that adopts on all directions is to determine according to the interference strength that receives.

In this article, g _kBe a K _Array* 1 vector, and the polynary expansion vector of representative employing the time by frequency cells " K " emission, the polynary de-spread vector w that adopts when receiver receives by frequency cells " K " _kRepresentative, it also is a K _Array* 1 vector.

Embodiments of the invention are selected the emission weighting for frequency a kind of optimum structure are provided, and adopt one group of different K on each expanding element _Array* 1 expansion (g _k) weighting expands emission grouping.A kind of frequency is set selects the back emitted weighting, the K that on each frequency cells, adopts with the signal reception period _Array* 1 linear synthesizer de-spread weighting w _k(polynary) expansion gain g is set pro rata _k, make g _k=λ w _kThis pattern is effective especially for the environment that is subjected to the wide-band interferer domination, because the restriction that the invalid degree of depth that produces can be subjected to adopting on each frequency cells aerial array disperses.In this case, processor can make interference source invalid on frequency and space.Transmitter antenna array only makes each interference source on those occupied frequency cells of interference source invalid.Help receiving the useful signal grouping like this, still,, do not influence grouping of emission if with target alignment packet radio signal of telecommunication away from position of interference source on the whole group passband.If the quantity of local frequency interference source has surpassed the antenna element quantity in the aerial array, any means all can not reach this purpose.

The directional transmissions pattern is arranged on the transmitter antenna array weighting and equals (conjugation) K _Array* 1 grouping control vector.If transmitting and receiving operator drops on the same frequency band, just can be by the aerial array that obtains in any difference that transmits and receives between the path in the balanced emission/reception handoff procedure in the past suitably with the other end of maximum wireless electrical power sensing communication link, or close this link with minimum transmitting radio energy.Directional antenna can be ignored the position of interference source, and for example, it only is that hypothesis interception machine is any position that is in the communication link scope.

The present invention can realize orientation method on the basis that frequency is selected.It can provide some benefits, but broadband connections; The link exception because the scope that grouping control vector changes is very big, has a large amount of K on the grouping passband _SpreadValue, or communication channel high degree of dispersion.Yet this is unimportant, because the maximum power pattern can not be subjected to dividing into groups to control the grievous injury of the secondary error in the vector.

If communication link is subjected to strong artificial disturbance, or must for example be assessment grouping control vector in the single grouping at short commitment defini interval, the error of assessment may be very big.Particularly too simple method can cause the directional transmitter aerial array to point to the powerful wave beam of sources of environmental interference emitted energy.Directional transmission method or grouping control vector evaluator should be simply to being enough to realize that with cheap means still being sophisticated to again is enough to work reliably in the desired extent of artificial disturbance and transmission environment.

There are three kinds of control vector appraisal procedures available.The firstth, correlation technique utilizes the relation between the grouped data that receives and assess to assess grouping control vector.The secondth, polynary ML-class ratio method adopts according to suitable simplified condition and exists PRML (ML) evaluator that obtains under channel multiplexing (polynary) data conditions to assess grouping and controls vector.The 3rd is the parameter method, adopts suitable parameter model to retrain grouping control vector, thereby further optimizes polynary evaluator.

Correlation technique is to be used for assessing the simplest method in the middle of three kinds of methods of grouping control vector.The weakness of this method is, considers the assessment that obtains under the condition that has single interference source, and the grouping control vector that this assessment narrows down to according to interference source that receives and the calibration of the cross correlation between the packet signal adds interference source control vector.Be far longer than the 1/S of interference source signal for this cross correlation being reduced to zero required time-bandwidth product (sampling), for example, if interference source than strong 50 dB of grouping signal, just need 1,000,000 sampling.Therefore, this method is normally worthless.

PRML (ML) the appraisal procedure assessment grouping control vector that other two kinds of method utilizations are optimized overcomes this restriction.The assessment result that produces can be utilized simply (non-parameter) or parameter to control vector model and provide accurate control vector assessed value under the broadband or the condition of local frequency interference source existing.Can also predict the performance of these assessed values in addition with the Cramer-Rao marginal analysis of routine.

For useful performance border is derived in any non-parameter control vector assessment that obtains in the polynary environment.The data that receive are divided into Kspread independent frequency unit, comprise one in each unit according to the compound control vector calibration of the unknown and be subjected to known (or estimation) grouping base band of extra compound Gaussian interference effect.Simulate control vector in the Pe unit with ak=gk, " a " wherein is (frequency independently) grouping control vector, and the gk single antenna packet expansion that to be the scalar potential that obtains on Kth expanding element receive gains.Suppose that it is independently that compound Gaussian disturbs each unit, and in Kth unit, temporarily write average value of zero and unknown autocorrelation matrix

Suppose that grouping control vector a is a kind of any complex of the Karray n dimensional vector n of Karray dimension, for example, a not only is confined to any parameter model group (being the set of matrices of parameter with the azimuth and the elevation angle for example).The control vector assessment of adopting this modelling to get up for example has non-parameter technology.Referring to H.Van Trees, Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part I, New York:Wiley, 1968.Adopt the Cramer-Rao bounding theory, just can obtain any agonic assessed value, it has the assessment precision (root-mean-square error) that is defined by given Cramer-Rao border.Matrix R is translated into the interference autocorrelation matrix

" on average " of broad sense, it equals the inverse of average contrary autocorrelation matrix.

In most preferred embodiment, spatial control vector and spread spectrum gain (gk) adopt following formula to calculate

$R={\left(\underset{k=1}{\overset{K_{\mathrm{spread}}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\left|g_k\right|}^2{R}_{H_k{H}_k}^{-1}\right)}^{-1}$

$a=R\left(\underset{k=1}{\overset{K_{\mathrm{spread}}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{g}_k{w}_k\right)$

And

$g_k=\frac{w_k^{H}a}{a^H{R}_{H_k{H}_k}^{-1}a}$

RHKHK wherein is the data autocorrelation matrix of measuring on the adapter block of spectrum unit K, and wk is the spatial component that spectrum unit K goes up the de-spread weighting of adopting.Control vector and de-spread gain can also be used to the de-spread weighting wk of computed improved, can be used for carrying out spatial manipulation (linear combination of each frequency cells) and frequency spectrum processing (linear combinations of all frequency cells) then in multistage de-spread program.

Multilayer carrier spread spectrum radio electrical communication equipment shown in Fig. 1-14 combines the idle bit technology that other embodiment of the present invention provides.The idle bit interference cancellation techniques can make up effectively with the multilayer carrier spread spectrum technique.About the details of idle bit technology can referring to Brian Agee " Solving theNear-Far Problem:Exploitation of Spatial and Spectral Diversity inWireless Personal Communication Networks; " Wireless PersonalCommunications, people such as edited by Theodore S.Rappaport, KluwerAcademic Publishers, 1994, Ch.7.And referring to people such as Sourour " Two StageCo-channel Inference Cancellation in Orthogonal Multi-Carrier CDMAin a Frequency Selective Fading Channel; " IEEE PIMRC ' 94, pp.189-193.Can also be referring to " Multi Carrier CDMA System withCo-channel Inference Cancellation, " March 1994 of people such as Kondo, IEEE, #0-7803-1927, pp.1640-1644.

Basic multilayer carrier spread spectrum radio electrical communication equipment shown in Fig. 1-14 can be combined among the multiple access embodiment of the present invention, simultaneously according to the space, frequency and/or code are separated independently channel, for example be that space division multiple access connects (SDMA), frequency division multiple access connects (FDMA) and code division multiple access connects (CDMA).

The aerial array that adopts in SDMA embodiment can be spatially directed selectively, for example is to set up two Minimum Areas.The machine that transmits and receives in each zone to the aerial array that it is corresponding be tuned to only accept the opposing party of the transmitter-receiver centering under it, it is right to exclude in other zone of other MAC multiple access channel now other.Embodiments of the invention are carried out self identification by SDMA technology and multilayer carrier spread spectrum technique make up.Further details about SDMA can be referring to " Adaptive Antenna Arrays forGSM900/DSC1800, " March 1994 of people such as Forssen, IEEE#0-7803-1927, pp.605-609.Can also be referring to people's such as Talwar " Reception of Multiple C0-Channel DigitalSignals using Antenna Arrays with Applications to PCS, " 1994, IEEE#0-7803-1825, pp.790-794.Can also be referring to " A Novel AlgorlthmFor Flexible Beam Forming for Adaptive Space Division Multiple AccessSystems, " IEEE PIMRC ' 94 of people such as Weis, pp.729a-729e.The combination of CDMA and aerial array can be referring to " Performance of CDMA Cellular Network WithBase-Station Antenna Arrays:The Downlink, " 1994IEEE of people such as Naguib, #0-7803-1825, pp.795-799.And " Experimental Studies ofSpace-Division-Multiple-Access Schemes for Spectral Efficient WirelessCommunications, " 1994IEEE of people such as Xu, #0-7803-1825, pp.800-804.Can also be referring to " Influence of the User Mobility on the Spatial MultiplexGain of an Adaptive SDMA System, " IEEE PIMRC ' 94 of M.Tangemann, pp.745-749.

In FDMA embodiment, each channel is adopted the subclass of a plurality of carrier waves, for example be two minimum subclass, have two minimum frequency diversity carrier waves separately and be used for setting up two minimum channels.The machine that transmits and receives in each zone to the carrier subset that it is corresponding be tuned to exclude other carrier subset of other MAC multiple access channel now.Embodiments of the invention are carried out self identification by FDMA technology and multilayer carrier spread spectrum technique make up.

Adopted a plurality of expansions and de-spread weighting in CDMA embodiment, each group is used for channel separately.Navigation neceiver in global positioning system (GPS) has adopted this multiple access mode exactly.Embodiments of the invention are made up the multilayer carrier spread spectrum technique of CDMA technology and Fig. 1-14 and have been surmounted prior art.Can be referring to " On Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) Modem Design, " 1994IEEE#0-7803-1927 of people such as Fettweis, pp.1670-1674 about CDMA in the multicarrier environmental applications.Can also referring to people such as DaSilva " MultiCarrier Orthogonal CDMA Signals forQuasi-Synchronous Communication Systems; " IEEE Journal on SelectedAreas in Communication, Vol.12, No.5, June 1994.Can also be referring to " MultiCarrier Transmission Technique in Cellular MobileCommunication Systems, " March 1994 of people such as Reiners, IEEE #0-7803-1927, pp.1645-1649.Further referring to " Multi-Carrier CDMA in IndoorWireless Radio Networks, " IEEE Trans.Comm. of people such as Yee, Vol.E77-B, No.7, July1994, pp.900-904.Under the channel fading environment, use CDMA can referring to Stefan Kaiser " On the Performance of Different Detection Techniques forOFDM-CDMA in Fading Channels; " Institute for CommunicationTechnology, German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, 1994.And referring to " AnATM-CDMA Air Interface For Mobile Personal Communications, " IEEEPIMRC ' 94 of people such as Chandler, pp.110-113.About this technology further describe can also referring to people such as Chouly " Orthogonal multicarrier techniques applied to direct sequencespread spectrum CDMA systems; " 1993 IEEE, #0-7803-0917, pp.1723-1728.

People such as Bar-Ness at " Synchronous Multi-User Multi-Carrier CDMACommunication System With Decorrelating InterferenceCanceller; " IEEE, PIMRC ' 94, described the combination that CDMA multiple carrier is conciliate related interference cancellation techniques among the pp.184-188.

The multiple access method that is used for multilayer carrier spread spectrum radio telecommunication comprises that synthetic amplitude and phase gain according to a plurality of discrete frequency channels synthesis sine separately constitute the multilayer carrier expansion gain of launching.On transmitter, expand narrowband baseband data arbitrarily then with a vector multiplier and a reverse channel multiplexer.Next step is exactly to send simultaneously from transmitter after expanding on a plurality of discrete frequency channels according to multilayer carrier expansion gain.Receiver utilizes linear synthesizer of the inner product of vector and Frequency reuser to a plurality of discrete frequency channel de-spread, recovers the expansion front signal of narrowband baseband arbitrarily, exempts channel disturbance.Channel can be discontinuous and be distributed in a plurality of frequency bands.Or in emission, adopt overlapping channel, and comprise OFDM formula modulation format.Or the data of emission grouping, base band data is expanded, send, and according to the channel multiplexer structure of OFDM formula to discrete grouping de-spread.

Grouping can be overlapping in time, continuously, or discontinuous.In most preferred embodiment, receive one or more grouping in proper order from the other end of link after, send one or more grouping in order.Send in order and receive a plurality of groupings and can realize asymmetric communication, for example be to transmit in one direction than more grouping on another direction, and can increase the guard time between sending and receiving, for example can be used in cellular communications networks, solving the interference problem of base station the base station.

Discrete Multitone and Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier have been drawn in Discrete Multitone OFDM and the combination with aerial array treatment technology of Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier and aerial array treatment technology not have the advantage that spreads.Obvious improvement to the adaptive antenna array performance all needs to eliminate spatial interference in any application, not needing to regulate static or accurate static linearity diffusion in the adaptive receiver front (for example is because the front end receiver defectiveness, non-zero array aperture, and fixing multiple scattering and reflection).This point is particularly useful in honeycomb fashion point-right-multi-point communication network, in this network, comprise and being used for connecting (SDMA) topological logic for the space division multiple access of communicating by letter between a plurality of users on the same group of channel, because each spatial processor must form the invalid of the degree of depth on to the noisy direction of the user in this mesh.

Code division multiple access connects (CDMA) and adopts each group expansion gain of linear independent (normally quadrature) to send a plurality of signals on same group of channel.On Solution Expander, adopt suitable combined weighted to separate these signals.

The advantage of Resistant DS Spread Spectrum System is the multiple access of space division multiple access articulated, gets rid of and disturbs, and have channel equalization ability (idle bit technology).The idle bit technology has been applied to symbol-modulated direct sequence spread spectrum (MOS-DSSS) or pulse modulation direct sequence spread spectrum (MOP-DSSS) form, and the cycle of expansion gain accurately equals an integer (mark space often) of text symbol.The combination of idle bit technology and multilayer carrier modulation format is useful, for example can be used for eliminating spectral redundancy and disturb in HF/VHF frequency hopping interception system.In the prior art, cooperated the multilayer carrier signal that imitates troposcatter link to adopt to comprise the general frequency hopping interception technology of idle bit interference eliminated.Point-to the communicating by letter of point and point-right-multiple spot, this transmitter and interference source wherein comprises multilayer carrier spread-spectrum modulation form but the present invention has then arrived this technological expansion.For example comprised further that directional data gropes adaptive method, be used in optimization solution expansion on the basis of known features of business that communication system sends and pilot data.

The present invention is in the same place the communication of multilayer carrier spread spectrum formula with the idle bit technical combinations based on interference eliminated, improve capability of communication system, improves the tolerance limit to channel distortions, and less relies on the relation between the expansion gain.Do not need the quadrature approximation, and embodiments of the invention are not too responsive to narrow band interference or the member's of other system multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal.Combine if will be used for eliminating the idle bit technology and the multilayer carrier spread spectrum communications network of interference, this effect is best.Particularly, if the combination of given identical expansion gain and idle bit device (linear synthesizer) comprises that number of links that the multilayer carrier spread spectrum communication link of the idle bit technology that is used for eliminating interference can be supported can reach two times of symbol-modulated Direct swquence spread spectrum system.

The present invention has made up the building block technique that is used to eliminate interference and has been used for the data-directed method of adaptive Solution Expander in network.This system's ratio that combines is used for a little-right-have obvious superiority with competing method that point-(multiple access) communicates by letter to multiple spot.This system can draw the advantage of full bandwidth time quantum in the communication system, thus the detection of the Solution Expander in the shortening system and tracking time.This system can also be on Solution Expander the multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal of appointment of de-spread and demodulation useful signal, do not need to know the expansion gain (groping the de-spread characteristic) that signal transmitter is included, in network, use code gating strategy thereby simplify or save, and can adopt reverse technology optimization to be used for the expansion gain of communication channel and network.Receive the multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal that (in the unit or outside the unit) do not have interference by Solution Expander, do not need to know the expansion gain or the degree of interference signal, so just can be much simpler than (typical nonlinear) sequence method, the latter need separate on receiver and be in harmonious proportion again modulated interferer and useful signal.Can be for the diffusion of static line channel provide automatic compensation, diffusion effect is reduced in the inside that is included in system front end, does not need to know or the diffusion of actual estimation channel, so just can reduce the complexity of de-spread method and system hardware.

The idle bit technology can expand to spatial processing technique reverse transfer method easy to use, improves the ratio of performance to price of total system greatly.

Idle bit and spatial processing technique and the adaptive antenna array that is used for wave beam control made up to be improved the common antenna receiving-sending letter machine scope that is beyond one's reach.This combination can also improve the capacity of polynary network by the interference that reduces the adjacent cells generation.Be used to eliminate the enough capacity that improves communication network of organizing into groups more closely of invalid control energy of interference.Marshalling more closely can separate the frequency of coincideing in inside, unit, so just can adopt space division multiple access to connect topological logic.Can adopt the through type method that aerial array and idle bit technology are made up, increase the dimension of idle bit device, for example be used for interblock space channel and time channel in the MOS-DSSS system, or by increasing idle bit device dimension interblock space channel and frequency channels in the multilayer carrier spread spectrum system.

The multilayer carrier spread spectrum modulation formats allows Solution Expander to reduce multilayer carrier spread-spectrum expansion gain along with the increase of space channel quantity, so that maintenance is as the complexity of the idle bit device constant of the function of antenna element quantity.So just can provide the stable data direction-finding receiver between in good time.Linear complexity increases along with the increase of antenna in the communication network and number of users.And user's spatial distribution reduces along with the increase of communication beams.

The combination of directed reverse transfer technology of idle bit data adaptive and multilayer carrier band spectrum modulation provides a kind of superior communication mode.Can improve a little-right-and the user capacity of point-right-multi-point link, scope, power, and/or cost efficiency, these performances all are better than all channel pre-emphasis method.

The combination of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum and adaptive antenna array helps to eliminate spatial coherence and disturbs, for example be in honeycomb multilayer carrier spread-spectrum network, interference source can come the signal of other member in the automatic network, and multi-antenna array mainly is to use on the base station in network.

Figure 17 represents a kind of T/F form of tdd communication systems.

Figure 18 represents a kind of effective single-tone form of basic DMT modulator-demodulator.

Figure 19 represents a kind of emittor/receiver calibration steps.The calibration of system and compensation have two kinds of independently patterns.SCSS cal signal injects receiver from the cal switch, measures the RX path diffusion.The SCSScal signal, is measured the synthetic path that transmits and receives by change over switch and is spread to output receiver by way of transmit modulator.Transmission path is to derive according to synthetic reception and emission cal data.In the DSP rear end, carry out compensation by emission and treatment S CSS cal waveform.

Figure 20 is a kind of integrated single antenna T/R and the schematic diagram of DMT modulator-demodulator (based on the DMT of SCMA).

Figure 21 has generally represented the schematic diagram of a kind of single line code gating intersection-SCORE extended operation.It is handled for single line is best pattern.Can use intersection-SCORE algorithm according to the rapid convergence time (minimum TBP).Can not be subjected to the influence of timing and Doppler frequency displacement.It can eliminate Karray interference of each inside, unit reliably.It can separate Karray SCSS signal.Its deficiency is to separate reliably＞a Karray SCSS signal (not carrying out idle bit), and can not relative adjustment arrive maximum SINR in the very big environment of frequency change.

Figure 22 represents that an example has the single line code gating intersection-SCORE de-spread operation of Kspread subset of cells.

Figure 23 represents that an example has a kind of single line intersection-SCORE algorithm of Nframe grouping/adapter frame.The de-spread weighting is to calculate according to the holotype of multistage intersection SCORE eigen[value.

Figure 24 represents a kind of single adapter frame auto-correlation statistical calculation.

Figure 25 represents to have a kind of intersection-SCORE eigen[value of Kspread subset of cells.The de-spread weighting is to calculate according to the holotype of multistage intersection SCORE eigen[value.

Figure 26 represents to have a kind of code key generator of Kpart＜Kspread subset of cells.

Figure 27 represents to have the code key generator of a kind of equivalence of Kpart＜Kspread subset of cells.

Figure 28 represents to have a kind of intersection-SCORE eigen[value of Kpart subclass.The de-spread weighting is to calculate according to the holotype of multistage intersection SCORE eigen[value.

Figure 29 represents to have a kind of intersection-SCORE eigen[value of two subset of cells.The de-spread weighting is to calculate according to the holotype of multistage intersection SCORE eigen[value.

Figure 30 represents a kind of multilink code gating intersection-SCORE expander.It is a kind of improved mode that multilink is handled.It allows to revise intersection SCORE convergence time at the SCSS disturbed condition.It can not be subjected to regularly and the influence of Doppler frequency displacement.It can eliminate Karray interference of each inside, unit reliably.It can separate Karray*Kscore SCSS signal.Its deficiency is to separate reliably＞a Karray*Kscore SCSS signal (not exclusively idle bit), and can not relative adjustment arrive maximum STAR in the very big environment of frequency change.

Figure 31 represents to adopt a kind of single line code gating of frequency gating and two subset of cells automatic-the SCORE extended operation.It is a kind of optimal mode of height mobility systems.It can separate Karray*Kscore SCSS link.Karray the non-SCSS that it can eliminate each inside, unit disturbs.It can not be subjected to regularly and the influence of Doppler frequency displacement.Its deficiency is to separate＞a Kscore SCSS link (not exclusively idle bit), and needs (simply) regularly to follow the tracks of as the part of de-spread algorithm.

Figure 32 adopts a kind of single line code gating of frequency gating and two subset of cells automatic-operation of SCORE de-spread.

Figure 33 represents to adopt a kind of automatic-SCORE eigen[value of frequency gating and two subset of cells.

A kind of single line code gating that Figure 34 represents to adopt time gated and the redundant gating of half rate automatically-the SCORE expansion.It is a kind of optimal mode of Hypomobility system.It can separate Karray*Kspread SCSS link.Karray the non-SCSS that it can eliminate each inside, unit disturbs.It can not be subjected to regularly and the influence of Doppler frequency displacement.3dB SNR is provided on Solution Expander gain.Its deficiency is that capacity reduces half, and needs (simply) Doppler to follow the tracks of as the part of de-spread algorithm.

A kind of single line code gating that Figure 35 represents to adopt time gated and the redundant gating of half rate automatically-the SCORE de-spread.

In a word, adaptive antenna array can be used for increasing the network system capacity, adopts wave beam control, invalid control, or the combination of wave beam and invalid control.The combination of this invalid control or wave beam and invalid control technology is combined with the DMT/OFDM channel multiplexer of the channelizing of using as SCSS expander/Solution Expander in the present invention.

Although the present invention with reference to specific embodiment describe, should be realized that everything is not construed as limiting the present invention.Those skilled in the art's various modifications and changes of after having read specification, having the ability fully to make.Therefore, the purpose of claims is to cover all modifications and the change that belongs in the principle and scope of the present invention.

Claims (26)

1. multiple accessing communication system comprises:

Launch at least one radio transmitter of a plurality of radio-frequency carriers;

At least one radio receiver is used for receiving at least two at least one subclass in above-mentioned a plurality of radio-frequency carriers;

Be connected at least one expander on each transmitter, the amplitude and the phase place that adopt the gain of first digital extended and first data to modulate at least two above-mentioned radio-frequency carriers independently and redundantly;

Be connected at least one Solution Expander on each receiver, adopt above-mentioned first digital extended gain amplitude and the phase place of at least two above-mentioned radio-frequency carriers of demodulation independently, to recover above-mentioned first data; And

The multiple access device that is connecting transmitter, receiver, expander and Solution Expander connects SDMA, frequency division multiple access with space division multiple access and connects FDMA and code division multiple access at least a independent communication channel that provides among the CDMA is provided.

2. according to the system of claim 1, it is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned SDMA further comprises the aerial array that is connected to above-mentioned transmitter and receiver, and provides the data channel of selection to send and receive according to its relative tertiary location between each is to transmitter and receiver.

3. according to the system of claim 1, it is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned FDMA further comprises the radio-frequency carrier of minimum number, and at least two subclass of carrier wave are provided for the communication additional data channel between each is to transmitter and receiver according to the coupling subclass of above-mentioned radio-frequency carrier.

4. according to the system of claim 1, it is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned CDMA further comprises at least one gain of second digital extended and second data, and the communication of above-mentioned at least first and second data is provided between each is to transmitter and receiver according to the coupling subclass of above-mentioned digital extended gain.

5. one kind has the radio transmitter system that disperses on space and the frequency, comprising:

The antenna system that has on the space the individual stand-alone antenna of positive integer " n " that distributes in groups is used to provide the communication channel of the individual spatial distribution of positive integer " n ";

A radio frequency amplifier group with the independent amplifier on the antenna corresponding in the antenna system of being connected to, each amplifier all has adjustable gain, be used for control and adjust wave beam, and make radio signal transmission invalid the space communication channel of above-mentioned radial distribution;

Be connected to the Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier spread-spectrum transmit modulator on the amplifier group, be used for a plurality of communication channels of frequency dispersion;

Have each output and the expander that data are imported of being connected on the modulator, be used for growth data on a plurality of communication channels that all said frequencies are disperseed simultaneously; And

Be connected to the adjusting device of above-mentioned radio frequency amplifier group, be used for selecting in the middle of the space communication channel of the individual radial distribution of above-mentioned positive integer " n ".

6. according to the system of claim 5, it is characterized in that said system further provides polarization to disperse, above-mentioned stand-alone antenna wherein further adopts polarization distribution.

7. one kind has the radio receiver system that disperses on space and the frequency, comprising:

The antenna system that has on the space the individual stand-alone antenna of positive integer " n " that distributes in groups is used to provide the space communication channel of the individual radial distribution of positive integer " n ";

A radio frequency amplifier group with the independent amplifier on the antenna corresponding in the antenna system of being connected to, each amplifier all has adjustable gain, be used for control and adjust wave beam, and make radio signal transmission invalid the space communication channel of above-mentioned radial distribution;

Be connected to the Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier spread-spectrum demodulator on the amplifier group, be used for a plurality of communication channels of frequency dispersion;

Have each input that is connected on the demodulator and the Solution Expander of data output, be used for the data de-spread that comprises on a plurality of communication channels to all said frequencies dispersions simultaneously; And

Be connected to the adjusting device of above-mentioned radio frequency amplifier group, be used for selecting in the middle of the space communication channel of the individual radial distribution of above-mentioned positive integer " n ".

8. according to the system of claim 6, it is characterized in that further comprising:

Be used for determining the calculation element of space communication channel address of the radial distribution of a target receiver.

9. radio transmitter system comprises:

The multitone transmitter array is carried out the transmission of multiple spectra carrier signal according to the frequency spectrum weighting that the COMPUTER CALCULATION that is used for distinguishing between first group of independence remote receiver goes out; And

Be connected to the aerial array on the transmitter array, the spatial weighting that goes out according to the COMPUTER CALCULATION that is used for distinguishing between second group of independence remote receiver carries out the space adjusting to the transmitting power of above-mentioned multiple spectra carrier signal transmission.

10. according to the system of claim 9, it is characterized in that above-mentioned aerial array comprises having the individual stand-alone antenna of positive integer " n " that distributes in groups on the space, be used to provide the communication channel of the individual spatial distribution of positive integer " n ", above-mentioned radio transmitter system also comprises:

Has a radio frequency amplifier group that is connected to the independent amplifier on the antenna corresponding in the aerial array, each amplifier all has adjustable gain, be used for control and adjust wave beam, and make radio signal transmission invalid the space communication channel of above-mentioned radial distribution;

Be connected to the Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier spread-spectrum transmit modulator on the amplifier group, be used for a plurality of communication channels of frequency dispersion;

Have each output and the expander that data are imported of being connected on the modulator, be used for growth data on a plurality of communication channels that all said frequencies are disperseed simultaneously; And

Be connected to the adjusting device of above-mentioned radio frequency amplifier group, be used for selecting in the middle of the space communication channel of the individual radial distribution of above-mentioned positive integer " n ".

11. according to the system of claim 10, it is characterized in that said system further provides polarization to disperse, above-mentioned stand-alone antenna wherein further adopts polarization distribution.

12., it is characterized in that further comprising according to the system of claim 11:

Be used for determining the calculation element of space communication channel address of the radial distribution of a target receiver.

13. a radio receiver system comprises:

The multitone array acceptor is carried out the reception of multiple spectra carrier signal according to the frequency spectrum weighting that the COMPUTER CALCULATION that is used for distinguishing between first group of independence distant transmitter goes out; And

Be connected to the aerial array on the array acceptor, the received power that the spatial weighting that goes out according to the COMPUTER CALCULATION that is used for distinguishing between second group of independence distant transmitter receives above-mentioned multiple spectra carrier signal is carried out the space and is regulated.

14. system according to claim 13, it is characterized in that above-mentioned aerial array comprises having the individual stand-alone antenna of positive integer " n " that distributes in groups on the space, be used to provide the space communication channel of the individual radial distribution of positive integer " n ", this radio receiver system also comprises:

Has a radio frequency amplifier group that is connected to the independent amplifier on the antenna corresponding in the aerial array, each amplifier all has adjustable gain, be used for control and adjust wave beam, and make radio signal transmission invalid the space communication channel of above-mentioned radial distribution;

Be connected to the Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier spread-spectrum demodulator on the amplifier group, and be used for a plurality of communication channels of frequency dispersion;

Have each input that is connected on the demodulator and the Solution Expander of data output, be used for the data de-spread that comprises on a plurality of communication channels to all said frequencies dispersions simultaneously; And

Be connected to the adjusting device of above-mentioned radio frequency amplifier group, be used for selecting in the middle of the space communication channel of the individual radial distribution of above-mentioned positive integer " n ".

15. a radio communications system comprises:

The multitone transmitter array is carried out the transmission of multiple spectra carrier signal according to the frequency spectrum weighting that the COMPUTER CALCULATION that is used for distinguishing between first group of independence remote receiver goes out;

Be connected to first aerial array on the transmitter array, the spatial weighting that goes out according to the COMPUTER CALCULATION that is used for distinguishing between second group of independence remote receiver carries out the space adjusting to the transmitting power of above-mentioned multiple spectra carrier signal transmission;

The multitone array acceptor is carried out the reception of multiple spectra carrier signal according to the frequency spectrum weighting that the COMPUTER CALCULATION that is used for distinguishing between first group of independence distant transmitter goes out; And

Be connected to second aerial array on the array acceptor, the received power that the spatial weighting that goes out according to the COMPUTER CALCULATION that is used for distinguishing between second group of independence distant transmitter receives above-mentioned multiple spectra carrier signal is carried out the space and is regulated.

16., it is characterized in that further comprising according to the system of claim 15:

Be connected to the computer on the transmitter array and first aerial array, be used to carry out the single integrated calculating of frequency spectrum weighted sum spatial weighting.

17., it is characterized in that further comprising according to the system of claim 15:

Be connected to the computer on the array acceptor and second aerial array, be used to carry out the single integrated calculating of frequency spectrum weighted sum spatial weighting.

18., it is characterized in that further comprising according to the system of claim 15:

Be connected to the computer on transmitter array, array acceptor, first aerial array and second aerial array, be used to carry out the single integrated calculating of frequency spectrum weighted sum spatial weighting, duplicate transmitter array and the employed frequency spectrum weighted sum of first aerial array spatial weighting for the array acceptor and second aerial array;

Use the specific space of above-mentioned first and second groups of independence distant transmitters and the reverse transfer that spectral characteristic is optimized above-mentioned first and second groups of independence remote receivers.

19. a restoration methods that has adopted the digital communication signal after the expansion gain is expanded on receiver when being launched and receiving as received signal may further comprise the steps:

To the signal de-spread of above-mentioned reception to obtain despread signal; And

From above-mentioned despread signal, eliminate the Doppler time delay, the digital communication signal of recovery of the digital communication signal of above-mentioned emission to obtain a kind of correspondence.

20. a method that is used for recovering adopting a plurality of emission symbols that different expansion gains expand receives above-mentioned symbol according to a plurality of Discrete Multitones with essence frequency diversity on receiver, above-mentioned restoration methods may further comprise the steps:

To each above-mentioned a plurality of Discrete Multitone de-spread, obtaining the multitone of a plurality of de-spread, the multitone of above-mentioned a plurality of de-spread corresponding separately in the middle of above-mentioned a plurality of symbols; And

From the multitone of above-mentioned de-spread, eliminate Doppler's time delay, with a plurality of symbols corresponding a plurality of restored symbol of acquisition with above-mentioned emission.

21. method according to claim 20, it is characterized in that adopting in above-mentioned a plurality of multilayer carrier signal each distinctive expansion gain with the sign extended of above-mentioned emission and be modulated on each of multilayer carrier signal, each above-mentioned multilayer carrier signal has the channel width that can separate with the above-mentioned channel width of other above-mentioned a plurality of multilayer carrier signals.

22., it is characterized in that above-mentioned de-spread step gropes the multilayer carrier signal of ground de-spread above-mentioned a plurality of receptions according to the method for claim 21.

23., it is characterized in that the above-mentioned broad sense eigen[value that the formula de-spread adopts a kind of pattern that is dominant of groping according to the method for claim 22.

24., it is characterized in that the above-mentioned broad sense eigen[value that the formula de-spread adopts the multiple pattern that is dominant of groping according to the method for claim 22.

25., it is characterized in that above-mentioned eigen[value is that a kind of code gating is from the relevant eigen[value that recovers according to the method for claim 24.

26. according to the method for claim 23, it is characterized in that the maximum code gating self-recovery eigenvalue of groping to reduce according to the mean value of a prediction in the formula de-spread process above-mentioned broad sense eigen[value, and calibrate with the standard deviation of a prediction above-mentioned.

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