CN101808326B - Network transfer node of wireless sensor network and equal delay and throughput hoisting methods - Google Patents
Network transfer node of wireless sensor network and equal delay and throughput hoisting methods Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a network transfer node of a wireless sensor network and equal delay and throughput hoisting methods. The node comprises a data channel radio-frequency module, a transfer channel radio-frequency module, a synchronization channel radio-frequency module and a programmable logic device module. The equal delay method is characterized in that the synchronization channel radio-frequency module of the network transfer node is to periodically receive the synchronous messages sent to a synchronization channel by a management node and sends the synchronous messages to the programmable logic device module; and the programmable logic device module switches the synchronization channel radio-frequency module to a data channel and then sends the synchronous messages to the synchronization channel radio-frequency module, and the synchronization channel radio-frequency module sends the synchronous messages to the data channel, thus realizing equal delay and transfer of the synchronous messages. The throughput hoisting method is characterized in that after the network transfer node receives the data packets in the data channel, the data packets are immediately sent to a transfer channel via the transfer channel radio-frequency module, thus realizing transfer of the data packets.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wireless sensor network node and method, relate in particular to towards distance larger, the larger radio sensing network of data volume is used possess order bag and synchronization message wait delay transfer, network transit node and the method for the quick transfer of packet.
Background technology
The intelligent wireless sensor network is nearly ten years emerging technologies that progressively grow up, it combines the multinomial technology such as sensor technology, embedded computer technology, the communication technology, power technology, can make people obtain comparatively detailed, reliable information at any time and place with under the environment, can be widely used in the fields such as national security, military field, medical treatment ﹠ health, traffic administration, environmental monitoring, space exploration, commerce.
The intelligent wireless sensor network technology provides good intelligent distributed monitoring network for realizing the engineering structure monitoring system, provides good means for realizing high efficiency, high accuracy, low weight, intelligentized structure monitoring system.Adopt wireless sensor network will greatly reduce device wire quantity, thereby greatly reduce because the increase of the construction weight that the increase test macro causes; Wireless senser can be installed on planform more complicated, the position that is not easy to go between easily; Simultaneously, radio sensing network can significantly reduce the cost of monitoring system.
Take the structural strain monitoring system as example, the strain acquirement number of active lanes is many in the structural strain monitoring system, and the data volume of collection is larger, and differently strained acquisition channel needs synchronous acquisition, monitoring distance requires larger, needs simultaneously in real time image data to be transferred to Surveillance center.To make up N road acquisition channel, the distributed data acquisition of M strain acquirement of each passage per second, and mode that need to be by double bounce is transferred to base-station node take the system that increases monitoring distance as example with image data, usually each acquisition node has 4 road strain acquirement passages, adopt 10 AD that data are changed, each passage collection produces the packet that data segment is 8 * 4 * 16bits=512bits 8 times, with this data segment add some necessary informations and with the IEEE802.15.4 standard encapsulate after each data be surrounded by 648bits, radio-frequency module by node sends to the multi-hop node, is transmitted to base-station node by the multi-hop node again.The data volume that the whole system acquisition node produces has: (N/4) * (M/8 * 648) bits/s.Get N and be 192 and satisfy the many requirements of structural strain monitoring system strain acquirement passage, get M and be 32 and satisfy the required strain sample frequency requirement of structural strain monitoring system, namely whole system needs 48 acquisition nodes, and the data of generation reach 124.416kbits/s; If each multi-hop node is responsible for package forward with 8 acquisition nodes to base-station node, then want 6 multi-hop nodes.
Make up monitoring system based on single channel list base station radio sensor network framework.When M was 32, each acquisition node produced the 1s/32 * 8=0.25s that is spaced apart of packet.The acquisition node synchronous acquisition causes acquisition node to produce simultaneously packet, adopt time division multiple access access (Time Division Multiple Access, TDMA) mechanism sends the packet that acquisition node produces, and namely each node basis obtains independently data sending time slots a: 0.25s/48=5.208ms in the address separately; Need to adopt double bounce transmission owing to will enlarge monitoring distance, supporting based on IEEE802.15.4 standard 2.4GHz frequency range that the data rate of 250kb/s, this time slot can't realize that all data communication devices are crossed the double bounce transmission can be by reliable reception; Simultaneously, suppose that these packets are to be transferred to base-station node every 5.208ms, because the crystal oscillator precision of common base-station node is limited, usually the baud rate of serial ports speed employing 115200 can guarantee that data are transferred to Surveillance center reliably, this time slot base station node namely adopts single base station can't finish the transmitting of data with 115200 baud rate only to transmit 115200 * 5.208=579bits; Again, there is the crystal oscillator drift in acquisition node, the reception synchronization message that needs the cycle, but the multi-hop node all is to adopt microprocessor to add the radio-frequency module framework at present, synchronization message will be transmitted to the crystal oscillator drift that acquisition node is eliminated acquisition node by the multi-hop node, the forwarding of synchronization message is to realize by the program in microprocessor, if this moment, microprocessor responds was interrupted, the forwarding of synchronization message will be delayed so, because the task that each multi-hop node is carried out is different, these delays are imponderable.
Given this, propose to make up monitoring system based on many base station radios of multichannel sensor network framework of IEEE802.15.4 standard.Adopt 6 base-station nodes to send the data to Surveillance center, the data packet transmission of 8 acquisition nodes is finished in each base station, and the data volume of each base-station transmission is 20.736kbits/s, can adopt 57600 baud rate serial ports speed; For increasing the sending time slots of acquisition node, adopt 6 data channels, each channel consists of network by 8 acquisition nodes, a multi-hop node and a base-station node.Because the data in the different channels do not produce collision, this moment, the sending time slots of each acquisition node was: 0.25s/8=31.25ms, this time slot make packet be received comparatively reliably by the double bounce transmission, and the data packet transmission success rate obtains larger raising; For acquisition node crystal oscillator drift is eliminated, this framework also needs to introduce a synchronizing channel synchronous acquisition of the acquisition node that is positioned at different channels is provided support; Introduce a management node and be responsible for sending the order of Surveillance center at the network initial time to synchronizing channel, and the different data channel that switches in cycle sends synchronization message in the network course of work, the synchronous acquisition of acquisition node is provided support.
The said system existent defect: monitoring network adds the monitoring distance that multi-hop node for data forwarding bag comes extended network in same channel, because meeting occupied bandwidth during the multi-hop node for data forwarding, acquisition node will send the data to the multi-hop node in a sending time slots, the multi-hop node also will guarantee in this time slot data retransmission to base-station node, if so that time slot expansion, can only by reducing the acquisition channel number of each Star Network, perhaps reduce sample frequency; Simultaneously, adopt conventional microprocessor add the radio frequency chip framework the multi-hop node cannot so that the forward delay of the order bag in the network and synchronization message equate, be unfavorable for the realization of network time synchronization, be necessary to develop a kind of network transit node does not reduce the forms data channel when enlarging monitoring distance acquisition channel number and sample frequency, and can to order bag and synchronization message etc. the delay transfer provide support.
At present about not having towards the Patents of the network transit node of big data quantity radio sensing network both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem:
The problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of network transit node that possesses the high-speed data transfer, is convenient to the radio sensing network of time synchronized, high-throughput, can satisfy in the structural strain monitoring system 32-200 dynamic acquisition passage and satisfy continuous data gather requirement when enlarging monitoring distance.Because non-grade that software delays causes postpones forward command bag and synchronization message bottleneck and enlarge the demand of monitoring coverage distance, provide continuous real-time data acquisition network transit node when the present invention is directed in the single channel multi-hop node for data forwarding occupied bandwidth and forward command bag and synchronization message.To support 16 channels of 2.4GHz wave band of the data rate of 250kb/s to be further divided in the network transit node building process: synchronizing channel, data channel and transfer channel.Synchronizing channel provides support to order transmission and the crystal oscillator drift elimination mechanism of management node.The transfer channel is that the data in the data channel are transmitted.Data channel is to send for the data of acquisition node, acquisition node with Packet Generation to data channel.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for achieving the above object:
The present invention is towards a kind of network transit node of radio sensing network, comprise data channel radio-frequency module, transfer channel radio-frequency module, synchronizing channel radio-frequency module and programmable logic device module, the peripheral hardware expansion interface of programmable logic device module is connected with the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module with data channel radio-frequency module, transfer channel radio-frequency module respectively.
The synchronizing channel radio-frequency module of described network transit node will receive periodically management node and send to synchronization message on the synchronizing channel, and with synchronization message from the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module to the programmable logic device module; The programmable logic device module switches to the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module in the data channel, then the programmable logic device module sends to the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module with synchronization message, the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module sends to synchronization message on the data channel again, has realized that waiting of synchronization message postpones transfer.
After the data channel radio-frequency module of described network transit node receives packet in the data channel, the programmable logic device module is read packet from the buffer memory of data channel radio-frequency module, existing side by side soon, Packet Generation arrives transfer channel radio-frequency module, transfer channel radio-frequency module again with Packet Generation to the transfer channel, realize the transfer of packet, the forwarding of packet does not take the acquisition node data channel bandwidth, promotes the throughput of radio sensing network.
Beneficial effect
Adopt the radio sensing network that is formed by the network transit node of the present invention can make up the dynamic real-time monitoring system of larger coverage distance, satisfying in the structural strain monitoring system 32-200 dynamic acquisition passage satisfies continuous data and gathers requirement when enlarging monitoring distance, can replace the huge general monitoring system of existing complexity, have the advantage that network coverage distance is large, synchronous conveniently, network throughput is large.
The programmable logic device module switches to the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module in the data channel, then the programmable logic device module sends to the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module with synchronization message, the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module sends to synchronization message on the data channel again, the operation here all utilizes hardware to finish, do not exist and interrupt nested to operating process, this part operation has a fixing delay, and this part operation is equal to for all network transit nodes.A part that is equal to the hardware of sending node when sending synchronization message fully; Be equal to the part that this sends the hardware of data acquisition node constantly when sending data fully.The forwarding of packet does not take the acquisition node data channel bandwidth, realizes the reliable fast transfer of packet, and the throughput of whole network gets a promotion.Simultaneously, in the constant situation of the sample frequency of acquisition node, the time slot that acquisition node sends packet is identical with the single-hop networks framework, guarantees to have finished when the packet of acquisition node can be by reliable reception the long-distance transmissions of acquisition node packet.This node comes network struction is supported by hardware, do not reduce acquisition channel number and the sample frequency of forms data channel when enlarging monitoring distance, the all properties index of two-tier network and single layer network is the same, has reduced the complexity that makes up network by hardware.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the module diagram of network transit node;
Fig. 2 is the workflow diagram that network transit node response pin interrupts;
Fig. 3 is based on the schematic diagram of the double bounce structural strain monitoring system of network transit node establishment;
Fig. 4 is based on the workflow of acquisition node in the double bounce structural strain monitoring system that the network transit node sets up;
Fig. 5 is based on the transmit mechanism of acquisition node in the double bounce structural strain monitoring system that the network transit node sets up.
Embodiment
The network transit node towards the big data quantity radio sensing network of present embodiment carries out the high speed transfer and order and synchronization message is waited the delay transfer data.
Wherein, as shown in Figure 1, towards the network transit node of big data quantity radio sensing network, comprise data channel radio-frequency module, transfer channel radio-frequency module, synchronizing channel radio-frequency module and programmable logic device module.Each channel radio-frequency module has adopted the single machine integrated radio frequency chip CC2420 of TI company, it meets IEEE 802.15.4 standard, have the safety and the Applied layer interface that create in the 802.15.4 standard, work in 2.4GHz and exempt to authorize frequency range, the programmable logic device module adopts FPGA.The FIFO of data channel radio-frequency module, FIFOP, four pins of CCA and SFD respectively successively with the GI00 of programmable logic device module, Interupt1, GI01 is connected pin and is connected with Timer Capture1, the FIFO of transfer channel radio-frequency module, FIFOP, four pins of CCA and SFD respectively successively with the GI03 of programmable logic device module, Interupt2, GI04 is connected pin and is connected with Timer Capture2, the FIFO of synchronizing channel radio-frequency module, FIFOP, four pins of CCA and SFD respectively successively with the GI06 of programmable logic device module, Interupt3, GI07 is connected pin and is connected with TimerCapture3, the programmable logic device module provides series arrangement and data-interface SPI for each radio-frequency module simultaneously.When initial, FPGA configuration data channel radio-frequency module makes it the data of receive data channel; Configuration transfer channel radio-frequency module makes it and can the data that FPGA is transmitted to this radio-frequency module be sent in the transfer channel; Configuration synchronization channel radio-frequency module makes it to receive the order in the synchronizing channel.
Such as Fig. 2, when the data channel radio-frequency module receives packet, FIFOP pin output high level on this radio-frequency module is informed FPGA, FPGA will read in the data in the data channel radio-frequency module by the SPI mouth, then this data communication device is crossed another SPI mouth and sent to transfer channel radio-frequency module, and startup transfer channel radio-frequency module sends to data on the transfer channel; When the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module receives packet, the FIFOP output high level of this radio-frequency module is informed FPGA, FPGA will read in packet in the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module reception buffer memory by the SPI mouth, and the type to this packet is judged, if the order bag that management node sends, then should order bag to hand to the data channel radio-frequency module by the SPI mouth, and log-on data channel radio-frequency module will order bag to send on the data channel; If the synchronization message that management node sends, then at first the channel of synchronizing channel radio-frequency module is switched on the data channel, then by the SPI mouth synchronization message is handed to the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module, and starting the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module sends to synchronization message on the data channel, channel with the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module when being sent completely switches to synchronizing channel again, waits for the next synchronization message that management node sends.
As shown in Figure 3, the double bounce structural strain monitoring system that transit node Network Based is set up comprises Surveillance center, multichannel data receiving node, network transit node, management node and belong to the acquisition node of different channels.Synchronizing channel provides support to order transmission and the crystal oscillator drift elimination mechanism of management node; Each data channel consists of network by 8 acquisition nodes, a network transit node and a base-station node, whole system is got 48 acquisition nodes, 4 road strain acquirement passages are arranged on each acquisition node, totally 192 tunnel strain acquirement passage, each strain acquirement passage per second is finished 32 times strain acquirement.6 transit nodes are arranged in the system, and 6 base-station nodes are finished to Surveillance center and are submitted the acquisition node packet to.
In this system, be positioned at synchronizing channel during the management node initialization, after the order that receives Surveillance center, will ordering constant duration ground repeatedly to send on the synchronizing channel on the synchronizing channel; When normally moving, system sends synchronization message in synchronizing channel periodically.
In this system, the receiving management node sent to the order bag on the synchronizing channel when network transit node was initial, the order bag that the network transit node will be received sends on the data channel by the data channel radio-frequency module, the order bag is from the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module to FPGA, again from FPGA to the data channel radio-frequency module, the operation here all utilizes hardware to finish, do not exist and interrupt nested to operating process, this part operation has a fixing delay, and this part operation is equal to for all network transit nodes, realized that namely waiting of order bag postpones transfer, thereby guaranteed that the different acquisition node is with constantly beginning first collection.In system's running, the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module of network transit node will receive periodically management node and send to synchronization message on the synchronizing channel, the network transit node switches to the channel of synchronizing channel radio-frequency module on the data channel, then by the SPI mouth synchronization message is handed to the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module, and starting the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module sends to synchronization message on the data channel, synchronization message is from the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module to FPGA, again from FPGA to the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module, the operation here all utilizes hardware to finish, do not exist and interrupt nested to operating process, this part operation has a fixing delay, and this part operation is equal to for all network transit nodes, realized that namely waiting of synchronization message postpones transfer, guaranteed that the accumulation crystal oscillator drift bias of different acquisition node obtains the elimination in cycle.
As shown in Figure 4, in this system, be positioned at separately data channel during the acquisition node initialization, acquisition node arranges initial acquisition constantly after receiving acquisition, start the asynchronous collecting clock and carry out the strain data collection, simultaneously in real time data communication device is crossed data channel and be uploaded to the network transit node, and when receiving the synchronization message of network transit node forwarding, finish the elimination of crystal oscillator drift.
As shown in Figure 5, because each acquisition node carries out synchronous acquisition, acquisition node will produce packet simultaneously, for so that avoid in the transmission of data packets collision, adopt time division multiple access access (Time Division Multiple Access, TDMA) mechanism sends the packet that acquisition node produces, and each acquisition node obtains an independently data sending time slots take address separately as the basis; After data channel radio-frequency module on the network transit node receives the packet that sends according to the TDMA mode, immediately these packets are sent in the transfer channel by transfer channel radio-frequency module, namely packet sends in the transfer channel in the TDMA mode.Packet sends by transfer channel radio frequency chip, does not take data channel bandwidth, so that the success rate of data packet transmission obtains larger raising, finishes the quick transfer of packet.
In this system, base-station node is positioned at and receives the network transit node on the different transfer channels by the packet of the acquisition node of transfer channel radio-frequency module forwarding, adopt 10 base-station nodes to send the data to Surveillance center, the data packet transmission of 8 acquisition nodes is finished in each base station, the data volume of each base-station transmission is 20.736kbits/s, can adopt the serial ports speed of 57600 baud rates.
When the network transit node of the radio sensing network of present embodiment enlarges monitoring distance in the bonding data channel sending time slots of packet constant, simultaneously order bag and synchronization message are waited to postpone to transmit the synchronous acquisition of realizing all acquisition nodes the delay forward command bag such as non-that causes owing to interrupt nesting when breaking through multi-hop node for data forwarding occupied bandwidth in the single channel and forward command bag and synchronization message and the bottleneck of synchronization message.
Claims (2)
1. the network transit node of radio sensing network waits time-delay method, described network transit node, comprise the data channel radio-frequency module, transfer channel radio-frequency module, synchronizing channel radio-frequency module and programmable logic device module, the peripheral hardware expansion interface of programmable logic device module respectively with the data channel radio-frequency module, transfer channel radio-frequency module is connected with the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module, it is characterized in that, the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module of described network transit node will receive periodically management node and send to synchronization message on the synchronizing channel, and synchronization message is sent to the programmable logic device module from the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module; The programmable logic device module switches to the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module in the data channel, then the programmable logic device module sends to the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module with synchronization message, the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module sends to synchronization message on the data channel again, has realized that waiting of synchronization message postpones transfer.
2. the throughput hoisting methods of the network transit node of radio sensing network, described network transit node, comprise the data channel radio-frequency module, transfer channel radio-frequency module, synchronizing channel radio-frequency module and programmable logic device module, the peripheral hardware expansion interface of programmable logic device module respectively with the data channel radio-frequency module, transfer channel radio-frequency module is connected with the synchronizing channel radio-frequency module, it is characterized in that, after the data channel radio-frequency module of described network transit node receives packet in the data channel, the programmable logic device module is read packet from the buffer memory of data channel radio-frequency module, existing side by side soon, Packet Generation arrives transfer channel radio-frequency module, transfer channel radio-frequency module again with Packet Generation to the transfer channel, realize the transfer of packet, the forwarding of packet does not take the acquisition node data channel bandwidth, promotes the throughput of radio sensing network.
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| CN101087219A (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-12 | 中国科学院软件研究所 | Wireless sensor network time synchronization method and device based on error statistics |
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| CN101087219A (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-12 | 中国科学院软件研究所 | Wireless sensor network time synchronization method and device based on error statistics |
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