CN101789538B - Multifrequency patch antenna device - Google Patents
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- CN101789538B CN101789538B CN200910105189XA CN200910105189A CN101789538B CN 101789538 B CN101789538 B CN 101789538B CN 200910105189X A CN200910105189X A CN 200910105189XA CN 200910105189 A CN200910105189 A CN 200910105189A CN 101789538 B CN101789538 B CN 101789538B
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multifrequency patch antenna device, comprising a patch antenna, a printed circuit board (PCB), a shielding case and a low-noise amplifying circuit, wherein the patch antenna further consists of a patch antenna, a multi-frequency band feed network, a multi-frequency band feed probe and at least four feedback points; the at least four feedback points form at least two groups of feed points; one end of each of the at least two feed points is connected with the patch antenna, and the other end thereof respectively passes through the PCB via the multi-frequency band feed probe to be connected with the multi-frequency band feed network; and a shielding case is connected with the PCB. The invention improves the stability of antenna phase center, lowers axial ratio, and enables the matching to be much simpler and the antenna to become more compact. The device in the invention can receive multipath carrier at the same time, thus eliminating interference on an ionized layer and improving measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication antennas, in particular to a multi-frequency patch antenna device in a measuring antenna.
Background
With the continuous development of satellite navigation and measurement technology, satellite positioning systems are also increasingly widely used. Currently, there are several countries around the world that have built their own satellite positioning systems, such as the chinese beidou system, the us GPS system, the russian GLONASS system, and the european GALILEO system. With the continuous maturity of these satellite systems and the deepening of civilization, a high-performance receiving device measuring antenna, which is one of the key technologies of the satellite positioning system, has become a hot spot technology with much attention.
In addition, the development of mobile communication systems brings the revolution of antenna technology, and in the third generation mobile communication system, no matter the CDMA2000 system, TDS-CDMA or WCDMA system, the communication antenna is often one of the key elements of the technology development.
Whether the satellite positioning system or the mobile communication system is adopted, the quality of the performance of the measuring antenna directly influences the positioning precision of the receiving equipment, and further influences the working capacity of the whole system, and the higher the positioning precision is, the wider the service application range can be met, and the stronger the service support capacity is. At present, for high-end positioning application, the precision requirement reaches millimeter level, and for a high-precision measurement antenna with the positioning precision requirement at millimeter level, a single frequency band cannot meet the requirement, for example, a GPS high-precision receiving antenna must receive an L2 carrier while receiving an L1 carrier, so that the interference of an ionized layer is eliminated, and the precision is expected to be improved. Under such a trend, in order to ensure more stable operation of the receiver, a receiver capable of simultaneously receiving a plurality of satellite systems or communication systems has been a main direction of research of signal receiving systems, and communication and measurement antennas are key components of the receiver, and naturally need to meet higher requirements.
Chinese patent CN101136503A discloses a ring satellite navigation antenna for improving low elevation gain and a preparation method thereof, which reduces the influence of a high-order mode by removing a substrate intermediate medium technology, a floor retraction technology and a short circuit technology, improves the low elevation gain and the bandwidth, can work in a frequency band of 1.559GH/1.561GHz/1.575GHz, and is suitable for navigation terminals of three satellite navigation systems of GPS/GALLEO/BD 2. However, the technology described in this patent is only applied to a navigation terminal or a mobile terminal in a region, and the positioning accuracy is poor, so that the requirement of a high-end positioning system and a communication system on the antenna accuracy cannot be met.
The carriers of high-precision satellite positioning systems and high-end mobile communication systems generally adopt a circular polarization mode, and corresponding multi-frequency antennas generally adopt helical antennas, slot antennas or patch antennas to meet the requirement of receiving circular polarization signals. The helical antenna has good circular polarization performance and broadband characteristics, but has a large space volume, is not easy to embed, and is difficult to conform to a carrier. The slot antenna is not easy to implement a feeding manner due to discontinuity of the conductor surface, and it is difficult to find a suitable phase center. In comparison, the patch antenna has the advantages of planarization, simple structure, easy feeding, small occupied space, easy design and processing and the like, and is widely applied to various high-end wireless communication terminals in recent years.
However, if a conventional patch antenna design mode is adopted, the impedance bandwidth and the circular polarization bandwidth of the panel antenna are narrow, and the low elevation gain is difficult to meet the requirement of a satellite navigation receiver. If the circularly polarized antenna is designed by adopting the currently common single-feed-point perturbation mode, although the gain characteristic can be ensured, the consistency of the axial ratio is difficult to ensure due to the inherent limitation of the processing technology, more importantly, the scheme can not ensure the coincidence of the phase center and the geometric center of the antenna, if the technology is used in a common navigation antenna, the navigation cannot be greatly influenced, and if the technology is used in the high-precision measurement field, the measurement precision can be seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a high-precision, high-stability and high-gain multi-frequency patch antenna device so as to overcome the defects of low precision, poor stability and insufficient gain in the prior art. The invention relates to a multi-frequency patch antenna device, which comprises a patch antenna, a PCB (printed circuit board), a shielding case and a low-noise amplification circuit, wherein the patch antenna device further comprises the patch antenna, a multi-frequency band feed network, a multi-frequency band feed probe and at least four feed points, the at least four feed points form at least two groups of feed points, one end of each group of feed points is connected with the patch antenna, and the other end of each group of feed points respectively penetrates through the PCB and is connected with the multi-frequency band feed network through the multi-frequency band feed probe; the shielding case is connected with the PCB.
The multi-band feed network is a first band feed network and a second band feed network; the multi-band feed probe is a first band feed probe and a second band feed probe.
And the feeding points of each group are distributed around the central axis of the multi-frequency patch antenna device by 90 degrees respectively. The signal output from the first frequency band feed network passes through the first frequency band first-stage filter, the first frequency band low-noise amplifier and the first frequency band second-stage filter in sequence and then reaches the combiner network. Similarly, the signal output by the second frequency band feed network passes through the second frequency band first-stage filter, the second frequency band low-noise amplifier and the second frequency band second-stage filter in sequence, is combined with the signal from the first frequency band in the combining network, and is amplified by the multi-stage combining low-noise amplifier and then output.
The first frequency band feed network and the second frequency band feed network both comprise microstrip lines and at least one electric bridge, and matching ports of the electric bridge are respectively connected with matching loads.
The low-noise amplification circuit is composed of a multistage low-noise amplifier and a filter circuit, the filter circuit is a pre-filter, and a filter is located in front of the low-noise amplifier. The multistage low noise amplifier is amplified by first splitting and then combining, wherein the combining part is realized by a combining network.
The patch antenna is of a laminated patch antenna structure and comprises more than one microstrip dielectric antenna, and the upper radiation surface of the microstrip dielectric antenna is of a circular structure; the lower radiation surface of the microstrip dielectric antenna is of a circular structure.
The microstrip dielectric antenna further comprises a high-frequency substrate and a plurality of patches, wherein the high-frequency substrate is provided with a first surface, a second surface and a plurality of through holes; the first frequency band feeding probe and the second frequency band feeding probe respectively penetrate through the through hole; the patches are respectively positioned on the first surface and the second surface of the high-frequency substrate, the size of the patch on the second surface is not smaller than that of the patch on the first surface, and the patches are of a circular structure.
The PCB comprises a bottom layer and a top layer, wherein the bottom layer is used as a reflecting plate, copper is completely bound, and only a feed through hole is reserved; the top layer is used for amplifying various circuits and structures such as a first frequency band feed network, a second frequency band feed network, a low-noise amplifying circuit and the like.
The shielding case is composed of at least one metal cavity which is directly connected with the grounding part of the PCB.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious advantages: firstly, the invention adopts the multi-feed point technology, and the design scheme improves the stability of the antenna phase center while improving the bandwidth, so that the measurement precision of the antenna device is further improved; secondly, the multiple feed network structures determine the polarization mode of the antenna, reduce the axial ratio, and simultaneously enable the matching to be simpler and the antenna to be more compact; and thirdly, due to the effective application of the multilayer patches, the device disclosed by the invention can simultaneously receive multiple paths of carriers, so that the interference of an ionized layer is eliminated, and the measurement precision is improved.
In addition, compared with the prior art, the device of the invention adds a unique low-noise amplifying circuit and a shielding case below the patch antenna, thus improving the anti-interference capability of the antenna, ensuring the antenna to work more stably and further ensuring the measurement precision; in the low-noise amplifying circuit, the power consumption is reduced and the size is reduced through the proper design of the combiner network; the traditional method generally adopts a metal plate as a reflecting surface, but the invention utilizes the PCB as the reflecting surface, has simple processing, is convenient for production and assembly and saves the cost at the same time.
The device has obvious advantages in performance compared with the prior art, and is easy to process, simple to assemble, good in consistency, suitable for batch production and high in industrial value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of the multi-frequency patch antenna device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the multi-frequency patch antenna device according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the multi-frequency patch antenna device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first frequency band feeding network of the multi-frequency patch antenna device according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second frequency band feeding network of the multi-frequency patch antenna device according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a low noise amplification circuit of the multi-frequency patch antenna device according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic distribution diagram of feed probes of the multi-frequency patch antenna device according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The device of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The multi-frequency patch antenna device has very wide application in a satellite positioning system and a mobile communication system, and particularly has very important value in the high-end field with high precision and zero phase center requirements. The device can effectively play the performance advantages on equipment such as a GPS receiver antenna, a GPS + GLONASS receiving antenna, a base station antenna and the like.
Fig. 1 to 7 are structural diagrams of an embodiment of a multi-frequency patch antenna device according to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multi-frequency patch antenna device includes an upper patch 1, four sets of locking screws 3, an upper high-frequency substrate 5, a second patch 8, a third patch 9, a lower high-frequency substrate 4, a lower patch 10, a PCB board 6, four first frequency band feeding probes 2, four second frequency band feeding probes 7, a shielding case 11, a first frequency band feeding network (as shown in fig. 4), a second frequency band feeding network (as shown in fig. 5), and a low-noise amplifying circuit (as shown in fig. 6). The upper high-frequency substrate 5 and the lower high-frequency substrate 4 both have a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface is a radiation unit body. The upper layer patch 1 and the second layer patch 8 are respectively positioned on the first surface and the second surface of the upper layer high-frequency substrate 5, and the lower layer patch 10 and the third layer patch 9 are respectively positioned on the second surface and the first surface of the lower layer high-frequency substrate 4. The PCB is divided into a top layer and a bottom layer, the bottom layer is in close contact with the lower-layer patch 10, the first frequency band feed network, the second frequency band feed network and the low-noise amplifying circuit are placed on the top layer, and the shielding cover 11 is also directly welded with the grounding part of the top layer. One ends of the four first frequency band feed probes 2 are uniformly and symmetrically distributed on the upper layer patch 1 by taking the circle center of the upper layer patch 1 as the center, and are directly welded with the upper layer patch 1, and the other ends of the four first frequency band feed probes respectively penetrate through the through holes of the upper layer high-frequency substrate 5, the second layer patch 8, the third layer patch 9, the lower layer high-frequency substrate 4, the lower layer patch 10 and the PCB 6, and are finally directly connected with the input port 16 of the bridge A22 and the input port 18 of the bridge B17 in the first frequency band feed network (as shown in FIG. 4). Similarly, one ends of the four second frequency band feed probes 7 are uniformly and symmetrically distributed on the third layer patch 9 by taking the circle center of the third layer patch 9 as the center, and are directly welded with the third layer patch 9. The other end of the second frequency band feed network passes through the via holes of the lower high-frequency substrate 4, the lower patch 10 and the PCB 6, and is directly connected to the input port 32 of the bridge D30 and the input port 33 of the bridge E34 in the second frequency band feed network (see fig. 5).
As shown in fig. 4, the first-band feeding network includes a bridge a22, a bridge B17, a bridge C12, a short microstrip line 14 and a long microstrip line 15, the four first-band feeding probes 2 are respectively input from an input port 16 of the bridge a22 and an input port 18 of the bridge B17, signals output from the bridge B17 and the bridge a22 are respectively connected to the long microstrip line 15 and the short microstrip line 14, the long microstrip line 15 is one quarter of the wavelength (relative to the first band) longer than the short microstrip line 14, then are respectively connected to the two input ports 23 of the bridge C12, and finally are output from an output port 13 of the bridge C12, and the matching port 20 of the bridge a22, the matching port 19 of the bridge B17, and the matching port 21 of the bridge C12 are respectively. Through the first frequency band feed network, the right-hand circular polarization of the antenna in the first frequency band is easily realized, the feed is simplified, and the structure is simple. In the same way, as shown in fig. 5, the right-hand circular polarization of the antenna in the second frequency band is realized through the second frequency band feeding network.
As shown in fig. 6, the low noise amplifier circuit includes a first-stage filter 36 in a first frequency band, a first-stage low noise amplifier 37 in the first frequency band, a second-stage filter 38 in the first frequency band, a first-stage filter 42 in a second frequency band, a low noise amplifier 43 in the second frequency band, a second-stage filter 44 in the second frequency band, a combining network 39, a first-stage combining low noise amplifier 40, a second-stage combining low noise amplifier 41 (the choice of the low noise amplifier is determined according to the requirement of amplification factor), and a combining output port 45. The number of low noise amplifiers is reduced and the power consumption is reduced by the combining matching network 19. The signal of the first frequency band output from the output port 13 of the bridge C12 passes through the first frequency band first-stage filter 36, the first frequency band low noise amplifier 37, the first frequency band second-stage filter 38, and then reaches the combiner network 39. Similarly, the signal output by the second frequency band feeding network passes through the second frequency band first-stage filter 42, the second frequency band low-noise amplifier 43, and the second frequency band second-stage filter 44, and after being combined with the signal from the first frequency band in the combining network 39, the signal is amplified by the first-stage combining low-noise amplifier 40 and the second-stage combining low-noise amplifier 41, and then output from the combining output port 45. The above-mentioned various filters are all band-pass filters.
The overall connection process of the invention is as follows: signals of a first frequency band are connected with the input port 16 of the bridge A22 and the input port 18 of the bridge B17 in a first frequency band feed network through the four first frequency band feed probes 2 via patch antennas, then pass through the two input ports 23 of the bridge C12, and then reach the output port 13 of the bridge C12, and in the low noise amplification circuit, signals from the output port 13 of the bridge C12 reach the combiner network 39 via the first frequency band first-stage band-pass filter 36, the first frequency band low noise amplifier 37 and the first frequency band second-stage band-pass filter 38. Similarly, after the signals of the second frequency band are connected to the second frequency band feed network through the patch antenna by the four second frequency band feed probes 7, the signals are output from the output port 25 of the bridge F27, and then pass through the second frequency band first-stage filter 42, the second frequency band low-noise amplifier 43, and the second frequency band second-stage filter 44, and after being combined with the signals from the first frequency band in the combining network 39, the signals are amplified by the first-stage combining low-noise amplifier 40 and the second-stage combining low-noise amplifier 41 and then output from the combining output port 45. Wherein the second-stage low noise amplifier 41 may be selected according to the actual requirements of the product.
The multi-frequency patch antenna device can simultaneously receive the L1/L2 carrier wave due to the adoption of a multi-frequency technology, so that the interference of an ionized layer is eliminated, and the precision is improved; secondly, the multi-frequency patch antenna device adopts a mode of combining the patch antenna with the band filter and the multistage low noise amplifier, so that the loss between the antenna and the receiving equipment is reduced while the out-of-band interference is suppressed, the anti-interference capability is improved, and the measurement precision is further improved. The multi-frequency patch antenna device provided by the invention adopts a special structure of multi-feed-point double-layer patches while fully utilizing the advantages of the patch antenna, so that the precision of equipment is further improved, the multi-frequency patch antenna device also has a stable phase center, can resonate at a plurality of frequency bands, can simultaneously receive a plurality of carrier frequency bands of a plurality of satellite systems, and meets the requirements of a multi-frequency multi-satellite technology.
In addition, the multi-frequency patch antenna device adopts the PCB as the reflecting plate, thereby simplifying the antenna processing process and reducing the cost. The combination of the multi-path amplifying circuits reduces the cost and the power consumption.
Claims (17)
1. A multi-frequency patch antenna device comprises a patch antenna device, a PCB (6), a shielding case (11) and a low-noise amplifying circuit, and is characterized in that the patch antenna device further comprises a patch antenna, a multi-frequency band feed network, multi-frequency band feed probes (2, 7) and at least four feed points, wherein the at least four feed points form at least two groups of feed points, one end of each group of feed points is connected with the patch antenna, and the other end of each group of feed points respectively penetrates through the PCB (6) through the multi-frequency band feed probes (2, 7) to be connected with the multi-frequency band feed network; the shielding cover (11) is connected with the PCB (6); the multi-band feed network is a first frequency band feed network and a second frequency band feed network, and the multi-band feed probes (2 and 7) are a first frequency band feed probe (2) and a second frequency band feed probe (7); wherein,
the first frequency band feed network comprises microstrip lines (14, 15), an electric bridge A (22), an electric bridge B (17) and an electric bridge C (12), wherein a first frequency band feed probe (2) is respectively connected with the input ends of the electric bridge A (22) and the electric bridge B (17), signals output from the electric bridge A (22) and the electric bridge B (17) respectively pass through the microstrip lines (14, 15) with a quarter wavelength difference and then reach two input ports of the electric bridge C (12), and then are output from an output port of the electric bridge C (12), wherein matching ports of the electric bridges are respectively connected with matching loads;
the second frequency band feed network comprises microstrip lines (28, 29), a bridge D (30), a bridge E (34) and a bridge F (27), wherein the second frequency band feed probe (7) is respectively connected with the input ends of the bridge D (30) and the bridge E (34), signals output from the bridge D (30) and the bridge E (34) respectively pass through the microstrip lines (28, 29) with a quarter wavelength difference and then reach two input ports of the bridge F (27), and then are output from an output port of the bridge F (27), and matching ports of the bridges are respectively connected with matching loads.
2. The multi-frequency patch antenna device of claim 1, wherein the patch antenna is a stacked patch antenna structure comprising more than one microstrip dielectric antenna.
3. The multi-frequency patch antenna device of claim 2, wherein the upper radiating surface of the microstrip dielectric antenna is a circular structure.
4. The multi-frequency patch antenna device of claim 2, wherein the lower radiating surface of the microstrip dielectric antenna is a circular structure.
5. The multi-frequency patch antenna device of claim 2, wherein the microstrip dielectric antenna further comprises a high frequency substrate and a plurality of patches; the high-frequency substrate is provided with a first surface, a second surface and a plurality of through holes; the multi-band feed probes (2 and 7) respectively penetrate through the through holes; the patches are respectively positioned on the first surface and the second surface of the high-frequency substrate.
6. The multi-frequency patch antenna device of claim 5, wherein the patch size of the second surface is not smaller than the patch size of the first surface.
7. The multi-frequency patch antenna device according to claim 2, wherein the patch antenna further comprises an upper patch (1), an upper high frequency substrate (5), a second patch (8), a third patch (9), a lower high frequency substrate (4), and a lower patch (10); the upper-layer high-frequency substrate (5) and the lower-layer high-frequency substrate (4) are respectively provided with a first surface and a second surface, the upper-layer patch (1) and the second-layer patch (8) are respectively positioned on the first surface and the second surface of the upper-layer high-frequency substrate (5), and the lower-layer patch (10) and the third-layer patch (9) are respectively positioned on the second surface and the first surface of the lower-layer high-frequency substrate (4).
8. The multi-frequency patch antenna device of claim 1, wherein the sets of feeding points are uniformly distributed around a central axis of the multi-frequency patch antenna device.
9. The multi-frequency patch antenna device of claim 1, wherein the low noise amplification circuit further comprises a low noise amplifier and a filter, the filter being located before the low noise amplifier.
10. The multi-frequency patch antenna device according to claim 9, wherein the low noise amplification circuit further comprises a combiner network (39) and a plurality of stages of combiner low noise amplifiers (40, 41) connected to the low noise amplifiers in sequence; the low noise amplifier is a multi-stage low noise amplifier.
11. The multi-band patch antenna device of claim 10, wherein the multi-stage combined low noise amplifier is a first-stage combined low noise amplifier (40) and a second-stage combined low noise amplifier (41).
12. The multi-band patch antenna device of claim 10, wherein the low noise amplification circuit comprises a first band amplification circuit and a second band amplification circuit.
13. The multi-band patch antenna device according to claim 12, wherein the first band amplifying circuit comprises a first stage filter (36), a first band low noise amplifier (37) and a first band second stage filter (38); the signals output by the first frequency band feed network sequentially pass through the first-stage filter (36), the first frequency band low-noise amplifier (37) and the first frequency band second-stage filter (38), and then reach the combiner network (39).
14. The multi-band patch antenna device according to claim 12, wherein the second band amplifying circuit comprises a second band first stage filter (42), a second band low noise amplifier (43), and a second band second stage filter (44); and the signal output from the second frequency band feed network passes through a second frequency band first-stage filter (42), a second frequency band low-noise amplifier (43) and a second frequency band second-stage filter (44) in sequence and then reaches the combiner network (39).
15. The multi-band patch antenna device according to claims 13 and 14, wherein the signals from the first band amplifying circuit are combined with the signals from the second band amplifying circuit in the combining network (39), and then amplified by the multi-stage combining low noise amplifiers (40, 41) and outputted.
16. The multi-band patch antenna device of claim 1, wherein the PCB board (6) comprises a bottom layer and a top layer, the bottom layer is used as a reflector, the bottom layer is fully copper-clad, only the feed via is reserved, and the top layer is used for placing various circuits.
17. A multi-frequency patch antenna device according to claim 1, wherein said shield (11) is comprised of at least one metal cavity which is directly connected to the ground of said PCB board (6).
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