CN101787515A - Preparation method of aluminum-cladding boron composite powder - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum-cladding boron composite powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN101787515A CN101787515A CN 201010116162 CN201010116162A CN101787515A CN 101787515 A CN101787515 A CN 101787515A CN 201010116162 CN201010116162 CN 201010116162 CN 201010116162 A CN201010116162 A CN 201010116162A CN 101787515 A CN101787515 A CN 101787515A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of an aluminum-cladding boron composite powder, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) pretreating boron powder; (2) carrying out multi-arc aluminizing treatment on the surface of the pretreated boron powder in a multi-arc ion-plating machine by adopting a multi-arc ion-plating technology to obtain the aluminum-cladding boron composite powder; parameters of the multi-arc ion-plating technology comprise the following: selecting an aluminum target as a target; firstly, vacuumizing to 2.0*10<-2>Pa; secondly, introducing argon gas to (2.5-3.3)*10<-1>Pa; ensuring the current of an argon transmitting source is 55-70A and the film-plating temperature is 170-200DEG C; thirdly, feeding pretreated boron powder into a bearing platform positioned in a vacuum furnace body at the feeding speed of 5-20g/min; enabling powder particles to jump or roll from one step to another step of the bearing platform by rotating and vibrating; and finally enabling the powder particles to fall into a powder collection device. The invention has the advantages of short membrane-plating time, uniform cladding, simple process and suitability for large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of aluminum-cladding boron composite powder.
Background technology
Boron has just caused the great interest of people as the high-energy fuel component from the fifties in last century.But have following three aspect problems: the fusing point and the boiling point of (1) pure boron are higher, greater than 2000 ℃, are difficult to fusing and gasification; The boiling point of boron oxide is also very high, and this has just determined temperature will reach more than 2000 ℃ just can make the boron particles ignition, and combustion processes will experience B
20
3The evaporation of zone of oxidation, this has just further increased the difficulty of boron particles ignition.Median size is that the igniting and the burning of the boron particles of 2 μ m needs 11ms; (2) efficiency of combustion of boron is low, oxygen-consumption big, it is many to produce residue, can't give play to its high-energy calorific value; (3) there is B in the surface of boron
2O
3, H
3BO
3Deng impurity, make boron incompatible with the propelling agent system.Therefore, boron-propellant is used widely, just must improve its ignition characteristic, combustionproperty and surface property, and the coating of boron particles is the effective way that addresses the above problem.
Since the last century the nineties, extensively carried out the coating research to boron particles both at home and abroad, the coating system of research comprises: (1) utilizes combustible metals such as titanium, zirconium, magnesium, prevents that the boron particles surface from forming low temperature oxide layer, reduce the burning-point of boron, promote the igniting and the burning of boron; (2) utilize LiF, VitonA (viton), TMP (hydroxymethyl-propane), silane, PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)) etc. and boron oxide generation chemical reaction, remove the oxide film on boron particles surface, improve the performances such as igniting, burning of boron particles; (3) select for use energetic material to come the Boron Coated particle, the big calorimetric of emitting when mainly utilizing the energetic material burning improves the surface temperature of boron powder, thereby improves the burning of boron particles.Energetic material mainly contains two big classes: (a) oxygenant, as AP, KP etc.; (b) nitrine compounds is as GAP, NaN
3But all there are some problems to some extent in these clad structures, respectively GAP Boron Coated, AP Boron Coated, LiF Boron Coated etc. are studied as units such as Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chinese University of Science and Technology, Institutes Of Technology Of Nanjing, Xi'an Inst. of Modern Chemistry, wherein the effect of GAP Boron Coated is best relatively, but ignition delay time also is 0.86s, far can not satisfy service requirements.In order to obtain technological breakthrough, must explore novel coating material.
In the propellant component of research, except that boron, caking agent, oxygenant, also all add a certain amount of MAGNESIUM METAL, aluminium at present, wish to obtain optimum properties.Because boron has different performance characteristics with aluminium, also all there is certain problem, if can prepare the nucleocapsid structure of aluminum-cladding boron, the focus combustion boron that utilizes the aluminium low-temperature burning to emit, might make full use of the high heating value of boron, solve problems such as the long and efficiency of combustion of its ignition delay time is low.
Also there is not open report about the research of aluminum-cladding boron in the world, it is blank that domestic research to aluminum-cladding boron also belongs to substantially, only there is one piece of Master's thesis that coats research about boron particles in Institutes Of Technology Of Nanjing, wherein a part of content has been explored the research that utilizes mixing and ball milling to prepare the aluminum-cladding boron composite particles, though better than ignition characteristic with pure boron particles, net effect is not very desirable.We think, major cause is that the clad structure that ball milling obtains is inhomogeneous, some in addition do not coat at all.The present invention has developed a kind of technology at boron particles coated with uniform aluminium.
Summary of the invention
The preparation method who the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of aluminum-cladding boron composite powder, short, the uniform characteristics of coating of this method plated film time.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of preparation method of aluminum-cladding boron composite powder is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
1) pre-treatment of boron powder: with the granulation of boron powder, obtaining particle diameter is the pretreated boron powder of 2~100 μ m;
2) be raw material with the pretreated boron powder of 2~100 μ m, utilize the multi-arc ion coating membrane technique in the multi-arc ion plating film machine, the processing of aluminizing of multi sphere surface to be carried out on pretreated boron powder surface, obtain coating layer evenly, the aluminum-cladding boron composite powder of favorable dispersity;
The parameter of described multi-arc ion coating membrane technique is: the intravital target of the vacuum oven of multi-arc ion plating film machine is selected the aluminium target; At first be evacuated to 2.0 * 10 in the vacuum furnace body of multi-arc ion plating film machine
-2Pa, applying argon gas is to (2.5~3.3) * 10 then
-1Pa; Electric current 55~the 70A of the intravital argon gas emissive source of the vacuum oven of multi-arc ion plating film machine (being the arc source); 170~200 ℃ of the intravital coating temperatures of the vacuum oven of multi-arc ion plating film machine; Feed pretreated boron powder with (5~20) rate of feeding of g/ minute to being positioned at the intravital plummer of vacuum oven then, the rotating speed of plummer is 1~5 rev/min, the vibration frequency of plummer is 3~30 times/minute, another step is jumped into or rolled into to powder particle by rotation, vibrations from a step on the plummer, falls into powder collection device at last.
The multi-arc ion plating film machine comprises vacuum furnace body 1, target 2, argon gas emissive source 3, feeding mechanism 4, plummer mechanism 5, powder collection device 6, vacuum extractor, heating unit; Target 2, argon gas emissive source 3, feeding mechanism 4, plummer mechanism 5, powder collection device 6, heating unit lay respectively in the cavity of vacuum furnace body 1; Target 2 is fixed on the inwall of vacuum furnace body 1, argon gas emissive source 3 is positioned at the top of the cavity of vacuum furnace body 1, and argon gas emissive source 3 is fixed on the inwall of vacuum furnace body 1 [under vacuum condition, argon gas emissive source 3 (being the arc source) produces electric arc and bombards target, with the fusion of target microcell, form drop, needed aluminium drips to be deposited on the boron powder and forms film]; Vacuum extractor is connected with the cavity of vacuum furnace body 1; Feeding mechanism 4 is positioned at the top of plummer mechanism 5, and powder collection device 6 is positioned at the below of the plummer 12 of plummer mechanism 5;
Plummer mechanism 5 comprises rotating shaft 11, plummer 12, chassis 14, universal wheel 16, universal coupling, motor, plummer 12 is cone, there are a plurality of steps (described a plurality of be 2~30) on the surface of cone, plummer 12 is fixedlyed connected with the upper end of rotating shaft 11 by steady brace, and the bottom of plummer 12 is fixedly connected with 2~10 universal wheels 16; The middle part on chassis 14 is provided with the rotating shaft through hole, and chassis 14 is provided with annular slideway 15, is provided with 2~30 protruding banks 13 in the slideway 15; The rotating shaft through hole on the chassis 14 is passed in the bottom of rotating shaft 11, and the universal wheel 16 that is fixed on the plummer 12 is positioned at slideway 15; The lower end of rotating shaft 11 is linked to each other with the output shaft of motor by universal coupling;
The middle part of powder collection device 6 is provided with chassis through hole 19, and the outside of chassis through hole is provided with annular powder collection groove 18, and the outside of powder collection groove 18 is provided with annular cooling trough 17; The chassis 14 of plummer mechanism 5 is positioned at chassis through hole 19, fills ethanol liquid in the powder collection groove 18, fills water coolant in the cooling trough 17.
Described feeding mechanism 4 comprises hoisting appliance 7, control stream pull bar 8, feeding funnel 9, support, the lower end of feeding funnel 9 has discharge port 10, the bottom of control stream pull bar 8 is a cone, the lower end part of control stream pull bar 8 is in discharge port 10 places, control stream pull bar 8 links to each other with hoisting appliance 7, feeding funnel 9 is fixedlyed connected with vacuum furnace body by support, and the discharge port 10 of feeding funnel 9 is positioned at the top of the plummer 12 of plummer mechanism 5.
The monomeric plated film time of particle cooperates decision by particle diameter, plummer rotating speed, vibration frequency, and the overall plated film time is determined jointly by powder gross weight and rate of feeding.Studies show that: grain diameter is big more, and required coating layer is thick more, and the monomeric plated film time of particle is just long more.But simultaneously, particle is big more, and centrifugal force is big more, easily more leaves step and shortens the plated film time.Therefore particle is big more, and the rotating speed that needs is more little, and vibration frequency is low more.Multi sphere plated film speed is generally 150-200nm/min, and particle diameter is the boron particles surface of the 50 μ m about 600nm of thickness that need aluminize as calculated, and the monomer plated film time is 3~4 minutes; The boron particles surface of the 100 μ m about 1200nm of thickness that need aluminize, the monomer plated film time is 6~8 minutes.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention utilizes the multi-arc ion coating membrane technique, has short characteristics (comparing with existing magnetron sputtering technique) of plated film time.
2, adopt powder particle to jump into or roll into another step by rotation, vibrations from a step on the plummer, coating is even.
3, by adjusting parameters such as feeding powder speed, plummer step obliquity, rotating speed, obtain following function: (1) boron powder particles surface all directions can both obtain even aluminized chance; (2) prolong the aluminized time of boron particles, to obtain the aluminium plating film of adequate thickness; (3) particle after aluminizing has dispersiveness, does not reunite; (4) can obtain the boron powder of surface coating in batches, make at every turn the powder amount at several kilograms to more than tens kilograms.
The present invention can be generalized to particle surface plating low melting point metal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of multi-arc ion plating film machine of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the feeding mechanism of multi-arc ion plating film machine;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the plummer mechanism of multi-arc ion plating film machine;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view on chassis of the plummer mechanism of multi-arc ion plating film machine;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the powder collection device of multi-arc ion plating film machine;
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of the powder collection device of multi-arc ion plating film machine;
Fig. 7 is a process flow sheet of the present invention;
Among the figure: 1-vacuum furnace body, 2-target, 3-argon gas emissive source, 4-feeding mechanism, 5-plummer mechanism, 6-powder collection device, 7-hoisting appliance, 8-control stream pull bar, 9-feeding funnel, 10-discharge port, the 11-rotating shaft, 12-plummer, the protruding bank of 13-, the 14-chassis, 15-slideway, 16-universal wheel, the 17-cooling trough, 18-powder collection groove, 19-chassis through hole.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, further illustrate content of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but content of the present invention not only is confined to the following examples.
The multi-arc ion plating film machine that following embodiment is used, as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6, it comprises vacuum furnace body 1, target 2, argon gas emissive source 3, feeding mechanism 4, plummer mechanism 5, powder collection device 6, vacuum extractor, heating unit; Target 2, argon gas emissive source 3, feeding mechanism 4, plummer mechanism 5, powder collection device 6, heating unit lay respectively in the cavity of vacuum furnace body 1; Target 2 is fixed on the inwall of vacuum furnace body 1, argon gas emissive source 3 is positioned at the top of the cavity of vacuum furnace body 1, and argon gas emissive source 3 is fixed on the inwall of vacuum furnace body 1 [under vacuum condition, argon gas emissive source 3 (being the arc source) produces electric arc and bombards target, with the fusion of target microcell, form drop, needed aluminium drips to be deposited on the boron powder and forms film]; Vacuum extractor (vacuum-pumping to 2.0 * 10 that are connected with the cavity of vacuum furnace body 1
-2Pa); Feeding mechanism 4 is positioned at the top of plummer mechanism 5, and powder collection device 6 is positioned at the below of the plummer 12 of plummer mechanism 5;
Plummer mechanism 5 comprises rotating shaft 11, plummer 12, chassis 14, universal wheel 16, universal coupling, motor, plummer 12 is cone, there are a plurality of steps (described a plurality of be 2~30) on the surface of cone, plummer 12 is fixedlyed connected with the upper end of rotating shaft 11 by steady brace, and the bottom of plummer 12 is fixedly connected with 2~10 universal wheels 16; The middle part on chassis 14 is provided with the rotating shaft through hole, and chassis 14 is provided with annular slideway 15, is provided with 2~30 protruding banks 13 (by 12 vibrations of protruding bank 13 plummers) in the slideway 15; The rotating shaft through hole on the chassis 14 is passed in the bottom of rotating shaft 11, and the universal wheel 16 that is fixed on the plummer 12 is positioned at slideway 15; The lower end of rotating shaft 11 is linked to each other with the output shaft of motor by universal coupling, and (plummer 12 is rotatable, simultaneously plummer is axially can free movement, 3 universal wheels are fixed in the plummer below in the present embodiment, universal wheel slip in the scraggly slideway on the chassis provides the vibrations of plummer, and the step angle of inclination is regulated by changing the different bearer platform; The plummer rotating speed is regulated by motor rotating; The plummer vibration frequency is regulated by slideway convex bank number; Another step is jumped into or rolled into to powder particle by rotation, vibrations from a step, with the prolongation plated film time, and makes a plurality of surfaces all obtain plated film, may separate because of the particle that aluminium liquid sticks together simultaneously);
The middle part of powder collection device 6 is provided with chassis through hole 19, and the outside of chassis through hole is provided with annular powder collection groove 18, and the outside of powder collection groove 18 is provided with annular cooling trough 17; The chassis 14 of plummer mechanism 5 is positioned at chassis through hole 19, fills ethanol liquid (preventing to reunite and oxidation after particle from aluminizing) in the powder collection groove 18, fills water coolant in the cooling trough 17.
Described feeding mechanism 4 comprises hoisting appliance 7, control stream pull bar 8, feeding funnel 9, support, the lower end of feeding funnel 9 has discharge port 10, the bottom of control stream pull bar 8 is a cone, the lower end part of control stream pull bar 8 is in discharge port 10 places, control stream pull bar 8 links to each other with hoisting appliance 7, and [bottom of flowing pull bar 8 because of control is a cone, 8 liftings of control stream pull bar, may command rate of feeding (blanking velocity)], feeding funnel 9 is fixedlyed connected with vacuum furnace body by support, and the discharge port 10 of feeding funnel 9 is positioned at the top of the plummer 12 of plummer mechanism 5.
Described heating unit is electrothermal tube (can produce 170~200 ℃ temperature).
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 7, a kind of preparation method of aluminum-cladding boron composite powder, it comprises the steps:
Getting the 3kg granularity is the boron powder through the granulation processing of 50~80 μ m, puts into the feeding funnel of multi-arc ion plating film machine subsequently.The setting rate of feeding is 15g/min, and total plated film time is 200 minutes, and the rotating speed of setting plummer is 3 rev/mins, and vibration frequency is 18 times/minute, and the monomeric plated film time of powder is 5~8 minutes.The intravital target of the vacuum oven of multi-arc ion plating film machine is selected the aluminium target.Be evacuated to 2.0 * 10
-2Pa at first cleans target and (leads to argon gas to 2Pa, 5min), and then be evacuated to 2.0 * 10
-2Pa.The vacuum furnace body internal heating is to 200 ℃ of coating temperatures.Applying argon gas to 2.5 * 10 subsequently
-1Pa, the electric current 60A of argon gas emissive source (being the arc source) (voltage is with electric current and the passive adjustment of air pressure).The boron powder that granulation is handled is fallen on the plummer from the feeding funnel, and another step is jumped into or rolled into to powder particle by rotation, vibrations from a step on the plummer, falls into the powder collection groove of powder collection device at last.Observe by window after 200 minutes, behind no powder on the plummer, turn off the multi-arc ion plating film machine.Obtaining the particle surface coating film thickness is the aluminum-cladding boron composite powder (product) of 600-800nm.Through check, coating is even, and particles dispersed is good.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of preparation method of aluminum-cladding boron composite powder, it comprises the steps:
Getting the 6kg granularity is the boron powder through the granulation processing of 30~50 μ m, puts into the feeding funnel of multi-arc ion plating film machine subsequently.The setting rate of feeding is 15g/min, and total plated film time is 400 minutes, and the rotating speed of setting plummer is 4 rev/mins, and vibration frequency is 24 times/minute, and the monomeric plated film time of powder is 3~4 minutes.The intravital target of the vacuum oven of multi-arc ion plating film machine is selected the aluminium target.Be evacuated to 2.0 * 10
-2Pa.At first target is cleaned and (lead to argon gas to 2Pa, 5min), and then be evacuated to 2.0 * 10
-2Pa.The vacuum furnace body internal heating is to 180 ℃ of coating temperatures.Applying argon gas to 2.5 * 10 subsequently
-1Pa, the electric current 55A of argon gas emissive source (being the arc source) (voltage is with electric current and the passive adjustment of air pressure).The boron powder that granulation is handled is fallen on the plummer from the feeding funnel, and another step is jumped into or rolled into to powder particle by rotation, vibrations from a step on the plummer, falls into the powder collection groove of powder collection device at last.Observe by window after 400 minutes, behind no powder on the plummer, turn off the multi-arc ion plating film machine.Obtaining the particle surface coating film thickness is the aluminum-cladding boron composite powder of 300-500nm, and through check, coating is even, and particles dispersed is good.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of preparation method of aluminum-cladding boron composite powder, it comprises the steps:
Getting the 10kg granularity is the boron powder through the granulation processing of 80~100 μ m, puts into the feeding funnel of multi-arc ion plating film machine subsequently.The setting rate of feeding is 20g/min, and total plated film time is 500 minutes, and the rotating speed of setting plummer is 2 rev/mins, and vibration frequency is 6 times/minute, and the monomeric plated film time of powder is 8~10 minutes.The intravital target of the vacuum oven of multi-arc ion plating film machine is selected the aluminium target.Be evacuated to 2.0 * 10
-2Pa at first cleans target and (leads to argon gas to 2Pa, 5min), and then be evacuated to 2.0 * 10
-2Pa.The vacuum furnace body internal heating is to 170 ℃ of coating temperatures.Applying argon gas to 2.5 * 10 subsequently
-1Pa, the electric current 70A of argon gas emissive source (being the arc source) (voltage is with electric current and the passive adjustment of air pressure).The boron powder that granulation is handled is fallen on the plummer from the feeding funnel, and another step is jumped into or rolled into to powder particle by rotation, vibrations from a step on the plummer, falls into the powder collection groove of powder collection device at last.Observe by window after 500 minutes, behind no powder on the plummer, turn off the multi-arc ion plating film machine.Obtaining the particle surface coating film thickness is the aluminum-cladding boron composite powder of 900-1200nm, and through check, coating is even, and particles dispersed is good.
Bound, the interval value of each processing parameter of the present invention (as temperature, granularity, speed, rotating speed, vibration frequency etc.) can both realize the present invention, do not enumerate embodiment one by one at this.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation method of an aluminum-cladding boron composite powder is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
1) pre-treatment of boron powder: with the granulation of boron powder, obtaining particle diameter is the pretreated boron powder of 2~100 μ m;
2) be raw material with the pretreated boron powder of 2~100 μ m, utilize the multi-arc ion coating membrane technique in the multi-arc ion plating film machine, the processing of aluminizing of multi sphere surface to be carried out on pretreated boron powder surface, obtain aluminum-cladding boron composite powder;
The parameter of described multi-arc ion coating membrane technique is: the intravital target of the vacuum oven of multi-arc ion plating film machine is selected the aluminium target; At first be evacuated to 2.0 * 10 in the vacuum furnace body of multi-arc ion plating film machine
-2Pa, applying argon gas is to (2.5~3.3) * 10 then
-1Pa; Electric current 55~the 70A of the intravital argon gas emissive source of the vacuum oven of multi-arc ion plating film machine; 170~200 ℃ of the intravital coating temperatures of the vacuum oven of multi-arc ion plating film machine; Feed pretreated boron powder with (5~20) rate of feeding of g/ minute to being positioned at the intravital plummer of vacuum oven then, the rotating speed of plummer is 1~5 rev/min, the vibration frequency of plummer is 3~30 times/minute, another step is jumped into or rolled into to powder particle by rotation, vibrations from a step on the plummer, falls into powder collection device at last.
2. the preparation method of a kind of aluminum-cladding boron composite powder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the multi-arc ion plating film machine comprises vacuum furnace body (1), target (2), argon gas emissive source (3), feeding mechanism (4), plummer mechanism (5), powder collection device (6), vacuum extractor, heating unit; Target (2), argon gas emissive source (3), feeding mechanism (4), plummer mechanism (5), powder collection device (6), heating unit lay respectively in the cavity of vacuum furnace body (1); Target (2) is fixed on the inwall of vacuum furnace body (1), and argon gas emissive source (3) is positioned at the top of the cavity of vacuum furnace body (1), and argon gas emissive source (3) is fixed on the inwall of vacuum furnace body (1); Vacuum extractor is connected with the cavity of vacuum furnace body (1); Feeding mechanism (4) is positioned at the top of plummer mechanism (5), and powder collection device (6) is positioned at the below of the plummer (12) of plummer mechanism (5);
Plummer mechanism (5) comprises rotating shaft (11), plummer (12), chassis (14), universal wheel (16), universal coupling, motor, plummer (12) is cone, there are a plurality of steps on the surface of cone, plummer (12) is fixedlyed connected with the upper end of rotating shaft (11) by steady brace, and the bottom of plummer (12) is fixedly connected with 2~10 universal wheels (16); The middle part on chassis (14) is provided with the rotating shaft through hole, and chassis (14) are provided with annular slideway (15), is provided with 2~30 protruding banks (13) in the slideway (15); The rotating shaft through hole on the chassis (14) is passed in the bottom of rotating shaft (11), and the universal wheel (16) that is fixed on the plummer (12) is positioned at slideway (15); The lower end of rotating shaft (11) is linked to each other with the output shaft of motor by universal coupling;
The middle part of powder collection device (6) is provided with chassis through hole (19), and the outside of chassis through hole is provided with annular powder collection groove (18), and the outside of powder collection groove (18) is provided with annular cooling trough (17); The chassis (14) of plummer mechanism (5) is positioned at chassis through hole (19), and the powder collection groove fills ethanol liquid in (18), and cooling trough fills water coolant in (17).
3. the preparation method of a kind of aluminum-cladding boron composite powder according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described feeding mechanism (4) comprises hoisting appliance (7), control stream pull bar (8), feeding funnel (9), support, the lower end of feeding funnel (9) has discharge port (10), the bottom of control stream pull bar (8) is a cone, the lower end part of control stream pull bar (8) is located in discharge port (10), control stream pull bar (8) links to each other with hoisting appliance (7), feeding funnel (9) is fixedlyed connected with vacuum furnace body by support, and the discharge port (10) of feeding funnel (9) is positioned at the top of the plummer (12) of plummer mechanism (5).
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CN103086816A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-05-08 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Method for coating metal on surface of agglomerated boron powder |
CN103254025A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-08-21 | 西安近代化学研究所 | High-flammability aluminium powder composition and preparation method thereof |
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