CN101762446B - Leakage measuring instrument and method for measuring leakage by using same - Google Patents
Leakage measuring instrument and method for measuring leakage by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN101762446B CN101762446B CN2010101101942A CN201010110194A CN101762446B CN 101762446 B CN101762446 B CN 101762446B CN 2010101101942 A CN2010101101942 A CN 2010101101942A CN 201010110194 A CN201010110194 A CN 201010110194A CN 101762446 B CN101762446 B CN 101762446B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a leakage measuring instrument and method for measuring leakage by using same, which comprises a leakage collecting component, a supporting component, a collection protecting component, a drainage component and a leakage measuring component. The leakage measuring instrument is characterized by also comprising a filtering component. The supporting component is arranged at the bottom of the collection protecting component; and the leakage collecting component, the filtering component and the drainage component are arranged in the collection protecting component, wherein the drainage component and the leakage collecting component are combined together, and the leakage measuring component measures the water drained by the drainage component. The leakage measuring instrument has the advantages of small volume, low cost, convenient installation and portability; and the measuring method is simple and has high precision. The leakage measuring instrument can be directly arranged at a certain depth of any position of the farmland, and realize timely, quantitative and intuitional automatic measurement of leaked water in a deep layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of leakage measuring instrument and use this leakage measuring instrument to measure the method for farmland deep percolation amount, be applicable to fields such as irrigation quality evaluation, irrigation science research and environmental protection.
Background technology
Rainfall or irrigation cause that surpassing planned moist layer in soil field water holdup and producing deep percolation is farmland moisture content round-robin important step, and accurately measuring leakage is the important foundation data of determining the increment of groundwater, estimating irrigation quality and environmental effect, the reasonable irrigation program of formulation and the calculating water demand of crop etc.At present, measure seepage and phreatic supply is mainly measured water level by inspection well obtain, the test observation of leakage is mainly by lysimeter or there is the end to survey the hole.Lysimeter utilizes principle of water balance to measure to be planted in the water requirement of vegetation in the soil box, though precision and automaticity are higher, equipment investment is big, the evaluation study of the quality of can not carrying out pouring water under the Different Irrigation technical conditions; There have the end to survey the hole principle to be the same with lysimeter, mainly by bottom leaky collection system observation leakage.Have the end to survey hole and lysimeter all because the survey pit area is less, the installation location relative fixed is invested higherly, is mainly used in the scientific research to the water demand of crop, and is not suitable for land for growing field crops irrigation quality evaluation.Big Tanaka's leakage rule really is by the soil moisture content after mensuration irrigation or the rainfall, utilizes the water balance equation to inquire into, and does not still have instrument and equipment can realize direct monitoring to the land for growing field crops leakage at present.
The monitor groundwater SEA LEVEL VARIATION is calculated leakage indirectly, is mainly used in the water-level observation research of rainfall recharge groundwater over a long time, promptly is mainly used in the research of water resource conversion aspect, and is not suitable for the measurement of irrigation water leakage.Because the used water yield is irrigated in the soil, the phreatic relatively supply water yield is limited, therefore causes that phreatic SEA LEVEL VARIATION is also very little, causes measuring accuracy too low and do not have an actual application value.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention provides a kind of leakage measuring instrument and uses this leakage measuring instrument to measure the method for leakage.
The present invention at first provides a kind of leakage measuring instrument, this leakage measuring instrument comprises seepage collecting part, support component, collection guard block, water drainage part and leakage measurement component, it is characterized in that: also comprise filter element, described collection guard block bottom is provided with support component, collects guard block inside and is provided with seepage collecting part, filter element and water drainage part; Wherein, water drainage part and seepage collecting part combine; The leakage measurement component is measured the water yield that water drainage part is discharged; Collecting guard block is that uncovered does not have foundation appearance device, and filter element is fixed in uncovered does not have the top that foundation describes wall.
As preferably, described filter element is made of the upper and lower two-layer Steel net that diameter 0.5-1.2mm fine sand is housed therebetween.
As preferably, it is 2 times of its diameter at least that described uncovered does not have height that foundation describes device, and uncovered does not have foundation and describes that device wall bottom is provided with support component.
As preferably, described uncovered does not have foundation and describes that device is that uncovered does not have end hydrostatic column, and this uncovered has hydrostatic column middle part, the end seepage collecting part is not set, and this seepage collecting part and uncovered do not have end hydrostatic column and be fixed together; Described support component is a fixed support, and being uniformly distributed in uncovered does not have hydrostatic column wall bottom, the end.
As preferably, described seepage collecting part is a funnel, and this funnel and uncovered do not have end hydrostatic column seamless link together.
As preferably, described leakage measurement component by water gaging container, float, lever, get counter, data acquisition unit and two electrodes ready and constitute, described water gaging container is located at the outlet of seepage collecting part, suspention one float in this water gaging container, this float links to each other with an end of described lever, and the other end of this lever connects an electrode; The described counter of getting ready connects another electrode and data acquisition unit, when the electrode that is connected with lever drops to extreme lower position, connect and form the loop with getting electrode that counter is connected ready, thereby counting once.
As preferably, described water drainage part is a U trap, and limit wall and water gaging container that this U trap passes the water gaging container are fixed together.
As preferably, described water gaging container is a truncated cone-shaped organic glass cup, and described U trap makes U trap for the organic glass cup; This U trap passes the limit wall of truncated cone-shaped organic glass cup and the seamless link of water gaging container together.
As preferably, described leakage measurement component is the tipping bucket type measurement mechanism, and this tipping bucket type measurement mechanism is the conventional tipping bucket type measurement mechanism in this area.
Above-mentioned seepage collecting part, support component, collection guard block, leakage measurement component, water drainage part and filter element; all be not limited to concrete shape, size, structure and connected mode; as long as adapt to each other; each parts can reach the corresponding function that these parts are set, and gets final product thereby can reach purpose of the present invention.
The present invention also further provides the method for using above-mentioned leakage measuring instrument to measure leakage: dig a hole in place to be measured, described leakage measuring instrument places in this hole, bankets then and can measure automatically to smooth.
Leakage measuring instrument volume provided by the invention is little, price is low, installation, easy to carry, and measuring method is simple, precision is high.This leakage measuring instrument can directly be installed to optional position, farmland certain depth (the plan wettable layer degree of depth that depends on Different Crop) and locate, realize to the deep percolation water yield in good time, quantitatively, measure automatically intuitively.Leakage measuring instrument cost provided by the invention is cheated price more than 100,000 yuan and build lysimeter or survey in 2500 yuan; The measuring accuracy height is the leakage of 0.1mm, i.e. 1m
3/ hm
2Leakage measuring instrument provided by the invention can accurately be measured the leakage of irrigating the soil, back, and can't realize the accurate measurement to it in the prior art.Because have survey hole, the end and lysimeter installation location to fix, measure the soil box area that area only limits to survey hole or lysimeter, substantially all be no more than 10m
2, do not have practical significance for the irrigation leakage mensuration of farmland yardstick.Calculate leakage indirectly by the monitor groundwater SEA LEVEL VARIATION, because the used water yield of field irrigation, phreatic relatively supply water yield proportion is little, therefore causes that phreatic SEA LEVEL VARIATION is small, and is too low and do not have an actual using value with measuring accuracy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the leakage measuring instrument that provides of embodiment 1.
Among the figure, 1 does not have end hydrostatic column for uncovered; 2 is filtering layer; 3 is funnel; 4 is truncated cone-shaped organic glass measuring glass; 5 is U trap; 6 is lever supporting axle and support; 7 is float; 8 is lever; 9 is electrode; 10 truncated cone-shaped organic glass measuring glass and siphonal fixed mount; 11 are electrode and the connecting line of getting counter and data acquisition unit ready; 12 is electrode supporting piece; 13 do not have the fixed support of end hydrostatic column for uncovered.Getting counter and data collector ready is prior art, and its connected mode also is a conventional connected mode of the prior art, therefore, does not indicate among Fig. 1.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, can be implemented so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention also, but illustrated embodiment is not as a limitation of the invention.
This leakage measuring instrument comprises seepage collecting part, support component, collection guard block, water drainage part, leakage measurement and filter element; collect the guard block bottom and be provided with support component, the inside of collecting guard block is provided with seepage collecting part, filter element and water drainage part.Wherein, water drainage part and seepage collecting part combine, and the leakage measurement component is measured the water yield that water drainage part is discharged.
Above-mentioned seepage collecting part, support component, collection guard block, leakage measurement component, water drainage part and filter element; all be not limited to concrete shape, size, structure and connected mode; as long as adapt each other; each parts can reach the corresponding function that these parts are set, and gets final product thereby can reach purpose of the present invention.
Fig. 1 only is used for that the present invention is done one to specify for implementing a concrete technical scheme of the present invention, and those skilled in the art be can better understand the present invention also can be implemented.
Among Fig. 1,
1. collection guard block: the uncovered of diameter 20cm, a high 40cm does not have end hydrostatic column, as the guard block of collecting part, is embedded in to be measured underground.
2. support component: uncovered does not have hydrostatic column wall bottom, the end and evenly distributes the fixed support of the high 10cm of welding as support component, and firm uncovered does not have end hydrostatic column.
3. filter element: uncovered does not have the sand filter of the built-in high 10cm in hydrostatic column top, the end, being fixed in uncovered by two-layer Steel net does not up and down have on the end hydrostatic column wall, in dress 0.5-1.2mm fine sand, prevent that soil particle from entering uncovered and not having measuring equipment in the end hydrostatic column.
4. leakage collecting part: uncovered has hydrostatic column middle part, the end funnel gathering-device is not set, and funnel upper edge and uncovered do not have end hydrostatic column to be fixed, and does seamless link, reduces the loss of leakage, the quickening afflux.
5. leakage measurement component and water drainage part: hopper outlet is provided with truncated cone-shaped organic glass measuring glass, high 2.5cm in the cup, interior diameter 2.32cm suitable for reading, bottom interior diameter 0.7cm.Fixedly install the glass siphon that internal diameter is 0.5cm along measuring cup limit wall, the U trap top is apart from measuring cup bottom 2cm, and the cup inner opening is in the bottom, and passing the sagging length of measuring cup wall is 5cm (this glass siphon is as water drainage part).Water level rises to 2cm and highly locates behind percolating water inlet water tumbler, flushes with the U trap top, and U trap begins draining, because syphonic effect, till the water gaging water in the cup is drained, enters in the soil of bottom and directly permeates the ground.Suspention one plastic float in the measuring cup, float links to each other with lever, and the lever end is an electrode, draw at line self-supporting axle place, and bolster is fixed on the operating platform, when the measuring glass water level rises, float rises, drive the lever other end that links to each other and descend, when dropping at utmost, when promptly beginning draining, electrode on the lever contacts with the electrode that is fixed on operating platform, form the loop with the counter of getting ready that links together on ground, record once carries out record next time then.
The above embodiment is the preferred embodiment that proves absolutely that the present invention lifts, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.Being equal to that those skilled in the art are done on basis of the present invention substitutes or conversion, and all within protection scope of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with claims.
Claims (8)
1. a leakage measuring instrument comprises seepage collecting part, support component, collection guard block, water drainage part and leakage measurement component, it is characterized in that: also comprise filter element; Described collection guard block bottom is provided with described support component, collects guard block inside and is provided with described seepage collecting part, filter element and water drainage part; Wherein, water drainage part and seepage collecting part combine; The leakage measurement component is measured the water yield that water drainage part is discharged; Collecting guard block is that uncovered does not have foundation appearance device, and filter element is fixed in uncovered does not have the top that foundation describes wall;
Described leakage measurement component by water gaging container, float, lever, get counter, data acquisition unit and two electrodes ready and constitute, described water gaging container is located at the outlet of seepage collecting part, suspention one float in this water gaging container, this float links to each other with an end of described lever, and the other end of this lever connects an electrode; The described counter of getting ready connects another electrode and data acquisition unit, when the electrode that is connected with lever drops to extreme lower position, connect and form the loop with getting electrode that counter is connected ready, thereby counting once.
2. leakage measuring instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described filter element is made of the upper and lower two-layer Steel net that diameter 0.5-1.2mm fine sand is housed therebetween.
3. leakage measuring instrument according to claim 2 is characterized in that: it is 2 times of its diameter at least that described uncovered does not have height that foundation describes device, and this uncovered does not have foundation and describes that device wall bottom is provided with described support component.
4. leakage measuring instrument according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described uncovered does not have foundation and describes that device is that uncovered does not have end hydrostatic column, this uncovered does not have hydrostatic column middle part, the end seepage collecting part is set, and this seepage collecting part and uncovered do not have end hydrostatic column and be fixed together; Described support component is a fixed support, and being uniformly distributed in uncovered does not have hydrostatic column wall bottom, the end.
5. leakage measuring instrument according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described seepage collecting part is a funnel, and this funnel and uncovered do not have end hydrostatic column seamless link together.
6. leakage measuring instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described water drainage part is a U trap, and limit wall and water gaging container that this U trap passes the water gaging container are fixed together.
7. leakage measuring instrument according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described water gaging container is a truncated cone-shaped organic glass cup, and described U trap is that organic glass makes U trap; This U trap passes the limit wall of truncated cone-shaped organic glass cup and the seamless link of water gaging container together.
8. use each described leakage measuring instrument of claim 1～7 to measure the method for leakage, it is characterized in that: dig a hole in place to be measured, described leakage measuring instrument places in this hole, bankets then and can measure automatically to smooth.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010101101942A CN101762446B (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2010-02-02 | Leakage measuring instrument and method for measuring leakage by using same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010101101942A CN101762446B (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2010-02-02 | Leakage measuring instrument and method for measuring leakage by using same |
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| CN101762446A CN101762446A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
| CN101762446B true CN101762446B (en) | 2011-11-16 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102331282B (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2014-07-02 | 中国林业科学研究院 | Leakage test recorder for soil deep water yield |
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| CN102062624B (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2012-04-25 | 浙江大学 | Agricultural drain water collecting and metering device |
| CN102606134B (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2014-11-05 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Device and method for measuring water draining content of drilling hole in mine top plate |
| CN103076251B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-12-17 | 北京林业大学 | Device for measuring vertical infiltration quantity and horizontal migration quantity of water in litter layer |
| CN103164569A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-06-19 | 尹立河 | Determination method of different depth ground water circulation volumes of big size basin |
| CN106441743A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-02-22 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Measuring device of evaporation pool leakage and measuring method of the evaporation pool leakage |
| CN109143412B (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2022-09-02 | 西北农林科技大学 | Rainfall characteristic collecting device |
| CN111220526B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2022-09-16 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Monitoring device for uneven leakage of soil |
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| CN2146710Y (en) * | 1992-12-30 | 1993-11-17 | 北京农业工程大学 | Soil permeability testing device |
| CN101251524A (en) * | 2008-04-01 | 2008-08-27 | 长江水利委员会长江勘测规划设计研究院 | Aggregation type multifunctional earth work current surveying machine |
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| CN2146710Y (en) * | 1992-12-30 | 1993-11-17 | 北京农业工程大学 | Soil permeability testing device |
| CN101251524A (en) * | 2008-04-01 | 2008-08-27 | 长江水利委员会长江勘测规划设计研究院 | Aggregation type multifunctional earth work current surveying machine |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102331282B (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2014-07-02 | 中国林业科学研究院 | Leakage test recorder for soil deep water yield |
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| CN101762446A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
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