CN101750573A - Portable cable local discharge detection device - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种电力检测技术领域的便携式电缆局部放电检测装置，包括：传感器、检测终端和控制模块，其中：传感器的输入端与电力电缆相连接进行检测，传感器的输出端与检测终端相连接以传输模拟传感信号，控制模块与检测终端相连接以接收模拟传感信号并输出控制指令和检测结果；本发明结构紧凑，箱体带有轮式结构，移动检测方便，工作效率高，具有较高的灵敏度和信噪比，综合应用高频电流法、超高频法、超声法、红外温度法等4种检测方法，可以在现场对XLPE电缆局部放电进行有效检测。
A portable cable partial discharge detection device in the field of electric power detection technology, including: a sensor, a detection terminal and a control module, wherein: the input end of the sensor is connected to the power cable for detection, and the output end of the sensor is connected to the detection terminal to transmit the analog Sensing signals, the control module is connected with the detection terminal to receive analog sensing signals and output control instructions and detection results; the invention has a compact structure, the box has a wheel structure, convenient movement and detection, high work efficiency, and high Sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, comprehensive application of four detection methods including high-frequency current method, ultra-high frequency method, ultrasonic method, and infrared temperature method, can effectively detect partial discharge of XLPE cables on site.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及的是一种电力检测技术领域的装置，具体是一种基于交联聚乙烯(XPLE)的便携式电缆局部放电检测装置。The invention relates to a device in the technical field of electric power detection, in particular to a portable cable partial discharge detection device based on cross-linked polyethylene (XPLE).
背景技术Background technique
交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电力电缆由于其电气性能和耐热性能好，安装敷设方便，不受高度落差的限制，特别是没有漏油和引起火灾的危险，在城市电网的应用日益广泛。但是，电力电缆在电、热、机械外力、水、油、有机化合物、酸、碱、盐及微生物作用下，常常发生老化，影响到绝缘性能，发生局部放电；在电缆运行过程中，由于内部的杂质、半导体凸起、电压作用下空间电荷的积累等因素造成的局部电场应力集中，也会产生局部放电；电缆终端由于绝缘结构复杂，影响其绝缘性能的因素很多，而且通常是现场人工制作，工艺不良容易遗留故障隐患，电缆终端故障率远高于电缆本体，使电缆的安全运行受到影响。随着城市的不大扩大和入地工程的开展，越来越多的XLPE电缆投入到电力系统各个电压等级的电力传输中。但传统的常规性预防试验周期长，不能有效及时地发现电缆故障，已经满足不了安全生产的需要，随着越来越多的电力电缆的投入运行，很多单位已无法按照规程按时完成常规预防试验，因此如何准确、快速、经济地检测现场运行电缆的绝缘状况成了急需解决的问题，对提高电力系统供电可靠性，减少电缆故障引起的经济损失有重大意义。Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) power cables are widely used in urban power grids because of their good electrical properties and heat resistance, easy installation and laying, and are not limited by height drops, especially without the risk of oil leakage and fire. However, under the action of electricity, heat, mechanical external force, water, oil, organic compounds, acid, alkali, salt and microorganisms, power cables often age, affect insulation performance, and cause partial discharge; during the operation of the cable, due to internal The local electric field stress concentration caused by factors such as impurities, semiconductor protrusions, space charge accumulation under voltage, etc., will also cause partial discharge; due to the complex insulation structure of the cable terminal, there are many factors that affect its insulation performance, and it is usually made manually on site. , Poor workmanship is likely to leave hidden troubles, and the failure rate of the cable terminal is much higher than that of the cable body, which affects the safe operation of the cable. With the small expansion of the city and the development of underground projects, more and more XLPE cables are put into the power transmission of various voltage levels in the power system. However, the traditional routine preventive test has a long cycle, and cannot effectively and timely find cable faults, which can no longer meet the needs of safe production. With more and more power cables put into operation, many units have been unable to complete routine preventive tests on time according to the regulations. , so how to accurately, quickly and economically detect the insulation status of the live cables has become an urgent problem to be solved, which is of great significance to improve the reliability of power supply in the power system and reduce the economic losses caused by cable faults.
经过对现有技术的检索发现，检测带电电缆或设备中局部放电的便携检测装置是用不同电磁探头的窄带射频检测器检测电缆或设备中的局部放电信号、用音量计量电表作局部放电信号显示的便携检测装置，但是该现有技术仅采用单一电测法(射频)检测局部放电，用音量计量电表显示局部放电信号大小，扬声器对局部放电信号模拟发声，检测过程较依赖操作人员的经验且结果有效性不易判断。After searching the prior art, it is found that the portable detection device for detecting partial discharge in live cables or equipment uses narrow-band radio frequency detectors with different electromagnetic probes to detect partial discharge signals in cables or equipment, and uses a volume meter to display partial discharge signals. However, this prior art only uses a single electric measurement method (radio frequency) to detect partial discharges, uses a volume meter to display the magnitude of the partial discharge signal, and the loudspeaker simulates the partial discharge signal. The detection process is more dependent on the experience of the operator and The validity of the results is not easy to judge.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术存在的上述不足，提供一种便携式电缆局部放电检测装置，综合应用了高频电流法、超高频法、超声法、红外温度法等4种检测方法，即电、声、温度法结合，用户界面友好，直观，操作方便，且具有一定智能性，结构紧凑，具有较高的灵敏度和信噪比，可以对XLPE电缆局部放电进行有效检测。The present invention aims at the above-mentioned deficiencies existing in the prior art, and provides a portable cable partial discharge detection device, which comprehensively applies four detection methods such as high-frequency current method, ultra-high frequency method, ultrasonic method and infrared temperature method, namely electric, acoustic , temperature method, user-friendly, intuitive, easy to operate, and has a certain degree of intelligence, compact structure, high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, and can effectively detect the partial discharge of XLPE cables.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的，本发明包括：传感器、检测终端和控制模块，其中：传感器的输入端与电力电缆相连接进行检测，传感器的输出端与检测终端相连接以传输模拟传感信号，控制模块与检测终端相连接以接收模拟传感信号并输出控制指令和检测结果。The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions. The present invention includes: a sensor, a detection terminal and a control module, wherein: the input end of the sensor is connected to the power cable for detection, and the output end of the sensor is connected to the detection terminal to transmit the analog sensing signal, the control module is connected with the detection terminal to receive the analog sensing signal and output control instructions and detection results.
所述的模拟传感信号包括：高频电流信号、超高频信号、超声信号和红外温度信号；The analog sensing signals include: high-frequency current signals, ultra-high-frequency signals, ultrasonic signals and infrared temperature signals;
所述的传感器包括：高频电流传感器、超高频传感器、超声传感器和红外温度传感器，其中：高频电流传感器、超高频传感器、超声传感器和红外温度传感器分别与检测终端相连接以传输模拟传感信号。The sensors include: a high-frequency current sensor, an ultra-high frequency sensor, an ultrasonic sensor and an infrared temperature sensor, wherein the high-frequency current sensor, an ultra-high frequency sensor, an ultrasonic sensor and an infrared temperature sensor are respectively connected to the detection terminal to transmit the analog sensing signal.
所述的检测终端包括：信号调理单元和数据采集单元，其中：信号调理单元与传感器相连接以接收模拟传感信号，信号调理单元的输出端与数据采集单元相连接以输出模拟传感信号，信号调理单元的输出端与控制模块相连接以输出红外温度信号，数据采集单元与信号调理单元相连接输出控制指令，数据采集单元与控制模块相连接以选择性输出高频电流信号、超高频信号或超声信号中的一种或其组合并接收控制指令。The detection terminal includes: a signal conditioning unit and a data acquisition unit, wherein: the signal conditioning unit is connected to the sensor to receive the analog sensing signal, and the output end of the signal conditioning unit is connected to the data acquisition unit to output the analog sensing signal, The output end of the signal conditioning unit is connected to the control module to output infrared temperature signals, the data acquisition unit is connected to the signal conditioning unit to output control instructions, and the data acquisition unit is connected to the control module to selectively output high-frequency current signals, ultra-high frequency One or a combination of signals or ultrasonic signals and receive control instructions.
所述的控制模块包括：局放信号处理单元、局放特征提取单元和分析诊断单元，其中：局放信号处理单元与检测终端相连接以接收模拟传感信号，局放信号处理单元采用FIR滤波、FFT滤波或小波滤波将模拟传感信号中的噪声干扰滤除后发送检测信号至局放特征提取单元，局放特征提取单元将检测信号中的特征图谱和放电指纹提取后输出至分析诊断单元，分析诊断单元对特征图谱和放电指纹分析评估并输出检测结果。The control module includes: a partial discharge signal processing unit, a partial discharge feature extraction unit, and an analysis and diagnosis unit, wherein: the partial discharge signal processing unit is connected to the detection terminal to receive analog sensor signals, and the partial discharge signal processing unit uses FIR filtering , FFT filter or wavelet filter to filter out the noise interference in the analog sensing signal and send the detection signal to the PD feature extraction unit, which extracts the characteristic spectrum and discharge fingerprint in the detection signal and outputs it to the analysis and diagnosis unit The analyzing and diagnosing unit analyzes and evaluates the characteristic map and the discharge fingerprint and outputs the detection result.
所述的特征图谱包括：幅值相位分布、平均放电量相位分布、放电次数相位分布、放电幅值分布、放电能量分布和φ-q-n三维图谱。The characteristic map includes: amplitude phase distribution, average discharge capacity phase distribution, discharge number phase distribution, discharge amplitude distribution, discharge energy distribution and φ-q-n three-dimensional map.
所述的放电指纹包括：突出度、偏斜度、局部峰个数、放电不对称度、相位不对称度、互相关因子和相位中值等。The discharge fingerprint includes: prominence, skewness, number of local peaks, discharge asymmetry, phase asymmetry, cross-correlation factor, and phase median.
本发明高频电流传感器(HFCT)对应的信号调理单元具有10倍和100倍两级放大，频带为300KHz-25MHz，可以根据现场采样信号的大小，利用软件方便地调整放大倍数；超高频传感器(UHF)对应的信号调理单元主要由带通滤波器、前置放大器、混频器、频率综合器等组成，用于对传感器送来的信号进行预处理，实现任意选通超高频段一定带宽的某一中心频率的信号；超声传感器(AE)对应的信号调理单元为电压型放大滤波器，放大倍数1000倍，频带20kHz-1200kHz；红外温度传感器(IR)对应的信号调理单元将红外探头信号转换为工业电脑可识别的数字信号，通过RS232接口和便携工业电脑相连接。采集模块最高采样频率100MHz，AD分辨率16bit，交流耦合输入方式。便携工业电脑安装设计的XLPE电缆局部放电检测软件系统。The signal conditioning unit corresponding to the high-frequency current sensor (HFCT) of the present invention has two-stage amplification of 10 times and 100 times, and the frequency band is 300KHz-25MHz, and the amplification factor can be conveniently adjusted by software according to the size of the on-site sampling signal; the ultra-high frequency sensor (UHF) The corresponding signal conditioning unit is mainly composed of a bandpass filter, a preamplifier, a mixer, a frequency synthesizer, etc., and is used to preprocess the signal sent by the sensor to achieve a certain bandwidth of the UHF band. The signal of a certain center frequency; the signal conditioning unit corresponding to the ultrasonic sensor (AE) is a voltage type amplification filter, the amplification factor is 1000 times, and the frequency band is 20kHz-1200kHz; the signal conditioning unit corresponding to the infrared temperature sensor (IR) converts the infrared probe signal Convert it into a digital signal recognizable by an industrial computer, and connect it to a portable industrial computer through the RS232 interface. The maximum sampling frequency of the acquisition module is 100MHz, the AD resolution is 16bit, and the input mode is AC coupling. XLPE cable partial discharge detection software system designed for portable industrial computer installation.
高频电流传感器、超高频传感器、超声传感器和红外温度传感器与检测终端中对应的信号处理单元相连接，数据采集单元与信号调理单元相连接以接收采集数据，并将采集数据进行保存并输出至局放信号处理单元，局放信号处理单元采用FIR滤波、FFT滤波或小波滤波将采集数据中的噪声干扰滤除后发送检测信号至局放特征提取单元，局放特征提取单元将检测信号中的特征图谱和放电指纹提取后输出至分析诊断单元，分析诊断单元对特征图谱和放电指纹分析评估并输出检测结果。The high-frequency current sensor, ultra-high frequency sensor, ultrasonic sensor and infrared temperature sensor are connected to the corresponding signal processing unit in the detection terminal, and the data acquisition unit is connected to the signal conditioning unit to receive the collected data, save and output the collected data To the partial discharge signal processing unit, the partial discharge signal processing unit adopts FIR filtering, FFT filtering or wavelet filtering to filter out the noise interference in the collected data and then sends the detection signal to the partial discharge feature extraction unit, and the partial discharge feature extraction unit extracts the detected signal The characteristic atlas and discharge fingerprints are extracted and output to the analysis and diagnosis unit, and the analysis and diagnosis unit analyzes and evaluates the characteristic atlas and discharge fingerprints and outputs the detection results.
本发明结构紧凑，箱体带有轮式结构，移动检测方便，工作效率高，具有较高的灵敏度和信噪比，综合应用高频电流法、超高频法、超声法、红外温度法等4种检测方法，可以在现场对XLPE电缆局部放电进行有效检测。The invention has a compact structure, a box with a wheeled structure, convenient mobile detection, high work efficiency, high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, and comprehensively applies high-frequency current method, ultra-high frequency method, ultrasonic method, infrared temperature method, etc. 4 detection methods can effectively detect the partial discharge of XLPE cables on site.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
图2是本发明工作流程示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the present invention.
图3是检测装置现场检测示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of on-site detection by the detection device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明，本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation example.
如图1所示，本实施例包括：传感器、检测终端和控制模块，其中：传感器的输入端与电力电缆相连接进行检测，传感器的输出端与检测终端相连接以传输模拟传感信号，控制模块与检测终端相连接以接收模拟传感信号并输出控制指令和检测结果。As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment includes: a sensor, a detection terminal and a control module, wherein: the input end of the sensor is connected with the power cable for detection, and the output end of the sensor is connected with the detection terminal to transmit the analog sensing signal, control The module is connected with the detection terminal to receive the analog sensing signal and output control instructions and detection results.
所述的模拟传感信号包括：高频电流信号、超高频信号、超声信号和红外温度信号；The analog sensing signals include: high-frequency current signals, ultra-high-frequency signals, ultrasonic signals and infrared temperature signals;
所述的控制指令包括：放大倍数调节指令、采样启停指令、采样模式选择指令、信号处理指令、局放特征提取指令和分析诊断指令；The control instructions include: magnification adjustment instructions, sampling start and stop instructions, sampling mode selection instructions, signal processing instructions, partial discharge feature extraction instructions, and analysis and diagnosis instructions;
所述的检测结果包括：最大放电量相位分布指标、平均放电量相位分布指标、放电次数相位分布指标、放电幅值分布指标和放电能量分布指标；The detection results include: maximum discharge capacity phase distribution index, average discharge capacity phase distribution index, discharge times phase distribution index, discharge amplitude distribution index and discharge energy distribution index;
所述的传感器包括：高频电流传感器、超高频传感器、超声传感器和红外温度传感器，其中：高频电流传感器、超高频传感器、超声传感器和红外温度传感器分别与检测终端相连接以传输模拟传感信号。The sensors include: a high-frequency current sensor, an ultra-high frequency sensor, an ultrasonic sensor and an infrared temperature sensor, wherein the high-frequency current sensor, an ultra-high frequency sensor, an ultrasonic sensor and an infrared temperature sensor are respectively connected to the detection terminal to transmit the analog sensing signal.
所述的高频电流传感器采用钳式结构，该高频电流传感器的电磁耦合磁芯采用超微晶材料，磁芯带有气隙，避免出现磁芯饱和现象，用于感应局放产生的脉冲电流信号；The high-frequency current sensor adopts a clamp structure, and the electromagnetic coupling magnetic core of the high-frequency current sensor is made of ultrafine crystal material, and the magnetic core has an air gap to avoid the saturation phenomenon of the magnetic core, and is used to induce the pulse generated by partial discharge. current signal;
所述的超高频传感器采用频带为500MHz-1.5GHz的微带天线，用于接收电缆局放时产生的超高频信号；The ultra-high-frequency sensor adopts a microstrip antenna with a frequency band of 500MHz-1.5GHz, which is used to receive the ultra-high-frequency signal generated when the cable is partially discharged;
所述的超声传感器为压电型声发射传感器，谐振频率为30kHz，频带为20kHz-180kHz；The ultrasonic sensor is a piezoelectric acoustic emission sensor with a resonant frequency of 30kHz and a frequency band of 20kHz-180kHz;
所述的红外温度传感器为非接触式红外温度传感器，可准确地测量辐射的能量并将其转化成温度信号。The infrared temperature sensor is a non-contact infrared temperature sensor, which can accurately measure radiated energy and convert it into a temperature signal.
所述的检测终端包括：信号调理单元和数据采集单元，其中：信号调理单元与传感器相连接以接收模拟传感信号，信号调理单元的输出端与数据采集单元相连接以输出模拟传感信号，信号调理单元的输出端与控制模块相连接以输出红外温度信号，数据采集单元与信号调理单元相连接输出控制指令，数据采集单元与控制模块相连接以选择性输出高频电流信号、超高频信号或超声信号中的一种或其组合并接收控制指令。The detection terminal includes: a signal conditioning unit and a data acquisition unit, wherein: the signal conditioning unit is connected to the sensor to receive the analog sensing signal, and the output end of the signal conditioning unit is connected to the data acquisition unit to output the analog sensing signal, The output end of the signal conditioning unit is connected to the control module to output infrared temperature signals, the data acquisition unit is connected to the signal conditioning unit to output control instructions, and the data acquisition unit is connected to the control module to selectively output high-frequency current signals, ultra-high frequency One or a combination of signals or ultrasonic signals and receive control instructions.
所述的检测终端上设有3个机械双向开关，实现手动控制指令的手动切换。The detection terminal is provided with three mechanical two-way switches to realize manual switching of manual control commands.
所述的控制模块包括：局放信号处理单元、局放特征提取单元和分析诊断单元，其中：局放信号处理单元与检测终端相连接以接收模拟传感信号，局放信号处理单元采用FIR滤波、FFT滤波或小波滤波将模拟传感信号中的噪声干扰滤除后发送检测信号至局放特征提取单元，局放特征提取单元将检测信号中的特征图谱和放电指纹提取后输出至分析诊断单元，分析诊断单元对特征图谱和放电指纹分析评估并输出检测结果。The control module includes: a partial discharge signal processing unit, a partial discharge feature extraction unit, and an analysis and diagnosis unit, wherein: the partial discharge signal processing unit is connected to the detection terminal to receive analog sensor signals, and the partial discharge signal processing unit uses FIR filtering , FFT filter or wavelet filter to filter out the noise interference in the analog sensing signal and send the detection signal to the PD feature extraction unit, which extracts the characteristic spectrum and discharge fingerprint in the detection signal and outputs it to the analysis and diagnosis unit The analyzing and diagnosing unit analyzes and evaluates the characteristic map and the discharge fingerprint and outputs the detection result.
所述的特征图谱包括：幅值相位分布、平均放电量相位分布、放电次数相位分布、放电幅值分布、放电能量分布和φ-q-n三维图谱。The characteristic map includes: amplitude phase distribution, average discharge capacity phase distribution, discharge number phase distribution, discharge amplitude distribution, discharge energy distribution and φ-q-n three-dimensional map.
所述的放电指纹包括：突出度、偏斜度、局部峰个数、放电不对称度、相位不对称度、互相关因子和相位中值等。The discharge fingerprint includes: prominence, skewness, number of local peaks, discharge asymmetry, phase asymmetry, cross-correlation factor, and phase median.
如图2所示，本实施例通过以下方式进行工作：高频电流传感器、超高频传感器、超声传感器和红外温度传感器与检测终端中对应的信号处理单元相连接，数据采集单元与信号调理单元相连接以接收采集数据，并将采集数据进行保存并输出至局放信号处理单元，局放信号处理单元采用FIR滤波、FFT滤波或小波滤波将采集数据中的噪声干扰滤除后发送检测信号至局放特征提取单元，局放特征提取单元将检测信号中的特征图谱和放电指纹提取后输出至分析诊断单元，分析诊断单元对特征图谱和放电指纹分析评估并输出检测结果。As shown in Figure 2, this embodiment works in the following manner: the high-frequency current sensor, ultra-high frequency sensor, ultrasonic sensor and infrared temperature sensor are connected to the corresponding signal processing unit in the detection terminal, and the data acquisition unit is connected to the signal conditioning unit connected to receive the collected data, save the collected data and output it to the partial discharge signal processing unit, the partial discharge signal processing unit uses FIR filter, FFT filter or wavelet filter to filter out the noise interference in the collected data and then send the detection signal to Partial discharge feature extraction unit, the partial discharge feature extraction unit extracts the characteristic map and discharge fingerprint in the detection signal and outputs it to the analysis and diagnosis unit, and the analysis and diagnosis unit analyzes and evaluates the feature map and discharge fingerprint and outputs the detection result.
如图3所示，为本实施例具体安装示意图，其中：高频电流传感器、超高频传感器、超声传感器和红外温度传感器分别设置于高频电缆的电缆屏蔽层上，高频电流传感器与高频电缆的电缆屏蔽接地线相连接，高频电缆与开关柜相连接。As shown in Figure 3, it is a specific installation schematic diagram of this embodiment, wherein: the high-frequency current sensor, the ultra-high frequency sensor, the ultrasonic sensor and the infrared temperature sensor are respectively arranged on the cable shielding layer of the high-frequency cable, and the high-frequency current sensor and the high-frequency The cable shielding grounding wire of the high frequency cable is connected, and the high frequency cable is connected with the switch cabinet.
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