CN101737266B - Megawatt-level variable speed wind generating set featuring flexible combination of multiple electric generators and control method thereof - Google Patents
Megawatt-level variable speed wind generating set featuring flexible combination of multiple electric generators and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a megawatt-level variable speed wind generating set featuring flexible combination of multiple electric generators; the wind generating set comprises a tower, a foundation, a low speed permanent magnet synchronizing generator, an intermediate speed permanent magnet synchronizing generator, a current transformer and a wheel hub with blades; the wheel hub with blades is connected with the low speed permanent magnet synchronizing generator, the low speed permanent magnet synchronizing generator is connected with the intermediate speed permanent magnet synchronizing generator through a primary speed raising gear case; the low speed permanent magnet synchronizing generator, the intermediate speed permanent magnet synchronizing generator and the primary speed raising gearcase are arranged on the foundation which is arranged on the tower; the low speed permanent magnet synchronizing generator and the intermediate speed permanent magnet synchronizing generator are connected with a power grid through the independent current transformer thereof.The wind generating set of the invention features simple and reasonable structure, good practical applicability, stability and high efficiency, thus being beneficial to promotion and application in a large scale.
Description
Technical field: the present invention relates to the wind-driven generator technical group field, a kind of specifically MW class Variable Speed Wind Power Generator of multiple generator flexible combination.
Background technique: in recent years, along with the development of wind generating technology, Variable Speed Wind Power Generator has become the mainstream model of large-scale wind power generator incorporated in power network group.Compare with the constant speed wind-driven generator group, the superiority of Variable Speed Wind Power Generator is: it can change according to wind speed when hanging down wind speed, is in operation to remain best tip speed ratio to obtain maximal wind-energy; Utilize the variation of wind speed round during high wind speed, store or the release portion energy, improve the flexibility of transmission system, make power output more steady.Thereby on bigger capacity, Variable Speed Wind Power Generator will replace the constant speed wind-driven generator group and become the mainstream model of wind-power electricity generation.
The drive system of at present popular Variable Speed Wind Power Generator mainly contains three kinds of schemes:
First kind is high-speed asynchronous power generator double-fed system, and it mainly is made up of three grades of step-up gears+Wound-rotor asynchronous generator+two way convertor.Be characterized in that generator speed can be in the upper and lower two changes of direction of synchronous speed, the rotation speed change scope be generally the generator rated speed ± 1/3, the power of corresponding current transformer has only 1/3 of generator power.This scheme must be used three grades of raising speed gear-boxes, joins high-speed asynchronous power generator (adopting the 4-6 pole generator usually).Raising speed gear-box speed ratio is big, load is heavy, change the impact fluctuation greatly with wind speed, and fatiguability damages, and rate of fault is high to be the major defect of this scheme.Winding asynchronous generator amature winding is presented electricity needs brush and slip ring, and it is another shortcoming of this programme that position measurement needs encoder, influences reliability, increases maintenance workload.
Second kind is the straight drive system of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator, and it mainly is made up of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator+full power convertor.Its feature is: do not have the raising speed gear-box, impeller directly drives the low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator rotor, has eliminated the weak link of high-speed asynchronous power generator double-fed system gear up, has improved the reliability of unit greatly, reduces maintenance workload; Because equipment is few, arrange compact.Because the generator unit stator winding is connected with electrical network through the current transformer of incoming frequency wider range, the generator rated frequency can reduce, and makes the motor number of pole-pairs be reduced to reasonable value.From principle say synchronous generator adopt excitation-type and magneto can, but because of the excitation-type volume is bigger, efficient is lower, also needs one to overlap excitation device, so lessly in wind power generating set, use.In addition, magneto alternator does not have brush and slip ring, helps to improve reliability yet, reduces maintenance workload.The shortcoming of the straight drive system of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator is: its low-speed permanent-magnet generator volume is big, and current transformer will be carried the generator full power, so its motor and current transformer price are all high than high-speed asynchronous power generator double-fed system.
The third is half a straight drive system of single-stage raising speed+middling speed magneto alternator, and it mainly is made up of one-level raising speed gear-box+middling speed magneto alternator+full power convertor.It is the compromise proposal between high-speed asynchronous power generator double-fed system and the straight drive system of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator; Utilize one-level gear raising speed; Be raised to a high value to the motor rated speed; Its number of pole-pairs is reduced, significantly reduced the volume and the cost of magneto alternator, and gear-box is simple, volume is little, reliable, easy to maintenance.This scheme cabin is less, arranges very compact.Its frequency variator also is the full power frequency variator, needs to carry the full power of generator.
More than in the drive system of three kinds of wind-driven generators, the third drive system is that of development potentiality is arranged most in high-power type.But because above three kinds of drive systems all adopt single generator, be difficult to regulate its operation under low wind speed, the efficient of power coefficient and drive system all can significantly reduce when hanging down wind speed.Simultaneously; Owing to adopt single generator; The current transformer that it is supporting and the size of gear-box all will be with the watt level couplings of generator; For 5MW and above wind power generating set, the research and development of its generator, current transformer and gear-box, manufacturing, transportation, installation, maintenance cost all will improve greatly, to a certain degree limit the development of these three kinds of drive systems.
In order to address these problems, the someone has proposed the variable speed drive system of multiple generator combination generating.
The scheme that existing variable speed drive system adopts is that selection is a kind of as architecture basics in above-mentioned three kinds of drive systems; Increase one or more generator and constitute drive system with the speed rotation; It adopts the form of high-power generator and small power generator combination generating; Generator is incorporated into the power networks through converter plant mostly, when different wind speed, between many generators, switches wind energy utilization and generating efficiency to improve each wind speed section.
For example: Chinese patent ZL200820110240.7; Authorize publication number CN201260146Y; June 17 2009 notice of authorization day; The name of innovation and creation is called the hybrid type wind power generating set, this disclosure of the Invention a kind of coaxial double-generator Variable Speed Wind Power Generator, its drive system is on the architecture basics of high-speed asynchronous power generator double-fed system, to have increased a small power generator and the current transformer supporting with it; Be characterized in: double-fed generator is connected with the rotor coaxial of small power generator after gear-box is connected with wheel hub; The rotor-side of double-fed generator is connected with current transformer, and the stator side of small power generator is connected with current transformer, and two generators are connected with electrical network through two current transformers are independent respectively.Its advantage is: when hanging down wind speed, through switching to small power generator and corresponding little current transformer, make Transmitted chains efficient keep higher level; When wind speed reached rated wind speed, blade can keep best tip speed ratio to a certain extent, and it is best that power coefficient keeps under most of situation.Its deficiency is: raising speed gear-box speed ratio is big, load is heavy, change fluctuation greatly and frequent with wind speed, and cost is high, the fatiguability damage; Equipment is many, the cabin is big, arranges not compact; Wound asynchronous motor has brush and slip ring, influences reliability, increases maintenance workload; The double-fed generator rotating speed is in the upper and lower two changes of direction of synchronous speed; Excursion has restriction; Though can reduce the capacity of current transformer, when carrying out the switching of small power generator and double-fed generator, the torque of the double-fed generator variation of can't starting from scratch; The total torque of two generators must have jump when switching, can not realize the constant the best of power coefficient.
And for example: Chinese patent publication number CN101257214A; Open day on September 3rd, 2008; The name of innovation and creation is called large-sized variable speed permanent magnetism wind power generation system; The drive system of this patent is on the architecture basics of half straight drive system of single-stage raising speed+middling speed magneto alternator, to have increased a small-power magneto alternator, and be characterized in: the rotor coaxial of two generators connects after gear-box is connected with wheel hub, has only disposed the inverter that is complementary with small power generator.Its deficiency is: when the switching of carrying out between small power generator and the high-power generator; Has only an inverter that is complementary with small power generator; Can only regulate the torque of a generator; And the torque of high-power generator can not be regulated arbitrarily, so certainly exist the jump of torque when switching, has reduced the efficient of power coefficient and drive system.And, by wind-drive, only depend on machinery to become magneto alternator that oar regulates directly to be incorporated into the power networks and can not to realize basically.
More than the common issue with that exists of two kinds of drive systems be: 1, two generators all pass through gear-box and are connected with wheel hub, and gear-box is high rate of fault parts, and generator set must quit work and overhaul when gearbox fault; 2, when carrying out the switching of small power generator and high-power generator; The torque of generator can't realize starting from scratch and change continuously; The total torque of two generators always has jump when switching, can not realize the power coefficient optimization, and can impact to main shaft and electrical network.
Summary of the invention:
Goal of the invention: the present invention provides a kind of MW class Variable Speed Wind Power Generator of multiple generator flexible combination, its objective is the following problem that solves: 1, the problem that reduces of in the past single generator Variable Speed Wind Power Generator power coefficient and efficient when low wind speed; 2, in the past single generator Variable Speed Wind Power Generator, for 5MW and above wind power generating set, the problem that the research and development of its generator, current transformer and gear-box, manufacturing, transportation, installation, maintenance cost improve greatly; 3, in the past multiple generator Variable Speed Wind Power Generator, its two generators all pass through gear-box and are connected with wheel hub, and generator set must be shut down the problem of maintenance when gearbox fault; 4, in the past multiple generator Variable Speed Wind Power Generator, when the switching of carrying out between the generator, the total torque of generator always has jump, can not realize the power coefficient optimization, and the problem that can impact to main shaft and electrical network.
Technological scheme: the present invention realizes through following technological scheme:
A kind of MW class Variable Speed Wind Power Generator of multiple generator flexible combination is characterized in that: said generator set mainly comprises pylon, base, low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator, middling speed magneto alternator, current transformer, yaw system, pitch-controlled system and blade-carrying wheel hub; Said blade-carrying wheel hub is connected with the low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator, and the low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator is connected with the middling speed magneto alternator through one-level raising speed gear-box; Low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator, one-level raising speed gear-box and middling speed magneto alternator are arranged on the base, and base is arranged on the pylon; Said low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator and middling speed magneto alternator pass through separately independently respectively, and current transformer inserts electrical network.
The output terminal of said low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator is connected with one-level raising speed gear-box through the coupling that can break off.
The entire machine design range of capacity of said generator set is for being not less than 5MW.
The controlling method of the MW class Variable Speed Wind Power Generator of aforesaid multiple generator flexible combination is characterized in that: the concrete steps of said electricity-generating method are following:
(1), the control step of power increase:
A, when wind speed is higher than the incision wind speed of said generator set; The low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator is connected to the grid; Through controlling its torque with the supporting current transformer of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator, make blade remain best tip speed ratio, it is best that power coefficient keeps;
B, along with wind speed continue to increase; When low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator acc power reaches the rated power of himself; The middling speed magneto alternator is connected to the grid; The torque of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator reduces up to withdrawing from gradually is incorporated into the power networks, and the torque of middling speed magneto alternator increases up to the rated power operation that reaches self gradually, in this process; Through controlling its torque, make total torque respectively according to the curvilinear motion of setting with low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator and the supporting separately current transformer of middling speed magneto alternator;
C, when the power of middling speed magneto alternator reaches rated power; The low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator is connected to the grid once more; The torque of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator is constantly risen up to nominal torque, and the torque of middling speed magneto alternator progressively reduces up to nominal torque, and after this two generator speeds increase synchronously; In this process, its total torque changes according to setting curve all the time;
D, after two generator synchronous speed reach rated speed, regulate propeller pitch angle through pitch-controlled system, keep invariablenes turning speed constant, power constantly increases;
E, when the total output of two generators is higher than rated power, regulate propeller pitch angle through pitch-controlled system and carry out power control, keep power constant;
(2), the control step of power reduction:
A, when wind speed reduces, regulate propeller pitch angle through pitch-controlled system, keep invariablenes turning speed constant, power constantly reduces;
B, when the total output of two generators is lower than rated power, the synchronization of two generators of control reduces, power constantly reduces;
The torque of c, low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator constantly reduces is incorporated into the power networks up to withdrawing from, and the torque of middling speed magneto alternator progressively increases up to the middling speed magneto alternator and reaches rated power, and total torque changes along setting curve; At this moment, middling speed magneto alternator isolated operation;
D, along with wind speed continues to reduce; When wind wheel power is reduced to the power of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator; The low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator is connected to the grid; The torque of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator increases gradually, and the torque of middling speed magneto alternator reduces up to withdrawing from gradually is incorporated into the power networks, and makes total torque according to the curvilinear motion of setting.
After e, middling speed magneto alternator withdraw from electrical network, the isolated operation of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator, along with wind speed reduces, torque reduces thereupon, makes power coefficient keep best.
The curve of said setting is meant and guarantees best tip speed ratio, to realize the curve of power coefficient the optimum state.
Advantage and effect: the present invention provides a kind of MW class Variable Speed Wind Power Generator of multiple generator flexible combination, and said generator set mainly comprises pylon, base, low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator, middling speed magneto alternator, current transformer and blade-carrying wheel hub; Said blade-carrying wheel hub is connected with the low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator, and the low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator is connected with the middling speed magneto alternator through one-level raising speed gear-box; Low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator, one-level raising speed gear-box and middling speed magneto alternator are arranged on the base, and base is arranged on the pylon; Said low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator and middling speed magneto alternator pass through separately independently in use respectively, and current transformer inserts electrical network.
Adopt the beneficial effect of technique scheme to be:
1, adopt multiple generator speed change scheme, power coefficient and generator efficiency significantly improve when hanging down wind speed;
2, use multiple generator, single generator capacity is reduced, for the Large-scale Wind Turbines more than the 5MW, the research and development of its generator, frequency variator and gear-box, manufacturing, transportation, installation, maintenance cost significantly reduce;
3, gear-box is located between low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator and the middling speed magneto alternator; And the output shaft of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator is connected with one-level raising speed gear-box through the coupling that can break off; When gearbox fault, can break off itself and being connected of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator, guarantee that wind energy conversion system still can generate electricity when gearbox fault;
4, low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator and middling speed magneto alternator respectively through separately independently full power convertor be connected with electrical network; Switching between two generators realizes flexible the switching through the torque of full power convertor reasonable distribution; Make the total torque of generator in the operating air velocity scope, satisfy the rule of setting curve; In conjunction with the control of pitch-controlled system, realize the power coefficient optimization, and can not impact main shaft and electrical network to propeller pitch angle.
5, drive system is taked the mode of half straight drive system combination of the straight drive system of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator and single-stage raising speed+middling speed magneto alternator; The advantage of having gathered two kinds of schemes: its generator all is a permagnetic synchronous motor; There are not brush and slip ring; Help to improve reliability, reduce maintenance workload.Utilize one-level gear raising speed, be raised to a high value to the motor rated speed, its number of pole-pairs is reduced, significantly reduced the volume and the cost of middling speed magneto alternator, and gear-box is simple, volume is little, reliable, easy to maintenance.Simultaneously, the low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator is a small power generator, rounds 1/5 to 1/3 of machine capacity, thereby has reduced the diameter of generator, has avoided the shortcoming of the straight drive system of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator.This kind arrangement makes the engine room inside structure very compact, improved cabin space and utilized interest rate, and position of centre of gravity is reasonable, has increased the stability in cabin.
This invention is simple for structure, and rationally practical, system stability is reliable, and the wind-powered electricity generation conversion efficiency is high, relatively is beneficial on a large scale and applies.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 2 is the partial sectional view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the running principle block diagram of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 4 is a power of the present invention.
1. wheel hubs among the figure, 2. pitch-controlled system, 3. blade, 4. low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator; 5. base, 6. gear-box, the 7. damping device of gear-box, 8. yaw system; 9. middling speed magneto alternator, 10. pylon, 11. full power convertors, 12. full power convertors; 13. electrical network, the axis of 14. low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generators, the stator of 15. low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generators, the rotor of 16. middling speed magneto alternators; 17. can break off coupling, 18. coupling, the damping device of 19. middling speed magneto alternators.
Embodiment: the present invention is done further explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1; The present invention provides a kind of MW class Variable Speed Wind Power Generator of multiple generator flexible combination, and said generator set mainly comprises pylon 10, base 5, low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4, middling speed magneto alternator 9, current transformer and has the wheel hub 1 of blade 3; The said wheel hub 1 that has blade 3 is connected with low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4, and low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 is connected with middling speed magneto alternator 9 through one-level raising speed gear-box 6; Low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4, one-level raising speed gear-box 6 and middling speed magneto alternator 9 are arranged on the base 5, and base 5 is arranged on the pylon 10; Said low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 passes through separately independently respectively with middling speed magneto alternator 9 in use, and full power convertor 11,12 inserts electrical networks 13; Realize flexible the switching through full power convertor 11,12 reasonable distribution torques between two generators.Said base 5 is arranged on the base 5 through yaw system 8; In said wheel hub 1, also be provided with pitch-controlled system 2.The output terminal of said low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 is connected with one-level raising speed gear-box 6 through the coupling 17 that can break off.The entire machine design range of capacity of said generator set is for being not less than 5MW.Said low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 is a small power generator, is taken as 1/5 to 1/3 of complete machine capacity, and said middling speed magneto alternator 9 is a high-power generator, is taken as complete machine capacity 2/3 to 4/5.
Saying more more specifically; Low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 is fixedly mounted on the front end of base 5; The front end of the axis 14 of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 and wheel hub 1 coaxial the fixed connection; Rotor 16 coaxial fixed connections of the stage casing of the axis 14 of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 and low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator wherein, axis 14 rear ends of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 are connected with the input shaft of gear-box 6 is coaxial through breaking off coupling 17; Gear-box 6 is installed on the base 5 through damping device 7 supports of gear-box, and the damping device 7 of said gear-box is installed on the sidewall of base 5; The output shaft of said gear-box 6 is fixedly connected with the input shaft of middling speed magneto alternator 9; The damping device 19 of middling speed magneto alternator 9 through the middling speed magneto alternator support be installed in base 5 on, the damping device 19 of said magneto alternator also is arranged on the sidewall of base 5; The input shaft of said middling speed magneto alternator 9 is connected through coupling 18 with the output shaft of gear-box 6.
Between said base 5 and pylon 10, also be provided with yaw system 8.That is to say that yaw system 8 is installed on base 5 bottoms, the top of pylon 10; Part on the yaw system 8 just base 5 drives with the rotation of all members through yaw system 8 that is arranged on the base 5, will be around pylon 10 rotations.
The controlling method of the MW class Variable Speed Wind Power Generator of multiple generator flexible combination, concrete steps following:
(1), the control step of power increase:
A, when wind speed is higher than the incision wind speed of said generator set; Low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 is connected to the grid 13; Through controlling its rotating speeds with low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 supporting current transformers 11, make blade 3 remain best tip speed ratio, let power coefficient keep best;
B, along with wind speed continue to increase; When low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 power reach the rated power of himself; Middling speed magneto alternator 9 is connected to the grid 13; 4 torques of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator reduce up to withdrawing from gradually is incorporated into the power networks, and 9 torques of middling speed magneto alternator increase up to the rated power operation that reaches self gradually, in this process; Through controlling its torque, make total torque respectively according to the curvilinear motion of setting with the supporting separately current transformer of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 and middling speed magneto alternator 9;
C, when the power of middling speed magneto alternator 9 reaches rated power; Low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 is connected to the grid once more; 4 torques of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator are constantly risen up to nominal torque, and 9 torques of middling speed magneto alternator progressively reduce up to nominal torque, and after this two generator speeds increase synchronously; In this process, its total torque changes according to setting curve all the time;
D, after two generator synchronous speed reach rated speed, regulate propeller pitch angles through pitch-controlled system 2, keep invariablenes turning speed constant, power constantly increases;
E, when the total output of two generators is higher than rated power, regulate propeller pitch angles through pitch-controlled system 2 and carry out power control, keep power constant;
(2), the control step of power reduction:
A, when wind speed reduces, regulate propeller pitch angles through pitch-controlled system 2, keep invariablenes turning speed constant, power constantly reduces;
B, when the total output of two generators is lower than rated power, the synchronization of two generators of control reduces, power constantly reduces;
The torque of c, low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 constantly reduces is incorporated into the power networks up to withdrawing from, and 9 torques of middling speed magneto alternator progressively increase up to middling speed magneto alternator 9 and reach rated power, and total torque changes along setting curve; At this moment, middling speed magneto alternator 9 isolated operations;
D, along with wind speed continues to reduce; When wind wheel power is reduced to the power of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4; Low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 is connected to the grid 13; The torque of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 increases gradually, and 9 torques of middling speed magneto alternator reduce up to withdrawing from gradually is incorporated into the power networks, and makes total torque according to the curvilinear motion of setting.
After e, middling speed magneto alternator 9 withdraw from electrical network, 4 isolated operations of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator, along with wind speed reduces, torque reduces thereupon, makes power coefficient keep best.
The curve of above-described setting is meant realizes the power coefficient the optimum state, guarantees the curve of best tip speed ratio.
Embodiment 1:
Be an object lesson of the present invention below, so that its principle of more detailed explanation.
If complete machine rated power is 5MW, the incision wind speed is 2.5m/s, rated speed 13rpm, and length of blade 61m, rotor diameter are 124m, the pylon height is 106m; Low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator, rated power are 2MW, and rated wind speed is 10m/s, directly are connected with wheel hub, and progression is 160; Middling speed magneto alternator, rated power are 3MW, and rated wind speed is 12m/s, and one-level step-up gear speed increasing ratio is 1: 25, and the generator synchronous speed is 325rpm, and progression is 18.
Its running schematic representation is as shown in Figure 3:
(1), the control step of power increase:
When wind speed is higher than incision wind speed 2.5m/s, low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 is connected to the grid, through controlling its rotating speeds, make blade remain best tip speed ratio with low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 supporting current transformers 11, it is best that power coefficient keeps;
Along with wind speed continues to increase; When low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 power reach rated power 2MW, middling speed magneto alternator 9 is connected to the grid, 4 torques of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator reduce up to withdrawing from gradually is incorporated into the power networks; 9 torques of middling speed magneto alternator increase up to rated power operation gradually; In this process, through controlling its torques, make total torque respectively according to the curvilinear motion of setting with two supporting separately current transformers of generator; To keep best tip speed ratio, realize that power coefficient remains the best.
When the power of middling speed magneto alternator 9 reaches rated power 3MW; Low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 is connected to the grid once more, and 4 torques of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator are constantly risen up to nominal torque, and 9 torques of middling speed magneto alternator progressively reduce up to nominal torque; After this two generator speeds increase synchronously; In this process, its total torque changes according to setting curve as shown in Figure 3 all the time, and is best to realize power coefficient.
After two generator synchronous speed reach rated speed, regulate propeller pitch angle through pitch-controlled system 2, keep invariablenes turning speed constant; Power constantly increases;
When the total output of two generators is higher than rated power, regulate propeller pitch angle through pitch-controlled system and carry out power control, keep power constant;
(2), the control step of power reduction: its under powered process is opposite with above-mentioned process, like Fig. 3:
When wind speed reduces, regulate propeller pitch angle through pitch-controlled system 2, keep invariablenes turning speed constant, power constantly reduces;
When the total output of two generators was lower than rated power, the synchronization of two generators of control reduced, and power constantly reduces;
The torque of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 constantly reduces is incorporated into the power networks up to withdrawing from, and 9 torques of middling speed magneto alternator progressively increase up to middling speed magneto alternator 9 and reach rated power, and total torque changes along setting curve; At this moment, middling speed magneto alternator 9 isolated operations;
Along with wind speed continues to reduce; When wind wheel power is reduced to the power of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4; Low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 is connected to the grid 13; The torque of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator 4 increases gradually, and 9 torques of middling speed magneto alternator reduce up to withdrawing from gradually is incorporated into the power networks, and makes total torque according to the curvilinear motion of setting.
After middling speed magneto alternator 9 withdraws from electrical network, 4 isolated operations of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator, along with wind speed reduces, torque reduces thereupon, makes power coefficient keep best.
The curve of above-described setting is meant and guarantees best tip speed ratio, to realize the curve of power coefficient the optimum state.
Fig. 4 is a power of the present invention, and the expression meaning of each symbol shown in the figure is: Vc: low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator incision wind speed; V1: middling speed magneto alternator incision wind speed; V2: low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator cut-out wind speed; V3: the low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator is cut wind speed once more; V4: the initial wind speed in the synchronous speedup of two generators district; Vp: wind energy conversion system rated wind speed.
Among Fig. 4; After the power curve stack of the power curve of the low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator of 2MW and the middling speed magneto alternator of 3MW promptly is overall power curve; Can find out, owing to adopted flexible switching, the power curve continuously smooth of 5MW; Be that the complete machine variable power is steady, can not impact main shaft and electrical network.
This invention is simple for structure, and rationally practical, system stability is reliable, and the wind-powered electricity generation conversion efficiency is high, relatively is beneficial on a large scale and applies.
Claims (3)
1. the MW class Variable Speed Wind Power Generator of a multiple generator flexible combination, it is characterized in that: said generator set mainly comprises pylon (10), base (5), low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4), middling speed magneto alternator (9), current transformer, yaw system (8), pitch-controlled system (2) and has the wheel hub (1) of blade (3); The said wheel hub (1) that has blade (3) is connected with low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4), and low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4) is connected with middling speed magneto alternator (9) through one-level raising speed gear-box (6); Low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4), one-level raising speed gear-box (6) and middling speed magneto alternator (9) are arranged on the base (5), and base (5) is arranged on the pylon (10); Said low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4) and middling speed magneto alternator (9) pass through separately independently respectively, and current transformer inserts electrical network;
The output terminal of said low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4) is connected with one-level raising speed gear-box (6) through the coupling (17) that can break off;
The entire machine design range of capacity of said generator set is for being not less than 5MW.
2. utilize the controlling method of the MW class Variable Speed Wind Power Generator of the described multiple generator flexible combination of claim 1, it is characterized in that: concrete steps are following:
(1), the control step of power increase:
A, when wind speed is higher than the incision wind speed of said generator set; With low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4) be connected to the grid (13); Through controlling its torque with the supporting current transformer (11) of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4); Make blade (3) remain best tip speed ratio, it is best that power coefficient keeps;
B, along with wind speed continue to increase, when low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4) power reaches the rated power of himself, middling speed magneto alternator (9) is connected to the grid (13) the low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator
(4) torque reduces gradually up to withdrawing from and is incorporated into the power networks; Middling speed magneto alternator (9) torque increases up to the rated power operation that reaches self gradually; In this process; Through controlling its torque, make total torque respectively according to the curvilinear motion of setting with low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4) and the supporting separately current transformer of middling speed magneto alternator (9);
C, when the power of middling speed magneto alternator (9) reaches rated power; Low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4) is connected to the grid once more; Low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4) torque is constantly risen up to nominal torque, and middling speed magneto alternator (9) torque progressively reduces up to nominal torque, and after this two generator speeds increase synchronously; In this process, its total torque changes according to setting curve all the time;
D, after two generator synchronous speed reach rated speed, regulate propeller pitch angle through pitch-controlled system (2), keep invariablenes turning speed constant, power constantly increases;
E, when the total output of two generators is higher than rated power, regulate propeller pitch angle through pitch-controlled system (2) and carry out power control, keep power constant;
(2), the control step of power reduction:
A, when wind speed reduces, regulate propeller pitch angle through pitch-controlled system (2), keep invariablenes turning speed constant, power constantly reduces;
B, when the total output of two generators is lower than rated power, the synchronization of two generators of control reduces, power constantly reduces;
The torque of c, low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4) constantly reduces is incorporated into the power networks up to withdrawing from, and middling speed magneto alternator (9) torque progressively increases up to middling speed magneto alternator (9) and reaches rated power, and total torque changes along setting curve; At this moment, middling speed magneto alternator (9) isolated operation;
D, along with wind speed continues to reduce; When wind wheel power is reduced to the power of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4); With low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4) be connected to the grid (13); The torque of low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4) increases gradually, and middling speed magneto alternator (9) torque reduces up to withdrawing from gradually is incorporated into the power networks, and makes total torque according to the curvilinear motion of setting;
After e, middling speed magneto alternator (9) withdraw from electrical network, low-speed permanent-magnet synchronous generator (4) isolated operation, along with wind speed reduces, torque reduces thereupon, makes power coefficient keep best.
3. the controlling method of the MW class Variable Speed Wind Power Generator of multiple generator flexible combination according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the curve of said setting is meant and guarantees best tip speed ratio, to realize the curve of power coefficient the optimum state.
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| DK2405132T3 (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2016-08-15 | Siemens Ag | Wind turbine, drive assembly, wind turbine cell system, methods of converting rotational energy and methods for building a nacelle and for re-equipping a wind turbine |
| US8258643B2 (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2012-09-04 | General Electric Company | Method and system for control of wind turbines |
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| CN104153943A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-11-19 | 镇江船舶电器有限责任公司 | Wind power system based on coaxial hybrid generators |
| CN106194583A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-07 | 三重型能源装备有限公司 | A kind of change oar electric supply installation and wind power generating set |
| CN109630359A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2019-04-16 | 天津职业技术师范大学 | High-power wind power generation system |
| CN110848086A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-28 | 榆林学院 | Permanent magnet constant frequency wind driven generator rotor |
| CN112796933A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-14 | 孟娜妮 | Fan blade rotating device for wind power generation |
| CN113007028B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-05-20 | 上海电气风电集团股份有限公司 | Wind generating set |
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