CN101722306B - Near-net-shape method for porous metal part - Google Patents
Near-net-shape method for porous metal part Download PDFInfo
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- CN101722306B CN101722306B CN200910273180XA CN200910273180A CN101722306B CN 101722306 B CN101722306 B CN 101722306B CN 200910273180X A CN200910273180X A CN 200910273180XA CN 200910273180 A CN200910273180 A CN 200910273180A CN 101722306 B CN101722306 B CN 101722306B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a near-net-shape method for a porous metal part. The method comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, designing a three-dimensional CAD model of the part, saving the model as an STL file, and transmitting the file to SLM quick shape equipment; (2) introducing protective gas into the equipment after the equipment is vacuumized; (3) spreading a layer of metal powder with thickness of between 0.05 and 0.15millimeter and grain diameter of between 10 and 100 mu m on a metal substrate by a powder feeding mechanism; (4) scanning the outer profile of the boundary of a slice by adopting a laser beam of which the laser power is more than or equal to 100W to ensure that the profile is melted; (5) repeating the step (3) to (4) until shaping is completed; and (6) integrally placing a shell of the shaped part and powder loaded in the shell in a high temperature sintering furnace for sinter shaping. The method does not need a die, and has the characteristics of simple and easy technical process and complicated shape manufacture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to RP technique and powder loose sintering combined shaping field, be specially a kind of method of near-net-shape porous metal parts.
Background technology
Porous material is a kind of material that is made up of metallic framework and hole.Compare with dense material, the typical feature of porous material is that a large amount of holes is contained in inside.Therefore, porous metals have following premium properties, and are little like density, that specific area is big, thermal conductivity is low, heat-sinking capability is high, permeability is strong, energy-absorbing is inhaled the ripple acoustical absorptivity is strong, good biocompatibility etc.In recent years, the porous material part has obtained using very widely, as is used as biomaterial device, damper, buffer, filter, energy absorber, fluid through device, heat exchanger, fire extinguisher, engine exhaust muffler, metal electrode or the like.
That pine is adorned is powder sintered, and (Loose Powder Sintering LPS) is a kind of manufacturing process of common porous part.Its detailed process is the metal dust pine to be loaded on carry out pressureless sintering in the mould, and powder particle bonds each other in sintering process, thereby forms porous sintered body.This manufacturing process can be produced Fe, Ni, Cu or other alloy porous bodies.Utilizing this technology can produce porosity is 40%～60% porous part.For further improving porosity, can add raising agent.
But when utilizing pine dress powder sintering to be shaped various porous materials and parts, there is following problem:
(1) powder loose sintering method is difficult to the part that direct forming goes out any complicated shape.Need certain complicated shape in the application of porous material, LPS then is restricted then can't direct forming.Need machined in the actual production, this method not only technology is loaded down with trivial details, and production efficiency is low, but also has caused the waste of material.
(2) the powder loose sintering need be used die forming, need part be removed from mould after powder sintered, so Mould design and sintering link is most important, have deviation will influence the dimensional accuracy of part slightly.(list of references: [1] Ceng Zhoushan .316L stainless steel powder STUDY OF VACUUM LOOSE SINTERING. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy .1997,4 (2), 251-254; [2] Zuo Guangwei. confirming of Bulk Sintering Temperature of Bronze Powder. powder metallurgy industry .1996,2 (6), 36-37; [3] Ceng Jianbo, Wu Chengping, Qiu Peimin. LOOSE POWDER SINTERING OF POROUS TITANIUM PLATE. the national titanium or titanium alloy seminar .1990 of the 7th of The Nonferrous Metals Society of China December 10)
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of near-net-shape method of porous metal part, this method need not mould, has the advantages that technical process is simple, can make complicated shape.
The near-net-shape method of porous metal part provided by the invention is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
(1) adopt 3D sculpting software to design the three-dimensional CAD model of part; Save as stl file after by the section software processes being then; The data message of stl file is transported to selective laser fusing (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) quickly shaping device;
(2) forming cavity with the SLM quickly shaping device is evacuated, and feeds protective gas then;
(3) the powder feeding mechanism layer thickness that on metal substrate, tiles is that 0.05～0.15mm, particle diameter are the metal dust of 10-100 μ m;
(4) adopt laser power to scan, make the outline fusing more than or equal to the laser beam of 100W outline to slice boundaries;
(5) repeating step (3)-(4) finish until the shaping of whole part shell;
(6) with the shell of formation of parts be loaded in the powder in the shell, integral body places high temperature sintering furnace to carry out thermal sintering.
The present invention combines selective laser fusing (SLM) RP technique with pine dress powder scanning (LPS), this complex method has the following advantages:
(1) shell of use SLM single-channel scanning finished parts, the part of the complicated shape structure that can be shaped.
(2) form porous material through LPS sintering internal loose powder, wayward when having avoided using SLM all to scan inner powder to the hole that forms.
(3) adopt SLM shaping shell, removed the dimensional discrepancy that design and mfg. moulding die bring from.
(4) carry out follow-up loose sintering owing to any dusty material can in the jacket that SLM is shaped, be filled, thereby the related moulding material of this combined shaping method is extensive.
(5) technical process is simple, has avoided traditional machined, saves material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 melts the sketch map of (SLM) form metal part shell for selective laser of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and instance detailed process of the present invention is done further detailed elaboration:
(1) in each layer manufacture process, only the metal dust on profile border is evolved and melt, and do not scan inner bulky powder;
(2) repeat said process, after multilayer processing finished, can be shaped to have the metal parts shell of definite shape, certain intensity, and its inner powder has dual mode owing to present loose shape without laser scanning for the internal loose powder-processed:
(a) of the same race powder sintered: the powder of internal loose need not be poured out, direct dusty material as follow-up loose sintering;
(b) xenogenesis is powder sintered: an aperture is reserved in the top of metal parts shell, and the interior metal powder is poured out, and changes to xenogenesis dusty material to be sintered then.
(3) above-mentioned metal shell is inserted in the high temperature sintering furnace together with inner pine dress powder, keep a period of time at a certain temperature, inner pine dress powder then becomes porous material behind sintering, and under fixed housing, keeps specific complicated shape.
The shell of metal parts can adopt following steps to be shaped:
(1) adopts 3D sculpting software to design the cad model of part, generate the multilayer slice information and save as stl file by slicing treatment software then, the data of stl file are sent to the SLM quickly shaping device.
(2) the powder feeding mechanism one deck that on workbench, tiles is about the powder to be processed (particle diameter is about 10～100 μ m) of 0.1～0.2mm thickness.
(3) adopt laser power more than or equal to YAG laser instrument or the optical fiber laser scan slice profile border of 100W and make the powder smelting of boundary, wherein sweep speed is 20～200mm/s.
(4) repeat above-mentioned steps (2)-(3), up to the shell process finishing of whole part.
Essence of the present invention is that selective laser fusing (SLM) technology is combined with powder loose sintering (LPS) technology.Utilizing the SLM technology can be shaped the advantage of complicated shape for the PLS metal shell that is shaped, promptly is the mould of loose sintering, thereby guarantees that the LPS metal parts that is shaped has the shape of SLM shaping shell.Therefore, use SLM to combine with LPS, can be shaped to have any complicated shape, inside has the part of loose structure.
Instance 1
(1) utilizes 3D sculpting software (like UG, Pro/E etc.) to design the CAD 3D model of porous part, save as stl file by section after the software processes then, the data message of stl file is input to the SLM quickly shaping device.
(2) be about the 316L powder of stainless steel of 0.1～0.2mm thickness by the powder feeding mechanism one deck that on metal substrate, tiles, the particle diameter of powder of stainless steel is about 10～100 μ m, contains the 10wt% methylcellulose in the powder as raising agent.
During as raising agent, its addition generally can be 5-40wt% with methylcellulose.
(3) adopting laser power is YAG laser instrument or the optical fiber laser scan slice profile border of 100W and the powder smelting that makes boundary, and wherein sweep speed is 150mm/s.
(4) repeat above-mentioned steps (2)-(3), up to the shell process finishing of whole part, this moment, metal shell was the needed mould of follow-up loose sintering, and inner 316L powder of stainless steel is the used powder of follow-up loose sintering.
(5) metal shell is comprised inner 316L powder of stainless steel and be sent to vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumize, the setting process route is: be warmed up to 1300 ℃ through 1 hour under the room temperature, be incubated 20 minutes, cool to room temperature is come out of the stove then.
(6) last, the 316L stainless steel parts that being shaped carries out following process, makes the size and dimension of part satisfy the part requirement.
As shown in Figure 1, in the said process, a laser beam scan slice outline makes its fusing, and inside is pine dress powder.Metal shell and inner powder integral body are carried out sintering, then can form porous part with definite shape.
Instance 2
(1) utilizes 3D sculpting software (like UG, Pro/E etc.) to design the CAD 3D model of porous part, save as stl file by section after the software processes then, the data message of stl file is input to the SLM quickly shaping device.
(2) be about the iron powder of 0.1～0.2mm thickness by the powder feeding mechanism one deck that on metal substrate, tiles, powder diameter is about 10～100 μ m, wherein contains boric acid as raising agent, and addition is 2wt%.
During as raising agent, its addition generally can be 1-4wt% with boric acid.
(3) adopting laser power is YAG laser instrument or the optical fiber laser scan slice profile border of 100W and the powder smelting that makes boundary, and wherein sweep speed is 100mm/s.
(4) repeating step (2)-(3), until the iron shell process finishing with definite shape, the iron shell upper is stayed an aperture, and the bulky powder of inside is poured out, and this moment, the iron shell was the needed mould of follow-up loose sintering.
(5) the iron enclosure is injected the Ti6Al4V metal dust, this powder is the used powder of follow-up loose sintering.
(6) the iron shell is comprised inner Ti6Al4V powder and be input to vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumize, the setting process route is: be warmed up to 920 ℃ through 50 minutes under the room temperature, be incubated 30 minutes, cool to room temperature is come out of the stove then.
(7) the iron shell of resultant porous part is removed the Ti6Al4V porous metal parts that can obtain having certain complicated shape and size through machine glazed finish.
Instance 3
(1) utilizes 3D sculpting software (like UG, Pro/E etc.) to design the CAD 3D model of porous part, save as stl file by section after the software processes then, the data message of stl file is input to the SLM quickly shaping device.
(2) be about the iron powder of 0.1～0.2mm thickness by the powder feeding mechanism one deck that on metal substrate, tiles.
(3) adopting laser power is YAG laser instrument or the optical fiber laser scan slice profile border of 100W and the powder smelting that makes boundary, and wherein sweep speed is 140mm/s.
(4) repeating step (2)-(3), until the iron shell process finishing with definite shape, the iron shell upper is stayed an aperture, and the bulky powder of inside is poured out, and this moment, the iron shell was the needed mould of follow-up loose sintering.
(5) the iron enclosure is injected the Ti powder, this powder is the used powder of follow-up loose sintering.
(6) the iron shell is comprised inner Ti powder and be input to vacuum sintering furnace, vacuumize, the setting process route is: be warmed up to 1200 ℃ through 50 minutes under the room temperature, be incubated 1 hour, cool to room temperature is come out of the stove then.
(7) the iron shell of resultant porous part is removed the Ti porous metal parts that can obtain having certain complicated shape and size through machine glazed finish.
The above is a preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention should not be confined to the disclosed content of this instance and accompanying drawing.So everyly do not break away from the equivalence of accomplishing under the disclosed spirit of the present invention or revise, all fall into the scope of the present invention's protection.
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| CN200910273180XA CN101722306B (en) | 2009-12-10 | 2009-12-10 | Near-net-shape method for porous metal part |
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102166651A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-08-31 | 黑龙江科技学院 | Method for manufacturing porous metal parts by laser scanning |
| CN102773479A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-11-14 | 黑龙江科技学院 | Near-net-shape forming method of refractory metal part |
| CN104715091B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2018-05-22 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of method for quickly forming and manufacturing of aluminium alloy periodic lattice porous structure |
| CN104043831B (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-06-01 | 首都航天机械公司 | The preparation method of a kind of titanium alloy thin wall honeycomb structure |
| CN104148776B (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2018-08-24 | 新疆大学 | The method of built-up welding forming metal parts based on metal powder support |
| CN106623924B (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-12-11 | 中北大学 | A method of the powder metallurgy forming functionally graded material melted based on precinct laser |
| CN106623923A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-10 | 中北大学 | Enhanced foamed aluminum composite board selective laser smelting forming method |
| CN106975749B (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2019-05-10 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of powder bed self-adaptive powder spreading method based on increased material manufacturing |
| CN110385436B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2020-11-17 | 厦门大学 | Metal liquid absorption core with multi-aperture structure characteristic and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112404456A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-02-26 | 武汉阿尔法激光有限公司 | Metal powder forming method |
| CN113909498B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-09-01 | 南方科技大学 | Porous material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115338425A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-15 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | Complex shape part composite manufacturing method |
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