CN101693641A - Compound bio-fertilizer containing ardealite and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a biological compound fertilizer containing phosphogypsum and its application. The compound fertilizer is obtained through the following steps: adjusting the pH of the phosphogypsum to 4-5 with lime water, drying, and crushing to 200-400 mesh; drying the manure of livestock and poultry , the crop straw is cut into sections and dried in the sun; the phosphogypsum is mixed with livestock and poultry manure and crop straw for fermentation; after the medium is sterilized, the culture temperature is controlled at 28-32°C, and various beneficial microorganisms are successively inoculated and cultured separately. After the cultivation is completed, mix the mixed bacteria with the prepared fermentation mixture in a weight ratio of 1:300-1000, add water to adjust the water content to 35-45%, mix well, and stack at room temperature for 3-5 days for co-fermentation, and let it dry in the air Dried until the water content reaches 20-30%, and the product is obtained after crushing. This product is mainly used in field crops and improving the structure of saline-alkali soil, acid soil and tidal flat soil.

Description

Biological Compound Fertilizer Containing Phosphorus Gypsum and Its Application

Technical field:

The invention relates to a kind of resource utilization of phosphorus chemical industry waste to produce biological compound fertilizer and its application, in particular to a biological compound fertilizer containing phosphorus gypsum and its application.

Background technique:

The process of wet production of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizer produces a large amount of solid waste - phosphogypsum. The world produces about 100-280 million tons of scale gypsum every year. It is usually piled on the ground without any treatment, occupying and wasting a lot of land resources, and causing serious problems. environmental pollution. There are more than 400 phosphate fertilizer enterprises in my country, which produce 30-50 million tons of phosphogypsum waste residue every year. These waste residues are often untreated and piled on the ground, which not only occupies a large amount of land, but also contains a variety of heavy metal elements and has a low pH value, causing pollution. soil and surrounding environment. At present, the disposal of phosphogypsum is a serious problem worldwide. Less than 15% of phosphogypsum is used to make building materials, bricks, decorative panels, cement and other building materials, but these building materials are used in limited quantities and require secondary The investment is large, mainly because phosphogypsum contains natural radioactive elements Ra and U, etc., which will cause serious radioactive hazards to the human body living and living in such building facilities when used as building materials. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency classifies phosphogypsum as "process-enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM)" and has banned the use of phosphogypsum to produce building materials since 1990. The European Union has no longer approved the use of phosphogypsum to produce building materials since 1992. Making phosphogypsum into a soil improver for agriculture has broad market and application prospects.

my country's agriculture is a typical resource-constrained industry. In recent years, population growth, accelerated urbanization, occupation of non-agricultural development, and desertification, rocky desertification, and salinization of cultivated land have not only reduced my country's agricultural production efficiency, but also reduced cultivated land year by year. Moreover, it causes the aggravation and deterioration of resources and ecological environment. On the one hand, the red line of 1.8 billion mu of arable land is on the verge of being broken; on the other hand, 1.48 billion mu of saline-alkali land resources in my country have not been effectively utilized. my country's saline-alkali land area accounts for about 76% of the country's cultivated land area. In my country's inland saline-alkali land areas, restricted by natural conditions such as soil salinity, saline water quality, and drought, natural resources are relatively scarce and the ecosystem is very fragile. Some areas such as the Huanghuaihai Plain and the Sanjiang Plain in the east. At the same time, there are abundant tidal flat resources along the eastern coast of my country because they contain high salinity and cannot be developed into fertile land for planting crops.

The development of saline-alkali land and coastal tidal flat resources is a strategic requirement to ensure national food security and ecological security. As of October 31, 2006, my country's arable land area was only 1.827 billion mu, and the situation of keeping the bottom line of 1.8 billion mu of arable land was very severe. While protecting the existing cultivated land, developing potential land resources has become a major strategic demand for my country's agricultural development. Through the development and utilization of deserted saline-alkali land, the saline-alkali land management strategy can be transformed from simple engineering management to regional ecological comprehensive management, making full use of land resources, developing rural economy, and realizing the unity of ecological, economic and social benefits, which is very important for ensuring national food security and national ecological environment security. has important strategic significance.

my country's phosphate fertilizer industry and phosphoric acid industry produce 30-50 million tons of phosphogypsum by-products every year, most of which are discarded, which not only takes up a lot of land for stacking, but also pollutes the environment and wastes resources. This technology uses ecological principles, treats phosphogypsum as a renewable resource instead of waste, and develops circular economy and ecological economy. Circular economy is an economy that respects and applies ecological laws, and it is based on the closed process of "resource utilization-green products-resource regeneration". The new development model represented by circular economy has been generally accepted by the international community. Circular economy has shifted from ideological level to practice in our country.

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by phosphorus chemical waste phosphogypsum, crop stalks and livestock and poultry manure, to recycle and recycle environmental pollutants, and to provide a biological compound fertilizer containing phosphorus gypsum. Production, the recycling of industrial waste phosphogypsum, livestock and poultry manure, and agricultural waste straw to provide fertilizers for agricultural production can improve and increase soil productivity, promote crop growth, and improve crop quality.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the biological compound fertilizer containing phosphorus gypsum on field crops and improving the structure of saline-alkali soil, acid soil and seashore soil, which improves the microbial diversity and improvement of farmland, especially saline-alkali soil and seashore soil. biological activity of the soil.

The object of the present invention is achieved by the following measures:

1. Use lime water to adjust the pH of phosphogypsum from the chemical plant to 4-5 and dry it, then crush it to 200-400 mesh for later use; dry the manure of livestock and poultry or cut crop straw into sections and dry it for later use;

2. Mix the above prepared phosphogypsum powder with pretreated livestock and poultry manure; or with pretreated crop straw; or with pretreated livestock and poultry manure and crop straw to prepare a mixture; the weight ratio of mixing For: phosphogypsum: livestock and poultry manure = 30-50: 70-50; phosphogypsum: crop straw = 20-50: 80-50; phosphogypsum: livestock and poultry manure: crop straw = 30-50: 10-20: 60 -30;

3. Thoroughly mix the above-mentioned phosphogypsum, livestock and poultry manure, and crop straw mixture, and add water accounting for 35-65% of the weight of the mixture;

4. Stack the prepared mixture for fermentation, ferment for 14-20 days in summer, and ferment for 25-35 days in spring or autumn to obtain a fermented mixture;

5. Make the medium, sterilize the medium after the preparation, control the culture temperature at 28-32°C, and inoculate a variety of beneficial microorganisms successively:

First inoculate 2.5-8% of the weight of the culture medium with Bacillus ceresus, 2-7% of the weight of the culture medium with Nitromonosus spp. and 1.5-6.5% of the weight of the culture medium with Clostridium difficile (Bacillus claustradium), cultivated for 3-4 days; re-inoculated with Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) accounting for 2-8% of the weight of the medium and Bacillus mucinogenosus (Bacillus mucinogenosus) accounting for 2.2-6.8% of the weight of the medium, and cultured for 2 days Reinoculate the Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluorocens) and account for 2.5-7.5% of the weight of the culture medium to inoculate for 2-3 days; 1.5-6% of medium weight Klebsiella (Klebesia), 2-8% of medium weight of Rhodospirillum spp., 3-6% of medium weight of Azotobacter vinelandii) and 1.5-7% cyanobacteria (Cyanobacterium spp.) that accounted for the weight of the culture medium, continued to cultivate for 3-5 days; finally inoculated Trichoderma harzenum (Trichoderma harzenum) that accounted for 2-9% of the weight of the culture medium and accounted for the culture medium Glomusversiforme (Glomusversiforme) of 2-8.5% basis weight, and then continue to cultivate for 2 days;

6. After the cultivation is completed, mix the mixed bacteria with the fermentation mixture prepared in the above step (5) at a weight ratio of 1:300-1000, add water to adjust the water content to 35-45%, mix thoroughly, and stack at room temperature Carry out secondary co-fermentation in 3-5 days; then air-dry until the water content reaches 20-30%, and pulverize to obtain a powder mixture to obtain the product.

Among them, the configuration method of the medium is: 18-28% wheat bran, 15-19% rice bran, 3-8% rapeseed cake powder, 3-5% peanut cake powder, 12-16% corn flour, 0.5% -0.8% magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.6% ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.5% calcium chloride, 0.05-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mixed to 100% with tap water, and the pH is controlled to be 5-7. The sterilization method of the medium is as follows: put the medium in a sterilizing pot for high-temperature sterilization for 50-65 minutes, keep the temperature in the sterilizing pot at 120-124°C, and the pressure at 0.08-0.12Mpa; take out the sterilized Culture medium, place it in a sterile inoculation room to cool down, and place it for 2-3 days; after cooling, use the previous method to sterilize again.

When the phosphogypsum mixture is stacked and fermented, the height of the stack is 1-1.5 meters, the bottom length is 20-30 meters, and the width is 15-20 meters. The surrounding area is covered with plastic film to keep warm to promote fermentation. Ferment for 14-20 days in summer, and ferment in spring or autumn 25-35 days. After one week of fermentation, or when the temperature of the fermentation substrate at 15-20cm in the pile reaches 50°C every day, turn the pile immediately, mix well, pile up again, and ferment in a sealed manner. During the whole fermentation process, turn the pile 5-7 times in summer, and turn over in spring and autumn Stack 3-5 times; when the pile temperature of the fermentation substrate is stable at 30-40 degrees, no longer rises sharply, and the smell of the fermentation substrate changes significantly, it is no longer the smell of raw livestock and poultry manure or crop straw smell before fermentation, Instead, there is a smell of cooked fodder, and the fermentation is complete when the heap volume is visibly reduced.

Beneficial microorganisms Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Clostridium used in the present invention are phosphate solubilizing bacteria; ; Klebsiella and Azotobacter rotundum are self-fixing nitrogen bacteria, which can use and fix molecular nitrogen in the air to synthesize organic nitrogen; Glomus terrestrialis is a mycorrhizal fungus, which can have many crops symbiotically in the roots, mutual benefit, Promote and increase the absorption and utilization of insoluble phosphorus by crop roots, and at the same time inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the soil and improve the resistance of crops to pathogenic bacteria; Trichoderma harcii is a biocontrol bacterium that can strongly inhibit the growth of many pathogenic microorganisms in the soil Growth and reproduction; photosynthetic bacteria include rhodospirilla and cyanobacteria, which have the function of photoheterotrophy. They can synthesize organic matter from simple inorganic matter in the soil and the environment with the help of light energy. At the same time, they can also fix molecular nitrogen in the air and synthesize organic nitrogen.

The product of the present invention contains rich crop-resistant continuous cropping and disease-resistant microorganisms, which can be fixed around the crop root system and reproduce in large quantities, inhibit the harmful flora in the soil, enhance the vitality and rooting ability of the crop root system, promote the development of the crop root system, and accelerate the formation of root nodules The formation of crop root nodules and the growth and development of root systems have the effect of preventing and controlling physiological diseases such as slow root growth, less nodules, short plants, withered yellow, fallen leaves, mosaic leaves and fallen flowers caused by long-term continuous cropping and heavy cropping and other diseases.

The product of the present invention is a high-efficiency broad-spectrum multifunctional microbial preparation, which contains a variety of beneficial microorganisms and is suitable for various crops, especially for bacterial wilt, rust, and blight caused by continuous cropping of peanuts and soybeans. , root rot, brown spot, etc.; sunflower sclerotinia, rust, verticillium wilt, brown spot, gray mold, deficiency disease, etc.; grass crops such as rice continuous cropping caused less hairy roots, slow growth, and plant Short, withered, stiff seedlings, weak seedlings, slow greening, leaf spot, rice blast, leaf blight, etc.; corn fusarium wilt, rust, nematode disease, smut, smut, etc. caused by long-term continuous cropping; Fusarium wilt, blight, damping-off, leaf spot, downy mildew, virus disease, etc. caused by serious continuous cropping obstacles of various vegetables; Sclerotinia, black spot, etc.; various soil-borne fungal diseases caused by continuous cropping obstacles such as cotton, Chinese herbal medicines, tobacco, flowers, etc. have a strong preventive and inhibitory effect. After applying the soil, it can enhance the vitality of crop cells, promote the photosynthesis of crop leaves, make the plants strong, take root deeply, resist cold, drought, lodging, premature aging, continuous cropping, increase flowers and fruits, increase yield and improve quality.

The product of the present invention is suitable for field crops such as wheat, corn, soybean, rice and cotton, and economic crops such as peanut, potato, sweet potato, rape, garlic, ginger, sugar beet, fruit trees and vegetables. It has the advantages of lodging resistance, cold resistance, disease and insect pest resistance, quick effect and high utilization rate. It is mainly used as base fertilizer, topdressing, and flushing fertilization. It can be applied by spreading, hole application, furrow application, and fruit tree application according to the crown of the tree. Keep the soil moist after use, and adjust the dosage according to the soil fertility and soil structure in different regions, as well as the fertilizer-loving characteristics of different plants.

The product of the invention can activate insoluble nutrients in soil, prevent soil compaction and stimulate soil vitality. At the same time, it has the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, potassium dissolution, fertilization, and disease resistance. In addition to directly providing soil and plant nutrients, it can also increase the fertilizer utilization rate by more than 40%. At the same time, because the product of the invention contains a large amount of organic matter such as livestock and poultry manure and crop stalks, long-term use can improve the aggregate structure of the soil, improve the ability of the soil to retain water and fertilizer, and is beneficial to the sustainable development of the soil.

The product of the present invention contains a variety of active functional microbial strains, and is rich in various trace elements and organic matter such as calcium, sulfur, zinc, selenium, iron, silicon, etc. The crops absorb quickly and the fertilizer effect is long-lasting. The crop yield can be increased by about 10%-15%. If it is used on saline-alkali soil and other low-fertility soil, the crop yield can be increased by more than 20-150%. After the newly opened soil on the coastal beach is used, the crop yield can be increased by more than 60-300%. A versatile green fertilizer. It is suitable for almost all kinds of crops, such as food crops, economic crops, fruits and vegetables, flowers, trees, tobacco, Chinese medicinal materials, etc.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1) The present invention adopts sequential inoculation of different bacterial strains, avoids mutual competitive inhibition caused by simultaneous inoculation, and maximizes the unit number and vitality of each single bacterium: Azotobacter rotundum and Klebsiella with nitrogen fixation 1. Photosynthetic bacteria are sensitive to compound nitrogen in the growth environment. In the presence of compound nitrogen such as ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and amino nitrogen, the growth of these nitrogen-fixing microorganisms is inhibited, and the peanut powder and rapeseed meal in the medium contain A certain amount of protein, these proteins will affect the growth and development of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. At the same time, Rhodospirillum and cyanobacteria are facultative anaerobic bacteria, which grow better under lower oxygen content conditions. Therefore, aerobic microorganisms are inoculated and grown first. Consume the oxygen in the medium to create an anaerobic environment for the growth of photosynthetic bacteria. Other microorganisms in the present invention need certain nitrogen compounds in the growth process such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus jelly, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium, nitrifying bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus megaterium, otherwise Poor growth, so these microorganisms that need nitrogen-containing compounds are first inoculated and cultivated to consume the nitrogen-containing compounds in the culture medium, and then inoculated with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, which will neither affect the growth of non-nitrogen-fixing microorganisms nor affect the growth of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms , coordinate and develop harmoniously with each other. At the same time, these bacteria are aerobic microorganisms that need oxygen during the growth process, so they are first inoculated and cultured to make full use of the oxygen contained in the early stage of the medium. Finally, inoculate Glomus terrestrialis and Trichoderma harcii, which are two extremely stress-resistant fungi with fast growth, strong reproductive ability, and strong nutrition and space competition functions. If the inoculation is too early, it will grow and reproduce in the medium If it is too fast, it will greatly affect the growth of other microorganisms, so put it at the end to inoculate and grow.

2) various bacteriums adopted in the present invention can improve soil fertility: nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Klebsiella, azotobacter rotundum, can increase the source of nitrogen in the soil; Phosphorus, Bacillus jellybacillus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other phosphorus- and potassium-dissolving bacteria can dissolve insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil and increase the source of phosphorus and potassium in the soil; Rhodospirillum Photosynthetic bacteria such as cyanobacteria and cyanobacteria secrete plant growth stimulating substances to promote plant growth, and at the same time secrete some antibacterial substances to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms in the soil; Mineral elements have a strong effect, as well as enhance the water absorption and water retention of crops to improve crop drought resistance; Trichoderma harcii can inhibit the growth and reproduction of many pathogenic microorganisms in the soil, improve and maintain the micro-ecological environment of farmland soil.

3) The soluble phosphorus contained in the phosphogypsum used in the present invention is an essential nutrient element for plant growth, the contained calcium and sulfur are also essential elements for plant growth, and the contained trace silicon, magnesium, copper, zinc, and selenium are essential elements for plant growth. Necessary trace elements, especially phosphogypsum is rich in calcium, which can improve saline-alkali land, increase soil water permeability, and is also an improver for core soil layers such as southern acidic red soil and yellow soil. Phosphogypsum is acidic and can directly neutralize the alkalinity of saline-alkali land. At the same time, a large amount of calcium ions in phosphogypsum will exchange the aluminum and iron ions on the colloidal particles of acidic red soil, thereby reducing the replacement of acid due to aluminum and iron. Excessive aluminum is harmful to crops, and phosphogypsum contains calcium, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus and other plant nutrients, which can increase nutrients in the soil and promote crop growth. Most importantly, phosphogypsum contains a lot of calcium, which can Exchange a large amount of sodium ions on saline-alkali soil and tidal soil colloids that cause soil properties to deteriorate, forming a stable soil aggregate colloidal structure, which is beneficial to soil fertility, water retention, ventilation, heat preservation, etc., and improves soil productivity. yield and quality.

4) The livestock and poultry manure and crop stalks used in the present invention are natural good organic fertilizers, which can improve soil fertility and organic matter, improve soil aggregate structure, increase soil fertility and water retention and air permeability, maintain soil fertility, and help agriculture. Sustainable development, after being decomposed and transformed by soil microorganisms, it can release and provide a considerable amount of effective nutrients that plants can directly absorb and use, meet the needs of crop growth, and improve and improve the quality of crops.

5) The present invention recycles waste residue phosphogypsum from phosphating plants, agricultural waste, livestock and poultry manure, and crop stalks to reduce environmental pollution. At the same time, the microbial process technology is used to realize industrialization and large-scale production. The production conditions and production process are easy to be manually regulated, the quality is easy to control, and the products can be produced continuously and in batches. The materials used are easy to obtain: phosphogypsum can be obtained from all phosphate fertilizer plants and phosphoric acid plants, while livestock manure and crop straw can be seen in large quantities in rural areas and can be obtained everywhere. The beneficial microorganisms used include phosphate-dissolving bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas Bacillus monosporum, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium), potassium-dissolving bacteria (Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus jelly, Pseudomonas), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Klebsiella, Azotobacter torus), Nitrifying bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodospirillum, cyanobacteria), mycorrhizal fungi (Globus spirochetes), and biocontrol bacteria (Trichoderma harcii) can be obtained from the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Culture Collection Center of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong University, Wuhan University, Fudan University, Huazhong Agricultural University, Nanjing University of Information Engineering and other universities and research institutes can also purchase from relevant agricultural universities.

Detailed ways:

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with example:

Example one:

1. Phosphogypsum and organic fertilizer treatment:

1) Adjust the pH of the waste phosphogypsum from the chemical plant to 4-5 with lime water and dry it, then crush it to 200-400 mesh for later use; dry the manure of livestock and poultry or cut the crop straw into sections and dry it for later use;

2) Mix the above prepared phosphogypsum powder with pretreated livestock and poultry manure; or with pretreated crop straw; or with pretreated livestock and poultry manure and crop straw to prepare a mixture; the weight ratio of mixing For: phosphogypsum: livestock and poultry manure = 30-50: 70-50; phosphogypsum: crop straw = 20-50: 80-50; phosphogypsum: livestock and poultry manure: crop straw = 30-50: 10-20: 60 -30;

3) Mix the above mixture thoroughly, add water accounting for 35-65% of the mixture weight; stack the prepared mixture for fermentation, the height of the pile is 1-1.5 meters, the bottom length is 20-30 meters, and the width is 15-20 meters , covered with plastic film around to keep warm to promote fermentation, 14-20 days of fermentation in summer, 25-35 days of fermentation in spring or autumn. After one week of fermentation, or when the temperature of the fermentation substrate at 15-20cm in the pile reaches 50°C every day, turn the pile immediately, mix well, pile up again, and seal the fermentation. During the whole fermentation process, turn the pile about 5-7 times in summer, spring and autumn Turn the pile 3-5 times; when the temperature of the piled fermentation substrate is stable at 30-40 degrees, and no longer rises sharply, the smell of the fermentation substrate changes significantly, and it is no longer the smell of raw livestock and poultry manure or crop straw smell before fermentation , but there is a smell of cooked feed, and when the volume of the heap is obviously reduced, the fermentation mixture after the fermentation is ready for co-fermentation with a variety of microbial mixed bacteria.

2. Cultivation of beneficial microorganisms:

1. Thoroughly disinfect the culture environment, including culture pools, curved discs, plastic bags, culture rooms and the air in the culture room.

2. The medium percentage by weight is: 18-28% wheat bran, 15-19% rice bran, 3-8% rapeseed cake powder, 3-5% peanut cake powder, 12-16% corn flour, 0.5-0.8% magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.6% ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.5% calcium chloride, 0.05-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, add tap water to 100%, control the pH to 5-7, and make it into a solid Culture medium, put the solid medium in the culture pool, curved plate or plastic bag.

3. Put the above-mentioned raw materials in bags into an autoclave for high-temperature sterilization for 50-60 minutes, and keep the temperature in the autoclave at 120-124°C and the pressure at 0.08-0.12MPa.

4. Take out the sterilized bagged culture medium, place it in a sterile inoculation room to cool down, and place it for 2-3 days.

5. Sterilize the sterilized bagged medium that has been placed for 2-3 days at high temperature again, the method is the same as 3, kill the spores that survived the previous sterilization process, and cool down.

6. After the culture medium is sterilized, control the culture temperature at 28-32°C, first inoculate Bacillus cereus accounting for 2.5-8% of the weight of the medium, nitrifying bacteria accounting for 2-7% of the weight of the medium, and 1.5% of the weight of the medium. -6.5% Clostridium difficile, cultured simultaneously for 3-4 days;

Re-inoculate with Bacillus megaterium accounting for 2-8% of the weight of the medium, and Bacillus jelly for 2.2-6.8% of the weight of the medium, and continue to cultivate for 2 days;

Re-inoculate Pseudomonas fluorescens accounting for 2.5-7.5% of the weight of the medium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounting for 2.5-7.5% of the weight of the medium, and continue to cultivate for 2-3 days;

Re-inoculate 1.5-6% Klebsiella by weight of the culture medium, Rhodospirillum 2-8% by weight of the culture medium, Azotobacter rotundum 3-6% by weight of the culture medium and 1.5-6% by weight of the culture medium. 7% cyanobacteria, continue to culture for 3-5 days;

Finally, inoculate Trichoderma harcii with 2-9% of the weight of the culture medium and Glomus terrescens with 2-8.5% of the weight of the culture medium at the same time, continue to cultivate for about 2 days, and place them on the culture pool or culture rack in the culture room for cultivation. For culture, such as plastic bag culture, the plastic bag is evenly punched after inoculation.

7. Do not stir the medium during the cultivation of Klebsiella and Clostridium, because they are anaerobic microorganisms and are sensitive to oxygen, but when cultivating other microorganisms, they should be stirred 1-2 times a day. plate, so that the medium is evenly ventilated, and the culture medium can be fully utilized for the uniform growth of Klebsiella lychebsiella and Clostridium. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria are anaerobic or facultative anaerobic microorganisms, and there is no need to turn the pile for ventilation during the stacking culture process.

3. Compound fertilizer preparation:

After the inoculation and cultivation of various microorganisms, the mixed bacteria (culture medium and live bacteria) are collected, and the above-mentioned treated phosphogypsum, livestock and poultry manure and crop straw fermentation mixture, which is 300-1000 times the total weight of the mixed bacteria, are added, and water is added to adjust the water content to 35-45%, composting at room temperature for 3-5 days for co-fermentation; when stacking, make a small square pile with a height of about 1-1.5 meters, a bottom width of about 10-15 meters, and a length of about 15-20 meters. Carry out secondary co-fermentation at room temperature for 3-5 days, collect the product and mix it evenly, dry it, keep the final water content of about 20-30%, and obtain a powder mixture after crushing, which is the final product. The role of composting is to promote the further reproduction and expansion of beneficial microorganisms, and at the same time promote the transformation of relevant nutrients in phosphogypsum, livestock and poultry manure and crop straw, and allow beneficial microorganisms to gradually adapt to the phosphogypsum environment.

Embodiment two:

1. Phosphogypsum and organic fertilizer treatment:

1) Adjust the pH of the waste phosphogypsum from the chemical plant to 5 with lime water, then dry it, and then crush it to 400 mesh for later use; dry the manure of livestock and poultry, and cut the crop stalks into sections to dry in the sun for later use;

2) Mix the prepared phosphogypsum powder with the pretreated livestock and poultry manure and crop straw according to the weight ratio to prepare a mixture; the mixing weight ratio is: phosphogypsum: livestock and poultry manure: crop straw=40:15:45 ; Among them: 2.4 tons of phosphogypsum, 0.9 tons of livestock and poultry manure, and 2.7 tons of crop straw.

3) Thoroughly mix the above three, add 2.6 tons of water; stack the prepared mixture for fermentation, and ferment for 14-20 days in summer. During fermentation, the height of the pile is 1.5 meters, the length of the bottom is 30 meters, and the width is 20 meters. The surroundings are covered with plastic film to keep warm to promote fermentation. After one week of fermentation, or when the temperature of the fermentation substrate at 15-20cm in the pile reaches 50°C every day, turn over immediately. Pile, mix well, pile up again, seal fermentation, and turn the pile about 5-7 times in summer during the whole fermentation process; when the pile temperature of the fermentation substrate is stable at 30-40 degrees, it does not rise sharply, and the smell of the fermentation substrate changes significantly , no longer the smell of raw livestock and poultry manure or crop stalks before fermentation, but a smell of cooked feed, and when the volume of the pile is significantly reduced, it means that the fermentation is complete. 8.5 tons of fermentation mixtures are obtained for subsequent co-fermentation with the subsequent mixed microorganisms.

2. Cultivation of beneficial microorganisms:

When making medium in the present invention: 2Kg wheat bran, 1.5Kg rice bran, 0.3Kg rapeseed cake powder, 0.4Kg peanut cake powder, 1.5Kg corn flour, 0.05Kg magnesium sulfate, 0.02Kg ferrous sulfate, 0.01Kg calcium chloride , 0.02Kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4.2Kg of tap water, make the solid culture medium that water content is 42%, the culture medium total weight 10Kg, pH is 5.8. After being prepared, it is sterilized twice, and then inoculated.

The inoculation sequence and inoculation amount of various bacteria are as follows:

1. First inoculate 0.4kg of Bacillus cereus, 0.3kg of nitrifying bacteria and 0.4Kg of Clostridium spp., and cultivate for 3 days at the same time;

2. Re-inoculate 0.6Kg of Bacillus megaterium and 0.6kg of Bacillus jellies, and continue to cultivate for 2 days;

3. Re-inoculate 0.6Kg of Pseudomonas fluorescens and 0.5Kg of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and continue to cultivate for 3 days;

4. Re-inoculate 0.5Kg of Klebsiella, 0.8Kg of Rhodospirillum, 0.4Kg of Azotobacter rufosa and 0.5Kg of Cyanobacteria, and continue to cultivate for 4 days;

5. Finally, inoculate 0.7 kg of Glomus terrescens and 0.6 kg of Trichoderma harcii, and continue culturing for 2 days to obtain 16.4 kg of mixed bacteria.

3. After cultivation, add 8.5 tons of fermentation mixture that has been stacked in advance, add water to adjust the water content to 40%, and stack at room temperature for 5 days to carry out secondary co-fermentation. The stacking method and fermentation process are the same as in Example 1, and the fermentation product is collected. Mix evenly, dry in the air, keep the final water content of about 25%, and pulverize to obtain a powdery mixture to obtain the final product 8329Kg.

Application example of the present invention:

The phosphorus-containing gypsum, livestock and poultry manure, crop stalks and biological compound fertilizer of various microorganisms prepared in the present invention are used for improvement of saline-alkali soil, beach soil and acidic soil.

1. Under normal circumstances, on saline-alkali land surface soil 0-5cm with a salt content of 10-20g/kg, pH9-11 saline-alkali soil and coastal beach soil with a salt content greater than 8-25g/kg, before corn and wheat are planted 1 -2 weeks, spread 450-1000kg of biological compound fertilizer containing phosphorus gypsum made by the present invention on every mu, make base fertilizer, plow the land, pour enough water after sowing, and then apply about 500kg after one and a half months after emergence Left top dressing can increase the emergence rate and survival rate of corn and wheat by more than 150-300%, increase the plant height by 20-30%, increase the yield by more than 240-400%, and reduce the salt content of the surface soil by more than 20-30% compared with the control;

2, plant peanuts and ryegrass on acidic soil, 15-20 days before planting, the biological compound fertilizer 500-800kg of phosphorus-containing gypsum of the present invention is evenly sprinkled on every mu of soil surface to make base fertilizer, then plow and mix well, Applying 200kg as top dressing in the mid-growth period can increase soil pH by 0.05-0.15 units, soil available nitrogen by about 40%, soil available phosphorus by 55-100%, and soil available potassium by 40-40% under the same application of other compound fertilizers. 92%, crop new roots increased by 48-65%, biomass increased by 60-160%;

3. Under the indoor potting test conditions, apply the biological compound fertilizer of the phosphorus-containing gypsum prepared by the present invention in an amount of 0.1-5% by soil weight, mix well with the pot soil, and plant rapeseed, peanuts, soybeans, corn, cotton, cucumbers, For crops such as broad beans, 30-45 days after sowing, the plant height increases by 13-77% compared with the control, and the biomass (fresh weight of the whole plant) increases by 16-65% compared with the control.

Claims (5)

1. the composite bio-fertilizer of phosphogypsum is characterized in that, this composite bio-fertilizer is made by following steps:

1) residue phosphogypsum in chemical plant is regulated pH to 4-5 drying with liming, it is standby to be crushed to the 200-400 order then; With drying animal manure or dry the agricultural crop straw segment standby;

2) by weight with above-mentioned phosphogypsum powder that modulates and pretreated animal dung; Or with pretreated agricultural crop straw; Or mix with pretreated animal dung and agricultural crop straw, make mixture; The blended weight ratio is: phosphogypsum: feces of livestock and poultry=30-50: 70-50; Phosphogypsum: agricultural crop straw=20-50: 80-50; Phosphogypsum: feces of livestock and poultry: agricultural crop straw=30-50: 10-20: 60-30;

3) said mixture is fully mixed thoroughly, added the water that accounts for mixture weight 35-65%;

4) said mixture that modulates banked up fermented, fermented summer 14-20 days, fermented in spring or autumn 25-35 days, fermenting mixture;

5) make substratum, behind medium sterilization, the control culture temperature is the following beneficial microorganism of gradation inoculation under 28-32 ℃ of condition:

A, inoculation earlier account for substratum weight 2.5-8% waxy Bacillus, account for the nitrobacteria of substratum weight 2-7% and account for the clostridium of substratum weight 1.5-6.5%, cultivated 3-4 days;

B, inoculate the bacillus megaterium that accounts for substratum weight 2-8% and account for the jelly genus bacillus of substratum weight 2.2-6.8%, cultivated 2 days;

C, inoculate pseudomonas fluorescens that accounts for substratum weight 2.5-7.5% and the pseudomonas aeruginosa that accounts for substratum weight 2.5-7.5%, cultivated 2-3 days;

D, inoculate the klebsiella, the rhodospirillum that accounts for substratum weight 2-8% that account for substratum weight 1.5-6%, account for the azotobacter chroococcum of substratum weight 3-6% and account for the 1.5-7% cyanobacteria of substratum weight, continue to cultivate 3-5 days;

E, inoculate the Trichodermaharzianum Rifai that accounts for substratum weight 2-9% and to account for the face of land sacculus of substratum weight 2-8.5% mould at last, continue again to cultivate 2 days, collect mixed bacterium;

6) cultivate finish after, the fermenting mixture that mixed bacterium and the step 4) that obtains made is by weight 1: 300-1000 mixes, and adds water adjusting water content again to 35-45%, fully mixes thoroughly, banks up under the room temperature to carry out secondary in 3-5 days and ferment altogether; Dry then to water content and reach 20-30%, after the pulverizing powder mixture be a product.

2. the composite bio-fertilizer of phosphogypsum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the collocation method of the substratum in the step 5) is: by weight with 18-28% wheat bran, 15-19% rice bran, 3-8% rapeseed cake powder, 3-5% groundnut meal, 12-16% Semen Maydis powder, 0.5-0.8% sal epsom, 0.2-0.6% ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.5% calcium chloride, 0.05-0.2% potassium primary phosphate, add tap water and be assigned to 100%, control pH is 5-7.

3. the composite bio-fertilizer of phosphogypsum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the sterilising method of substratum is in the step 5): place Autoclave to carry out high-temperature sterilization 50-65 minute substratum, temperature is 120-124 ℃ in the maintenance Autoclave, and pressure is 0.08-0.12Mpa; Take out sterilized substratum, be placed on the indoor cooling of aseptic inoculation, and placed 2-3 days; After the cooling, adopt and sterilize once again with quadrat method.

4. the composite bio-fertilizer of phosphogypsum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when fermenting in the step 4), the above-mentioned mixture that modulates banked up ferment, pile high 1-1.5 rice, the long 20-30 rice in the end, wide 15-20 rice, ferment with promotion with the plastic film covering and heat insulating all around, fermented summer 14-20 days, fermented in spring or autumn 25-35 days; Ferment after a week, or when the fermented substrate temperature at 15-20cm place in the every day heap reached 50 ℃, turning was immediately mixed thoroughly, in heaps once more, sealing and fermenting, the turning in summer is 5-7 time in the whole fermentation process, and spring and autumn, turning was 3-5 time; When fermented substrate in heaps heap temperature is stabilized in 30-40 ℃, one feed smell that boils is arranged, when piling volume simultaneously and obviously dwindling, fermentation is finished.

5. the composite bio-fertilizer of phosphogypsum is in field crop and improve application on saline-alkali soil, sour earth and the tidal land Soil structure.