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CN101682753B - 减小频道切换时间的系统和方法 - Google Patents

减小频道切换时间的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101682753B
CN101682753B CN2008800198814A CN200880019881A CN101682753B CN 101682753 B CN101682753 B CN 101682753B CN 2008800198814 A CN2008800198814 A CN 2008800198814A CN 200880019881 A CN200880019881 A CN 200880019881A CN 101682753 B CN101682753 B CN 101682753B
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CN101682753A (zh
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让·巴普蒂斯特·亨利
加埃唐·科特罗
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InterDigital CE Patent Holdings SAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在视频接收器中以及在视频服务器中进行频道切换的系统和方法。在视频接收器中，该频道切换方法包括以下步骤：接收切换至新节目的频道切换命令；注册第一流和第二流的接收，所述第一流包括所述新节目，所述第二流包括与所述第一流相同的节目，所述第二流适于比所述第一流更快速地被接收器处理；接收所述第一流和所述第二流，所述第二流是相对于所述第一流延迟地被接收的；在比存储所述第二流更长的时间段内存储所述第一流；显示所述第二流；然后，接续所述第二流显示所述第一流。

Description

减小频道切换时间的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明总体涉及频道切换的方法，具体地，涉及减小在两个节目之间的频道切换时间的方法。
背景技术
经由宽带网络进行的视频分布使用标准压缩系统，如MPEG-2或JVT/H.264/MPEGAVC。MPEG标准定义了GoP(图像组)。GoP定义了一系列I、P、B型图像。在MPEG标准中也定义了这些图像。不参考任何其他图像来对I图像进行编码。关于先前的图像来描述P图像。关于先前和后续的图像来描述B图像。当接收器接收节目时，接收器等待接收I图像以开始解码。这在显示新影片之前，具体地在频道切换的情况下，导致了延迟。因此，在屏幕上显示新的频道之前经过了频道切换时间。该时间是在填充接收存储器的时间与在流中找到可解码图像的时间之间划分的。
存在以下系统，用于通过添加被称作附加的流来改进解码时间，该流的结构使得更快速地找到可解码图像以便能够显示该图像。这是在例如专利申请WO2005112465A1中定义的内容。然而，该附加流与常规流遭遇同样的问题，该问题在于：在可以进行解码之前有必要等待该接收存储器被填充。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种适于优化接收器中的频道切换时间的系统和方法。
为此，本发明的目的是提供一种频道切换方法，该方法在视频接收器中包括以下步骤：接收切换至新节目的频道切换命令；注册第一流和第二流的接收，所述第一流包括所述新节目，所述第二流包括与所述第一流相同的节目，所述第二流适于比所述第一流更快速地被接收器处理；接收所述第一流和所述第二流，所述第二流是相对于所述第一流延迟地被接收的；在比存储所述第二流更长的时间段内存储所述第一流；显示所述第二流；然后，接续所述第二流显示所述第一流。
根据实施例，所述接收器根据所述第一流与所述第二流之间的时间延迟来固定所述第一流的存储时间。
根据一个实施例，与在所述第一流中相比，在所述第二流中以更为压缩的方式传送所述节目
根据具体实现方式，所述接收器接收对所述第一流的呈现时间与所述第二流的呈现时间之间的差别的指示。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种由视频服务器向接收器的流传输方法，该方法在所述服务器中包括以下步骤：对第一流中的内容进行编码；对第二流中的相同内容进行编码，所述第二流适于比所述第一流更快速地被接收器处理；以及传输这两个流，其中所述第二流相对于所述第一流有延迟。
根据一个实施例，所述第二流中的已编码内容比所述第一流中的已编码内容更为压缩。
本发明还应用于一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括：程序代码指令，用于当在计算机上执行该程序时执行根据本发明的方法的步骤。“计算机程序产品”被理解为指一种计算机程序介质，该计算机程序介质不仅可以在于包含该程序的存储空间(如软磁盘或盒式磁带)，还可以在于信号(如电或光信号)。
附图说明
参照附图，以非限制性的方式，通过以下实施例和实现方式将更好地理解和示意本发明。
图1是根据本发明实施例的系统的高度图解表示；
图2是根据本发明实施例的接收器的图示；
图3是根据本发明实施例的服务器的图示；
图4表示根据本发明实施例的流图；以及
图5是根据本发明实施例的快速频道切换原理的示意性表示。
具体实施方式
在图2和3中，所示的模块是可能或可能不与物理上可区分的单元相对应的功能单元。例如，可以将这些模块或其中的一些一起分组在单个组件中，或构成相同软件的功能。相反，一些模块可以由单独的物理实体组成。
本实施例处于在宽带网络中的压缩内容分布模式下进行频道切换的架构内，然而本发明不限于该具体环境，并且可应用于应用了与频道切换类似的约束的其他环境。
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的系统。该系统包括视频源1。编码器2以如下两个流的形式对该视频进行编码：高质量流和低质量流。高质量流是标准流，如SD或HD流。低质量流是标准格式流，但是比高质量流更为压缩。低质量流的特征在于其GoP比高质量流的GoP更短。即，在比对标准流进行编码的分组的数目更小数目的分组上对标准格式流进行编码。服务器6包括视频源和编码器。当然，视频源和编码器可以被包括在不同的设备中。编码器2对两个不同的流进行编码。这可以由两个不同的编码器来执行。
接下来，高质量流称作标准流，低质量流称作附加流。标准流的GoP的示例是IBBPBBPBBPBBI，附加流的GoP的示例是IBI。这与以更少数目的分组而传输的相同数据相对应。
将视频流经由互联网协议3型网络传输至视频接收器4，如机顶盒。接收器4将接收到的流显示在视频屏幕5上。
图2表示根据实施例的接收器4。接收器包括通信模块21，通信模块21用于具体地在IP型WAN网络上发送和接收数据。接收器包括：存储器23，适于存储从WAN网络接收到的视频数据；以及视频解码模块25。具体地，这是MPEG解码器。接收器包括处理器22，处理器22包括对各种接收器模块进行处理的装置。
接收器还包括用户接口24，用户接口24使得可以从用户接收视频切换请求，这触发了节目的改变。最后，接收器包括连接至本身已知的屏幕的装置(图上未示出)。
图3所示的服务器6包括两个编码器、针对标准流的视频编码模块34和针对附加流的视频编码模块35。服务器6还包括：本身众所周知的通信装置，用于以多播模式向接收器传输流。当然，可以以单播模式传输流。如以下描述的，该装置还实现了要传输至接收器的流之间的时间延迟。服务器还包括处理器32和存储器33。
图4是表示频道切换机制的顺序图。
在步骤S1，接收器接收视频流。然后在步骤S2，接收器从用户接口接收切换至另一节目的请求。经由本身众所周知的IGMP(互联网组管理协议)来进行连接过程。IGMP请求包括选择相应视频服务所需的视频流的多播IP地址。在步骤S3，接收器执行旧视频流的IGMP离开(IGMP-leave)，然后在步骤S4和S5，接收器执行在标准流和相关附加流的IP多播地址上的IGMP加入(IGMP-join)。
然后接收器在步骤S6接收标准流，并在步骤S8接收附加流。在步骤S7和S9，存储这些流。在步骤S10，通常首先显示附加流。实际上，在该附加流上找到I图像的机会更大。如以下指示的，然后在步骤S11，显示该标准流。
根据前述GoP示例，在附加流的每个I型图像之间仅传输一个B型图像；而对于标准流，在两个类型I图像之间传输若干B和P型图像。因此，两个类型I图像之间的等待时间比附加流情况下的短。
图5表示接收器中的存储和解码机制。
在接收处，标准和附加流在被解码之前特定时间内存储在存储器中。这种存储使得可以在将接收到的数据传输至解码器之前特定时间内存储该接收到的数据。接下来，解码器等待检测类型I图像以开始显示。
标准流的存储时间101非常长。实际上，该标准流是将以稳定方式处理的标准流。那么，必要的是，该标准流应当能够对抗传输问题。一方面，该标准流补偿接收处可能的抖动效应以防止失速。另一方面，该标准流允许具有足够数据来在预定的分组集合上进行纠错，如FEC(前向纠错)。这种存储花费时间，音频-视频数据的分组在被传送至解码器之前被存储，这意味着该音频-视频数据的分组在可用之前特定时间段内保持被存储。该时间段是损失时间，并且当开始新的解码时，该时间段特别是在频道切换时被感受到，并且有必要等待直到在可以对任何数据进行解码之前填充了存储器为止。
附加流的存储时间102更短。实际上，该流仅在频道切换时刻之后的几秒内是有用的。其作用不会被永久地看到。与标准流相比，该附加流受到更少的保护并且对抖动更敏感。这使得该附加流可以更快速地向解码器传送数据，从而减小频道切换时间。
一旦这些流已被存储了足够长时间，则将这些流传输至解码器并且可以开始解码。对于附加流，解码时间103更快。实际上，附加流的GoP更短并且图像I出现得更快速。在T0，附加流可以出现在屏幕上。标准流的解码时间104通常更长。标准流的GoP更长，I图像的出现相隔更远，并且在标准流中I图像出现得不如在附加流中出现得频繁。在T1，对标准流进行解码，并且准备将该标准流显示在屏幕上。
在105，标准流替换附加流。可以简单地通过在相同的时基上对附加流和标准流加时间戳，来执行附加流向标准流的切换。因此，每个流中呈现的相同图像将具有相同的呈现时间。特别地，如在MPEG标准中定义的，这是PTS(呈现时间戳)。
可以如下示出存储时间，其中，针对标准流的时间是1秒，针对附加流的时间是100毫秒。因此，假定接收器同时接收到这两个流，则附加流在100毫秒之后被传输至解码器，并且快速地对该流进行解码，得到I型图像以被显示。同时，标准流在1秒之后被传输至解码器。然后对该标准流进行解码。比对于附加流的情况更慢地得到类型I图像。一旦得到类型I图像，标准流就替换屏幕上的附加流。
由于经由附加流足够早地显示了类型I图像，因此可以提高针对标准流的存储时间，以便使接收对可能的传送误差更具鲁棒性。
根据实施例，根据MPEG标准，以不同的呈现时间，具体地，以不同的PTS，同时发出标准流和附加流。即，流在时间上偏移。附加流的PTS(PTS1)在标准流的PTS(PTS2)之前。以相对于标准流的时间偏移发出附加流，相对于标准流延迟地发出附加流。因此，当接收器接收标准流的PTS2时，接收器同时接收与服务器已发送的标准流的PTS1相对应的附加流PTS1。PTS1与PTS2之间的差别在时间上表示标准流与附加流的缓冲器之间的大小差别。因此，当附加流填充了其存储器时，开始对该附加流进行解码(PTS1)，同时标准流仍然被存储。在对附加流进行解码的同时，标准流填充其存储器，直到该存储器满并且该标准流开始被解码为止。该PTS2时刻与附加流也对其PTS2进行解码的位置相对应。因此，当显示附加流时，在明显处于PTS1之后的时刻T0显示该附加流。然后在该时间期间，对标准流进行存储和解码。当在明显处于PTS2之后的时刻T1显示标准流时，所显示的附加流明显与相同时刻T1相对应，并且附加流的切换察觉不到地出现在屏幕上。PTS1与PTS2之间的差别使得实际上可以补偿在显示于屏幕上之前、在标准流与附加流之间的、解码器中所需的处理的差别。
服务器可能向接收器发信号通知在两个流之间实施的偏移。这可以具体地在流的注册期间进行。这使得接收器可以针对专用于每个流的存储器大小而设置参数。
接收器还可以自身检测该偏移。该接收器可以使用该偏移来确定标准流的存储时间的大小。
在上文中以示例的形式描述了本发明。应当理解，在不脱离本专利的范围的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对本发明进行改变。

Claims (5)

1.一种在视频接收器中的频道切换方法，在所述接收器中该方法包括以下步骤：
接收切换至新节目的频道切换命令；
请求接收第一流和第二流，所述第一流包括所述新节目，所述第二流包括与所述第一流相同的节目，所述第二流适于比所述第一流更快速地被所述接收器处理；
接收所述第一流和所述第二流，所述第二流是相对于所述第一流延迟地被接收的；
在比存储所述第二流更长的时间段内存储第一流，所述第一流和第二流的存储时间是由所述接收器根据所述第一流和所述第二流之间的时间延迟而固定的，从而在显示所述第一流时，所述第一流对应于与所述第二流的呈现时间相等的呈现时间；
显示所述第二流；以及
接续所述第二流显示所述第一流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，与在所述第一流中相比，在所述第二流中以更为压缩的方式传送所述节目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述接收器接收对所述第一流的呈现时间与所述第二流的呈现时间之间的差别的指示。
4.一种由视频服务器向接收器传输流的方法，在所述服务器中，该方法包括以下步骤：
对第一流中的内容进行编码；
对第二流中的相同内容进行编码，所述第二流适于比所述第一流更快速地被所述接收器处理；
传输这两个流，其中在所述第二流与所述第一流之间有偏移，所述偏移表示缓存所述第一流和缓存所述第二流之间的时间差的大小；以及
向所述接收器指示所述偏移的值。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，与所述第一流中的已编码内容相比，所述第二流中的已编码内容更为压缩。
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