A kind of soft starting circuit, method and switching power circuit
Technical field
The present invention relates to integrated circuit fields.More particularly, the invention provides a kind of soft starting circuit and method that is used for Switching Power Supply.
Background technology
Switching Power Supply is little with its volume, and the characteristics that performance is good He easy to use have obtained using widely in fields such as communication, network, Industry Control and consumer electronics.As everyone knows, switch power supply system control can be divided into voltage mode control and Controlled in Current Mode and Based substantially.For voltage mode, current-mode adopts the control of pulse one by one, and dynamic response is fast, and modulability is good.When input line voltage or output loading variation, pulse duration can obtain adjusting at once, and in the voltage mode control technology, testing circuit is for the not directly reaction of variation of input voltage, need output voltage to take place pulse-width to regulate after certain variation, need to respond after 5 to 10 switch periods the variation of input voltage usually.Therefore, in the Switching Power Supply that adopts voltage mode PWM control technology, switching tube damages because of the voltage spike that the input voltage surge causes through regular meeting.The Converter Controlled by Current mode PWM technology then can avoid similar fault to take place well.Therefore, the Converter Controlled by Current mode PWM device becomes the main flow of PWM controller.Now, a lot of Converter Controlled by Current mode PWM chips are come out one after another, and have improved the reliability and the performance of switch power supply system greatly, simultaneously greatly and simplified the system peripherals circuit.
As everyone knows, the current-mode switch power supply system is when starting beginning, and system's output voltage is very low, thereby cause the feedback voltage of system control chip to be in maximum, cause the duty ratio of the pwm control signal of system to be started working like this, reduce gradually then, reach stationary value at last from maximum.So the voltage and current stress at system start-up initial stage device is very big, thereby cause Circuits System to damage easily.For fear of this situation occurring, need in switching power source chip, add soft starting circuit.Soft starting circuit is to be used for the duty ratio of control switching pwm pulse wave mode in start-up course progressively to change to just often needed value from minimum value.Because duty ratio begins progressively to change from minimum value, thereby the voltage and current stress of system in start-up course is alleviated greatly, thereby has increased the reliability of system.
Please refer to the soft start module of a built-in chip shown in Figure 1, it has shown the switch power controller of a traditional employing Controlled in Current Mode and Based, main modular comprises: PWM comparator, slope-compensation, lead-edge-blanking, oscillator, rest-set flip-flop, and driving stage.Oscillator comes clocking and sawtooth signal simultaneously, and wherein clock signal offers rest-set flip-flop R end, and sawtooth signal offers slope equalizer, and this mode soft start function normally leans on the overcurrent protection threshold value of change system to realize.
Usually, soft start has a variety of implementations, generally is divided into two classes, and a class is an outer electric capacity, at this moment needs an external terminal of control chip to realize this function, please refer to the external soft starting circuit of a kind of traditional electric capacity shown in Figure 2.Realize soft start function by the plug-in soft start capacitor of an external terminal SS of chip.After system start-up, control chip inside produces a constant current source Isst outside capacitor C is charged, and the instantaneous voltage of charging is sent to system's overcurrent protection module, thereby the output current of system is increased gradually, finishes soft start function.When charging voltage reached threshold voltage vt h_sst, soft starting circuit produced a signal SST and delivers to control module, and whole soft start-up process promptly comes to an end.But soft starting circuit shown in Figure 2 needs a pin of an external capacitive and chip, and its appearance value is usually all at microfarad range.And the linear and continuous rising of soft start voltage finishes up to soft start in soft start-up process.
Please refer to the soft start implementation of a traditional built-in chip type shown in Figure 3, this implementation does not need outside soft start capacitor, does not need an external terminal yet.Concrete module is roughly: band gap reference, voltage generator (producing many group output voltages), system clock, frequency divider, decoder, simulation gating switch array.Concrete job description is; after system start-up, the band-gap reference and the clock of chip are started working, and voltage generator produces the output of many group voltage; come the gating soft start voltage and deliver to overcurrent protection module by frequency divider and decoder control analog switch array, thereby realize soft start function.Fig. 4 is the output waveform figure of soft start shown in Figure 3.As can be seen from Figure 4, system's overcurrent protection voltage is the linear rising of step, thereby has realized soft start function.But the shortcoming of circuit shown in Figure 3 is that the circuit resource consumption rate is bigger, and especially frequency division decoding circuit and simulation gating switch array need to take the bigger area of chip in reality realizes.
Above-mentioned traditional soft starting mode has individual defective: soft start is not the required optimum start-up mode of system.Figure 10 has shown the startup output waveform figure of a power-supply system.Theory analysis and actual result all show, start back system output voltage and are near the index rising, so desirable soft start should be the index mode, as shown in figure 11.
As can be seen from Figure 11, for the mode of no soft start, after system starts at the beginning, promptly give the overcurrent protection threshold voltage with maximum, system's output voltage can shorten settling time like this, but the voltage and current stress of system is very big in initial start stage.For traditional soft starting mode, the overcurrent protection threshold voltage is linear during startup, is lower than the desired value of system in initial start stage system overcurrent protection threshold value like this, thus can cause system's output to increase settling time, especially in large-power occasions.Best soft starting mode requires overcurrent protection threshold value exponentially to rise, as shown in figure 11.
In sum, be necessary to design a kind of soft start implementation of more simplification of more optimizing to address the above problem.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of soft starting circuit and method that more simply is used for Switching Power Supply.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of soft starting circuit that is used for Switching Power Supply, this circuit comprise operational amplifier, the switched-capacitor circuit that links to each other with operational amplifier output terminal, second electric capacity that links to each other with switched-capacitor circuit and are used to start the 3rd switch of zero clearing; Described switched-capacitor circuit comprises first switch, the second switch that is connected with first switch and first electric capacity between first switch and second switch; This circuit further comprises clock signal generating circuit, the frequency divider that links to each other with the clock signal generating circuit output, and this frequency divider is used for the clock signal that described clock signal generating circuit produces is divided into the closure that first clock signal that two-phase do not overlap and second clock signal are respectively applied for control first switch and second switch.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, described operational amplifier comprises amplifier current source, two back-to-back the first transistors that are connected with the amplifier current source and transistor seconds; Two aspectant the 3rd transistors that are connected with transistor seconds with the first transistor respectively and the 4th transistor.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, the voltage of described soft starting circuit is index step curve, is proportional to the time constant of index step curve the start-up time of described soft starting circuit.
The present invention also comprises a kind of soft-start method that is used for Switching Power Supply, and this method may further comprise the steps:
1) behind the clock signal process frequency divider that clock signal generating circuit produces, the closure that first clock signal that the generation two-phase does not overlap and second clock signal are controlled first switch and second switch respectively;
2) closure of controlling first switch and second switch respectively by first clock signal and second clock signal obtains equivalent resistance;
4) charging circuit formed of this equivalence resistance and second electric capacity utilizes charging interval of this charging circuit to obtain the start-up time of soft starting circuit.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, described equivalent resistance is
Wherein, N is the frequency dividing ratio of frequency divider, f
CLKBe the clock frequency of clock signal generating circuit, C1 is the value of first electric capacity and second electric capacity, f
Ph1For being the frequency of the fractional frequency signal of frequency divider output.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, the time constant of described charging circuit is
Vo voltage is
Soft-start time is
So,
Wherein, N is the frequency dividing ratio of frequency divider, f
CLKBe the clock frequency of clock signal generating circuit, C1, C2 are the value of first electric capacity and second electric capacity, and t is the charging interval, and Vo is the output voltage of soft starting circuit, and Vo1 is the numerical value of soft start Vo when just having finished.
The present invention also comprises a kind of switching power circuit of using described soft starting circuit, this switching power circuit comprises the voltage comparator that is connected with the soft starting circuit output, the output voltage and the reference voltage that are used for softer start-up circuit, when the output voltage of soft starting circuit during more than or equal to reference voltage, the soft start end signal of comparator output.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, this switching power circuit also comprises the overcurrent protector that is connected with the soft starting circuit output, is used to send the overcurrent protection signal.
Be provided with slope equalizer between described voltage comparator and the overcurrent protector.
As one of optimal way of the present invention, described voltage comparator passes through with the output signal of overcurrent protector and is connected with the R end of rest-set flip-flop behind the door.
The present invention is by designing a kind of new soft starting circuit that is used for Switching Power Supply and method, and its advantage is: on the one hand, the present invention does not need outside soft start capacitor, does not need an external terminal yet, can be integrated at chip internal; On the other hand, the circuit resource of institute of the present invention loss is considerably less, is easy to integrated; At last, Switching Power Supply starts output basic index curve, adopts soft starting circuit of the present invention, overcurrent protection voltage index curve, and it is that Switching Power Supply starts the approximate best implementation that is the exponential curve form of output.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the switch power controller structural representation of existing employing Controlled in Current Mode and Based;
Fig. 2 is the external soft starting circuit structural representation of existing electric capacity;
Fig. 3 is existing another kind of built-in chip type soft starting circuit structural representation;
Fig. 4 is the output waveform figure of soft starting circuit shown in Figure 3;
Fig. 5 is a soft starting circuit structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is switched-capacitor circuit figure among the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the sequential chart of soft starting circuit shown in Figure 5;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of amplifier among the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the output waveform figure of soft starting circuit of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the startup output waveform figure of existing power-supply system;
Figure 11 is best soft start and other two kinds of Starting mode output waveform figures;
Figure 12 is the specific embodiment structural representation that soft starting circuit of the present invention uses.
Embodiment
Please refer to shown in Figure 5, be the soft starting circuit embodiment that simply can realize exponential growth curve of a kind of novelty of proposing according to the present invention, this circuit comprises operational amplifier 3, the switched-capacitor circuit that links to each other with operational amplifier 3 outputs, second capacitor C 2 that links to each other with switched-capacitor circuit and is used to start the 3rd switch S 3 of zero clearing;
As shown in Figure 6, described switched-capacitor circuit comprises first switch S 1, the second switch S2 that is connected with first switch and first capacitor C 1 between first switch and second switch; This circuit further comprises clock signal generating circuit 1, the frequency divider 2 that links to each other with the clock signal generating circuit output, and this frequency divider 2 is used for the clock signal that described clock signal generating circuit 1 produces is divided into the closure that first clock signal that two-phase do not overlap and second clock signal are respectively applied for control first switch and second switch.
Described operational amplifier comprises amplifier current source, two back-to-back the first transistors that are connected with the amplifier current source and transistor seconds; Two aspectant the 3rd transistors that are connected with transistor seconds with the first transistor respectively and the 4th transistor.
Please refer to shown in Figure 5ly, the present invention includes main modular has clock signal generating circuit 1, frequency divider 2, a simple amplifier A, a reference voltage Vref, and a little capacitor C 1, another little capacitor C 2, switch S 1, S2, S3, wherein S3 is used for starting zero clearing.The present invention compares with circuit shown in Figure 3, has saved modules such as voltage generator, decoder and analog switch array.Frequency divider among Fig. 5 produces two-phase do not overlap clock signal Phi and Phib, is used for controlling the closure of S1 and S2 respectively.S1, S2 and C1 have formed a switched-capacitor circuit, by the closed frequency of clock signal control switch, can obtain the big resistance of equivalence, utilize the charging process of this equivalent resistance and C2, can obtain enough big soft-start time.
Please refer to shown in Figure 7, the simple realization mode of the amplifier A that proposes according to the present invention.Therefrom as can be seen, this circuit only comprises five transistor M1-M5, and wherein M1 is the amplifier current source.
From the output waveform figure of Fig. 9 start-up circuit as can be seen, system's overcurrent protection voltage is the index step and rises, and after certain time constant that index rises, soft start finishes, thereby has realized soft start function.
Please refer to shown in Figure 12, switching power circuit for practical application of the present invention, this switching power circuit comprises the voltage comparator (also being the voltage type PWM comparator) that is connected with soft starting circuit output of the present invention, the output voltage and the reference voltage that are used for softer start-up circuit, when the output voltage of soft starting circuit during more than or equal to reference voltage, comparator output soft start end signal.This switching power circuit also comprises the overcurrent protector that is connected with the soft starting circuit output, is used to send the overcurrent protection signal.
As shown in Figure 1, be provided with slope equalizer between described voltage comparator and the overcurrent protector.
Described voltage comparator passes through with the output signal of overcurrent protector and is connected with the R end of rest-set flip-flop behind the door.
Wherein, Vref is a reference voltage; PGb starts reset signal, starts zero clearing end back soft start and begins; Vo is the output of soft starting circuit, and it is the index step as Fig. 9 and rises.Soft start finishes when the Vo rising reaches another reference voltage Vo1, and SST is the soft start end signal of comparator output.The output signal Vo of overcurrent protector input current sampled signal CS, soft moving circuit.OCP is the overcurrent protection signal of overcurrent protector output.
The present invention also comprises a kind of soft-start method that is used for Switching Power Supply, and this method may further comprise the steps:
1) behind the clock signal process frequency divider that clock signal generating circuit produces, the closure that first clock signal that the generation two-phase does not overlap and second clock signal are controlled first switch and second switch respectively;
2) closure of controlling first switch and second switch respectively by first clock signal and second clock signal obtains the big resistance of equivalence;
5) charging circuit formed of this equivalence resistance and second electric capacity utilizes charging interval of this charging circuit to obtain the start-up time of soft starting circuit.
Resistance of described switched-capacitor circuit equivalence, equivalent resistance is
Wherein, N is the frequency dividing ratio of frequency divider, f
CLKBe the clock frequency of clock signal generating circuit, C1 is the value of first electric capacity and second electric capacity, f
PhiFor being the frequency of the fractional frequency signal of frequency divider output.
From computing formula as can be seen,, just can obtain the big resistance of equivalence with a little electric capacity and a lower clock frequency, the same big resistance integrated with respect to chip internal, the chip area resource of institute's loss is considerably less.
Among the present invention, S1, S2, C1 and clock signal Phi, (Phib is the inversion signal of Phi to Phib, and Phi is the fractional frequency signal of CLK, and N is a frequency dividing ratio.) composition equivalent resistance R.R and C2 form RC charging circuit, time constant
Vo voltage is approximately:
Soft-start time among the present invention can be expressed as (the Vo=Vo1 soft start finishes, and decontrols after zero moment, Vo became no-voltage clearly by S3, and soft start begins, and soft start finishes when Vo=Vo1):
In the following formula, N is the frequency divider frequency dividing ratio, f
ClkBe system clock frequency.By this formula as can be seen,, can obtain accurate and long soft-start time, and need not many hardware circuits by choosing bigger frequency dividing ratio N and big C2/C1 ratio.
Soft-start time of the present invention is relevant with C1/C2 ratio with the frequency dividing ratio of frequency divider.Soft start voltage of the present invention is an index step curve.Soft-start time is proportional to the time constant of index step curve.
On the one hand, the present invention does not need outside soft start capacitor, does not need an external terminal yet, can be integrated at chip internal; On the other hand, the circuit resource of institute of the present invention loss is considerably less, is easy to integrated; At last, Switching Power Supply starts output basic index curve, adopts soft starting circuit of the present invention, overcurrent protection voltage index curve, and it is that Switching Power Supply starts the approximate best implementation that is the exponential curve form of output.
The foregoing description just lists expressivity principle of the present invention and effect is described, but not is used to limit the present invention.Any personnel that are familiar with this technology all can make amendment to the foregoing description under spirit of the present invention and scope.Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be listed as claims.