CN101639386B - Load tap changer contact overheating fault diagnosis method and device - Google Patents
Load tap changer contact overheating fault diagnosis method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101639386B CN101639386B CN2009100347001A CN200910034700A CN101639386B CN 101639386 B CN101639386 B CN 101639386B CN 2009100347001 A CN2009100347001 A CN 2009100347001A CN 200910034700 A CN200910034700 A CN 200910034700A CN 101639386 B CN101639386 B CN 101639386B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a load tap changer contact overheating fault diagnosis method and device based on a fiber bragg grating temperature sensor. The fiber bragg grating temperature sensor is adopted to monitor contact temperature variation of a load tap changer, the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor is fixed at the spatial location above the load tap changer switching contact, the sensor is generally placed in oil above the gunlock of the tap changer, the temperature of the oil above the contact can rise and the temperature of the fiber bragg grating sensor fixed at the position can rise as the temperature of contact rises, and whether the temperature of contact is in abnormal is judged according to variation of an output signal. The invention has the advantages that: the fiber bragg grating temperature sensor is utilized to measure temperature, light signal is adopted for measurement and transmission, and electric isolation of field detection is realized; grating technology is used, a detection signal takes the central wavelength of the light signal as characterizing quantity, the defect that the traditional photo sensor is dependent on light intensity is overcome, stability is good, and service life is long; and the sensor is inserted into the tap changer and is close to contact, and sensitivity and reliability are high.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of method and device of the load tap changer contact overheating fault diagnosis of measuring based on optical fiber grating temperature, belongs to electrical control engineering field.
Background technology
The transformer pressure regulation mainly is to realize by the tap position that changes the tap winding, is divided into two kinds of forms of non-excitation pressure adjustment and on-load voltage regulation.The device of connection and switching transformer shunting tap is commonly referred to shunting switch in the transformer.Switching shunting tap does not need transformer is excised from electrical network, and promptly bringing onto load switches pressure regulation, claims on-load voltage regulation.The shunting switch that on-load voltage regulation is adopted is called load ratio bridging switch.Load ratio bridging switch is that transformer is finished load tapchanging core component, also is one of important matching component of transformer.
Load ratio bridging switch is used universally day by day in 110kV and the above power transformer, and along with the raising that the quality of power supply is required, the average daily pressure regulation number of times of power transformer load tap changer significantly increases, and the fault of load ratio bridging switch has the trend of increase.The status monitoring and the fault diagnosis of carrying out the shunting switch operation are significant to safe operation of power system, have a good application prospect.
The on-line monitoring of load ratio bridging switch and fault diagnosis technology are started in the nineties in 20th century, at present still in development.General monitoring method is the vibration signal that adopts in the vibration transducer measurement tap change operation process both at home and abroad, utilizes certain signal processing method and diagnosis algorithm to assess and predict the duty of shunting switch then.
Contact overheating fault is one of most common failure of load ratio bridging switch.Because degraded in mechanical properties causes the contact tap not in place, or because the contact resistance that the electric property deterioration causes increases or the like, contact temperature all will raise unusually.Yet the overheated sensing of load tap changer contact is subjected to the restriction of following factor: 1. heating position is sealed in the device housings usually, and infrared electronic technology is limited; 2. heating position is often located higher current potential, and thermal sensing element sensing contact methods commonly used such as thermopair, thermal resistance are limited; 3. the contact in fuel tank is overheated is local overheating to shunting switch, and the temperature variation that is reflected in whole fuel tank (outside) is insensitive, thereby, outside limited reliability in the externally measured temperature of transformer.Monitoring to the load tap changer contact temperature does not at present also have desirable method, and the measuring technique in the research mainly contains two kinds, and the one, adopt temperature sensor in the temperature rise of fuel tank external monitor.This monitoring method realizes simple, only needs mounting temperature sensor or infrared sensor on the oil tank of transformer shell, but as mentioned above, is subjected to external environment influence bigger, and accuracy and reliability all are difficult to guarantee; The 2nd, the HF noise signal that adopts sound transducer monitoring local overheating to produce.When contact temperature is elevated to a certain degree, heated transformer oil will produce noise signal., transformer over-heat inside situation is judged in oil tank of transformer external monitoring noise signal by sound transducer by signal analysis and processing.This method is subjected to the influence of oily state, Oiltank structure, pyrotoxin type and various undesired signals bigger, and the electromagnetic noise in transformer when operation itself is bigger, to influenced very big based on the measurement of noise, particularly the monitoring technology based on noise needs the temperature of oil to rise to a certain degree (bibliographical information will reach about 200 ℃), at this moment the sub-connecting switch of transformer fault is very serious, does not meet the cardinal rule of fault diagnosis.In addition, owing to also can produce relevant gas in the shunting switch fuel tank under the shunting switch normal operating conditions, so people's normal three-ratio method that uses in the transformer body fuel tank, in the analysis of shunting switch oil, use also very difficulty.
In a word, present monitoring to the transformer on load tap changer contact temperature lacks effective means.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve load tap changer contact overheating fault and be difficult to diagnose this difficult problem, proposed practicable diagnostic method and device based on the fiber grating load tap changer contact overheating fault.
Technical solution of the present invention: based on the method for fiber grating load tap changer contact overheating fault diagnosis, it is characterized in that: one, fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is fixed on load tap changer contact superjacent air space position, and be dipped in the interior transformer oil of shunting switch, two, monitoring load tap changer contact temperature variation, with fiber-optical grating temperature sensor monitoring load tap changer contact temperature variation, load ratio bridging switch hinders or other misoperation for some reason, cause that its contact temperature rises, the oil temperature of load tap changer contact top is risen, by the monitoring of the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor in shunting switch fuel tank load tap changer contact temperature variation; Three, spectral analysis, fiber-optical grating temperature sensor monitoring load tap changer contact temperature signal is exported to coupling mechanism, exports to spectroanalysis instrument after signal is coupled, and carries out opto-electronic conversion, analysis; Four, the electric signal that Computer Processing, computing machine are accepted after opto-electronic conversion carries out data processing output, again with normal condition under the temperature conditions of shunting switch oil compare the state of diagnosis shunting switch.
Device based on the fiber grating load tap changer contact overheating fault diagnosis, the light source output terminal that it is characterized in that wideband light source links to each other with the three-dB coupler first input end, fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is placed in the interior oil of loaded tap switch oil case, corresponding the joining of I/O end of the output/input end of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor and three-dB coupler, the signal output part of three-dB coupler and the signal input part of spectroanalysis instrument join, and the signal output part of spectroanalysis instrument joins with the signal input of computing machine again.
Advantage of the present invention: native system utilizes the oil temperature of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor survey shunting switch switching contact top, because optical fiber grating temperature-measuring system employing light signal is measured and transmitted, the electrical isolation that detects has been realized at the scene; This system uses grating technology simultaneously, and detection signal is the sign amount with light signal centre wavelength, has overcome the shortcoming of traditional photo sensor dependence light intensity magnitude, good stability, long service life; This sensor extend into shunting switch inside, and is near apart from contact, and sensitivity and reliability are all higher.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of fault diagnostic system
Fig. 2 is fiber grating temperature sensor test principle figure of the present invention
Fig. 3 is the wavelength variations curve of reflecting light during temperature variation in the test
Fig. 4 is a field conduct illustration intention.
In the accompanying drawing 11 is load tap changer switching contact, and 2 is oil (in fact whole switch switching contact is all in oil), and 3 is fiber-optical grating temperature sensor (prior art), 4 is three-dB coupler (prior art), 5 is spectroanalysis instrument (prior art), and 6 is computing machine, and 7 is wideband light source.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, its structure is that the incident light of fiber grating sensing system is imported through three-dB coupler 4 by wideband light source 7, when load ratio bridging switch contact 1 temperature raises, to the temperature of load tap changer contact top oil 2 also be risen, thereby the temperature of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 3 is changed, cause the grating cycle to change, thereby produce the wavelength shift of optical grating reflection light signal; Reflected light signal is input to spectroanalysis instrument 5 from fiber-optical grating temperature sensor output through three-dB coupler and analyzes, the reflected light wavelength signals that the spectroanalysis instrument analysis obtains is input to computing machine 6, can monitor the variation of contact temperature by the monitoring facilities in the computing machine.
1, system works principle
The connection block diagram of the load ratio bridging switch fault diagnosis system of measuring based on optical fiber grating temperature as shown in Figure 1.The incident light wave that meets the demands is reflected by fiber grating, and the wavelength of reflecting light is:
λ
B＝2
neffΛ (1)
λ in the formula
BBe fiber grating reflection wavelength (nm), n
EffBe the fibre core effective refractive index, Λ is grating cycle (pitch).n
EffAll be subjected to external environment Peng Xiang (temperature, pressure etc. and change, thereby cause the reflection wavelength of fiber grating to be moved with Λ.The drift of the fiber grating foveal reflex wavelength that is caused by temperature variation is:
Δλ
B＝2
neffΛ(α+ξ)ΔT (2)
Δ λ in the formula
BBe the drift value (nm) of fiber grating reflection wavelength, α is the thermal linear expansion coefficient (/ ℃) of optical fiber, and ξ is the thermo-optical coeffecient (/ ℃) of optical fiber, Δ T be temperature variation (℃).
When temperature changes, can obtain the variation of temperature data by knowing fiber grating reflection wavelength drift value.
Fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is installed on gap about the about 20cm in load tap changer contact top, and be dipped in the oil (in the engineering can according to the decision of actual permission space), optical fiber then extend into the inner position near the shunting switch upper contact head of tap change-over switch by shunting switch oil transportation mouth (or other mouthful), and by insulating banding wire fiber-optical grating temperature sensor and shunting switch body is fixed.When the load ratio bridging switch contact temperature raises, by near the conduction oily load tap changer contact temperature of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is also raise, thereby make the drift of fiber grating reflection wavelength.Can judge the load tap changer contact variation of temperature by monitoring to the reflecting light wavelength shift.
Embodiment 1: experiment
In order to verify feasibility of the present invention, carry out following experiment.Fiber grating temperature sensor test experiments schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2.At first hang out the shunting switch switch core, heating resistor is fixed on the upper contact head of shunting switch, then switch core is reinstalled in the shunting switch fuel tank, energising is heated to heating resistor.The light that sends from wideband light source (BBS) incides single-mode fiber through three-dB coupler, and then incide fiber-optic grating sensor in the shunting switch fuel tank, light through the fiber-optic grating sensor reflection enters spectroanalysis instrument (OSA) through three-dB coupler again, observes the variation of fiber grating reflected light centre wavelength by spectroanalysis instrument.The working temperature of fiber grating is read by the thermometer of installing in its vicinity.The resolution of the spectrometer that is connected with coupling mechanism (AnritsuMS9710C) is 0.01nm, in order to monitoring fiber grating reflecting light central wavelength lambda
B
Contrast Fig. 3, its structure is that the light source output terminal of wideband light source and the light source input end of three-dB coupler join, fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is put into the shunting switch fuel tank, heating resistor in the shunting switch fuel tank connects power frequency AC, thermometer is placed on a side of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, corresponding the joining of I/O end of the output/input end of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor and three-dB coupler, the signal output part of three-dB coupler and the signal input part of spectroanalysis instrument join.
In the experiment, range of temperature is 20～180 ℃, λ of 10 ℃ of records of the every variation of temperature
B, for silicon matrix germnium doped fiber material, α ≈ 5.5 * 10
-7/ ℃, ξ ≈ 6.3 * 10
-6/ ℃, reflected light centre wavelength is 1550.21nm in the time of 20 ℃.In this range of temperature, the λ of centre wavelength
BTotal drift value is 1.70nm.The temperature variant response curve of fiber grating foveal reflex wavelength in the experiment as shown in Figure 4.
Experimental data in the accompanying drawing 3 is carried out linear fit, and curvilinear equation all is Y=0.01062X+1550, and the linear fit degree of temperature is fine.Therefore, the data of the reflected light centre wavelength by spectroanalysis instrument monitoring can be extrapolated the temperature data of sensor.When the load tap changer contact temperature that monitors surpasses the early warning value of setting, illustrate that there is contact overheating fault in load ratio bridging switch, monitoring system will be shut down maintenance by warning reminding Surveillance center.
Embodiment 2: the scene
Field conduct is undertaken by Fig. 4 mode, the through path of light signal (input channel) as before, that is: light sends through three-dB coupler, connects the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor of optical cable to the oil that fills by being placed in the shunting switch from light source; Reflected light is through sensor, three-dB coupler, change electric signal into to photoelectric commutator, and machine is handled as calculated, obtains the temperature of shunting switch oil, again according to tap under the normal condition
The temperature conditions of circuit-breaker oil, the state of diagnosis shunting switch.
Claims (2)
1. based on the method for the load tap changer contact overheating fault diagnosis of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, it is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
One, fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is fixed on the gap of the about 20cm in load tap changer contact top, and is dipped in the interior transformer oil of shunting switch;
Two, monitoring load tap changer contact temperature variation, with fiber-optical grating temperature sensor monitoring load tap changer contact temperature variation, load ratio bridging switch hinders or other misoperation for some reason, cause that its contact temperature rises, the oil temperature of load tap changer contact top is risen, by the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor monitoring load tap changer contact temperature variation of in the shunting switch fuel tank, placing;
Three, spectral analysis, fiber-optical grating temperature sensor monitoring load tap changer contact temperature signal is exported to coupling mechanism, exports to spectroanalysis instrument after signal is coupled, and the output of spectroanalysis instrument transmits computing machine;
Four, Computer Processing, the signal of computing machine receiving spectrum analyser are carried out data processing output, again with normal condition under the temperature conditions of transformer oil in the shunting switch compare the state of diagnosis shunting switch.
2. the method for the load tap changer contact overheating fault diagnosis based on fiber-optical grating temperature sensor according to claim 1, the signal output that it is characterized in that described fiber-optical grating temperature sensor monitoring load tap changer contact temperature is drawn from the oil transportation hole of load ratio bridging switch or other hole, realize the overheated on-line monitoring of transformer on load tap changer contact, in time find the shunting switch fault.
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| CN2009100347001A CN101639386B (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2009-09-08 | Load tap changer contact overheating fault diagnosis method and device |
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Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102589747A (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-07-18 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for monitoring top-layer oil temperature of oil-immersed power transformer based on optical fiber Bragg grating |
| CN102768082A (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2012-11-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Oil immersed power transformer top layer oil temperature monitoring method based on fiber Bragg grating |
| CN102853922A (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2013-01-02 | 吴江市东泰电力特种开关有限公司 | Loaded tapping switch temperature sensing device |
| CN102853933A (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2013-01-02 | 吴江市东泰电力特种开关有限公司 | Loaded tapping switch temperature measurer |
| CN102866352A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2013-01-09 | 吴江市东泰电力特种开关有限公司 | On-load tapping switch monitoring device |
| CN104280153A (en) * | 2014-10-07 | 2015-01-14 | 国家电网公司 | Temperature measurement device of oil-immersed transformer on-load tap-changer oil chamber |
| US11585692B2 (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2023-02-21 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Fiber optic sensing system for grid-based assets |
| US11719559B2 (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2023-08-08 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Fiber optic sensing system for grid-based assets |
| CN111272104B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-09-14 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Method suitable for automatically shielding position sensor fault reading head in extreme environment |
| CN113030790A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-25 | 华能（天津）煤气化发电有限公司 | Method for checking whether contact of tap changer of transformer is good or not |
| CN113884870A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-01-04 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Transformer vacuum on-load tap-changer monitoring system and method |
| CN114512956B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2024-10-22 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Transformer tapping switch protection method based on built-in current and temperature sensor |
| CN114566945B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2024-10-22 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Quick protection method for tapping switch of converter transformer |
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| US6224255B1 (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 2001-05-01 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Temperature pickup for oil-filled vessels and temperature measurement method |
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