CN101637789B - Resistance heat tension straightening device and straightening method thereof - Google Patents
Resistance heat tension straightening device and straightening method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101637789B CN101637789B CN2009100236121A CN200910023612A CN101637789B CN 101637789 B CN101637789 B CN 101637789B CN 2009100236121 A CN2009100236121 A CN 2009100236121A CN 200910023612 A CN200910023612 A CN 200910023612A CN 101637789 B CN101637789 B CN 101637789B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a resistance heat tension straightening device and a straightening method thereof. A fixed pulley is arranged at the center of the top end of a support (6); and a cylinder (5) is fixed on the lower surface of a beam of the support. One end of a steel wire of the fixed pulley is fixed on the beam of the support (6), and the other end of the steel wire of the fixed pulley is fixedly connected with a connecting ring of an upper clamping head (4). Two ends of a titanium alloy bar are respectively clamped in the upper clamping head (4) and a lower clamping head (3); and a balance weight (2) is hung below the lower clamping head (3). Output terminals of a power supply (1) are communicated with two ends of the bar by wires respectively. The weight of the balance weight and the tension straightening length of the bar are obtained by calculation. The bar triggers a limit switch when reaching a preset tension straightening length, the power supply is disconnected, and straightening is stopped. The resistance heat tension straightening device is characterized by high straightening precision, simple device structure and operation method, low surface oxidization of short-term heated materials, and small residual stress inside the materials after hot straightening, and is applicable to metallic materials with higher resistivity.
Description
One, the technical field
The invention relates to the field of hot working, in particular to a resistance thermal tension straightening device and a straightening method.
Second, background Art
The straightening of the metal bar is usually performed by pressure straightening, skew roll straightening, stretch straightening, and the like.
The method for straightening the metal bar by the pressure straightener is the simplest straightening method, and the method is to bend the bar with original bending in the reverse direction by a pressure head between two movable supporting points of a workbench to achieve straightening.
The oblique roll straightening includes two-roll and multi-roll straightening. The method is the most common method for straightening the metal bar, the principle is that the metal bar passes through a roll gap, the bending curvature is changed to achieve the purpose of straightening, the straightening precision and the production efficiency are high, the method has the main defects that equipment is complex, the production cost is high, meanwhile, a product generates large internal stress in the straightening process, and the straightness is reduced due to the change of the internal stress after the product is placed for a long time or the surface of the product is machined.
The stretch straightening method is to apply a tensile stress exceeding the yield strength of the material to the metal bar to cause the metal bar to generate internal plastic deformation so as to achieve straightening. The adopted straightening device is characterized in that two ends of a metal bar are fixed through clamping heads, and a hydraulic oil cylinder is used for applying tension to the metal bar so as to achieve the purpose of stretching and straightening. The main defects of the traditional stretching straightening are that the metal material straightened at room temperature has high strength, large stretching force needs to be applied, the tonnage of equipment is increased, meanwhile, the metal material with high strengthening characteristic is difficult to be straightened at one time, and the material with low plasticity is easy to break in the straightening process.
Third, the invention
In order to overcome the defects that the prior art is low in efficiency, high in production cost, low in straightness due to the change of internal stress, or easy to break due to the fact that large stretching force needs to be applied, the invention provides a resistance thermal tension straightening device and a straightening method.
The invention comprises a fixed pulley, a power supply, a counterweight, a lower chuck, an upper chuck, a cylinder, a bracket and a limit switch. Wherein, the fixed pulley is arranged at the center of the top end of the bracket; the cylinder is fixed on the lower surface of the support beam; one end of the fixed pulley steel wire is fixed on the cross beam of the bracket, and the other end of the fixed pulley steel wire is fixedly connected with the connecting ring of the upper chuck; respectively clamping two ends of a workpiece in an upper chuck and a lower chuck; the counterweight is suspended below the lower chuck; the output end of the power supply is respectively communicated with the two ends of the bar material through wires; the limit switch is arranged on the vertical rod of the bracket, and the specific position of the limit switch is determined according to the elongation of the rod in the straightening process.
The invention also provides a method for straightening the bar, which comprises the following steps:
G＝σTS×A (1)
wherein G is the weight gravity, A is the cross-sectional area of the bar material, sigmaTSDetermining the strength of the bar at 1000-1100 ℃ according to the mechanical property of the bar at 800-1200 DEG CTSStrength at 1000-1100 ℃; according to the formula
(1) Calculating to obtain weight gravity, and dividing by 9.8 to obtain weight;
the stretching length was calculated as the following formula (2):
L＝L1+L2＝αΔTL0+L0(1+0.01) (2)
wherein L is the total length of the hot straightened product L1Elongation of the material due to thermal expansion, L2For material length changes caused by stretching, L0The original length of the material, alpha is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material, and delta T is the straightening temperature; the straightening temperature is 1000-1100 ℃.
And 5, naturally cooling to room temperature, and discharging.
When the device is used, a metal straight strip material is clamped between an upper chuck and a lower chuck, two ends of the metal straight strip material are connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a power supply, the lower chuck is connected with a loading counterweight, an air cylinder is started, the position of the upper chuck is adjusted, and a limit switch is installed according to the calculated stretching length. After the heating device is prepared, the power supply is started to heat, the product is stretched along with the temperature rise, and after the product is stretched to a certain size, the limit switch is triggered to stop heating. Naturally cooling to room temperature, and discharging.
According to the invention, the limit switch is installed according to the calculated stretching length, and the power supply is controlled by the limit switch, so that the factors such as heating time, tension, straightening temperature, straightening extension length and the like do not need to be considered in the straightening process, and the operation is simple. The material is heated by a high-power low-voltage large-current power supply, so that the strength of the material is reduced, the thermal straightening precision is higher, thermal residual stress does not exist in the straightened material, the straightening precision is stable, and the straightening cannot rebound. The invention is mainly used for straightening metal wires, rods and sectional materials with the same cross section area, and is particularly suitable for metal materials with higher resistivity, such as titanium, niobium, stainless steel and high-speed steel, and metal materials with high room temperature strength and lower plasticity. The method is characterized by high straightening precision, simple equipment structure and operation method, less surface oxidation of the short-time heating material and small residual stress in the material after thermal straightening.
Description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention. Wherein,
1. power supply 2, counterweight 3, lower chuck 4, upper chuck 5, cylinder 6 and support
7. Limit switch 8, fixed pulley
Fifth, detailed description of the invention
Example one
This example is a straightening device for titanium alloy bars, and the material to be straightened is TC4 titanium alloy. The length of the straightening sample is 3m, the diameter is phi 10mm, and hot rolling rough grinding processing is carried out before straightening.
The embodiment comprises a power supply 1, a counterweight 2, a lower chuck 3, an upper chuck 4, a cylinder 5, a bracket 6, a limit switch 7 and a fixed pulley 8. Wherein, the lower chuck 3 and the upper chuck 4 both adopt three-jaw chucks for lathes; and connecting rings are arranged at the centers of the outer surfaces of the disc bottoms of the lower chuck 3 and the upper chuck 4. The power supply 1 adopts a low-voltage power adjustable power supply with the maximum power of 25 KW; the cylinder 5 and the limit switch 7 are both finished products.
The bracket 6 is of a rod piece structure, is formed by assembling and welding angle steel and is fixed on the ground; a fixed cross beam is arranged in the middle of the bracket 6. A fixed pulley 8 is arranged at the center of the top end of the bracket 6; the cylinder 5 is fixed on the lower surface of the cross beam of the bracket 6. One end of a steel wire of the fixed pulley 8 is fixed on the beam of the bracket 6, and the other end of the steel wire of the fixed pulley 8 is fixedly connected with the connecting ring of the upper chuck 4. Respectively clamping two ends of a titanium alloy bar in an upper chuck 4 and a lower chuck 3; the counterweight 2 is suspended below the lower cartridge 3. The output end of the power supply is respectively communicated with the two ends of the bar material through wires. The limit switch 7 is arranged on the vertical rod of the bracket 6, and the specific position of the limit switch is determined according to the elongation of the bar in the straightening process.
The embodiment also provides a method for straightening the titanium alloy bar, which comprises the following steps:
G＝σTS×A (1)
wherein G is the weight gravity, A is the cross-sectional area of the bar material, sigmaTSDetermining the strength of the TC4 material at 1000 ℃ according to the high-temperature mechanical property of the TC4 materialTS25MPa at 1000 ℃; calculating to obtain the weight gravity, and dividing by 9.8 to obtain 235Kg of weight;
the stretching length was calculated as the following formula (2):
L＝L1+L2＝αΔTL0+L0(1+0.01) (2)
wherein L is the total length of the hot straightened product L1Elongation of the material due to thermal expansion, L2For material length changes caused by stretching, L0Is 3m of the original length of the material, and alpha is the thermal expansion coefficient of the material and is 10 multiplied by 10-6/° c, and Δ T is the straightening temperature 1000 ℃.
In the embodiment, the weight of the counterweight is estimated to be 235Kg, the calculation result of the longest elongation in the straightening process is 59.5mm, and the position of the limit switch is determined; the position of the limit switch is located 59.5mm from the bottom surface of the lower chuck.
And 5, naturally cooling to room temperature, and discharging.
After detection and straightening, the straightness of the TC4 bar is within 1 per mill, and the diameter of the bar is reduced by about 0.05 mm.
Example two
This example is a device for hot straightening of molybdenum rods, the material to be straightened being Mo1 pure molybdenum rods. The length of the straightening sample is 3m, the diameter is phi 6mm, and the hot drawing processed product is obtained before straightening.
The embodiment comprises a power supply 1, a counterweight 2, a lower chuck 3, an upper chuck 4, a cylinder 5, a bracket 6, a limit switch 7 and a fixed pulley 8. Wherein, the lower chuck 3 and the upper chuck 4 both adopt three-jaw chucks for lathes; and connecting rings are arranged at the centers of the outer surfaces of the disc bottoms of the lower chuck 3 and the upper chuck 4. The power supply 1 adopts a low-voltage power adjustable power supply with the maximum power of 25 KW; the cylinder 5 and the limit switch 7 are both finished products.
The bracket 6 is of a rod piece structure, is formed by assembling and welding angle steel and is fixed on the ground; a fixed cross beam is arranged in the middle of the bracket 6. A fixed pulley 8 is arranged at the center of the top end of the bracket 6; the cylinder 5 is fixed on the lower surface of the cross beam of the bracket 6. One end of a steel wire of the fixed pulley 8 is fixed on the beam of the bracket 6, and the other end of the steel wire of the fixed pulley 8 is fixedly connected with the connecting ring of the upper chuck 4. Respectively clamping two ends of a titanium alloy bar in an upper chuck 4 and a lower chuck 3; the counterweight 2 is suspended below the lower cartridge 3. The output end of the power supply is respectively communicated with the two ends of the bar material through wires. The limit switch 7 is arranged on the vertical rod of the bracket 6, and the specific position of the limit switch is determined according to the elongation of the bar in the straightening process.
The present embodiment also proposes a method for hot straightening a molybdenum rod, comprising the steps of:
G＝σTS×A (1)
wherein G is the weight gravity, A is the cross-sectional area of the bar material, sigmaTSThe yield strength of the Mo1 material at 1000 ℃ is 100 MPa; calculating to obtain 290Kg of weight;
the stretching length was calculated as the following formula (2):
L＝L1+L2＝αΔTL0+L0(1+0.01) (2)
wherein L is the total length of the hot straightened product L1Elongation of the material due to thermal expansion, L2Length of material under tensile load, L0Alpha is the material thermal expansion coefficient 6 x 10, being the original length of the material-6/° c,. delta.t is the thermal straightening temperature 1000 ℃.
In the embodiment, the weight of the counterweight is estimated to be 290Kg, the calculation result of the longest elongation in the straightening process is 48mm, and the position of the limit switch is determined; the position of the limit switch is 48mm from the bottom surface of the lower chuck.
And 5, naturally cooling to room temperature, and discharging.
The straightness of the Mo1 bar is within 1 per mill after the bar is straightened by detection, and the diameter of the bar is reduced by about 0.03 mm.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment is used for a hot straightening device for stainless steel bars, and the material is 1Cr18Ni9, the length is 2.5m, and the diameter is phi 20 mm. The material processing state is a state that the surface is bright and the diameter is 1 percent after the material is rolled and is scalped by a centerless vehicle. In order to obtain a rod material with a precision grade of h7 for further finish machining, the rod material must be straightened so that the straightness thereof is controlled within 1 per thousand.
The embodiment comprises a power supply 1, a counterweight 2, a lower chuck 3, an upper chuck 4, a cylinder 5, a bracket 6, a limit switch 7 and a fixed pulley 8. Wherein, the lower chuck 3 and the upper chuck 4 both adopt three-jaw chucks for lathes; and connecting rings are arranged at the centers of the outer surfaces of the disc bottoms of the lower chuck 3 and the upper chuck 4. The power supply 1 adopts a low-voltage power adjustable power supply with the maximum power of 25 KW; the cylinder 5 and the limit switch 7 are both finished products.
The bracket 6 is of a rod piece structure, is formed by assembling and welding angle steel and is fixed on the ground; a fixed cross beam is arranged in the middle of the bracket 6. A fixed pulley 8 is arranged at the center of the top end of the bracket 6; the cylinder 5 is fixed on the lower surface of the cross beam of the bracket 6. One end of a steel wire of the fixed pulley 8 is fixed on the beam of the bracket 6, and the other end of the steel wire of the fixed pulley 8 is fixedly connected with the connecting ring of the upper chuck 4. Respectively clamping two ends of a titanium alloy bar in an upper chuck 4 and a lower chuck 3; the counterweight 2 is suspended below the lower cartridge 3. The output end of the power supply is respectively communicated with the two ends of the bar material through wires. The limit switch 7 is arranged on the vertical rod of the bracket 6, and the specific position of the limit switch is determined according to the elongation of the bar in the straightening process.
The embodiment also provides a method for thermally straightening the stainless steel bar at high temperature, which comprises the following steps:
G＝σTS×A (1)
wherein G is the weight gravity, A is the cross-sectional area of the bar material, sigmaTSThe yield strength of the stainless steel at 1100 ℃ is 15MPa, and the weight is calculated to be 480 Kg;
the stretching length was calculated as the following formula (2):
L＝L1+L2＝αATL0+L0(1+0.01) (2)
wherein L is the total length of the hot straightened product L1Elongation of the material due to thermal expansion, L2For the length of the rod under tensile load, L0The thermal expansion coefficient of the material with alpha being 1Cr18Ni9 is 18.6 multiplied by 10 for the original length of the material-6/deg.C, is the thermal straightening temperature 1100 deg.C.
In the embodiment, the weight of the counterweight is calculated to be 480Kg, the calculation result of the longest elongation in the straightening process is 76.5mm, and the position of the limit switch is determined; the position of the limit switch is located 76.5mm from the bottom surface of the lower chuck.
And 5, naturally cooling to room temperature, and discharging.
The straightness of the straightened 1Cr18Ni9 bar is within 1 per mill, the expected effect is achieved, and the diameter of the bar is reduced by about 0.1 mm.
Claims (2)
1. A resistance thermal tension straightening device comprises a pair of chucks and a bracket, and is characterized by further comprising a power supply (1), a cylinder (5), a fixed pulley (8), a counterweight (2) and a limit switch (7); the fixed pulley (8) is arranged at the center of the top end of the bracket (6); the cylinder (5) is fixed on the lower surface of the cross beam of the bracket (6); one end of a steel wire of the fixed pulley (8) is fixed on a beam of the bracket (6), and the other end of the steel wire of the fixed pulley (8) is fixedly connected with a connecting ring of the upper chuck (4); clamping two ends of a workpiece in an upper chuck (4) and a lower chuck (3) respectively; the counterweight (2) is suspended below the lower chuck (3); the output end of the power supply (1) is respectively communicated with the two ends of the bar material through wires; the limit switch (7) is arranged on the vertical rod of the bracket (6), and the specific position of the limit switch is determined according to the elongation of the bar in the straightening process.
2. A method of using the resistive thermal tension leveler of claim 1 wherein the method of straightening includes the steps of:
step 1, estimating the weight of a counterweight (2) and the stretching length of a bar; the weight of the counterweight (2) is estimated according to the following formula (1):
G＝σTS×A (1)
wherein G is the weight gravity, A is the cross-sectional area of the bar material, sigmaTSDetermining the strength of the bar at 1000-1100 ℃ according to the mechanical property of the bar at 800-1200 DEG CTSStrength at 1000-1100 ℃; calculating according to the formula (1) to obtain weight gravity, and dividing by 9.8 to obtain weight;
the stretching length was calculated as the following formula (2):
L＝L1+L2＝αΔTL0+L0(1+0.01) (2)
wherein L is the total length of the hot straightened product L1Elongation of the material due to thermal expansion, L2For material length changes caused by stretching, L0The original length of the material, alpha is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material, and delta T is the straightening temperature; the straightening temperature is 1000-1100 ℃;
step 2, clamping the bar; the bar is clamped between the upper chuck (4) and the lower chuck (3); two ends of the bar are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of a power supply (1);
step 3, installing a counterweight (2) and a limit switch (7); the lower chuck (3) is connected with a loading counterweight (2), an air cylinder (5) is started, the position of the upper chuck (4) is adjusted, and a limit switch (7) is installed according to the calculated stretching length result;
step 4, straightening the bar; starting a power supply (1) to heat, and when the bar is heated to the temperature near the phase change point, stretching the bar; when the bar is stretched to a preset length, the lower chuck (3) triggers a limit switch (7), and the heating is stopped when the power is off;
and 5, naturally cooling to room temperature, and discharging.
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| US10094003B2 (en) | 2015-01-12 | 2018-10-09 | Ati Properties Llc | Titanium alloy |
| US11851734B2 (en) | 2015-01-12 | 2023-12-26 | Ati Properties Llc | Titanium alloy |
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