CN101610759A - 由跨膜肽组成的自组装纳米颗粒及其用于特异性肿瘤内递送抗癌药物的应用 - Google Patents
由跨膜肽组成的自组装纳米颗粒及其用于特异性肿瘤内递送抗癌药物的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种处理疏水性试剂的方法,该方法包括(a)在水溶液中混合(i)疏水性试剂和(ii)分离的肽,即膜内在蛋白质的跨膜结构域的结构类似物,其中该肽的一端具有一个或多个带负电的残基,和(b)容许所述肽自组装成纳米颗粒,其中该纳米颗粒包含所述疏水性试剂。
Description
发明背景
脂质体作为用于施用疏水性试剂和用于减轻与抗癌药物如多柔比星、长春新碱、两性霉素和类视色素的施用相关的毒副作用的递送系统,已经在临床上和实验上被评价。脂质体递送的潜在优点包括由于特异性靶向而增加的活性、在靶点处的药物的螯合作用(sequestration)、防止药物迅速代谢、由于各脂质体中包裹许多药物分子而增强的治疗效果、以及由于药物动力学改变而降低的毒性。
与“裸”药相比,抗癌剂的脂质体制剂已经显示出具有降低的毒性和增强的功效。已有多个抗肿瘤剂的脂质体剂型被FDA批准用于抗癌治疗。然而,脂质体制造难以工业化、以及脂质体缺乏稳定性和再现性妨碍了脂质体更广泛的应用。
需要另一种这样的递送系统用于施用疏水性试剂如抗癌剂,所述递送系统显示出脂质体的有利的性能、以及优良的稳定性、均一性、易于应用和制备再现性,而且提供比脂质体更小尺寸的颗粒。本发明提供这样的递送系统和应用该系统的方法(例如,用于将疏水性试剂如抗癌剂递送至受试者)。本发明的这些及其它的目的和优点、以及另外的发明特征,从本文中提供的发明描述来看应该是显而易见的。
发明概述
本发明提供一种处理疏水性试剂的方法,该方法包括(a)在水溶液中混合(i)疏水性试剂和(ii)分离的肽,即膜内在蛋白质的跨膜结构域的结构类似物,其中所述肽的一端具有一个或多个带负电的残基,和(b)容许所述肽自组装成纳米颗粒,其中纳米颗粒包含所述疏水性试剂。
附图的若干视图的简述
图1为荧光发射强度(a.u.)对比纳米颗粒浓度(mg/ml)的图,所述纳米颗粒包含SEQ ID NO:1-PEG11(以圆表示)或SEQ ID NO:1-PEG38(以空方形表示)。
图2为波长最大值(nm)对比纳米颗粒浓度(μM)的图,所述纳米颗粒包含SEQ ID NO:1-PEG11(以圆表示)或SEQ ID NO:1-PEG38(以空方形表示)。
图3为静脉注射一百万MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞的三组裸鼠存活百分比(%)对比治疗天数的图。在静脉注射乳腺癌细胞的第二天和持续每周两次,分别对小鼠腹膜内注射:(1)只有PBS(对照组);(2)3mg/kg溶于PBS中的SEQ ID NO:1-PEG27的纳米颗粒(X4-4-6,3mg/kg);或(3)12mg/kg溶于PBS的SEQ ID NO:1-PEG27的纳米颗粒(X4-4-6,12mg/kg)。
图4表示用高分辨率NMR确定的纳米颗粒(SEQ ID NO:1-PEG27)内的CXCR4肽的结构。
发明详述
本发明涉及由膜内在蛋白质的跨膜(TM)结构域组成的自组装纳米颗粒用于递送疏水性试剂如抗癌剂的用途。膜内在蛋白质的TM结构域以前被认为是高疏水性肽(参见,例如,国际专利申请公开WO 99/43711和WO01/36477和美国专利7,105,488)。然而,令人惊奇地发现,当置于水溶液中时,相应于膜内在蛋白质TM结构域的肽自组装成稳定的纳米颗粒(微团)。
纳米颗粒是通过让分离的肽即膜内在蛋白质的TM结构域的结构类似物自组装成纳米颗粒而形成的。“TM结构域的结构类似物”(本文中称“TM肽”)指与膜内在蛋白质的TM结构域的一部分相同或基本上相同的肽。TM肽优选包含至少约10个与膜内在蛋白质的TM结构域的氨基酸序列相同或基本上相同的氨基酸(例如,约11、约12、约13、约14、约15、约16、约17、约18、约19、约20、约21、约22、约23、约24、约25、约26、约27、约28、约29、约30、约31、约32、约33、约34、约35、约36、约37、约38、约39、约40、约41、约42、约43、约44、约45、约46、约47、约48、约49、约50,或其范围)。“基本上相同的”TM肽包括膜内在蛋白质TM结构域的一部分的一个或多个(例如,2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15,或其范围)保守氨基酸置换。
TM肽期望具有一个含一个或多个带负电的残基(例如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或更多,及其范围)的末端。当末端包含多于一个带负电的残基时,优选地,带负电的残基是连续的。负电荷可由任何适宜的方式提供,如由在肽的一末端存在天冬氨酸或谷氨酸残基提供(例如,通过增加残基)。用正电荷置换负电荷会导致形成具有高度变化的直径的较大颗粒。因此,尽管不希望受任何特定理论的束缚,但还是认为带负电残基的存在(例如,两个天冬氨酸残基)使纳米颗粒在形状和尺寸上均一。优选地,负电荷存在于肽的C-末端。
尽管不希望受任何特定的理论束缚,但还是认为TM肽通过在水溶液中形成β-环结构而自组装。该环通过与淀粉状原纤维中的淀粉状肽的机制相类的机理连接。负电荷和短C-末端α-螺旋迫使TM肽纳米结构弯曲并限定其圆形形状。通过高分辨率NMR显示的纳米颗粒中CXCR4肽的结构,如图4所示。
优选地,TM肽与疏水性试剂如抗癌剂组合,然后使该抗癌剂包含在纳米颗粒的疏水性中心内。使疏水性试剂包载(entrapment)在纳米颗粒中允许向受试者施用生理条件下通常不溶的疏水性试剂(例如,抗癌剂),其中该试剂由于增加的渗透性和保留效应在肿瘤内浓缩。
因此,本发明涉及一种处理疏水性试剂的方法,该方法包括(a)在水溶液中组合(i)疏水性试剂和(ii)分离的肽,即膜内在蛋白质的跨膜结构域的结构类似物,其中所述肽的一端具有一个或多个带负电的残基,和(b)容许所述肽自组装成纳米颗粒,其中所述纳米颗粒包含该疏水性试剂。
TM肽还可包含亲水性低聚物,如聚乙二醇(PEG)、十一烷乙二醇(undecaethylene glycol)、聚苯乙烯、聚氨基酸(例如,聚甘氨酸)、及其组合。优选地,将亲水性树脂加至含负电荷的同一端。尽管不希望受任何特定的理论束缚,但还是认为将亲水性低聚物加到TM肽上阻止聚集并促进均一形状和尺寸的颗粒的形成,所述颗粒理想地适合于例如肿瘤渗透。
加到TM肽上的亲水性低聚物可以为任何适宜的长度。当添加的亲水性低聚物为PEG时,优选使用PEG5或更大的PEG(例如PEG10、PEG11、PEG12、PEG15、PEG20、PEG25、PEG27、PEG30、PEG35、PEG38、PEG39、PEG40、PEG45,及其范围)。理想地,PEG由约12至约27个单体单位组成。当所添加的亲水性低聚物为聚甘氨酸时,优选使用3或更大的(例如4、5、6、7、8、9、10、15、20、25、30、35,或其范围)聚甘氨酸。理想地,使用约10至约20个残基的聚甘氨酸。值得注意的是,与相似长度的PEG尾相比,聚甘氨酸尾在降低聚集上更有效。
纳米颗粒可以具有任何适宜的直径。优选地,纳米颗粒的直径为约3nm-约50nm(例如,约4nm、约5nm、约6nm、约7nm、约8nm、约9nm、约10nm、约11nm、约12nm、约13nm、约14nm、约15nm、约16nm、约17nm、约18nm、约19nm、约20nm、约25nm、约30nm、约35nm、约40nm、约45nm,及其范围)。更优选地,纳米颗粒的直径为约8nm至约20nm。
形成纳米颗粒的TM肽可以为任何适宜的长度。优选地,TM肽包含约10至约50个氨基酸(例如,约11、约12、约13、约14、约15、约16、约17、约18、约19、约20、约21、约22、约23、约24、约25、约26、约27、约28、约29、约30、约31、约32、约33、约34、约35、约36、约37、约38、约39、约40、约41、约42、约43、约44、约45个氨基酸,或其范围)的长度。在更优选的实施方案中,TM肽为长度约10至约30(例如,约15至约30)个氨基酸。在甚至更优选的实施方案中,TM肽为长度约20至约25个氨基酸,和在最优选的实施方案中,TM聚肽为长度约22至约25个氨基酸。如实施例3所示,纳米颗粒的聚集随着TM肽长度的减小而减少。
TM肽可以是任何适宜的膜内在蛋白质的一部分。适宜的膜内在蛋白质的实例包括G蛋白-偶联受体(GPCR)家族成员,如CXCR4,CCR5,CCKAR,多巴胺转运体(DAT),D1多巴胺受体(D1DR),D2多巴胺受体,α1-肾上腺素能受体,β1-肾上腺素能受体,β2-肾上腺素能受体,以及V2血管升压素受体(参见,例如,Herbert等人,J.Biol.Chem.(生物化学杂志),271:16384-16392(1996);George等人,J.Biol.Chem.(生物化学杂志),273:30244-30248(1998);Tarasova等人,J.Biol.Chem.(生物化学杂志),274(49):34911-34915(1999);和George等人,J Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.(药理学试验治疗杂志),307:481-489(2003);美国专利7,105,488;和国际专利申请公布WO 99/43711),以及ABC转运体蛋白,如P-糖蛋白(P-gp或MDR1)、MRP1、MRP2和BCRP/ABCG2(参见,例如,Tarasova等人,J.Med.Chem.(医学化学杂志),48:3768-3775(2005);国际专利申请公布WO01/36477)。
由某些受体和转运体的TM结构域构建的纳米颗粒具有其自身的生物学活性,如抑制转移和/或血管生成的能力(例如,CXCR4TM结构域)或抑制癌细胞的抗药性的能力(P-gp和ABCG2TM结构域)。因而,本发明的纳米颗粒可以单独施用或与包载在纳米颗粒疏水性中心内的疏水性试剂一起施用。当纳米颗粒与疏水性试剂(例如,抗癌剂)一起施用时,两种生物活性试剂(纳米颗粒本身和包载的疏水性试剂)的组合提供双重活性的优点。换言之,与脂质体仅仅提供递送装置不同,本发明的纳米颗粒具有其自身的活性,如降低癌细胞的抗药性、抑制癌细胞的移动、以及抑制肿瘤环境中血管的生长。
适宜的TM肽包括国际专利申请公开WO 99/43711和WO 01/36477和美国专利7,105,488中描述的那些,以及
Leu-Leu-Phe-Val-Ile-Thr-Leu-Pro-Phe-Trp-Ala-Val-Asp-Ala-Val-Ala-Asn-Trp-Tyr-Phe-Gly-Asn-Asp-Asp(SEQ ID NO:1;CXCR4-8),
Asp-Asp-Thr-Arg-Tyr-Ala-Tyr-Tyr-Tyr-Ser-Gly-Ile-Gly-Ala-Gly-Val-Leu-Val-Ala-Ala-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Val-Ser(SEQ ID NO:2;MDR1-2),
Leu-Ile-Tyr-Ala-Ser-Tyr-Ala-Leu-Ala-Phe-Trp-Tyr-Gly-Thr-Thr-Leu-Val-Leu-Ser-Gly-Glu-Gly-Ser-Asp-Asp(SEQ ID NO:3;MDR1-5),
Asp-Ser-Phe-Glu-Asp-Val-Leu-Leu-Val-Phe-Ser-Ala-Val-Val-Phe-Gly-Ala-Met-Ala-Val-Gly-Gln-Val(SEQ ID NO:4;MDR1-12),和
Ile-Phe-Gly-Ile-Thr-Phe-Ser-Phe-Thr-Gln-Ala-Met-Met-Tyr-Phe-Ser-Tyr-Ala-Gly-Cys-Phe-Asp-Asp(SEQ ID NO:5;MDR1-11).
任何适宜的疏水性试剂都可以与纳米颗粒一起使用。适宜的疏水性试剂包括制药学上、农业上或工业上可以使用的那些。这些包括生物学活性或否则有效分子、药物、显象剂、和制造用的试剂、以及所述物质的前体和前药。优选的疏水性试剂是在人及其它活体如人中具有生物活性或其它效用的那些。这些包括作为医学中的治疗剂的试剂。这类试剂的实例包括止痛剂和抗炎剂、麻醉剂、抗肾上腺素能药和抗心律失常药、抗生素、抗胆碱能药和拟胆碱试剂、抗惊厥剂、抗抑郁药、抗癫痫剂、抗真菌剂和抗病毒剂、抗高血压剂、抗毒蕈碱剂和毒蕈碱剂、抗肿瘤剂(即,抗癌剂)、精神抑制剂、抗焦虑药、激素、催眠药和镇静剂、免疫抑制剂和免疫激活剂、精神抑制剂、神经元阻断剂和营养素、以及它们的组合。
优选地,用于本发明方法中的疏水性试剂为抗癌剂。适宜的抗癌剂包括紫杉烷类(例如,紫杉醇和多西他赛)、多柔比星、长春新碱、两性霉素、顺铂、卡铂、类视色素、咪唑并吖啶酮(imidazoacridone)、二咪唑并吖啶酮(bisimidazoacridone)、喜树碱、托泊替康、格尔德霉素、依托泊苷、azonifide及其组合。
纳米颗粒可包括靶向剂(例如,配体或细胞受体)以将纳米颗粒指向特定的部位。例如,与在肿瘤细胞中过表达的细胞表面受体结合的配体可加到纳米颗粒中以靶向特定的肿瘤细胞。适宜的配体包括,例如,结合表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、促生长素抑制素受体(SSTR)、胰岛素样生长因子受体、叶酸-受体、HER2受体、白细胞介素-13受体、胃泌素-释放肽受体、CD30、血管活性肠肽受体、胃泌素受体、前列腺-特异性抗原和雌激素受体的抗体和多肽。
本发明的方法还可包括将包含疏水性试剂(例如,抗癌剂)的纳米颗粒施用于受试者。适宜的受试者包括哺乳动物,如小鼠,大鼠,兔,雪貂,豚鼠,仓鼠,猫,狗,猪,山羊,牛,马,灵长类动物和人。
纳米颗粒可单独施用或以组合物的形式施用。当纳米颗粒以组合物施用时,该组合物优选为药物(例如,生理学上可接受的)组合物。组合物包含载体(例如,药学上或生理学上可接受的载体)和纳米颗粒。任何适宜的载体(例如,水、盐水和PBS)都可以在本发明的范围内使用,且这类载体是本领域公知的。载体的选择将部分取决于组合物欲施用的特定部位和用于施用组合物的特定方法。适宜的载体、以及适用于本发明组合物中的其它成分,是本领域已知的(例如,Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences(雷明顿制药科学),第17版,(马克出版公司(Mack Publishing Company),费城,Pa.:1985))。另外,组合物可包含其它活性试剂,如抗癌剂。
纳米颗粒及其组合物可施用于受试者以治疗或预防特定的病症和疾病。例如,当疏水性试剂为抗癌药物时,本发明包括癌症的化学疗法治疗,如通过抑制肿瘤生长(例如,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵入或转移,减缓肿瘤的生长,完全停止肿瘤的生长,和缩小肿瘤的尺寸)的方法以及通过抑制癌细胞形成抗药性的能力来促进癌症(例如,肿瘤细胞)对药物的敏感性的方法的化学疗法治疗。本领域的技术人员可基于待治疗或预防的疾病或病症容易地确定包含在纳米颗粒中的具体的疏水性试剂(例如,抗癌剂)。优选地,所述疾病或病症为癌症,如肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、头部及颈部癌、卵巢癌、皮肤癌、睾丸癌、胰腺癌、食道癌、结肠直肠癌、肾癌、子宫颈癌、胃肠道癌症,及其组合。
纳米颗粒或其组合物优选地以治疗有效量施用于受试者。治疗有效量指治疗或预防特定的疾病或病症所需的纳米颗粒的量。例如,当纳米颗粒包含抗癌剂时,治疗有效量指癌症的化学疗法治疗,如抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵入或转移,抑制肿瘤生长、和/或通过抑制癌细胞形成抗药性的能力来抑制癌症对药物的敏感性所需的包含抗癌剂的纳米颗粒的量。纳米颗粒或其组合物的适宜剂量取决于包含在纳米颗粒疏水性中心内的特定抗癌剂和/或形成纳米颗粒的特定TM肽。
任何给药途径都可用于将纳米颗粒递送到受试者。适宜的给药途径包括肌肉注射、经皮给药、吸入、局部施用于组织(例如,肿瘤组织),肿瘤内给药和肠胃外给药(例如,静脉内、腹膜、动脉内、皮下、直肠、或阴道给药)。适宜的给药途径可由医生或研究人员容易地确定。皮下给药可以导致纳米颗粒由注射位点缓慢扩散,其中静脉内给药可以导致纳米颗粒迅速扩散和迅速通过肾清除。
以下实施例进一步说明本发明,但是,当然不应当理解为以任何方式限制其范围。
实施例1
该实施例证明本发明的纳米颗粒具有均一的形状和直径。
合成包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:1、SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:4和SEQ ID NO:5的肽。另外,合成包含氨基酸序列Leu-Leu-Phe-Val-Ile-Thr-Leu-Pro-Phe-Trp-Ala-Val-Asp-Ala-Val-Ala-Asn-Trp-Tyr-Phe-Gly-Asn-Lys-Lys(SEQ ID NO:6)的肽,其以两个带正电荷的赖氨酸残基替换SEQ ID NO:1末端的两个带负电的天冬氨酸残基。
将肽溶解在DMSO中得到32mg/ml溶液。DMSO储液用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)稀释以制备0.05-0.5mg/ml溶液。将2μl的样品直接涂在显微镜栅上,风干,用0.5%(w/v)四氧化锇(OsO4)染色,并用Hitachi H-7000电子显微镜显现。
如通过透射电子显微术所证明地,所有具有带负电的末端的肽产生小纳米颗粒(直径4-15nm)。然而,纳米颗粒形成更高级别的聚集体。更高级别的结构的形态针对不同序列而不同,并显示出显著程度的差异。
以正电荷置换负电荷(如在SEQ ID NO:6中)导致形成具有高度变化的直径的更大的颗粒。因此,TM肽一端存在带负电的残基导致相对均一形状和直径的纳米颗粒的形成。
实施例2
本实施例证明添加亲水性低聚物影响纳米颗粒聚集。
将亲水性低聚物加入到具有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:1的TM肽中以形成下面的产物:SEQ ID NO:1-PEG11;SEQ ID NO:1-PEG27;SEQ IDNO:1-PEG38;和SEQ ID NO:1-GGGGG。
为了形成具有亲水性低聚物(例如,PEG)的肽,在ABI 433肽合成仪上使Fmoc酰胺树脂(应用生物系统(Applied Biosystem))脱保护。将1克的Fmoc-NH-(PEG)11-COOH(NovaBiochem)或Fmoc-NH-(PEG)27-COOH(NovaBiochem)溶于10ml N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)中,并通过加入等摩尔量的处在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的0.5M的HBTU/HOBt(O-苯并三唑-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-脲鎓-六氟-磷酸盐/1-羟基-苯并三唑)来活化。将脱保护的树脂(80%摩尔,相对于PEG)加入到活化的PEG中并置于振荡器上18小时。对于较长的PEG分子,如Fmoc-NH-(PEG)38-COOH,重复从合成仪上脱保护开始的操作。PPEG38通过顺序偶联PEG 11和PEG27而获得。含所需长度的PEG分子的树脂用NMP和二氯甲烷洗涤,干燥,并用于随后构建TM结构域链,所述构建是通过利用Fmoc氨基酸衍生物在配备有电导监测单元的433A应用生物系统(Applied Biosystems)肽合成仪上进行固相肽合成进行的。由于所有的肽含有在脱保护过程中进行哌啶处理时易于形成天冬氨酰胺的Asp残基,因而将合成仪程序重调以使用含0.25M HOBt的NMP中的50%哌啶。校准溶剂递送时间,从而在脱保护过程中获得0.1M的HOBt最终浓度。
加入HOBt完全阻止天冬酰胺形成,天冬酰胺的形成通常伴随质谱上出现具有-18和+60(哌啶加成物)分子量的产物。以含5%水、5%苯硫基甲烷(thioanisol)和2.5%三异丙基硅烷(TIS)的87.5%三氟乙酸将肽从树脂中裂解,用冷乙醚沉淀,用醚洗涤5次,并在真空中干燥过夜。溶解在DMF中的肽通过HPLC在制备型(19x250mm)Atlantis C3反相柱(Agilent,PaloAlto,CA)上以0.05%三氟乙酸的水溶液和含0.05%三氟乙酸的乙腈进行梯度纯化。各级分在Agilent 1100系列仪器(Agilent,Palo Alto,CA)上采用Zobax C3 Poroshell柱和水和乙腈中0.1乙酸的梯度通过离子-喷雾LC/MS进行分析。仅将含高于95%的纯产物的级分合并和冷冻干燥。其纯度和结构在Zorbax C3分析柱上分离的条件下通过离子-喷雾LC/MS进一步证实。
期望长度的聚甘氨酸低聚物在肽合成仪上利用标准Fmoc-方案在HBTU/HOBt活化的条件下通过逐步合成组装。预装载的Gly-树脂(应用生物系统(Applied Biosystems))用于该合成中。
为了确定亲水性尾部长度对纳米颗粒聚集的影响,通过多角光散射确定具有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:1;SEQ ID NO:1-PEG11;SEQ ID NO:1-PEG27;SEQ ID NO:1-PEG38;和SEQ ID NO:1-GGGGG的TM肽的聚集度。
将肽溶解于DMSO中并用0.1M Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 7.2)稀释得到0.4mg/ml肽溶液。该溶液用于进一步稀释。DMSO的终浓度为2.5%或1.25%(对于该系列中所有的稀释保持恒定)。将样品以最大量强度超声处理10分钟并保持在室温下过夜(测定前约20小时)。第二天,将样品以13200rpm离心30分钟。
通过DAWN EOS多角检测器(怀亚特技术公司(Wyatt TechnologyCorp.),Santa Barbara,CA)以690nm波长的激光进行光散射(LS)研究。LS检测器与Agilent 1100HPLC系统(Agilent技术(Agilent Technologies),Palo Alto,CA)连接。MALS检测器以HPLC级的甲苯,99.8%(奥尔德里奇化学(Aldrich Chemicals),Milwaukee,WI)校准,其通过0.02μM Anotop-25无机膜过滤器过滤然后以清蛋白(牛)98%单体(西格玛化学(SigmaChemicals),St.Louis,MO)标准化。收集数据并利用Astra软件(怀亚特技术公司(Wyatt Technology Corp);4.90.04版)处理。
为了确定肽聚集物的分子量和聚集状态,进行LS小批量测量。简而言之,溶剂通过HPLC系统递送,以0.05ml/min的流速绕过柱室。具有不同肽浓度的900μl样品通过HPLC自动取样器注入。分析4种肽浓度(即,0.05mg/ml,0.1mg/ml,0.2mg/ml和0.4mg/ml)。由重量测定确定浓度,因为强的光散射使得传统的UV-吸光度测定不准确。收集各种浓度的LS信号。利用具有Debye图表和Zimm方程式的Astra软件分别测定各种浓度的分子量。挑选最小误差的单份收集的信号用于各浓度下的分子量计算。
结果如表1所示。
表1.亲水性尾部长度对纳米颗粒聚集的影响。
其中N为聚集度(分子数/颗粒)。
如表1给出的数据所示,纳米颗粒的聚集随PEG长度的增加而减少。两种类型的亲水性尾部(即,PEG和聚氨基酸)都有效地减少纳米颗粒的聚集。PEG比相似长度的聚甘氨酸有效性低。此外,聚胺酸延长是有利的,因为它们是生物可降解的,因而在微调纳米颗粒与细胞膜融合能力方面提供更大的灵活性。
另外,对靶向抗药性相关的转运体ABCG2的纳米颗粒进行的结构-活性研究提示PEG长度的延长超过27个单位损害肽抑制剂的生物活性,大概是干扰了膜融合引起的。因此,理想的具有双重活性的纳米颗粒具有足以防止形成大的超结构的长度的亲水性尾部,但是该尾部应该在靶组织(例如,肿瘤)中减小尺寸(降解)以允许膜融合,使得形成纳米颗粒的TM肽可以对靶膜蛋白发挥其抑制作用(例如,抑制癌细胞的抗药性,抑制肿瘤环境中血管的生长,或抑制肿瘤细胞的移动),并可以释放结合的疏水性试剂(例如,细胞毒性药物)。
实施例3
本实施例证明TM肽的长度影响纳米颗粒聚集。
为了确定TM肽的长度对纳米颗粒聚集的影响,通过多角光散射确定SEQ ID NO:1-PEG27;SEQ ID NO:7-PEG27;SEQ ID NO:8-PEG27;和SEQ ID NO:9-PEG27的TM肽的聚集度。SEQ ID NOs:7,8和9作为缺失突变体与SEQ ID NO:1相关,其中SEQ ID NO:7缺少SEQ ID NO:1的两个N-末端氨基酸残基,SEQ ID NO:8缺少SEQ ID NO:1的5个N-末端氨基酸残基,且SEQ ID NO:9缺少SEQ ID NO:1的12个N-末端氨基酸残基。肽按照实施例2中的描述形成。
结果如表2所示。
表2.跨膜部分长度对纳米颗粒聚集的影响。
其中N为聚集度(分子数/颗粒)。
如表2给出的数据所示,纳米颗粒的聚集随TM肽的长度减小而减少。然而,具有截断成11个氨基酸残基的TM部分的肽不能自组装成纳米颗粒。
实施例4
本实施例证明在肿瘤组织中纳米颗粒的细胞和肿瘤摄取。
制备以Alexa546荧光染料标记的CXCR4-TM结构域2-衍生的聚乙二醇化(pegylated)肽。合成下面的排序:SEQ ID NO:1-Peg11-Hcy-Peg27,其中Hcy表示高半胱氨酸。让肽与处于DMSO中的2倍过量的Alexa5465-马来酰亚胺(Invitrogen)(以128mg/ml浓度)反应过夜并在制备型(19x 250mm)C3柱上纯化。将10μl的肽用630μl的PBS稀释(以制备2mg/ml肽溶液),超声处理10分钟,并用于肿瘤内注射。
用一百万MDA-231乳腺癌细胞在胸垫(breast pad)中接种裸鼠。6周以后,当肿瘤尺寸达到直径约5mm时,将0.1ml处于PBS中的2mg/ml荧光纳米颗粒溶液注射到肿瘤附近的胸垫中。
利用Maestro 420体内光谱成像系统(剑桥资源和仪器公司(CambridgeResources and Instrumentation,Inc.))对完整的动物和切除的肿瘤进行成像。结果表明纳米颗粒没有从注射位点扩散很远,但有效地穿透肿瘤脉管系统。在完整的动物内,注射后30分钟,纳米颗粒定位于肿瘤组织。类似地,24小时之后,纳米颗粒定位于肿瘤组织而不由注射位点扩散。对注射后24小时切除的肿瘤进行分析显示纳米颗粒有效地穿透肿瘤脉管系统。
这些结果证实本发明的纳米颗粒可用于递送疏水性药物,如抗癌药物,至靶组织,如肿瘤组织。
实施例5
本实施例证明由某些受体(例如,CXCR4)的TM结构域和转运体构建的纳米颗粒具有其自身的生物学活性并能够抑制转移。
在第0天将一百万MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞静脉内注射到裸鼠中。在第1天和持续每周2次,给小鼠腹膜内注射(1)3mg/kg溶于PBS中的SEQ ID NO:1-PEG27的TM肽的纳米颗粒;(2)12mg/kg溶于PBS中的SEQ ID NO:1-PEG27的TM肽的纳米颗粒;或(3)对照物(只有PBS)。
对照组中被处死的或自然死亡的所有动物都有许多肺肿瘤。如图3所示,对照组中的动物到第75天时只有约20%存活。相反,在施用3mg/kg纳米颗粒的动物中到第75天时有约40%存活。所有施用12mg/kg纳米颗粒的动物到第75天时100%存活,且这些动物体重继续增加,这表明没有转移。
尽管在对照组中和在施用3mg/kg纳米颗粒的动物中到第91天时没有动物存活,但相当数量的施用12mg/kg纳米颗粒的动物到实验结束(140天)时存活,这表明在乳腺癌的小鼠模型中,纳米颗粒的施用可以显著延迟肺转移并延长存活。
这些结果证实由某些受体(例如,CXCR4)的TM结构域构建的纳米颗粒能够抑制转移。
实施例6
本实施例证明本发明纳米颗粒在水溶液中与疏水性试剂缔合的能力。
测试由TM结构域的一部分形成的靶向CXCR4受体的纳米颗粒与溶解的疏水性细胞毒性试剂缔合的能力。使用咪唑并吖啶酮和二咪唑并吖啶酮,因为这些抗肿瘤剂在水溶液中溶解性差且具有环境灵敏的荧光性(参见Tarasov等人,Photochem.Photobiol(光化学和光生物学),70(4):568-578(1999))。具体地,使用HKA40A,即一种具有有效抗肿瘤活性的1.8-萘二甲酰亚胺咪唑并(4,5,1-de)吖啶酮衍生物(参见美国专利6,664,263)和WMC77,即一种具有环境灵敏的荧光性能的imiazoacridone(5-{3-[4-(氨丙基)-哌嗪-1-基]-丙基氨基}-2,10b-二氮杂-醋蒽烯-6-酮)(参见美国专利6,187,775)。
肉眼观察0.038mg/ml的HKA40A溶液,产生了有橙色沉淀的透明、无色液体。相反,在0.4mg/ml处于PBS中的纳米颗粒(SEQ ID NO:1-PEG27)溶液中的相同浓度的HKA40A产生透明的、黄色溶液,没有沉淀。
将不同量的纳米颗粒(SEQ ID NO:1-PEG11或SEQ ID NO 1-PEG38)加入到WMC77的溶液中。测量荧光发射强度和发射最大值的变化,结果如图1和2所示。结果反映荧光发射强度和发射最大值的变化随纳米颗粒量的增加而增大,这表明荧光团转移到疏水环境中。
此外,表3数据表明,当WMC77(终浓度300nM)与Alexa 546-标记的纳米颗粒(其是按照实施例4的描述生产的)混合时,观察到荧光能量转移,其显示在纳米颗粒和WMC77之间存在紧密的相互作用。
表3.WMC77溶液的荧光强度。
添加剂 | 荧光强度(a.u.) |
无TM肽 | 622 |
TM肽 | 726 |
TM肽-Alexa缀合物 | 295 |
这些试验结果证实本发明的纳米颗粒在水溶液中与疏水性试剂缔合并为试剂提供疏水性环境。
将所有参考文献,包括本文中引用的出版物、专利申请和专利在此引入作为参考,其程度如同各参考文献被分别和具体地描述为引入作为参考并在本文中记述其全部内容。
在描述本发明的上下文中(尤其在以下权利要求的上下文中)术语“一”和“该”以及类似的对象的使用,应理解为包括了单数和复数,除非本文中另有说明或与上下文明显矛盾。术语“包含”、“具有”、“包括”和“含有”应理解为开放的术语(即,指“包括但不限于”),除非另作说明。本文中数值范围的描述仅仅旨在用作分别谈及落入该范围内的各单独的数值的简写方法,除非本文中另有说明,且各单独的数值并入说明书中如同其在本文中被分别列举。本文中描述的所有方法可以以任何适宜的顺序进行,除非本文中另有说明或明显地与上下文矛盾。本文中提供的任何和所有实施例,或示例性的语言(例如,“如”)的使用,仅仅旨在更好地说明本发明而不构成对本发明范围的限制,除非另外要求。说明书中的语言都不应理解为表示任何未要求的要素对实施本发明是必要的。
在本文中描述了本发明的优选实施方案,包括为发明人所知的实施本发明的最佳方式。那些优选的实施方案的变化对于本领域的普通技术人员而言在阅读上述的说明后可变得显而易见。本发明人预期技术人员酌情应用这类变化,且本发明人旨在本发明可按照不同于本文中具体描述的方式来实施。因此,本发明包括本文中所附权利要求中描述的主题的所有改变和同等物,这是适用法律允许的。而且,上述要素各种可能的变化的任何组合都被本发明包括,除非本文中另有说明或与上下文明显矛盾。
序列表
<110>娜佳·I·塔拉索夫
谢尔盖·G·塔拉索夫
克里斯托弗·J·米海达
<120>由跨膜肽组成的自组装纳米颗粒及其用于特异性肿瘤内递送抗癌药物的应用
<130>702121
<140>60/864,665
<141>2006-11-07
<160>9
<170>PatentIn version 3.4
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<210>7
<211>22
<212>PRT
<213>人工的
<220>
<223>合成的
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Phe Val Ile Thr Leu Pro Phe Trp Ala Val Asp Ala Val Ala Asn Trp
1 5 10 15
Tyr Phe Gly Asn Asp Asp
20
<210>8
<211>19
<212>PRT
<213>人工的
<220>
<223>合成的
<400>8
Thr Leu Pro Phe Trp Ala Val Asp Ala Val Ala Asn Trp Tyr Phe Gly
1 5 10 15
Asn Asp Asp
<210>9
<211>11
<212>PRT
<213>人工的
<220>
<223>合成的
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Ala Val Ala Asn Trp Tyr Phe Gly Asn Asp Asp
1 5 10
Claims (17)
1、一种处理疏水性试剂的方法,所述方法包括:
(a)在水溶液中混合(i)疏水性试剂和(ii)分离的肽,即膜内在蛋白质跨膜结构域的结构类似物,其中所述肽的一端具有一个或多个连续的带负电的残基,和
(b)容许所述肽自组装成纳米颗粒,其中所述纳米颗粒包含所述疏水性试剂。
2、权利要求1的方法,其中所述膜内在蛋白质为G蛋白偶联受体或ABC转运体。
3、权利要求1或2任一项的方法,其中所述疏水性试剂为抗癌剂。
4、权利要求1-3任一项的方法,还包括向所述肽添加配体,其中所述配体特异性地结合肿瘤细胞中过表达的细胞表面受体。
5、权利要求1-4任一项的方法,还包括将选自由聚乙二醇、十一烷乙二醇、聚甘氨酸及其组合组成的组中的一种亲水性低聚物加至含一个或多个带负电的残基的肽的末端。
6、权利要求1-5任一项的方法,其中所述纳米颗粒具有约3nm-约50nm的直径。
7、权利要求6的方法,其中所述纳米颗粒具有约8nm-约20nm的直径。
8、权利要求1-7任一项的方法,其中所述肽包含至少约10个与膜内在蛋白质跨膜结构域的氨基酸序列相同的氨基酸。
9、权利要求8的方法,其中所述肽包含至少约15个与膜内在蛋白质跨膜结构域的氨基酸序列相同的氨基酸。
10、权利要求9的方法,其中所述肽包含至少约20个与膜内在蛋白质跨膜结构域的氨基酸序列相同的氨基酸。
11、权利要求1-10任一项的方法,所述方法还包括:
(c)将包含所述疏水性试剂的纳米颗粒施用于受试者。
12、权利要求11的方法,其中所述受试者是人。
13、权利要求1-12任一项的方法,其中所述疏水性试剂具有选自由抑制癌细胞增殖、抑制转移、抑制血管生成、抑制癌细胞的抗药性及其组合组成的组中的第一生物学活性。
14、权利要求13的方法,其中所述纳米颗粒具有选自由抑制癌细胞的抗药性、抑制转移、抑制血管生成、及其组合组成的组中的第二生物学活性。
15、由权利要求1-14任一项的方法制备的纳米颗粒组合物。
16、权利要求15的组合物,其中所述疏水性试剂是抗癌剂。
17、抑制受试者中肿瘤生长的方法,包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求16的组合物。
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US86466506P | 2006-11-07 | 2006-11-07 | |
US60/864,665 | 2006-11-07 |
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CN101610759A true CN101610759A (zh) | 2009-12-23 |
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CNA2007800459379A Pending CN101610759A (zh) | 2006-11-07 | 2007-11-06 | 由跨膜肽组成的自组装纳米颗粒及其用于特异性肿瘤内递送抗癌药物的应用 |
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US (1) | US9326950B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2086521A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2010509241A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101610759A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2007316416A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2668638A1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ576769A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008058125A2 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200903125B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN108602856A (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2018-09-28 | 康斯乔最高科学研究公司 | 一种包括低聚甘氨酸自组装体和纳米线的材料 |
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JP2010509241A (ja) * | 2006-11-07 | 2010-03-25 | アメリカ合衆国 | 膜貫通ペプチドからなる自己凝集性ナノ粒子および抗癌剤の特異的腫瘍内送達のためのその利用 |
US9328142B2 (en) | 2011-05-25 | 2016-05-03 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Lipopeptide inhibitors of RAS oncoproteins |
EP2911701A4 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2016-06-08 | Univ Johns Hopkins | Novel self-assembling drug amphiphiles and methods for synthesis and application |
US11246924B2 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2022-02-15 | Duke University | Alpha-helical peptide nanofibers as a self-adjuvanting vaccine platform |
US20220387605A1 (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2022-12-08 | Duke University | Compositions and methods comprising self-assembling peptide-polymer nanofibers for sublingual immunization |
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DK0892801T3 (da) | 1996-04-12 | 2002-04-22 | Us Gov Health & Human Serv | Acridon-afledte forbindelser, der er anvendelige som antineoplastiske og antiretrovirale midler |
WO1999043711A1 (en) | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-02 | The Government Of The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | G protein-coupled receptor antagonists |
US7105488B1 (en) | 1998-02-27 | 2006-09-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | G protein-coupled receptor antagonists |
AU1922601A (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2001-05-30 | Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services, The | Inhibition of ABC transporters by transmembrane domain analogs |
DE60100855T2 (de) | 2000-03-07 | 2004-07-15 | The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services | 1,8-naphthalimid imidazo[4,5,1-de]acridone mit antitumorwirkung |
EP1292284A2 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2003-03-19 | Teni Boulikas | Encapsulation of polynucleotides and drugs into targeted liposomes |
US20030170826A1 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2003-09-11 | Peter Rabinovich | Peptides for facilitating composite receptor expression and translocation of macromolecules |
US20070009441A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2007-01-11 | Molecular Therapeutics, Inc. | Biodegradable nanoparticles |
JP2010509241A (ja) * | 2006-11-07 | 2010-03-25 | アメリカ合衆国 | 膜貫通ペプチドからなる自己凝集性ナノ粒子および抗癌剤の特異的腫瘍内送達のためのその利用 |
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- 2007-11-06 CA CA002668638A patent/CA2668638A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-11-06 CN CNA2007800459379A patent/CN101610759A/zh active Pending
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AU2007316416A1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
ZA200903125B (en) | 2010-05-26 |
EP2086521A2 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
US20100034896A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
NZ576769A (en) | 2012-01-12 |
US9326950B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
WO2008058125A3 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
WO2008058125A2 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
CA2668638A1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
JP2010509241A (ja) | 2010-03-25 |
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