CN101596175A

CN101596175A - Methods of forming aerosols for inhalation delivery

Info

Publication number: CN101596175A
Application number: CNA2009101327999A
Authority: CN
Inventors: R·L·哈勒; C·C·赫戈斯; P·M·罗伊德; D·穆弗森; D·D·罗戈斯; 宋旬镐; M·J·温斯雷; D·J·米尔斯; J·A·麦肯尼; R·J·昆塔纳; J·D·拉比诺维兹
Original assignee: Alexza Pharmaceuticals Inc
Current assignee: Alexza Pharmaceuticals Inc
Priority date: 2001-06-05
Filing date: 2002-05-13
Publication date: 2009-12-09
Also published as: ES2361908T3; CN1990057A; CN100551458C

Abstract

本发明涉及吸入递送的含有小颗粒的气溶胶。具体地说，本发明涉及一种用于吸入治疗的气溶胶的形成方法。在本发明方法的一个方面，提供了一种用于吸入治疗的含药物的气溶胶的形成方法。该方法包括以下步骤：(a)将涂布有包含药物的组合物的基片以大于1000℃/s的速度加热，由此形成一蒸汽；和，(b)将该蒸汽冷却，由此形成一气溶胶，将其用于吸入治疗。在本发明方法的另一方面，提供了一种用于吸入治疗的气溶胶的形成方法。该方法包括以下步骤：(a)将涂布有包含药物的组合物的基片加热形成一蒸汽，其中涂布的组合物是小于10μ厚度的薄膜形式；和，(b)将该蒸汽冷却，由此形成一气溶胶，将其用于吸入治疗。在本发明的另一方法方面，提供了一种用于吸入治疗的气溶胶的形成方法。该方法包括以下步骤：(a)将涂布有包含药物的组合物的基片加热以在小于100微秒内形成一蒸汽，其中蒸汽质量大于0.1mg；和，(b)将该蒸汽冷却，由此形成一气溶胶，将其用于吸入治疗。The present invention relates to aerosols containing small particles for inhalation delivery. In particular, the invention relates to a method of forming an aerosol for inhalation therapy. In one aspect of the methods of the invention, a method of forming a medicated aerosol for inhalation therapy is provided. The method comprises the steps of: (a) heating a substrate coated with a drug-containing composition at a rate greater than 1000°C/s, thereby forming a vapor; and, (b) cooling the vapor, thereby forming An aerosol, which is used for inhalation therapy. In another aspect of the methods of the present invention, a method of forming an aerosol for inhalation therapy is provided. The method comprises the steps of: (a) heating a substrate coated with a drug-containing composition to form a vapor, wherein the coated composition is in the form of a film less than 10 μ thick; and, (b) cooling the vapor, An aerosol is thus formed which is used for inhalation therapy. In another method aspect of the invention, a method of forming an aerosol for inhalation therapy is provided. The method comprises the steps of: (a) heating a substrate coated with a drug-containing composition to form a vapor in less than 100 microseconds, wherein the mass of the vapor is greater than 0.1 mg; and, (b) cooling the vapor, An aerosol is thus formed which is used for inhalation therapy.

Description

Be used to suck the aerocolloidal formation method of sending

The application submitted on May 13rd, 2002, and application number is " 02811407 ", and the invention exercise question is divided an application for " being used to suck the aerocolloidal formation method of sending ".

The application is people's such as Lloyd the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 10/057 that is entitled as " method and apparatus of sending physiologically active compound ", 198 (applications on October 26 calendar year 2001), the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 10/057 that is entitled as " producing aerocolloidal equipment and method " with people such as Wensley, the part continuation application of 197 (applications on October 26 calendar year 2001) is for all purposes all are added herein by reference them.The application also requires the priority of people's such as Wensley the U.S. Provisional Application serial number 60/296,225 that is entitled as " producing aerocolloidal equipment and method " (June 5 calendar year 2001), and its full content is added herein by reference.

Invention field

The present invention relates to suck the short grained aerosol of sending that contains.Specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of aerocolloidal formation method that is used to suck treatment.

Background of invention

At present, the equipment that is used to suck delivering drugs of a large amount of approvals is arranged, comprise Diskus, aerosol apparatus and pressurised metered dose inhaler.Yet the aerosol that is produced by these equipment contains excipient usually.

Being desirable to provide is not a kind ofly having can to produce aerocolloidal method under the situation of excipient.It is purpose of the present invention that this equipment is provided.

Summary of the invention

Aspect of the inventive method, provide a kind of aerocolloidal formation method that is used to suck treatment.This method may further comprise the steps: the substrate that (a) will be coated with the compositions that comprises medicine forms a steam thus with the speed heating greater than 1000 ℃/s; With, (b), form an aerosol thus with this steam cooling, use it for and suck treatment.Preferably, this substrate is with the speed heating greater than 2,000 ℃/s, 5,000 ℃/s, 7,500 ℃/s or 10,000 ℃/s.

In some cases, this substrate is with the speed heating of about 2,000 ℃/s.

Typically, said composition with thickness less than the film coated of 10 μ m to this substrate.Preferably, film thickness is less than 5 μ m, 4 μ m, 3 μ m, 2 μ m or 1 μ m.

Typically, compositions with the film coated of thickness between 10 μ m-10nm to substrate.Preferably, film thickness is at 5 μ m-10nm, 4 μ m-10nm, and 3 μ m-10nm, 2 μ m-10nm are perhaps between the 1 μ m-10nm.

Typically, in less than 100 microseconds, evaporate from the heating beginning greater than the said composition of 0.1mg.Preferably, the said composition of 0.25mg, 0.5mg, 0.75mg or 1mg is evaporated in less than 100 microseconds from the heating beginning.More preferably, the compositions of listed same amount is evaporated in less than 75 microseconds, 50 microseconds, 25 microseconds or 10 microseconds from the heating beginning above.

Typically, the aerosol of formation weighs 10% than drug weight.Preferably, weigh 20% than drug weight.More preferably, weigh 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 97% than drug weight.

Typically, the aerosol of formation contains the medicine catabolite less than 10% weight.Preferably, it contains the medicine catabolite less than 5% weight.More preferably, it contains the medicine catabolite less than 3%, 2% or 1% weight.

Typically, this medicine has the decomposition index less than 0.15.Preferably, this medicine has the decomposition index less than 0.10.More preferably, this medicine has the decomposition index less than 0.05.

Typically, the medicine in the compositions is a kind of of following minute apoplexy due to endogenous wind: antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antidepressants, Bendectin, antihistaminic, antiparkinsonian drug, psychosis, antianxiety drugs, be used for erectile dysfunction medicine, be used for migrainous medicine, treat crapulent medicine, medicine, skeletal muscle relaxant, NSAID, opioid, other analgesic and the analeptic of treatment addiction.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is an antibiotic, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: cefmetazole; Cefazolin sodium; Cefalexin; Cefoxitin; Cefacetrile; Cefaloglycin; Cefaloridine; Cephalosporins, for example cephalosporin; Cefalotin; Cephamycin-type, for example Cephamycin A, Cephamycin B and cephamycin C; Cefapirin; Cefradine; Ampicillin; The amoxicillin; The hetacillin; Carfecillin; Carindacillin; Carbenicillin; Penicillin dihydro F; The azidocillin; Benzylpcnicillin; Clometocillin; Cloxacillin; Cyclacillin; The methicillin; Nafcillin; The 2-penicillin F; Penicillins, for example penicillin N, penicillin, Penicillin S, penicillin V; Chlorbutin penicillin; Dicloxacillin; Diphenicillin; Heptylpenicillin; And metampicillin.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is an anticonvulsant, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: gabapentin, Tiagabine and vigabatrin.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is antidepressants, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: amitriptyline, amoxapine, benmoxin, butriptyline, Chlorimipramine, desipramine, dosulepin, doxepin, imipramine, ketanserin, lofepramine, the medifoxamine, mianserin, maprotiline, mirtazapine, nortriptyline, protriptyline, bent imipramine, viloxazine, citalopram, cotinine, duloxetine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, midalcipran, nisoxetine, paroxetine, reboxetine, Sertraline, Tianeptine, acephenazine, binedaline, brofaromine, cericlamine, clovoxamine, iproniazid, isocarboxazid, moclobemide, phenylhydrazine, phenelzine, selegiline, sibutramine, tranylcypromine, ademetionine, adrafinil, amesergide, amisulpride, amperozide, benzene is quiet, amfebutamone, caroxazone, gepirone, idazoxan, metralindole, midalcipran, minaprine, nefazodone, nomefensine, ritanserin, Roxindole, the S-ademetionine, tofenacin, trazodone, tryptophan, venlafaxine and zalospirone.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is a Bendectin, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: alizapride, azasetron, benzquinamide, bromopride, buclizine, chlorpromazine, cinnarizine, clebopride, the Sai Keli piperazine, diphenhydramine, diphenidol, the MDL-73147 mesylate, droperidol, granisetron, scopolamine (hyoscine), lorazepam, metoclopramide, metopimazine, ondansetron, perphenazine, phenergan, prochlorperazine, scopolamine (scopolamine), the triethyl group pyrrole draws piperazine, the trifluoro pyrrole draws piperazine, trifluopromazine, trimethobenzamide, tropisetron, domperidone and palonosetron.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is an antihistaminic, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: azatadine, brompheniramine, chlorphenamine, clemastine, plug pyridine in heptan, dexmedetomidine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, hydroxyzine, alerlisin, fexofenadine, loratadine and phenergan.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is an antiparkinsonian drug, it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: amantadine, baclofen, biperiden, benzetropine, orphenadrine, procyclidine, artane, levodopa, carbidopa, selegiline, deprenyl, andropinirole, apomorphine, benserazide, bromocriptine, budipine, cabergoline, dihydroergo cryptine(DCS, eliprodil, eptastigmine, Ergota woods pramipexole, galantamine, lazabemide, lisuride, Mazindol, memantine, mofegiline, pergolide, pramipexole, propentofylline, rasagiline, remacemide, spheramine, terguride, entacapone and tolcapone.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is a psychosis, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: acephenazine, alizapride, amperozide, benperidol, benzquinamide, bromperidol, buramate, butaperazine, carphenazine, carpipramine, chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, clocapramine, clomacrane, clopenthixol, 8-, clotiapine, cyamemazine, droperidol, flupentixol, fluphenazine, fluspirilene, haloperidol, mesoridazine, methophenazine, molindone, penfluridol, periciazine, perphenazine, pimozide, pipamazine, piperacetazine, pipothiazine, prochlorperazine, promazine, remoxipride, Sertindole, spiperone, sulpiride, thioridazine, tiotixene, trifluperidol, trifluopromazine, the trifluoro pyrrole draws piperazine, Ziprasidone, zotepine, zuclopenthixol, amisulpride, butaclamol, clozapine, melperone, olanzapine, Quetiapine and risperidone.

Typically; its Chinese medicine is an antianxiety drugs, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: mecloqualone; medetomidine; metomidate; adinazolam; chlordiazepoxide; clobenzepam; flurazepam; lorazepam; loprazolam; midazolam; alpidem; alseroxylon; amphenidone; azacyclonol; bromisovalum; buspirone; N-carbamyl calcium aspartate; captodiame; capuride; carbocloral; bromdiethylacetylcarbamide; cloral betaine; enciprazine; flesinoxan; ipsapirone; lesopitron; loxapine; methaqualone; methyprylon; Propranolol; tandospirone; trazodone; zopiclone and zolpidem.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is the medicine that is used for erectile dysfunction, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: cialis (IC351), sldenafil, vardenafil, apomorphine, two acetic acid apomorphines, phentolamine and Yohimbine.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is to be used for migrainous medicine, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: almotriptan, alpiropride, codeine, dihydroergotamine, Ergotamine, eletriptan, frovatriptan, isometheptene, lignocaine, lisuride, metoclopramide, naratriptan, oxycodone, the third oxygen sweet smell, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, tolfenamic acid, zolmitriptan, amitriptyline, atenolol, clonidine, plug pyridine in heptan, diltiazem

Doxepin, fluoxetine, lisinopril, methysergide, metoprolol, nadolol, nortriptyline, paroxetine, pizotifen (pizotifen), pizotifen (pizotyline), Propranolol, protriptyline, Sertraline, timolol and verapamil.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is to be used for the treatment of crapulent medicine, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: naloxone, naltrexone and disulfiram.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is to be used for the treatment of drugs of addiction, and it is a buprenorphine.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is a skeletal muscle relaxant, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, orphenadrine, quinine and tizanidine.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is non-steroid class antibiotic medicine, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: aceclofenac, alminoprofen, amfenac, 4-[2-(dimethylamino)propionamido, amixetrine, benzene

Luo Fen, bromfenac, bufexamac, carprofen, choline, Salicylate, cinchophen, cinmetacin, clopirac, clometacin, diclofenac, etodolac, indoprofen, mazipredone, meclofenamic acid salt, piroxicam, pirprofen and tolfenamic acid salt.

Typically; its Chinese medicine is an opioid, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: alfentanil; allylprodine; alphaprodine; anileridine; the benzyl morphine; bezitramide; buprenorphine; butorphanol; carbifene; ciramadol; Clonitazene; codeine; dextromoramide; dextropropoxyphene; diacetylmorphine; dihydrocodeine; diphenoxylate; dipipanone; fentanyl; hydromorphone; L-α acetyl group methadone; lofentanil; levorphanol; Pethidine; methadone; meptazinol; metopon; morphine; nalbuphine; nalorphine; oxycodone; papaveretum; Pethidine; pentazocine; phenazocine; remifentanil; sufentanil and tramadol.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is other analgesic, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: azapropazone, benzpiperilone, benzydamine, caffeine, clonixin, ethoheptazine, Flupirtine, nefopam, orphenadrine, propacetamol and the third oxygen sweet smell.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is an analeptic, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: amfetamine, Bu Luxin, caffeine, dexfenfluramine, dexamfetamine, ephedrine, fenfluramine, Mazindol, methylphenidate, pemoline, phentermine and sibutramine.

Aspect other method of the present invention, provide a kind of aerocolloidal formation method that is used to suck treatment.This method relates to following steps: the substrate that (a) will be coated with the compositions that comprises medicine adds thermosetting steam, and wherein coating composition is the form less than the thick thin film of 10 μ m; With, (b), forming an aerosol thus with this steam cooling, it can be used for sucking treatment.Preferably, this film thickness is less than 5 μ m, 4 μ m, 3 μ m, 2 μ m or 1 μ m.

Typically, with said composition with the film coated of thickness between 10 μ m-10nm to substrate.Preferably, film thickness is at 5 μ m-10nm, 4 μ m-10nm, and 3 μ m-10nm are between 2 μ m-10nm or the 1 μ m-10nm.

Typically, in less than 100 microseconds, evaporate from the heating beginning greater than the said composition of 0.1mg.Preferably, the said composition of 0.25mg, 0.5mg, 0.75mg or 1mg is evaporated in less than 100 microseconds from the heating beginning.More preferably, the compositions of listed equal number is evaporated in less than 75 microseconds, 50 microseconds, 25 microseconds or 10 microseconds from the heating beginning above.

Typically, the aerosol of formation is greater than 10% of drug weight.Preferably, it is greater than 20% of drug weight.More preferably, it is greater than 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 97% of drug weight.

Typically, medicine has the decomposition index less than 0.15.Preferably, medicine has the decomposition index less than 0.10. and more preferably, medicine has the decomposition index less than 0.05.

Typically, the medicine in the compositions is one of following type: antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antidepressants, Bendectin, antihistaminic, antiparkinsonian drug, psychosis, antianxiety drugs, be used for erectile dysfunction medicine, be used for migrainous medicine, be used for the treatment of crapulent medicine, medicine, skeletal muscle relaxant, NSAID, opioid, other analgesic and the analeptic of treatment addiction.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is a Bendectin, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: alizapride, azasetron, benzquinamide, bromopride, buclizine, chlorpromazine, cinnarizine, clebopride, the Sai Keli piperazine, diphenhydramine, diphenidol, the dolasetron mesylate, droperidol, granisetron, scopolamine, lorazepam, metoclopramide, metopimazine, ondansetron, perphenazine, phenergan, prochlorperazine, scopolamine, the triethyl group pyrrole draws piperazine, the trifluoro pyrrole draws piperazine, trifluopromazine, trimethobenzamide, tropisetron, domperidone and palonosetron.

Doxepin, fluoxetine, lisinopril, methysergide, metoprolol, nadolol, nortriptyline, paroxetine, pizotifen, pizotifen, Propranolol, protriptyline, Sertraline, timolol and verapamil.

Typically, its Chinese medicine be other analgesic it be selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: azapropazone, benzpiperilone, benzydamine, caffeine, clonixin, ethoheptazine, Flupirtine, nefopam, orphenadrine, propacetamol and the third oxygen sweet smell.

Aspect other method of the present invention, provide a kind of aerocolloidal formation method that contains medicine that is used to suck treatment.This method relates to following steps: the substrate that (a) will be coated with the compositions that comprises medicine in less than the time of 100 microseconds adds thermosetting steam, and wherein this steam has the quality greater than 0.1mg; With, (b) make this steam cooling, form an aerosol thus, use it for and suck treatment.Preferably, the said composition of 0.25mg, 0.5mg, 0.75mg or 1mg is evaporated in less than 100 microseconds from the heating beginning.More preferably, the compositions of listed same amount is evaporated in less than 75 microseconds, 50 microseconds, 25 microseconds or 10 microseconds from the heating beginning above.

Typically, the aerosol of formation is greater than 10% of drug weight.Preferably, it is greater than 20% of drug weight.More preferably, it is greater than 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 97% weight of drug weight.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is antidepressants, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: amitriptyline, amoxapine, benmoxin, butriptyline, Chlorimipramine, desipramine, dosulepin, doxepin, imipramine, ketanserin, lofepramine, the medifoxamine, mianserin, maprotiline, mirtazapine, nortriptyline, protriptyline, bent imipramine, viloxazine, citalopram, cotinine, duloxetine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, midalcipran, nisoxetine, paroxetine, reboxetine, Sertraline, Tianeptine, acephenazine, binedaline, brofaromine, cericlamine, clovoxamine, iproniazid, isocarboxazid, moclobemide, phenylhydrazine, phenelzine, selegiline, sibutramine, tranylcypromine, ademetionine, adrafinil, amesergide, amisulpride, amperozide, benzene is quiet, amfebutamone, caroxazone, gepirone, idazoxan, metralindole, midalcipran, minaprine, nefazodone, nomefensine, ritanserin, Roxindole, the S-ademetionine, tofenacin, trazodone, tryptophan, venlafaxine, and zalospirone.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is an antihistaminic, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: azatadine, brompheniramine,

Chlorphenamine, clemastine, plug pyridine in heptan, dexmedetomidine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, hydroxyzine, alerlisin, fexofenadine, loratadine and phenergan.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is an antiparkinsonian drug, it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: amantadine, baclofen, biperiden, benzetropine, orphenadrine, procyclidine, artane, levodopa, carbidopa, selegiline, deprenyl, andropinirole, apomorphine, benserazide, bromocriptine, budipine. cabergoline, dihydroergo cryptine(DCS, eliprodil, eptastigmine, Ergota woods pramipexole, galantamine, lazabemide, lisuride, Mazindol, memantine, mofegiline, pergolide, pramipexole, propentofylline, rasagiline, remacemide, spheramine, terguride, entacapone and tolcapone.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is non-steroid class antibiotic medicine.It is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: aceclofenac, alminoprofen, amfenac, 4-[2-(dimethylamino)propionamido, amixetrine, benzene

The accompanying drawing summary

As described in the accompanying drawing, by the description of following different embodiments of the invention, further feature and benefit will become apparent, wherein:

Fig. 1 is to use the sketch of the whole system that the laboratory example of present device tests;

Fig. 2 is top view, right end view and the front view of example shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 3 be example shown in Figure 2 the part cross section and the sketch of part side-looking;

Fig. 4 is the part cross section of example shown in Figure 2 and the sketch that part is looked closely;

Fig. 5 is the part cross section of example shown in Figure 2 and the sketch of part top view;

Fig. 6 is to use the cross section side-looking sketch of another example of the present device of warning device;

Fig. 7 shows that the detachable block that contains chemical compound is installed in the detachable block of the example shown in Figure 2 in the slideway and top view, left end view and the front view of removable slideway;

Fig. 8 is the sketch of heating element heater that shows the example shown in Figure 2 of electric drive circuit;

Fig. 9 is to use the diagrammatic side views of second example of the present invention of Venturi tube;

Figure 10 is to use the diagrammatic side views of the 4th example of the present invention of the light-wall pipe that is coated with this chemical compound;

Figure 11 is the side sketch of example shown in Figure 10;

Figure 12 is the side sketch that shows the example shown in Figure 10 of the induction heater system that produces alternating magnetic field;

Figure 13 is a diagrammatic side views of using another example shown in Figure 10 of the delimiter that flows in light-wall pipe;

Figure 14 is a diagrammatic side views of this chemical compound being used the 5th example of the present invention of expandable container;

Figure 15 is a diagrammatic side views of this chemical compound being used the 6th example of the present invention of a container in inert environments;

Figure 16 is the diagrammatic side views of the circulation of use inert environments on the surface of chemical compound example shown in Figure 15;

Figure 17 is to use the diagrammatic side views of the 7th example of the present invention that contains the particulate pipe that is coated with this chemical compound;

Figure 18 is to use heating system to heat the diagrammatic side views of the example shown in Figure 17 of the gas that passes through on coated particle;

Figure 19 is the diagrammatic side views that this paper is referred to as the 8th example of the present invention of " furnace apparatus ";

Figure 20 is to use the diagrammatic side views of the 9th example of the present invention of gradient-heated;

Figure 21 is to use the diagrammatic side views of the tenth example of the present invention of the micro mesh sieve that is coated with this chemical compound;

Figure 22 is top view, the right-hand member of example shown in Figure 21 and faces sketch;

Figure 23 is the figure that granule is gathered into the speed of larger particles;

Figure 24 is the figure of the particle diameter of condensation coefficient (K) relativization compound;

Figure 25 is different chemical compounds, for example the figure of the steam pressure relative temperature of diphenyl ether, hexadecane, geranyl formic acid esters and caproic acid;

Figure 26 uses system shown in Figure 1 to give the figure of the blood levels of the IV dosage of different Canis familiaris L.s and inhalation dose at duration of test;

Figure 27 is the figure of calculating and the relative compound quality in the scope of 10-310 μ g of test mass median diameter (MMD);

Figure 28 calculates and the figure that tests the relative compound quality in the scope of 10-310 μ g of MMD; With

Figure 29 is that aerocolloidal theoretical particle diameter (diameter) is as the figure of evaporation chemical compound with the function of the ratio of the volume of mist.

Describe in detail

Definition

Given particulate " aerodynamic diameter " is meant to have the sedimentation velocity identical with given granule and density is the diameter of the spherical droplet of 1g/mL (density of water).

" aerosol " is meant solid or the liquid particles float in gas.

" decomposition index " is meant the numerical value that is obtained by the test described in the embodiment 9.This numerical value is by determining from the 1 aerocolloidal percentage ratio purity that deducts generation.

" medicine " is meant and is used to prevent, diagnoses, treatment or cure diseases, eases the pain or control or improve any chemical compound of any physiology in the human or animal or pathology disorder.These chemical compounds are listed in the Physician ' s Desk Reference (MedicalEconomics Company, Inc.at Montvale, NJ, the 56th edition, 2002) often, and it is added herein by reference.

The illustration medicine comprises as follows: from the cannabanoid of Fructus Cannabis, THC, ketorolac, fentanyl, morphine, testosterone, ibuprofen, codeine, nicotine, vitamin A, alpha-tocopherol acetate, vitamin E, glycerol trintrate, pilocarpine, mescaline, testosterone enanthatas, menthol, phencaramkde, mesuximide, eptastigmine, phenergan, procaine, retinol, lignocaine, alimemazine, Iso-bid, timolol, methyprylon, etamiphylline, the third oxygen sweet smell, salmaterol, vitamin e succinate, methadone, oxprenolol, isoproterenol two tartrates, etaqualone, vitamin D3, ethambutol, ritodrine, omoconazole, cocaine, chlorethyl cyclohexyl nitrosourea, ketamine, ketoprofen, cilazapril, Propranolol, sufentanil, orciprenaline, prentoxapylline, Androfort, valproic acid, acebutolol, terbutaline, diazepam, topiramate, pentobarbital, alfentanil HCl, papaverine, nicergoline, fluconazol, zafirlukast, the testosterone acetate, droperidol, atenolol, metoclopramide, enalapril, albuterol, ketotifen, isoproterenol, amiodarone HCl, zileuton, midazolam, oxycodone, cilostazol, propofol, nabilone, gabapentin, famotidine, lorazepam, naltrexone, acetaminophen, sumatriptan, bitolterol, nifedipine, phenobarbital, phentolamine, the 13-cis-retinoic acid, droprenilamine HCl, amlodipine, caffeine, zopiclone, tramadol HCl, pirbuterol, naloxone, Pethidine HCl, trimethobenzamide, Na Meifen, scopolamine, sldenafil, carbamazepine, procaterol HCl, methysergide, glutathion, olanzapine, zolpidem, levorphanol, buspirone and composition thereof.

Typically, the medicine in the compositions is one of following type: antibiotic, anticonvulsant, antidepressants, Bendectin, antihistaminic, antiparkinsonian drug, psychosis, antianxiety drugs, be used for erectile dysfunction medicine, be used for migrainous medicine, be used for the treatment of crapulent medicine, medicine, skeletal muscle relaxant, NSAID, opioid, other analgesic, cannabanoid and the analeptic of treatment addiction.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is a Bendectin, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: alizapride, azasetron, benzquinamide, bromopride, buclizine, chlorpromazine, cinnarizine, clebopride, the Sai Keli piperazine, diphenhydramine, diphenidol, the dolasetron mesylate, dronabinol, droperidol, granisetron, scopolamine, lorazepam, metoclopramide, metopimazine, ondansetron, perphenazine, phenergan, prochlorperazine, scopolamine, the triethyl group pyrrole draws piperazine, the trifluoro pyrrole draws piperazine, trifluopromazine, trimethobenzamide, tropisetron, domperidone and palonosetron.

Typically; its Chinese medicine is an antianxiety drugs, and it is selected from a kind of in the following chemical compound: mecloqualone; medetomidine; metomidate; adinazolam; chlordiazepoxide; clobenzepam; flurazepam; lorazepam; loprazolam; midazolam; alpidem; alseroxylon; amphenidone; azacyclonol; bromisovalum; buspirone; the carbamyl calcium aspartate; captodiame; capuride; carbocloral; bromdiethylacetylcarbamide; cloral betaine; enciprazine; flesinoxan; ipsapirone; lesopitron; loxapine; methaqualone; methyprylon; Propranolol; tandospirone; trazodone; zopiclone and zolpidem.

Typically, its Chinese medicine is cannabanoid, and it is tetrahydrocannabinol (for example, δ-8 or δ-9).

" drug degradation product " is meant the chemical compound that obtains because of the pharmaceutical chemistry modification.This modification for example, can be the result of heat or photochemical induction reaction.These reactions include, but are not limited to, oxidation and hydrolysis.

Aerocolloidal " mass median aerodynamic diameter " or " MMAD " are meant aerocolloidal half particle mass owing to the granule of aerodynamic diameter greater than MMAD, and half is owing to the particulate aerodynamic diameter of aerodynamic diameter less than MMAD.

" stable aerosol " is meant that the particulate MMAD of aerocolloidal formation changes and is no more than 50% aerosol in a period of time.For example, MMAD is that the aerosol of 100nm is stable in 1 second, if after 1 second, it has the MMAD of 50nm-150nm.Preferably, this MMAD variation is no more than 25% within a certain period of time.More preferably, the MMAD variation is no more than 20%, 15%, 10% or 5% within a certain period of time.

Aerosolized equipment

Embodiment 1 describes according to the Canis familiaris L. in vivo test.Yet mainly the air-flow that passes it by increase just can easily improve this embodiment to be fit to people's suction.

With reference to Fig. 1-8, will first embodiment (1) of aerosolized equipment of the present invention be described.Equipment 1 as shown in Figure 1 operationally links to each other with effusion meter 4 (for example, TSI 4100 effusion meters).The reading of effusion meter 4 is sent into electronic machine in the chassis shown in Figure 28.Effusion meter 4 is shown in Fig. 1, in the dotted line of describing shell 10.Device controller 20 comprises Chembook N30W type portable computer (Fig. 3) and NationalInstruments I/O plate (SC2345 type) (not shown) with driving switch 22, its link to each other with computer 20 control appliance 1 and control the record of all data that duration of test collects.Use NationalInstruments ' Labview software program development to carry out the software program of these functions.

Connection between equipment 1 and the I/O plate is to finish with cable (for example, DB25 does not show).Reference power supply (for example, Condor F15-15-A+ does not show) gives equipment 1 power supply.Use and suck speed and the volume that controller 30 controls suck in the dopey Canis familiaris L. through endotracheal tube 34 by equipment 1.Controller 30 has the programmable delay of holding one's breath, and when it finished, the air bleeding valve 40 in the exhaust line 42 was opened, and Canis familiaris L. can be exhaled.Filter 50 in the pipeline 42 is measured capacity and composition thereof, to monitor the medicine of any exhalation.Source gas by suction line 54, inlet valve 58, effusion meter 4 and the inlet mouth of pipe 59 is from compressed air steel cylinder (not shown).

Referring now to Fig. 3-5 and 7, the chemical compound 60 of a dosage is deposited on the rustless steel thin foil 64, so that the thickness of chemical compound 60 is less than 10 microns.In most of the cases, chemical compound 60 is sedimentary by prepare this compound solution with organic solvent.With automatization's pumping system this mixture is coated on the paper tinsel substrate then.As shown, the size of whole thin foil 64 (for example, thickness is 0.004 inch 302 or 304 alloys) is 0.7 * 2.9 inch, and the area of deposited compound 60 is 0.35 * 1.6 inch.Can use other thin foil material, but rustless steel compare with other material of similar aluminum and have advantage because it has much lower heat conductivity value, heat increases not obvious simultaneously.Because the heats that produce in the thin foil 64 should remain on interesting areas (that is, heating/evaporating area 70), thus heat conductivity to hang down be helpful.Thin foil 64 should have constant cross section, otherwise because the induced electric current of heater with inhomogeneous.Thin foil 64 remains in the framework 68, makes the trailing edge of thin foil 64 not have peristoma like this on removable slideway 78, and such chemical compound 60, in case mix with air, is not have (free) at the downstream direction shown in the arrow 127 of Fig. 3.Framework 68 is typically made by non-Heat Conduction Material, thus can stand suitable heat (for example, 200 ℃) and with (for example, the DELRIN of reaction non-chemically of this chemical compound

A kind of acetal with

Copolymer).

Parts 80 shown in Fig. 7 are made up of the framework 68 of the thin foil 64 that painting compound (60) wherein is installed.By each downstream tapered end of fixed frame 68, thereby paste mutually, so that parts 80 are fixed in the removable slideway 78, as shown in Figure 7 with the little bar of giving prominence to from the downstream of each slideway 78 86.Slideway 78 is driven by motor 88, and as shown in Figure 3, the longitudinal axis along embodiment 1 moves the parts 80 that contain chemical compound 60 like this.Mobile so successively rustless steel thin foil 64 passes through alternating magnetic field.(preferred magnetic confinement is in heating/evaporating area 70, as shown in Figure 5, and in this laboratory implementation example).Use ferrite core 90 to instruct magnetic field and place it in thin foil 64 times (for example, below about 0.05 inch).As shown in Figure 5, heat affected zone 70 roughly is 0.15 * 0.4 inch, and Yun Hang direction (that is, swimming over to downstream on the slave unit 1) has less size from left to right, and the direction (that is the width of equipment 1) of passing operation has big diameter.

Thin foil 64 plays the substrate and the heating element heater that be used to evaporate medicine of delivering drugs to the experimenter.Heating element heater 64 mainly is heated by the induced vortex flow of alternating magnetic field.Alternating magnetic field is to produce at the ferrite core 90 (for example, from Fair-Rite company) with slit 94 (for example, 0.10 inch wide), and the coil 98 of ferrite core 90 usefulness copper magnet-wires twines.When alternating current is passed through coil 98, in ferrite core 90, produce alternating magnetic field.The slit that formed by slit 94 is filled and from encircling 90 extended magnetic field edge lines 100, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 in magnetic field.Magnetic field line edge line 100 runs through heating element heater 64.When using ferrite core, the frequency limitation of magnetic field alternation is less than 1MHz.In this equipment, use the frequency of 100-300kHz usually.

The position of vortex flow and geometry have determined thin foil 64 with the position that is heated.Because magnetic field edge line 100 passes thin foil 64 twice, once leaves ferrite core 90, once returns, and produce two electric current loops, and direction is opposite.One of them ring is around magnetic field line 100 (leave ring 90) formation, and another ring is around magnetic field line 100 (returning ring 90) formation.Electric current loop directly overlaps the center of slit 94.Because their directions are opposite, so they lump together.Therefore produce the maximum heating effect at the center of slit 94.

Slideway 78 and content thereof are positioned at air channel 102 (being made of upper air duct section 104 and lower air duct section 108), as shown in Figure 3.Upper air duct section 104 is dismountable and can inserts removable slideway 78, parts 80 and thin foil 64.Lower air duct section 108 be installed in chassis 8 (electronic machine (not shown), magnetic field generator 110, motor 88 and position sensor (not shown) are housed) above.Referring again to Fig. 1, the inlet mouth of pipe 59 that the section of being in the wind 104 is equipped with upstream passageway 120 and upper air duct section 104 is linked to each other with effusion meter 4.To be installed in the electronic machine in the chassis 8 from the reading input of effusion meter 4.In addition, in the downstream of air channel path 10 2, will export 124 and link to each other with mouthpiece 126.During giving Canis familiaris L. with chemical compound 60, when linking to each other with this system, air is forced through suction line 54, effusion meter 4, air channel 102 and exports 124 and enters in the Canis familiaris L. body.

In addition, be positioned at air channel 102 and be used to measure the temperature of thin foil 64 at the pyrometer of TC2 line 130 ends.Owing to the particular geometric of example shown in Fig. 1-7, therefore after the thermal treatment zone 70, obtain the temperature reading of thin foil 64.Need to proofread and correct the heat fade between the thermal treatment zone 70 and the mensuration zone.Collect temperature data and use it for quantitative control and checking and be not used in any heating parameters of control.Second temperature sensor is positioned at the end of the TC1 line 132 of outlet 124, and is used to monitor the temperature of the air that is delivered to Canis familiaris L..

In the preferred embodiment of this testing equipment, detachable piece 140 is positioned at upper air duct section 104, and the cross-sectional area in restriction air channel 102 also provides specific mixing geometry therein.In this preferred embodiment, relative thin foil 64, air channel 140 makes the top cover of upper air duct section 104 reduce (for example, in 0.04 inch).In addition, piece 140 contains baffle plate (for example, diameter is 31 steel poles of 0.04 inch, does not show).These bars and thin foil vertically are orientated and extend to above upper air duct section 104 in the thin foil of small distance (for example, 0.004 inch).These bars are placed and the slightly pointed square end of tool with interlaced pattern, cause turbulent flow during by them when air like this.This turbulent flow has guaranteed that the chemical compound of evaporation fully mixes with air by this equipment.

Describe second example (150) of aerosolized equipment of the present invention with reference to Fig. 9, wherein cross-sectional area is restricted along the gas district.In this example, have Venturi tubes 152 in inlet 154, outlet 156 the shell 10 and be included in inlet 154 and export venturi 158 between 156, it is used for the gas flow of restricted passage Venturi tube 152.In addition, controller 160 through design with the flow of control by the air of valve 164 (based on the reading of the thermocouple 168 of air themperature, it can pass through heater 166 and control).

Piece 140 is located immediately on the thermal treatment zone 70 and produces heating/evaporation/mixed zone.Before beginning to produce aerosol, slideway 78 is positioned at downstream position.Slideway 78 and content thereof are pulled to the upstream then and enter this heating/evaporation/mixed zone 70, apply energy by the induction heater system that describes in detail below to thin foil 64 simultaneously.

The optional warning device that is equipped with of equipment of the present invention.One of many functions of warning device are that operator's chemical compound of alert device does not evaporate or evaporation inadequately.This warning device also can be used for the alert action, and person's gas flow rate exceeds required scope.Fig. 6 is a sketch of describing the 3rd example of hand-held aerosolized equipment 180 of the present invention.Just as shown, equipment 180 comprises many members of equipment 150 discussed above, comprises warning device 170 in addition.During use equipment 180, patient's suction rate controlled airflow rate wherein is adjusted to required scope with the alarm patient with suction velocity from the signal of warning device 170.In this case, controller 160 will link to each other with warning device 170 to send not within the required range desired signal of flow velocity.

Induction drive circuit 190 shown in Figure 8 is used for the induction-heating element heater of driving arrangement 1.The purpose of circuit 190 is to produce alternating current in the drive coil 98 that twines around ferrite core 90.Circuit 190 is rearranged with the bridge configuration by two P-channel transistors 200 and two N-passage mosfet transistors 202.The mosfet transistor 200 that links to each other with clock pulse generator 219 and 202 opens and closes through mosfet transistor drive circuit 210 in couples by D-D-flip flop 208.D-D-flip flop 208 with wire tying so that the Q of this trigger outlet with the rising edge alternation ground change state of clock generation signal.Q outlet on a pair of mosfet transistor 200 and the D-D-flip flop 208 links to each other and another exports with the non-Q-of trigger 208 202 and links to each other.When Q height (5 volts), between the tandem compound of this dc source (not shown) and drive coil 98 and capacitor, mosfet transistor 200 is produced a low impedance and be connected by this of Q control of export.When D-D-flip flop 208 change states and non-Q were high, 98 were connected with the Low ESR of the tandem compound of capacitor 220 and reverse from this power supply to drive coil.Because trigger 208 changes state at the rising edge of clock generation signal, a complete driving circulation of induction-heating element heater needs two triggers to change.This clock generation signal typically is adjusted into the twice of resonant frequency of the tandem compound of drive coil 90 and capacitor 220.The clock signal frequency can manually or automatically be adjusted.

Describe second example (150) of aerosolized equipment of the present invention with reference to Fig. 9, wherein its cross-sectional area also is restricted along the gas district.Use in this example in shell 10 and have inlet 154, outlet 156 and enter the mouth and 154 limit with the Venturi tube 152 of the venturi 158 of outlet between 156 and to pass the gas flow of Venturi tube 152.Controller 160 through design with the gas flow of control by valve 164 (based on the reading due to the heater 166) from the thermocouple 168 of gas temperature.

The 4th example (300) of aerosolized equipment of the present invention described with reference to Figure 10 and 11.Air-flow is fed the light-wall pipe 302 of the coating (310) that has chemical compound 60 inside.The flow velocity of air-flow is by valve 314 controls.Example 300 and other equipment can use resistive heating system (320) Fast Heating, the flow direction of the chemical compound of control evaporation simultaneously.After starting heating system 320, in heating/evaporating area 340, pass through electric current, carrier gas (for example, air, N simultaneously along pipe 302 with driver 330 ₂Deng) by the pipe 302 and with the gained vapor mixing.

Figure 12 has shown the alternation heating system of the 4th heating system that example is used 320.In this case, induction heater system 350 is made up of a plurality of ferrites 360 and is used for the magnetic flux amount with evaporation chemical compound 310.

Figure 13 shows the variant of the 4th example, and wherein flow restrictor 370 is installed in the light-wall pipe 302 to increase the flow of mist by the surface of chemical compound 310 by the supporter in the shell (not shown) 374.

The example 400 of aerosolized equipment of the present invention is described with reference to Figure 14.With regard to this example, chemical compound 60 is placed in the expandable container 402 (for example, the thin foil bag) and by resistance heater 406 heating, it is to be started by the actuator shown in Figure 14 410.The evaporation chemical compound that produces is forced into container 420 to be mixed by exit passageway 440 and with the gas that flows through pipe 404.When needs, adopt other step to stop or postpone chemical compound 60 and decompose.A step like this is during heating to remove or reduce to center on 60 oxygen.This can realize by for example seal the small container shell in inert environments.

The 6th example 500 of aerosolized equipment of the present invention described with reference to Figure 15.Under inert environments or vacuum, chemical compound 60 is placed in the container 502 in the shell 10 and by resistance heater 504 (starting) heating by the actuator shown in Figure 15 508.In case chemical compound 60 evaporations can be discharged into it in air-flow of process pipe 520 by exit passageway 510 then.

Figure 16 has shown the variant of equipment 500, wherein fan 530 circulation chemical compounds 60 lip-deep noble gases.From the noble gas of Compressed Gas steel cylinder (not shown) by entering the mouth 540 and check valve 550 enters and escape in the pipe 502 by exit passageway 510.

With reference to Figure 17 the 7th example of the present invention (600) described.The chemical compound (not shown), chemical compound 60 for example discussed above, be deposited on the substrate with discrete particle 602 (for example, the silicon dioxide of aluminium oxide (Alumina), silicon dioxide, coating, carbon, graphite, kieselguhr be usually used in the packing material of gas chromatogram with other).The granule of these coatings is placed in first pipe 604, is clipped between

filter

606 and 608 and and heats by resistance heater 610 (starting) by driver 620.By the steam of pipe 604 gained with manage 625 air or other gas by second and mix.

Figure 18 has shown the variant of equipment 600, and resistance heater 630 heated air wherein are afterwards by first pipe 604 and on discrete particle 602.

The 9th example 700 of aerosolized equipment of the present invention described with reference to Figure 19.Chemical compound 60 is deposited in the chamber 710 and by resistance heater 715 (starting by actuator 720) and heats.During heating, some chemical compounds 60 are evaporated and 710 dischargings from the chamber through the surface of chemical compound through inert gas entrance 725 and valve 728 by the noble gas that will enter shell 10.The mixture of the chemical compound of noble gas and evaporation mixes with the gas that passes pipe 735 then by passage 730.

The 9th example 800 of aerosolized equipment of the present invention described with reference to Figure 20.Thermoinduction substrate 802 heats by the upstream extremity of resistance heater 810 at pipe 820, and heat energy can be advanced along substrate 802.When ad-hoc location is observed, this produces a rate of heat addition (it is to be determined by the feature of thermoinduction substrate).By changing material and cross-sectional area thereof, can control the rate of heat addition.At one end resistance heater is imbedded in the substrate 802.Yet, it can be imbedded two ends or along many positions of substrate, and thermograde is moved along carrier and/or substrate.

The tenth example 900 of aerosolized equipment of the present invention described with reference to Figure 21 and 22.Air is guided by depositing the fine mesh metallic screen 902 of medicine.Sieve 902 crosses air channel passage 910 and places (for example, by 18mm glass tubing structure).The both sides of sieve and charged capacitor 920 are by thyristor (SCR) 922 circuit that is electrically connected to form.The electric charge of capacitor is adjusted at a such value through calculating also, when driver 930 is closed SCR 922, is transformed into the temperature required of in sieve 902 rising from the energy of capacitor 920.

Conventional consideration

The air-flow (for example air) that chemical compound (60) surface is passed in equipment utilization of the present invention cleans the molecule of evaporation.Opposite with condensation, this process drives evaporation, therefore can form aerosol under the moderate moisture relatively.Nicotine (1mg, 247 ℃ of bp/745mm), for example, in equipment of the present invention, under about 130 ℃, in less than 2 seconds, evaporate.Similarly, fentanyl (bp＞300 ℃/760mm) under about 190 ℃ with amount evaporation up to 2mg.

The aerocolloidal purity of using equipment of the present invention to produce is to improve by the time that restriction chemical compound (60) contacts with high temperature.This is to realize to evaporate it by the thin film of Fast Heating chemical compound.After entering carrier gas stream, immediately this steam is cooled off then.

Typically, chemical compound 60 stands the temperature rising at least 1,000 ℃/second.In some cases, the chemical compound temperature that stands at least 2,000 ℃/second, 5,000 ℃/second, 7,500 ℃ or 10,000 ℃/second raises.When being coated with thin film (for example, thickness is less than 10 μ m, 5 μ m, 4 μ m, 3 μ m, 2 μ m or 1 μ m), be easy to quick elevated temperature in chemical compound.Chemical compound is coated with thickness often at 10 μ m-10nm, 5 μ m-10nm, 4 μ m-10nm, 3 μ m-10nm, 2 μ m-10nm or even the thin film of 1 μ m-10nm.

Be rapidly heated and shallow layer has guaranteed that chemical compound goes up at short notice evaporation substantially.Typically, the chemical compound greater than 0.1mg, 0.25mg, 0.5mg, 0.75mg or 1mg evaporates in less than 100 microseconds from the heating beginning.Usually, the chemical compound of same amount evaporates in less than 75 microseconds, 50 microseconds, 25 microseconds or 10 microseconds from the heating beginning.

The examples for compounds that benefits because of Fast Heating in equipment of the present invention comprises lipophilic substance #87 and fentanyl.Lipophilic substance #87 when 425 ℃ down heating all decomposes more than 90% in the time of 5 minutes, but only 20% decomposition when temperature is lower than 350 ℃.The decomposition of material further is reduced to approximately 12% when reducing to for 30 seconds heat time heating time, and the decomposition of material is reduced to less than 2% when the 10-50 microsecond.The fentanyl sample decomposes when continuing 30 seconds fully when being heated to 200 ℃, and when heating and continuous 10 microseconds the 15-30% decomposition is only arranged.The evaporation fentanyl only decomposes less than 0.1% in equipment 1.

Figure 23 is the figure by the gross data of calculated with mathematical model.Referring to " AerosolTechnology " W.C.Hinds, second edition 1999, Wiley, New York.It has shown the time (in second) that is focused to half cost of its initial value as the aerosol of this number concentration of the function of granule density.For example, the chemical compound (molecular weight is 200, sneaks into 1 litres of air) of 1.0mg evaporation dosage has about 3 * 10 in this liter ¹⁸Individual molecule (granule).This makes that number concentration is 3 * 10 ¹⁵/ cc.From Figure 23 extrapolation, can see need be less than 10 microseconds when amounts of particles reduces by half in this example.Therefore, in order to ensure the chemical compound uniform mixing of evaporation, mixing must be carried out in the very short time.Figure 23 has shown that also the number concentration when mixture reaches about 10 ⁹During individual granule/cc, for by sucking the purpose of delivering drugs, particle diameter is " stablizing ".

Figure 23 is to be 5 * 10 at condensation coefficient (K) ^-16m ³The aerosol of/second.It is 200nm that this K value is equivalent to particle diameter.Along with change of size, its K value also can change.Following table 1 has provided the K value of different-grain diameter.When K increased, aerosol gathered the required time decreased of greater particle size from specified particle diameter.Can see that from table 1 and Figure 24 when in the scope of granule at 10nm-100nm, the effect that changes K is tending towards quickening the accumulation process towards the 100nm particle diameter.

Table 1

Particle diameter (in the diameter of nm)	Condensation coefficient (x e ^-15m ³/ second)
Particle diameter (in the diameter of nm)	Condensation coefficient (x e ^-15m ³/ second)	1	3.11
5	6.93	1	3.11
5	6.93	10	9.48
20	11.50	10	9.48
20	11.50	50	9.92
100	7.17	50	9.92
100	7.17	200	5.09
500	3.76	200	5.09
500	3.76	1000	3.35
2000	3.15	1000	3.35
2000	3.15	5000	3.04
10000	3.00	5000	3.04

When producing the aerosol of specified particle diameter, the quality of the chemical compound of evaporation is this controlled condition with the ratio of the volume of mist.By changing this ratio, can operate this particle diameter (referring to Figure 29).Yet not all chemical compound and all gas obtain identical particle size distribution (PSD) with identical ratio.Must understand the other factors ultimate size that just can calculate to a nicety.The density of chemical compound, polarity and temperature are some examples in these factors.In addition, whether chemical compound is hydrophilic or hydrophobicly will influence ultimate size, and this is because by from surrounding suction thereby the aerocolloidal growth tendency of this factor affecting.

In order to simplify the method that is used to predict ultimate size, carry out following hypothesis:

1. chemical compound is nonpolar (perhaps having low pole).

2. chemical compound is hydrophobic or hydrophilic with exsiccant mist.

3. final aerosol is under standard temperature and pressure (STP) or the temperature and pressure that is near the mark.

4. condensation coefficient is constant in this particle size range, therefore predicts that the number concentration of particle diameter stability is constant.

Therefore, when the prediction ultimate size, consider following variable:

1. the evaporation capacity of chemical compound (in gram).

2. be mixed into the gas volume (in cc) in the evaporation chemical compound.

3. stable in granule number/cc " number concentration.

4. aerocolloidal geometry standard deviation (GSD).

When GSD was 1, all particle diameters were identical sizes, so the calculating of particle diameter becomes the quality of chemical compound divided by particulate quantity that provides by number concentration and the density calculation particle diameter that uses chemical compound.If although GSD is not 1, this problem dissimilates so.When aerosol is 1 when becoming GSD and being 1.35 from GSD, mass median diameter (MMD) will increase.MMD be in less size particles and the granule of greater particle size in have the equilibrium point of the material of same amount.Because total amount is constant when GSD changes, and owing to having bulky grain and granule, so when GSD increases, owing to particulate quality along with cube the increasing of its diameter, so this MMD must become big.Therefore in fact larger particles is loaded with big weight, and this MMD becomes big and can not make mass balance.

In order to measure the influence that GSD changes, can be with the formula of the quality of aerocolloidal unit volume with known MMD, GSD, density and number concentration.This formula is from Finlay " TheMechanics of inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols " (2001, Academic publishing house).The quality that formula 2.39 has been described aerocolloidal unit volume is:

M＝(ρNπ/6)(MMD) ³exp[-9/2(lnσ _g) ²]

Wherein: ρ=density (in gm/cc)

The N=number concentration is (in granule/cc)

MMD=mass median diameter (in cm)

σ _g＝GSD

The quality of the aerocolloidal unit volume of M=(in gms/cc)

When aerosol becomes another GSD from a GSD, when density, number concentration and quality remain unchanged simultaneously, change if consider NMD, can set up following equation so:

ρNπ/6(MMD ₁) ³ exp[-9/2(lnσ _g1) ²]＝ρNπ/6(MMD ₂) ³exp[-9/2(lnσ _g2) ²]

Be reduced to:

(MMD ₁) ³exp[-9/2(lnσ _g1) ²]＝(MMD ₂) ³exp[-9/2lnσ _g2) ²]

Perhaps

(MMD ₁) ³/(MMD ₂) ³＝exp[-9/2(lnσ _g2) ²]/exp[-9/2(lnσ _g1) ²]

If setting the GSD of first kind of situation is 1.0, so:

exp[-9/2(lnσ _g1) ²＝1

And therefore:

(MMD ₁/MMD ₂) ³＝exp[-9/2(lnσ _g2) ²]

Perhaps:

MMD ₁/MMD ₂＝exp[-3/2(lnσ _g2) ²]

It is useful that NMD when calculating the GSD variation changes.Solve MMD ₂Be MMD ₁Function and obtain new GSD ₂:

MMD ₂=MMD ₁/ exp[-3/2 (ln σ _G2) ²], σ wherein _G1=1

In order to calculate MMD ₁, the quality of chemical compound divided by particulate quantity, is used its diameter of density calculation of chemical compound then.

MMD ₁=(6C/ ρ NV) ^1/3, wherein aerocolloidal GSD is 1

Wherein: the quality of C=chemical compound (in gm)

ρ=density (in gm/cc) (as described above)

The N=number concentration is (in granule/cc) (as described above)

The volume of V=mist (in cc)

With MMD ₁Obtain in the equation above inserting:

MMD ₂=(6C/ ρ NV π) ^1/3[exp[-3/2 (ln σ _G2) ²], in centimetre.

Can calculate final MMD by the volume and the aerocolloidal GSD of the quality of number concentration, chemical compound, chemical compound density, mist.

Required evaporation rate depends on the particle diameter of required acquisition.If particle diameter is in the scope of 10nm-100nm, chemical compound in case evaporate, in most of the cases must be mixed in the air of maximum possible volume so.The volume of this air be by lung physiological function decision and can suppose to have 2 liters the reasonable upper limit.If the volume defining of air (for example, 500cc), will obtain too big granule so, remove dose minimum (for example, less than 50 μ g) less than 2 liters.

In the scope of 10nm-100nm, dosage can be 1-2mg.If this dosage is sneaked in 2 litres of air, it will suck in second at 1-2, and required and desirable evaporation rate is in the about 2mg/ of the about 0.5-scope of second.

First example of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1 and is that the principle quoted as proof has above obtained the basic equipment that proves at laboratory.Describe this equipment in an embodiment in detail.

In second example of the present invention shown in Fig. 9, use the speed of the air that air channel that cross section reduces will be by the chemical compound surface to increase to about 10 meter per seconds.If take place fully to mix in 1 microsecond, gas and evaporating mixture must pass through to realize that well-mixed distance must be not more than 10 millimeters so.Yet it is comparatively ideal taking place fully to mix before chemical compound gathers greater particle size, normally about 1 millimeter or littler of required like this mixing distance.

In the 4th example of the present invention shown in Figure 10-13, in heating process by air is produced the aerosol have in the scope of MMAD at 10nm-100nm in cleaning on the thin film of chemical compound.Because near the partial pressure of the chemical compound film surface reduces, and makes chemical compound evaporate at a lower temperature.

The 6th example and the 8th example shown in Figure 19 shown in the 5th example shown in Figure 14, Figure 15 and 16 have overcome at high temperature some chemical compound and oxygen rapid-action problem.In order to address this problem, (the 4th example), small container shell are under vacuum or contain on a small quantity in expandable container with this chemical compound, and for example, the noble gas of the about 10ml of about 1-(the 5th example) is middle to be heated.In case chemical compound evaporates and mixes with noble gas, this gaseous mixture remains on enough maintenance chemical compounds under the temperature of evaporating state simultaneously, then this gaseous mixture is injected air-flow.The noble gas of this volume also can evaporate to help it in the surperficial cocycle that is subjected to thermal compound, as shown in figure 16.In the 7th example, chemical compound joins in the gas with pure steam.This relates in stove or other container the chemical compound evaporation, by one or more mixing nozzles steam is injected in air or other air-flow then.

In the 6th example shown in Figure 17-18, gas is by first pipe and on discrete chip particle (have big surface area and mass ratio, and be coated with this chemical compound).As shown in figure 17, with the heating of these granules with the chemical compound evaporation, perhaps with gas heating and this chemical compound of gas evaporation of being heated, as shown in figure 18.Mix so that this mixture is cooled off fast with gas from the gaseous mixture of first pipe, give the patient with it then by second pipe.

The 8th example shown in Figure 20 is and the equipment 1 similar thermal gradient equipment that is used for laboratory test.This example also has a mobile thermal treatment zone, but without any movable part, it be by set up one in time the horizontal thermal gradient that adds of end to end of slave unit realize.When moved the thermal treatment zone, the expose portion of chemical compound was heated continuously and evaporates.Can for a long time the evaporation chemical compound be joined in the air-flow by this way.

The 9th example shown in Figure 21-22 is that sieve apparatus and preferred the generation are contained the particulate aerosol of MMAD greater than 100nm.In this example, the gas channeling fine mesh sieves, and will wait to give patient's drug deposition thus.

Top example can produce medicine does not have the significantly aerosol of decomposition.When realizing this point, under the control particle diameter, kept required evaporation rate by the heat cycles of using the short time.At the lip-deep air-flow of chemical compound is to set up like this, and when chemical compound was heated and reach the temperature that at first can evaporate, the gained compound steam will cool off in air immediately.In these preferred embodiments, this is to extend the speed and the mixed zone that increase to realize in the zone greater than the thermal treatment zone.As a result, owing to reach the moment chemical compound evaporation of chemical compound evaporating temperature, therefore do not need accurately to control temperature.Owing to also have mixing, therefore in evaporation, realize cooling apace in addition at evaporating point.

The present invention is used for the people and sucks the restriction that medicine is sent necessary adaptation human body and physiology of respiration function.In the field of public health, environment, toxicology and radiogical safety, carried out the research of many particle depositions in lung.Data in most models of collecting from these researchs and the body relate to people and are exposed to equally distributed aerosol in the air that their breathe, and wherein the experimenter does not do anything on one's own initiative, and sedimentary granule minimizes or maximizes in the lung thereby make.ICRP (ICRP) model is such example.(referring to James AC, StahlhofenW, Rudolph G, Egan MJ, Nixon W, Gehr P, Briant JK, The respiratory Tract deposition model proposed by the ICRP Task Group,Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 1991; The 38th volume: the 157-168 page or leaf).

Yet, send the field at the aerosol medicine, make the patient in lung, maximize sedimentary mode and breathe with medicine.This breathing generally includes fully and exhales, sucks deeply then, and sometimes with in regulation sucks flow rates, for example, and about 150 liters/minute of about 10-, then exhaling continues several seconds.In addition, ideally, aerosol is distributed in when sucking in the air unevenly, but be written into the breathing of previous section with the aerosol pill, then be the fresh air of certain volume, aerosol is inhaled in the lung like this, and washes conductivity trachea, bronchus and trachea by the fresh air of this volume.Usually adult's volume of deeply breathing is about 2-5 liter.In order to ensure constant sending in whole adult patients group, sending of bolus of drug should be finished about a 1-1.5 who sucks air rises.

Suck the result of the restriction that medicine sends as the people, chemical compound should preferably be not more than 1-2 second with the time evaporation of minimum.As previously discussed, it also is useful that evaporating temperature is kept minimum.In order to evaporate chemical compound in 2 seconds or less time under the temperature that keeps minimum, air moves fast, in about 120 liters/minute scope of about 10-, should flow through the surface of chemical compound.

Because physiology, the physics of germination and the physical chemistry of required compound of people's lung, following parameter is best when using equipment of the present invention:

(1) chemical compound should evaporate to produce the granule of ultra-fine scope in second at about 1-2.

(2) chemical compound should be increased to evaporating temperature as quickly as possible.

(3) evaporation in a single day, chemical compound should cool off as quickly as possible.

(4) chemical compound should be increased to the lasting minimum time of maximum temperature so that decomposition minimizes.

(5) air or other gas should pass through the surface of chemical compound fast to obtain maximum evaporation rate.

(6) heating of air or other gas should keep minimum, i.e. the increase of temperature is no more than 15 ℃ of room temperatures.

(7) chemical compound should mix with air or other gas to have constant and particle diameter repeatably with constant rate of speed.

(8) gas velocity increases when surpassing the chemical compound that evaporates, and the cross-sectional area by this equipment should reduce.And when the surface area of chemical compound increased, adding of gas was heat gain.

The parameter that designs for one of example shown in Fig. 2-5,7 and 8 is result satisfied and listed contention parameter above the balance.Containing the particulate aerocolloidal particular importance requirement of MMAD between 10nm-100nm is chemical compound, when need evaporating in the time at least 1 second, also needs to make the chemical compound of each part to stand short as far as possible heat time heating time.In the present embodiment, chemical compound is deposited on the thin foil substrate and along the inswept alternating magnetic field of thin foil substrate of this substrate of heating, chemical compound sequential evaporation in the time that is no more than about 1 second like this.Because the cleaning effect in magnetic field, each section chemical compound has the heat time heating time far below 1 second.

In the example of directly mentioning in the above, chemical compound is placed on the metal leaf.Among the described below embodiment, use rustless steel (302,304 or 316 alloy), wherein the surface is through handling to produce rough texture.Can use other thin foil material, but the surface of material and quality are important, like this when chemical compound is its liquid phase by this chemical compound with its " show profit ", otherwise for liquid compound can " ball up " (will destroy the structure of equipment and significantly change the parameter of volatilizing).If liquid compound " balls up ", chemical compound can be blown into and pick up, even without evaporation by air-flow.Cause sending not control and undesirable particle diameter like this.

Because rustless steel has lower thermal conductivity values, heat does not significantly increase, so it is compared with the material of similar aluminum and has benefit.Because the caloric requirement that this method produces remains on interested direct zone, therefore low heat conductivity is helpful.

Embodiment

The following examples have further described method of the present invention and various example.These embodiment are purpose of description, and do not mean that the scope that limits claims by any way.

Embodiment 1

Result in the body of use-case 1

At this embodiment, among the embodiment 1, design in the scope with ultra-fine grain diameter, is given the Canis familiaris L. of 10kg with the fentanyl of the test dose between the 20 μ g-500 μ g with the air delivery of about 800cc.The lung volume of every Canis familiaris L. is about 600-700cc during test, and this equipment through design with first partly the be delivered to lung of chemical compound to suck.Because these parameter values, the equipment 1 in this test can be thought 1/4 grade equipment that gives dosage to the people.It is believed that measurement device comprises the air-flow of main increase by this equipment to people experimenter's work.Chemical compound is joined the time period passes adjustment of heating/evaporation/mixed zone, make chemical compound be evaporated to that (this volume is applicable to required volume of Canis familiaris L. pneumography (600-700cc) and the control chemical compound volume required with the ratio of air in the air of certain volume.

Below be the order of each operating period event:

1. in when beginning operation, the operator triggers and sucks controller 30 and begin to monitor reading from pressure transducer 240 and input flow rate meter 4.

2. controller 30 sends signals to controller 20 beginning examples 1 and the data from two temperature sensors and effusion meter 4 of beginning to collect.

3. after the delay of pre-programmed, example 1 begins to produce aerosol.(annotating: between controller 30 beginnings and aerosol begin to produce, have the delay in about 0.4 second).

4. postpone (from initial flop signal) afterwards in pre-programmed independently, controller 30 is opened transfer valve 58 beginnings and is forced to be drawn in the Canis familiaris L. under experimental condition.

5. example 1 is finished aerocolloidal generation during sucking.

6. monitor effusion meter 4 and pressure transducers 240 at whole suction process middle controller 30, and when satisfying predetermined or pressure, turn off flowing of transfer valve 58.(annotate: predetermined pressure is the security feature that prevents to injure animal subject.Stopping breathing with predetermined is the required generation of test.)

7. keeping holding one's breath delay (5 second) afterwards, opening air bleeding valve 40 and Canis familiaris L. is exhaled.

8. the aerosol of Hu Chuing captures the analysis that is used for the back on the discharge filter 40.The following value of controller 30 records: the time of dispersive volume, final pressure, air pulse and mean flow rate.Controller 20 is with microsecond resolution continuous record input flow velocity, discharge speed, thin foil temperature, mouthpiece temperature, slipway location, heater ON/OFF time and other built in diagnostics electrical quantity.

The beagle bitch of 3 weight-matched is accepted fentanyl with 100 μ g intravenous pill dosage.Identical Canis familiaris L. sucks accepts the fentanyl UF that particle diameter is 80nm (MMAD) (100 μ g are aerosolized and give with two continuous activatory equipment 1, contain the 50 μ g fentanyl base materials of having an appointment).By the Canis familiaris L. that system shown in Figure 1 anaesthetizes this aerosol, the target delivery volume is the 600-700ml air, then keeps holding one's breath for 5 seconds.After the administration, obtain plasma sample 2 minutes-24 hours different time points and be used for pharmacokinetic analysis.The fentanyl of staying in the equipment 1 is reclaimed and measures.Use the GC method of checking to measure fentanyl concentration, determination limit is 0.2ng/ml.

The blood plasma pharmacokinetics of present embodiment is compared with intravenous (IV) fentanyl (100 μ g) of identical Canis familiaris L..Suck the feasible (C soon that absorbs of fentanyl _Max, the Cmax in the blood plasma, 11.6ng/ml and T _Max, maximum time, 2 minutes) and bioavailability height (84%).The time of the fentanyl that sucks is approaching identical with the IV fentanyl.Therefore, inhalant fentanyl UF have with IV injection similar contact collection of illustrative plates.

The non-interval of use standard pharmacokinetics method is calculated the pharmacokinetic parameters of each animal.Determine Cmax (C in the blood plasma by measuring these data _Max) and the maximum time (T that carries out _Max).Area under the curve (AUC) of mensuration plasma concentration relative time.The bioavailability of the fentanyl of following definite suction (F):

F＝(DIV/DINHAL)*(AUCINHAL/AUCIV)

Wherein D is a dosage, and AUC is the AUC of the time point that can measure at last.

The data (to IV dosage and inhalation dose) of the blood levels of the Canis familiaris L. that has obtained with example 1 described equipment 1 above Figure 26 has drawn and used.

The fentanyl aerosol is observed identical T by fast Absorption in two administration paths _Max(2 minutes, the earliest time point).The aerocolloidal maximal plasma concentration of fentanyl (11.6 ± 1.9ng/ml) almost be the IV fentanyl (17.6 ± 3.6ng/ml) 2/3.After IV administration 6-8 hour and after sucking aerosol 3-4 hour, plasma concentration is lower than the quantitative assay limit.But it is to observe to the AUC of the last minute point of inhalation that bioavailability calculates.The bioavailability that sucks research is 84% (based on nominal (uncorrected) fentanyl dosage).

Similar at IV (75.4 minutes) with the average blood plasma elimination half-life after the inhalation dose.The phase that distributes after the two kinds of administration paths half-life (3-4 minute) is also similar.Variability is low between the animal of pharmacokinetic parameters after sucking, and it is observed that relative standard deviation (RSD＜25%) is lower than the IV administration.

Embodiment 2

The in vitro results of use-case 1

Following table 2 has gathered the data that use-case 1 is collected at the external test fentanyl.Particle diameter is measured with the Moudi cascade impactor.

Table 2

Compound quality (μ g)	Mixing air volume (cc)	MMAD(nm)	GSD
Compound quality (μ g)	Mixing air volume (cc)	MMAD(nm)	GSD	20	400	71	1.9
25	400	72-78	1.7-1.8	20	400	71	1.9
25	400	72-78	1.7-1.8	50	400	77-88	1.7-185
100	400	100-105	1.4-1.8	50	400	77-88	1.7-185
100	400	100-105	1.4-1.8	200	400	103-123	1.6-1.9
300	400	140-160	1.8-2.1	200	400	103-123	1.6-1.9

Embodiment 3

Use-case 1 preparation aerosol particulate

In the present embodiment, example 1 is changed slightly and changed flow velocity, discuss as following, the preparation particle size range is at the thin aerosol of 1-3 micron.

Remove air duct sections 140 and change air duct heating/evaporating area 70.Air channel insert (not shown) has on thin foil 0.25 inch " top cover ".There is not mixing rod, because do not need rapid mixing in the present embodiment.Because these two equipment change, and are therefore much smaller with Air mixing, so steam/aerosol cloud mixes and produce the aerosol of greater particle size with less air.Airflow rate is lower than 1 liter/minute in the present embodiment.Moreover this can make steam mix with less air, obtains the aerosol of greater particle size.

There is the thin foil 64 in the high examples for compounds 1 to run into the certain operations problem with high load.The chemical compound of measuring, dioctyl phthalate (DOP) is a kind of oil, and in aerosolization process, blows away not aerosolized in a large number with the wind.3 substitutes that design are in addition addressed this problem, comprise changing the substrate surface that deposits this chemical compound.In these three substitutes, make this chemical compound of this substrate " clamping " by utilizing quality.They are: a) matter structure thin foil; B) on the thin foil top, add stainless steel sift; With, c) replace thin foil with the rustless steel dusting cover.

Present embodiment the results are shown in following table 3:

Table 3

Type of substrate	MMAD, micron	GSD	The dosage of emitting, μ g
Type of substrate	MMAD, micron	GSD	The dosage of emitting, μ g	Matter structure thin foil	1.49 micron	1.9	97
Matter structure thin foil	2.70 micron	1.95	824	Matter structure thin foil	1.49 micron	1.9	97
Matter structure thin foil	2.70 micron	1.95	824	Dusting cover is only arranged	1.59 micron	1.8	441
Dusting cover is only arranged	1.66 micron	1.8	530	Dusting cover is only arranged	1.59 micron	1.8	441
Dusting cover is only arranged	1.66 micron	1.8	530	Sieve is on thin foil	2.42 micron	2.2	482

As shown in top, use equipment 1 only can obtain tiny particle diameter by the ratio that changes chemical compound and mixing air.

Embodiment 4

The in vitro results of use-case 700

With one jar of partially filled DOP and be placed in the stove (not shown) with entrance and exit.DOP is used as the mensuration chemical compound.This jar helium purge, heating this jar to the temperature of its content then is 350 ℃.With the helium pumping by this jar and be used for taking DOP steam out of outlet.The gaseous mixture of the chemical compound 60 of helium and evaporation is added in the mixing tube of different sizes by nozzle.There is air to pass through them in each pipe with 14 liters/minute.Nozzle is vertical with flow direction.This gaseous mixture is with after air mixes, and the gained aerosol joined in the diffusion battery of PARALLEL FLOW to be used for granularmetric analysis.The results are shown in following table 4.

Table 4

Mixed pipe diameters (ID)	MMAD	GSD
Mixed pipe diameters (ID)	MMAD	GSD	4.8mm	65nm	1.3
14mm	516nm	3.3	4.8mm	65nm	1.3

As can be seen from the above, when caliber increased, particle diameter also increased.In addition, when this diameter was big, GSD was also bigger.When pipe is big, it is believed that GSD is big as a result because vaporized gas adds with a source, and this gas joins in the less segmental mist, causes inhomogeneous mixing.

Embodiment 5

The in vitro results of use-case 800

In order to confirm the effectiveness of example 800, at the cartridge heater of one 150-watt of the end configuration of the long aluminium flake of a 4-inch.This heater is powered with the variac direct-current transformer.The thickness of aluminium flake is transverse to the other end to guarantee in 30 seconds roughly heat from an end of aluminium flake through design.

On aluminium flake, breach of machine-building is to adorn this chemical compound and to fix one of two top covers.The breach that is used for chemical compound is about 3.5 inches long and 0.4 inch wide.Dark 0.025 inch of breach, and be filled with the DOP of 1mg.

First top cover is made up of a flat sheet glass of 0.04 inch placement on the area of heating surface, produces an air channel.Be equipped with an outlet with can be at its port of export with air suction assay determination equipment.Make air cross this air channel with 15 liters/minute velocity flow.

In second configuration, top cover uses the semicylinder of being made by glass to replace.Make the cross-sectional area in air channel increase an order of magnitude like this.

These two configurations are measured particle diameter and shown the influence that is subjected to the air channel cross-sectional area.

What derive from thermal gradient test the results are shown in following table 5:

Table 5

Lid size and cross section	MMAD	GSD
Lid size and cross section	MMAD	GSD	Little	92nm	1.4
Greatly	650nm	Unknown	Little	92nm	1.4

As implied above, when the result confirmed that cross section becomes big, it is big that particle diameter also becomes.

Embodiment 6

The in vitro results of use-case 900

In the aerocolloidal present embodiment of preparation, air channel passage 910 is that the glass tubing of 18mm constitutes by diameter.Yet this passage can be made the suitable Any shape of cross-sectional area by any suitable material.Select the amount of sieve size, order and chemical compound in the present embodiment so that gas can be by sieve, in case and chemical compound deposit to above it and also do not disturb.

Because the internal resistance of sieve is low, is 0.01-0.2 ohm, so the discharge rate of capacitor (RC time constant) is fast, and in the rank of several microseconds, promptly less than 20 microseconds, preferably in the scope of about 10 microseconds of about 2-.By capacitor 902 discharges and 902 heating of ensuing sieve, sedimentary chemical compound rapid evaporation.Because air moves by sieving 902, the therefore chemical compound of evaporation and air rapid mixing and cooling.

This chemical compound is deposited on by 316 rustless steels and makes and have on the rustless steel dusting cover of size of 2.54cm * 2.54cm, for example 200 orders.The electric current of capacitor is passing through on one side and between the another side.Because the air fast moving, therefore this chemical compound does not need this sieve is heated to the temperature that can compare with the thin foil among the embodiment 1 with lower temperature evaporation.Because as long as steam one forms, air-flow is taken away compound steam from the surface consistently, so the air fast moving can make chemical compound to evaporate than low-steam pressure.Therefore, chemical compound can not decompose with the lower temperature evaporation.

Chemical compound is deposited on the sieve to mix up to compound dissolution with organic solvent by chemical compound and realizes.Be coated to gained solution on the rustless steel dusting cover 902 then and make solvent evaporation.To sieve then and insert on the clamper 940, be electrically connected with circuit recited above thereby will sieve 902 both sides.

With 1, the discharge of 000mF capacitor makes gas by sieving 902 simultaneously.It is gas that the sieve Fast Heating causes the chemical compound rapid evaporation.Therefore the compound of gained evaporation is in a small amount of gas.Because the quality of chemical compound is big with the ratio of the volume of mist, therefore make aerosol particulate (1-3 micron diameter).

Embodiment 7

Form aerocolloidal flash unit

One high energy flashcube (GE or Sylvania) (can produce the electric energy of 300-400J) is inserted in the anodization aluminum pipe.Be immersed in this flashcube/duct member in the organic solution that contains medicine and taking-up fast.By these parts are placed 30 minutes in vacuum chamber the residual solvent in these parts evaporated.On the outer surface of aluminum pipe, stay the coated drug thin film like this.With copper cash these flashbulb parts are electrically connected with two 1.5V batteries and a switch, are enclosed in then in the seal glass bottle.Carry out the red-hot of this flashbulb by the switch of opening at any time between flashbulb and the battery.After red-hot, bottle was closed 30 minutes, so that the drug particles of evaporation condenses and is condensate in the inner surface of bottle.Aerocolloidal analysis comprises with 5mL acetonitrile flushing bottle and with the sample of organic solution and being injected among the HPLC.

Measure to show that with fast thermocouple aluminum pipe is at 50 microsecond internal heating to 600 ℃.Converting the rate of heat addition like this to is 12,000 °/s.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that by removing sealed vial and comprising that a shell to hold these parts and electronic component, can change into the testing equipment that describes in detail above the suction delivery device.This shell will contain air intake and mouthpiece, and when drug volatilization, the air-breathing aerosol that will be loaded with formation enters in experimenter's the lung like this.

Embodiment 8

Relation between film thickness and the aerosol purity

Sldenafil is dissolved in a small amount of dichloromethane.The gained solution coat to a slice fine aluminium thin foil, and is evaporated residual solvent.The thin foil of coating is placed on uses hot plate to be preheated on 275 ℃ the aluminium block.One pyrex glass flask synchronously is placed on this thin foil, and the material of coating was evaporated 1 minute.Take off flask, and use the aerosol of dichloromethane extraction absorption.HPLC analyzes the aliquot of (250nm) this extract, obtains aerocolloidal purity data.Use this step to obtain following data: 3.4 μ m thickness, 84.8% purity; 3.3 μ m thickness, 80.1% purity; 1.6 μ m thickness, 89.8% purity; 0.8 μ m thickness, 93.8% purity; 0.78 μ m thickness, 91.6% purity; 0.36 μ m thickness, 98.0% purity; 0.34 μ m thickness, 98.6% purity; 0.29 μ m thickness, 97.6% purity; With 0.1 μ m thickness, 100% purity.

Embodiment 9

The screening medicine is to determine the conventional steps of aerosolized Possibility-Satisfactory Degree

Medicine (1mg) is dissolved or suspended in a small amount of solvent (for example, dichloromethane or methanol).This solution or suspension are inhaled the mid portion of the thin aluminum foil sheet that moves on to 3cm * 3cm.The thin foil of this coating is fixed around the end winding of 1.5cm diameter bottle and with paraffin.Hot plate is preheated to about 300 ℃, and this bottle is placed on the thin foil side downwards.After beginning volatilization or decomposing, bottle was placed for 10 seconds on this hot plate.Remove after this hot plate, bottle is cooled to room temperature.Remove thin foil, the bottle dichloromethane extraction is then used saturated NaHCO ₃Aqueous solution extraction.Organic and aqueous extract is swayed together, separates, and with organic extract at Na ₂SO ₄Last dry.Take out the aliquot of organic solution and be injected into anti-phase HPLC, by absorbing the 225nm light measurement.Preferably be used for aerosolized greater than 85% medicine by the isolating purity of this method.This medicine has the decomposition index less than 0.15.This decomposition index is to deduct purity percent (that is, 0.85) by 1 to obtain.

Those skilled in the art can with aforementioned embodiments combination or constitute various other embodiments of method and apparatus of the present invention and the aspect so that their adapt to special-purpose and condition.And these changes and improvements are all suitable, just and plan in all full scope of equivalents of following claims.

Claims

1. A method for forming an aerosol for inhalation therapy, comprising:

(a) heating the substrate coated with the drug-containing composition at a rate greater than 1000°C/s, thereby forming steam; and,

(b) cooling the vapor, thereby forming an aerosol, which is used for inhalation therapy.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is heated at a rate of about 2,000°C/s.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein greater than 0.1 mg of the composition evaporates in less than 100 microseconds from the onset of heating.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is heated at a rate greater than 5,000°C/s.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein greater than 0.25 mg of the composition evaporates in less than 100 microseconds from the onset of heating.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the substrate is heated at a rate greater than 7,500°C/s.

7. A method of forming an aerosol for inhalation therapy, comprising:

(a) heating a substrate coated with a drug-containing composition to form a vapor, wherein the coated composition is in the form of a thin film, and wherein a dose of the drug evaporates in less than 2 seconds;

(b) cooling the vapor thereby forming an aerosol for use in inhalation therapy, wherein the aerosol is characterized as containing less than 10% by weight of drug breakdown products and the aerosol has an MMAD of less than 3 μm.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the substrate coated with the drug-containing composition is heated at a rate greater than 1,000°C/s.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the substrate is heated at a rate of about 2,000°C/s.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein greater than 0.1 mg of the composition evaporates in less than 100 microseconds from heating.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein the substrate is heated at a rate greater than 5,000°C/s.

12. The method of claim 4, wherein greater than 0.25 mg of the composition evaporates in less than 100 microseconds from the onset of heating.

13. The method of claim 7, wherein said aerosol is characterized by an MMAD of 1-31 [mu]m.

14. The method of claim 7, wherein said aerosol is characterized by an amount of degradation products of less than 5%.

15. The method of claim 7, wherein said aerosol is characterized by an amount of degradation products of less than 3%.

16. The method of claim 7, wherein a dose of drug vaporizes in less than 1 second.