CN101532931B - Experimental method of simulating dynamic and static load and device thereof - Google Patents
Experimental method of simulating dynamic and static load and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101532931B CN101532931B CN2009100616440A CN200910061644A CN101532931B CN 101532931 B CN101532931 B CN 101532931B CN 2009100616440 A CN2009100616440 A CN 2009100616440A CN 200910061644 A CN200910061644 A CN 200910061644A CN 101532931 B CN101532931 B CN 101532931B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental method of simulating dynamic and static load and a device thereof, relating to indoor model experimental technique of geotechnical engineering. The structure of the device is as follows: a model experimental platform (1), a model experimental box (2) and a load transmitting lever (3) are sequentially connected; the load transmitting lever (3) is respectively connected with a static load system (4) and a dynamic load system (5) which are respectively connected with a dynamic signal testing system (6); the dynamic signal testing system (6), a data acquisition system (7) and a computer (8) are sequentially connected. The device caries out dynamic and static load experiments on different structure models, and can monitor and collect non-linear properties of deformation and stress of gneiss under complex load condition in real time. The device has intuitional testing principle, simple structure, high precision, good stability, easy operation, convenient detachment and no high technical requirement to mounting and testing workers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering indoor model test technology, relate in particular to a kind of test method and device thereof of simulating dynamic and static load.
Background technology
Dynamic and static load often exists in foundation deformation and stable stability of structure article analysis, for example: gravity laod, earthquake load, wind load and blast are to the effect of skyscraper, flowing pressure is to the effect of dam, wave is to the impact of seashore and offshore production platform, and vehicle is to the influence of road operation etc.Very big change has taken place in soil and works its characteristic under dynamic and static power load action, therefore soil and works The Characteristic Study under dynamic and static power load action is related to the important work in Geotechnical Engineering field.Also few about soil and works at present to the research of dynamic and static load response characteristic aspect.
Hold the time and can be divided into three kinds of cyclic load (cyclic loading), impact load and abnormal loads by dynamic load with time relation: cyclic load be meant with the load of same amplitude and cycle reciprocation cycle effect (as wave load and mechanical vibration etc.); Impact load is very big, the very short load when holding of intensity; Abnormal load is the load (as earthquake load) that does not have rule to change in time.In the experimental study, basically abnormal load is simulated according to cyclic load or impact load.
Under the dynamic load effect, there is bigger difference with the mechanical behavior of structure down in soil with static state.In early days, LOADING RATES (or stress rate) is adopted in Europe, and the U.S. adopts rate of strain to weigh; The basic at present unified Changing Pattern that reflects soil and structure dynamic mechanical behavior with rate of strain.In recent years, in order to obtain the dynamic mechanics parameter of soil and structures, the researcher has done many correlation tests both at home and abroad, but the result differs bigger.The reason that causes this species diversity is many-sided, but main be the test apparatus of the test method that adopts and use different due to.For this reason, should be well understood to the test principle and the scope of application of various test methods and instrument.
The electro-hydraulic servo testing machine that occur the seventies in last century can carry out hard brittle material single shaft and triaxial test well, and can measure the overall process curve of its xial feed, axial deformation, transversely deforming and cubic deformation etc.; Equipment commonly used has American MTS and Britain INSTRON Electro-hydraulic Servo Testing System etc.The researcher has successively carried out Concrete Strength and Deformation and dynamically tension test under the dynamic load, and adopt large-scale quiet, moving three Electro-hydraulic Servo Testing System, to the three-dimensional under the various stress ratios draw, pressure and the symphyogenetic quiet dynamic test of tension and compression, concrete dynamic property and resistance to vibration under concrete fatigue performance, the impact load under the analysis cycle load.
In the dynamic interaction analysis and place, coastal waters earthquake estimation of stability of present earthquake estimation of stability at place seismic response analysis, earthen structure, soil-stake-structural system, people remove to be familiar with and to measure the kinematic behavior and the kinetic parameter of soil from different angles and method for a long time; General employing shaking table, resonance post, moving torsion shear apparatus, dynamic triaxial apparatus or the test determination of circulation simple shear apparatus.The test strain of resonant column test is less, the index when can be the ground dynamic response analysis small strain being provided; But moving torsion shear apparatus simulated field stress condition is to measure the comparatively desirable instrument of dynamic index, however this apparatus structure complexity, and operating difficulties only can be done disturbed soil.Moving triaxial test can directly be measured the damping ratio of big range of strain, can conveniently apply various stress during test to adapt to engineering reality, is by the most widely used test method in the shop experiment; The circulation simple shear apparatus can directly be measured the damping ratio of big range of strain, can the most directly reappear the situation that on-the-spot soil layer bears the macroseism condition.Because various test apparatus equipment, test method, data processing method etc. all are not quite similar, domestic rules, standard all have than big difference.
Except shop experiment research, numerical analysis provides effective means, utilization FEM software ANSYS, method of finite difference FLAC for the dynamic and static force characteristic research of soil
3D, method such as discrete element, boundary element carried out the dynamic response analysis to the dark cave of loess under the effect of vehicle dynamic load to subgrade stability, systematic study dynamic load amplitude, frequency and engineering factor be to the influence of vertical array underground chamber group stability, and the dynamic and static load action response of the kinetic effect of load and pavement structure etc.
Characteristics based on the monitoring of the dynamic response of rock soil mass and structures under the present sound loading condition, research is applicable to the monitoring method and the device thereof of rock soil mass distortion, stress under the multiple dynamic load condition of simulation, has important engineering application value for engineering design optimization, failure mechanism analysis, estimation of stability and prediction.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to overcome the shortcoming and defect of indoor moving three of the simple dependence of prior art, shaking table, resonance post etc., a kind of test method and device thereof of simulating dynamic and static load to be provided.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
One, a kind of test method of simulating dynamic and static load
This method comprises the following steps:
1. the model test platform is provided with the counterforce device that applies the sound load, for the transmission of load applies counter-force, Load Transfer lever and model test case is installed on it;
2. model casing one side is dismountable transparent plexiglass plate, can intuitively watch rock soil mass and the variation of works model under load action in the case, the SEA LEVEL VARIATION in the water supply tank of installing on it, water level pipe and the draw-off valve energy implementation model case;
3. the Load Transfer lever is connected with test platform by counterforce device, is provided with the lever self-balance device with the influence of balanced lever deadweight to test, and the lever that load applies end is provided with chute, can realize applying the continuous adjustment of static load;
4. computing machine is by control power amplifiers, and the dynamic load waveform signal that output is default is controlled electromagnetic exciter, and the exciting beam is applied oscillatory load, makes it the Load Transfer lever is produced downward exciting force, exciting force and amplitude scalable;
5. import the signal of displacement, stress and pore water pressure sensor into data acquisition system (DAS) with data line, data acquisition system (DAS) is connected into computing machine by computer bus;
6. utilize collection, transmission, demonstration and the record of computer regulating dynamic test information.
Two, a kind of test unit of simulating dynamic and static load
This device comprises model test platform, model test case, Load Transfer lever, dead load system, dynamic load system, Dynamic Signal test macro, data acquisition system (DAS) and computing machine;
Model test platform, model test case, Load Transfer lever connect successively;
The Load Transfer lever is connected with dead load system, dynamic load system respectively;
Dead load system, dynamic load system are connected with the Dynamic Signal test macro respectively;
Dynamic Signal test macro, data acquisition system (DAS) and computing machine are connected successively.
This device principle of work:
By the dead load system rock soil mass in the model casing and works model are applied static load, utilize computing machine, power amplifier and vibrator simulating vehicle, wave, wind, earthquake, impact etc. that rock soil mass and works model are applied multi-form dynamic load, by dynamic monitoring, determine rock soil mass and the dynamic response feature of works model to different loads to displacement disposed therein, pore water pressure and soil pressure sensor.
Whole process has realized the real-time monitoring of rock soil mass and works model dynamic response under the sound combination condition.
The present invention has the following advantages and good effect:
1. can overcome the grating and the size effect problem of rock soil mass material in the conventional test, can carry out dynamic and static loading test at different structures models.
2. the frequency of dynamic load, amplitude and exciting force are controlled, can add the static load of setting in advance, and additional mass can be the low frequency test bigger inertia damping is provided.
3. in process of the test, can monitor the distortion that is captured in rock soil mass under the complicated loading condition and the nonlinear characteristic of stress in real time.
4. this device to test principle is directly perceived, simple in structure, precision is high, good stability, easy operating, convenient disassembly, and the installation testing personnel are not had very high technical requirement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1-this device is formed block scheme;
Fig. 2-this device assembly construction synoptic diagram.
Wherein:
1-model test platform,
1.1-the platform bearer plate, 1.2-column hold-doun nut, 1.3-reaction frame column,
1.4-the test platform leg, the 1.5-reaction beam, 1.6-lever beam reaction support,
1.7-the bearing nut, 1.8-bearing fixed pin;
2-model test case,
2.1-the aluminium alloy boxboard, 2.2-organic glass boxboard, 2.3-boxboard gib screw,
2.4-water level indicator tube, the 2.5-draining control valve, the 2.6-filling pipe,
2.7-the moisturizing operation valve, the 2.8-water supply tank, 2.9-carries panel seat,
2.10-carrying panel seat gib screw;
3-Load Transfer lever,
3.1-Load Transfer lever beam, the 3.2-static load applies chute, the dead-weight balanced fixed pin of 3.3-lever,
3.4-the counterweight hook, 3.5-counterweight counterweight;
4-dead load system,
4.1-the static load counterweight, 4.2-static load hook;
5-dynamic load system,
5.1-power amplifier, the 5.2-vibrator, 5.3-exciting support,
5.4-the exciting base, 5.5-exciting beam, 5.6-exciting beam fixed pin,
5.7-connecting frame, 5.8-position adjustment hole, 5.9-frame fixation pin;
6-Dynamic Signal test macro,
6.1-displacement transducer, 6.2-pore water pressure sensor, 6.3-soil pressure sensor;
The 7-data acquisition system (DAS);
The 8-PC computing machine.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
One, the test unit of simulation dynamic and static load
(1) overall
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, this device comprises model test platform 1, model test case 2, Load Transfer lever 3, dead load system 4, dynamic load system 5, Dynamic Signal test macro 6, data acquisition system (DAS) 7 and computing machine 8;
Model test platform 1, model test case 2, Load Transfer lever 3 connect successively;
Load Transfer lever 3 is connected with dead load system 4, dynamic load system 5 respectively;
Dead load system 4, dynamic load system 5 are connected with Dynamic Signal test macro 6 respectively;
Dynamic Signal test macro 6, data acquisition system (DAS) 7 and computing machine 8 are connected successively.
(2) functional block
1, the model test platform 1
Model test platform 1 comprises platform bearer plate 1.1, column hold-doun nut 1.2, reaction frame column 1.3, test platform leg 1.4, reaction beam 1.5, lever beam reaction support 1.6, bearing nut 1.7 and bearing fixed pin 1.8;
Reaction frame column 1.3 lower ends are fixed on the platform bearer plate 1.1 jointly by column hold-doun nut 1.2 and test platform leg 1.4, reaction frame column 1.3 upper ends are connected with reaction beam 1.5, and lever beam reaction support 1.6 is fixed on the reaction beam 1.5 by bearing nut 1.7;
Bearing fixed pin 1.8 is connected Load Transfer lever beam 3.1 on the lever beam reaction support 1.6.
2, the model test case 2
Model test case 2 comprises aluminium alloy boxboard 2.1, organic glass boxboard 2.2, boxboard gib screw 2.3, water level indicator tube 2.4, draining control valve 2.5, filling pipe 2.6, moisturizing operation valve 2.7, water supply tank 2.8, carrying panel seat 2.9 and carrying panel seat gib screw 2.10;
Four blocks of aluminium alloy boxboards 2.1 and an organic glass boxboard 2.2 connect into the test casing by boxboard gib screw 2.3, but organic glass boxboard 2.2 Direct observation rock soil mass or works distortion situation;
Water supply tank 2.8 links to each other with a side aluminium alloy boxboard 2.1 bottoms by filling pipe 2.6, is provided with moisturizing operation valve 2.7 in the middle of the filling pipe 2.6;
Water level indicator tube 2.4 is installed in opposite side aluminium alloy boxboard 2.1 bottoms, and water level indicator tube 2.4 lower ends are provided with draining control valve 2.5;
Moisturizing operation valve 2.7 and draining control valve 2.5 can the controlling models chamber lifting of water levels in 2;
The base plate of model test case 2 is positioned on the platform bearer plate 1.1;
Carrying panel seat 2.9 is connected with Load Transfer lever beam 3.1 by carrying panel seat gib screw 2.10, to transmit dynamic and static load.
Organic glass boxboard 2.2 is fixed on the aluminium alloy boxboard 2.1 by boxboard gib screw 2.3, and aluminium alloy boxboard 2.1 comprises that three blocks of side plates are connected with anchor button form with a base plate, will guarantee in the test that casing is waterproof all around, and have enough rigidity.Water level indicator tube 2.4, filling pipe 2.6 will be guaranteed sealing with being connected of casing.
3, the Load Transfer lever 3
Load Transfer lever 3 comprises that Load Transfer lever beam 3.1, static load apply chute 3.2, the dead-weight balanced fixed pin 3.3 of lever, counterweight hook 3.4 and counterweight counterweight 3.5;
Load Transfer lever beam 3.1 right-hand members are provided with static load and apply chute 3.2, and left end is connected with the dead-weight balanced fixed pin 3.3 of lever, counterweight hook 3.4 and counterweight counterweight 3.5 in turn, to eliminate the influence that the lever deadweight causes test.
4, dead load system
Dead load system 4 comprises static load counterweight 4.1 and static load hook 4.2;
Static load counterweight 4.1 applies chute 3.2 by static load hook 4.2 in static load and slides, by Load Transfer lever beam 3.1 and carrying 2.9 pairs of rock soil mass of panel seat and the loading of works model static(al).
5, dynamic load system 5
Dynamic load system 5 comprises power amplifier 5.1, vibrator 5.2, exciting support 5.3, exciting base 5.4, exciting beam 5.5, exciting beam fixed pin 5.6, connecting frame 5.7, position adjustment hole 5.8 and frame fixation pin 5.9;
The middle part of exciting beam 5.5 is connected with the top of exciting support 5.3 by exciting beam fixed pin 5.6, and the bottom of exciting support 5.3 is connected with exciting base 5.4;
The left end of exciting beam 5.5 is connected with the right-hand member of frame fixation pin 5.9 with Load Transfer lever beam 3.1 by connecting frame 5.7, position adjustment hole 5.8.
Its principle of work is: computing machine 8 is imported vibrator 5.2 by power amplifier 5.1 with its control signal, exciting beam 5.5 right-hand members are applied dynamic load upwards, according to lever principle, exciting beam 5.5 left ends apply downward oscillatory load to the right-hand member of Load Transfer lever beam 3.1.
* power amplifier 5.1
Power amplifier 5.1 is selected HEA-200 type power amplifier for use; be a kind of linear power amplifier; not having any interference discharges; defencive function strong (overcurrent, excess temperature, electrical network overvoltage, the spacing all protections of vibrator); start does not have impact, and is safe in utilization, no points for attention; the indication of output current voltage, durable in use.
Main performance index:
Maximum input current: 28A peak power output: 600W operating frequency range: 0-10kHz
Input signal amplitude: 0 ± 5Vp maximum noise level:＜20mVp environment temperature: 0～40 ℃
Nonlinear distortion :≤0.5% phase shift:＜2 degree (in the 1kHz).
* vibrator 5.2
Vibrator 5.2 adopts electromagnetic exciter, and the electric current that will change in the cycle is imported magnet coil, exciting beam 5.5 is provided the exciting force of cycle variation.
With reference to the maximum exciting force of model HEV-200: 200N frequency range: 0～2000Hz
Peak swing: ± 10mm force constant: 8N/A peak point current: 25A
Weight: 15.5kg size: Φ 180 * 190mm * mm
Adapted power amplifier model HEA-200.
* the exciting beam 5.5
Exciting beam 5.5 requires light weight, has enough hardness and rigidity.In the test, the vibration axle center of connecting frame 5.7, vibrator 5.2 must equate with distance between the exciting beam fixed pin 5.6.
6, the Dynamic Signal test macro 6
Dynamic Signal test macro 6 comprises relatively independent displacement transducer 6.1, pore water pressure sensor 6.2 and soil pressure sensor 6.3;
Displacement transducer 6.1 is arranged on the carrying panel seat 2.9, measures rock soil mass and works model deformation; Pore water pressure sensor 6.2 and soil pressure sensor 6.3 all are arranged on rock soil mass and works model inside, the variation of monitoring different parts hole pressure and soil pressure.
Displacement transducer 6.1, pore water pressure sensor 6.2 and soil pressure sensor 6.3 all have off-the-shelf.
* displacement transducer 6.1
Displacement transducer 6.1 adopts the strain-type displacement transducer, reaches following requirement at least:
Non-linear :≤± the 1%RO hysteresis :≤± 1%RO repeatability :≤± 0.1%RO max
Sensitivity: 5mV/V (10000 * 10
-6Strain) working temperature :-10～+ 55 ℃.
* pore water pressure sensor 6.2 and soil pressure sensor 6.3
All adopt the dynamic force sensor, reach following requirement at least:
Sensitivity x axle and y axle/Z axle: 2.2/0.56 (mV/N) resonance frequency: 90kHz
Resolution x axle and y axle/Z axle: 0.009/0.027 (Nrms) temperature range :-54～+ 121 ℃.
7, data acquisition system (DAS) 7
Data acquisition system (DAS) 7 has off-the-shelf, is connected with computing machine 8 with Dynamic Signal test macro 6 respectively, and its function is that the Dynamic Signal with Dynamic Signal test macro 6 imports computing machine 8 into and carries out stored record and analytical calculation.
Its basic functional principle is:
Card takes place random waveform installs on computers, and computing machine generates drive signal and produces vibration to vibrator by pci card output after power amplifier amplifies.The dynamic response signal is received by sensor, is converted to electric signal and sends into computing machine and carry out data acquisition, is quantified as digital signal and carries out digital signal processing, and simultaneous computer also need be controlled the waveform that AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) produces to be needed.SAI200 type random waveform is blocked, and storage depth is 32kbye, and maximum sampling rate is 20MHz, and maximum output waveform voltage is ± 5V.
Data acquisition system (DAS) 7 main performance index:
Measure port number: 2～256 exciting port numbers: 1～16 digital spc filtering
The highest sample frequency: 100kHz multipath signal source output: the program control amplification of square-wave test signal A/D 12bit: * 1, * 10, * 100 built-in special digital signal processing chips (DSP).
8, the PC computing machine 8
Claims (7)
1. test unit of simulating dynamic and static load is characterized in that:
Comprise model test platform (1), model test case (2), Load Transfer lever (3), dead load system (4), dynamic load system (5), Dynamic Signal test macro (6), data acquisition system (DAS) (7) and computing machine (8);
Model test platform (1), model test case (.2), Load Transfer lever (3) connect successively;
Load Transfer lever (3) is connected with dynamic load system (5) with dead load system (4) respectively;
Dead load system (4) is connected with Dynamic Signal test macro (6) respectively with dynamic load system (5);
Dynamic Signal test macro (6), data acquisition system (DAS) (7) and computing machine (8) are connected successively.
2. by the described a kind of test unit of simulating dynamic and static load of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described model test platform (1) comprises platform bearer plate (1.1), column hold-doun nut (1.2), reaction frame column (1.3), test platform leg (1.4), reaction beam (1.5), lever beam reaction support (1.6), bearing nut (1.7) and bearing fixed pin (1.8);
Reaction frame column (1.3) lower end is fixed on the platform bearer plate (1.1) jointly by column hold-doun nut (1.2) and test platform leg (1.4), reaction frame column (1.3) upper end is connected with reaction beam (1.5), and lever beam reaction support (1.6) is fixed on the reaction beam (1.5) by bearing nut (1.7);
Bearing fixed pin (1.8) is connected Load Transfer lever beam (3.1) on the lever beam reaction support (1.6).
3. by the described a kind of test unit of simulating dynamic and static load of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described model test case (2) comprises aluminium alloy boxboard (2.1), organic glass boxboard (2.2), boxboard gib screw (2.3), water level indicator tube (2.4), draining control valve (2.5), filling pipe (2.6), moisturizing operation valve (2.7), water supply tank (2.8), carrying panel seat (2.9) and carrying panel seat gib screw (2.10);
Four blocks of aluminium alloy boxboards (2.1) and an organic glass boxboard (2.2) connect into the test casing by boxboard gib screw (2.3);
Water supply tank (2.8) links to each other with a side aluminium alloy boxboard (2.1) bottom by filling pipe (2.6), is provided with moisturizing operation valve (2.7) in the middle of the filling pipe (2.6);
Water level indicator tube (2.4) is installed in opposite side aluminium alloy boxboard (2.1) bottom, and water level indicator tube (2.4) lower end is provided with draining control valve (2.5);
The base plate of model test case (2) is positioned on the platform bearer plate (1.1);
Carrying panel seat (2.9) is connected with Load Transfer lever beam (3.1) by carrying panel seat gib screw (2.10).
4. by the described a kind of test unit of simulating dynamic and static load of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Load Transfer lever (3) comprises that Load Transfer lever beam (3.1), static load apply chute (3.2), the dead-weight balanced fixed pin of lever (3.3), counterweight hook (3.4) and counterweight counterweight (3.5);
Load Transfer lever beam (3.1) left end is provided with static load and applies chute (3.2), and right-hand member is that the dead-weight balanced fixed pin of lever (3.3), counterweight hook (3.4) are connected successively with counterweight counterweight (3.5).
5. by the described a kind of test unit of simulating dynamic and static load of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Dead load system (4) comprises static load counterweight (4.1) and static load hook (4.2);
Static load counterweight (4.1) applies chute (3.2) by static load hook (4.2) in static load and slides, and by Load Transfer lever beam (3.1) and carrying panel seat (2.9) rock soil mass and works model static(al) is loaded.
6. by the described a kind of test unit of simulating dynamic and static load of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Dynamic load system (5) comprises power amplifier (5.1), vibrator (5.2), exciting support (5.3), exciting base (5.4), exciting beam (5.5), exciting beam fixed pin (5.6), connecting frame (5.7), position adjustment hole (5.8) and frame fixation pin (5.9);
The output terminal of computing machine (8) connects the input end of power amplifier (5.1), and the output terminal of power amplifier (5.1) connects the input end of vibrator (5.2), and the output terminal of vibrator (5.2) is connected to the right-hand member of exciting beam (5.5);
The middle part of exciting beam (5.5) is connected with the top of exciting support (5.3) by exciting beam fixed pin (5.6), and the bottom of exciting support (5.3) is connected with exciting base (5.4);
The left end of exciting beam (5.5) is connected with the right-hand member of frame fixation pin (5.9) with Load Transfer lever beam (3.1) by connecting frame (5.7), position adjustment hole (5.8);
Computing machine (8) is imported vibrator (5.2) with its control signal by power amplifier (5.1), exciting beam (5.5) right-hand member is applied dynamic load upwards, according to lever principle, exciting beam (5.5) left end applies downward oscillatory load to the right-hand member of Load Transfer lever beam (3.1).
7. by the described a kind of test unit of simulating dynamic and static load of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Dynamic Signal test macro (6) comprises relatively independent displacement transducer (6.1), pore water pressure sensor (6.2) and soil pressure sensor (6.3);
Displacement transducer (6.1) is arranged on the carrying panel seat (2.9);
Pore water pressure sensor (6.2) and soil pressure sensor (6.3) all are arranged on rock soil mass and works model inside.
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