CN101511842B - 作为akt蛋白激酶抑制剂的二氢呋喃并嘧啶 - Google Patents
作为akt蛋白激酶抑制剂的二氢呋喃并嘧啶 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101511842B CN101511842B CN2007800330476A CN200780033047A CN101511842B CN 101511842 B CN101511842 B CN 101511842B CN 2007800330476 A CN2007800330476 A CN 2007800330476A CN 200780033047 A CN200780033047 A CN 200780033047A CN 101511842 B CN101511842 B CN 101511842B
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- compound
- methyl
- dihydrofuro
- pyrimidin
- piperazin
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本发明提供了式(I)化合物,包括其拆分的对映异构体、非对映异构体、溶剂合物和可药用盐。本发明还提供了使用本发明化合物作为AKT蛋白激酶抑制剂以及用于治疗过度增生性疾病例如癌症的方法。
Description
发明背景
本发明的优先权
本申请要求2006年7月6日提交的美国临时申请60/818,807的优先权,在此将其全部引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及新的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(例如,AKT和相关激酶)的抑制剂,包含该抑制剂的药物组合物,和制备该抑制剂的方法。该抑制剂可有效用于例如治疗哺乳动物的过度增生性疾病例如癌症和炎症。
现有技术的说明
蛋白激酶(PK)是通过转移ATP上的末端(γ)磷酸酯,催化蛋白的酪氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基上羟基的磷酸化的酶。通过信号转导途径,这些酶调节细胞生长、分化和增殖,即细胞周期的几乎所有方面均取决于PK活性(Hardie,G.和Hanks,S.(1995)The Protein Kinase Facts Book.I and II,Academic Press,San Diego,CA)。此外,PK活性异常与许多病症有关,范围从相对无生命危险的疾病例如牛皮癣至极其致命的疾病例如恶性胶质瘤(脑癌)。蛋白激酶是治疗调节的重要靶向类别(Cohen,P.(2002)Nature Rev.DrugDiscovery 1:309)。
显著的是,非典型性蛋白磷酸化和/或表达常常报道为癌症中的异常细胞增殖、转移病变和细胞存活的成因之一。多种激酶(包括Akt、VEGF、ILK、ROCK、p70S6K、Bcl、PKA、PKC、Raf、Src、PDK1、ErbB2、MEK、IKK、Cdk、EGFR、BAD、CHK1、CHK2和GSK3等)的异常调节和/或表达,特别与癌症有关。
蛋白激酶包括两种类型:蛋白酪氨酸激酶(PTK)和丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(STK)。蛋白激酶B/Akt酶是一组在多种人肿瘤中过表达的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶。PI3K脂质产物的一个最好表征的靶点是57KD丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶Akt,在信号转导途径中的PI3K的下游(Hemmings,B.A.(1997)Science275:628;Hay N.(2005)Cancer Cell 8:179-183)。Akt是急剧转化逆转录病毒AKT8的人类原癌基因v-akt的同系物。由于其与激酶A和C的高序列同源性,Akt也被称为蛋白激酶B(PKB),并且与A和C(RAC)有关。已经知道Akt存在三种同工型,即Akt1、Akt2和Akt3,其显示出整个同源性的80%(Staal,S.P.(1987)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.84:5034;Nakatani,K.(1999)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.257:906;Li等人,(2002)Current Topics inMed.Chem.2:939-971;WO 2005/113762)。Akt同工型共享由N-末端的普列克底物蛋白(pleckstrin)同源区域、激酶催化区域和C末端的短调节区组成的共同区域结构。此外,Akt2和Akt3显示出剪接变体。一旦通过PtdInd(3,4,5)P3对细胞膜进行补充,Akt分别在T308、T309和T305处被PDK1磷酸化(活化)为异构型Akt1(PKBα)、Akt2(PKBβ)和Akt3(PKBγ),以及分别在S473、S474和S472处被磷酸化(活化)为同工型Akt1、Akt2和Akt3。通过至今未知的激酶(推定地命名为PDK2)发生这种磷酸化,不过已经显示PDK1(Balendran,A.,(1999)Curr.Biol.9:393),自身磷酸化作用(Toker,A.(2000)J.Biol.Chem.275:8271)和整联蛋白-连接的激酶(ILK)(Delcommenne,M.(1998)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,95:11211)和这种过程有关。Akt活化需要其在C端疏水性基序中的残基Ser 473上的磷酸化(Brodbeck等人,(1999)J.Biol.Chem.274:9133-9136;Coffer等人,(1991)Eur.J.Biochem.201:475-481;Alessi等人,(1997)Curr.Biol.7:261-269)。尽管Akt的单磷酸化可以活化激酶,但双(磷酸化)是最大激酶活性所需要的。
认为Akt通过抑制细胞凋亡以及增加血管生成和增殖来实现对癌症的作用(Toker等人,(2006)Cancer Res.66(8):3963-3966)。Akt在许多人类癌症类型过表达,其包括,但不限于,结肠癌(Zinda等人,(2001)Clin.Cancer Res.7:2475)、卵巢癌(Cheng等人,(1992)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 89:9267)、脑癌(Haas Kogan等人,(1998)Curr.Biol.8:1195)、肺癌(Brognard等人,(2001)Cancer Res.61:3986)、胰腺癌(Bellacosa等人,(1995)Int.J.Cancer64:280-285;Cheng等人,(1996)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.93:3636-3641)、前列腺癌(Graff等人,(2000)J.Biol.Chem.275:24500)和胃癌(Staal等人,(1987)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 84:5034-5037)。
对于靶向的小分子抑制剂治疗,已经探究了雷帕霉素(mTOR)路径的PI3K/Akt/哺乳动物靶点(Georgakis,G.和Younes,A.(2006)Expert Rev.Anticancer Ther.6(1):131-140;Granville等人,(2006)Clin.Cancer Res.12(3):679-689)。抑制PI3K/Akt信号可以诱导细胞凋亡,并且可以抑制具有Akt水平增加的肿瘤细胞的生长(Kim等人,(2005)Current Opinion in Investig.Drugs 6(12):1250-1258;Luo等人,(2005)Molecular Cancer Ther.4(6):977-986)。
靶向异常调节途径并最终导致疾病的激酶抑制剂的开发,对于医学和药学团体,具有巨大的伦理和商业利益。抑制下列的化合物可以是有价值的抗癌剂:(1)Akt对细胞膜的补充,(2)被PDK1或PDK2活化,(3)底物磷酸化,或(4)Akt的下游靶点之一,其既可以作为单独疗法,也可以与其它可接受方法结合使用。
美国专利申请2005/0130954尤其公开了作为AKT抑制剂的多种化合物。据称这些化合物可用于治疗过度增生性疾病(hyperproliferative disease),例如癌症。
发明概述
本发明提供了抑制AKT蛋白激酶的新的化合物。本发明的化合物可作为疾病和病症的治疗剂,所述疾病和病症可以通过抑制AKT蛋白激酶来得到治疗。更具体地说,本发明包括具有通式I的化合物:
及其互变异构体、拆分的对映异构体、拆分的非对映异构体、溶剂合物、代谢产物、盐和可药用前药,其中R1、R2、R5和A如本文所定义。
本发明还提供了药物组合物,其包含式I的化合物,或其溶剂合物、代谢产物、或可药用盐或前药。
在另一方面,本发明提供了治疗哺乳动物中AKT蛋白激酶介导的疾病或医学病症的方法,包括向所述哺乳动物以有效治疗或预防所述病症的量给药一种或多种式I化合物,或其溶剂合物、代谢产物或可药用盐或前药。可以按照本发明方法治疗的AKT蛋白激酶介导的病症包括,但不限于,炎性、过度增生性、心血管、神经变性、妇科和皮肤疾病和病症。
在另一方面,本发明提供了抑制哺乳动物中AKT蛋白激酶产生的方法,该方法包括向所述哺乳动物以有效抑制AKT蛋白激酶产生的量给药一种或多种式I的化合物,或其溶剂合物、代谢产物或可药用盐或前药。
在另一方面,本发明提供了抑制AKT蛋白激酶活性的方法,包括将所述激酶与式I的化合物接触。
本发明的化合物可以有利地与其它已知的治疗剂组合使用。因此,本发明还提供了药物组合物,其包含式I的化合物,或其溶剂合物、代谢产物、或可药用盐或前药,以及第二治疗剂。
本发明还提供了式I的化合物和其溶剂合物、代谢产物和可药用盐和前药,其在治疗AKT蛋白激酶介导的病症中用作药物。
本发明的其它方面是式I的化合物或其溶剂合物、代谢产物或可药用盐或前药在治疗中的用途。在一个实施方案中,该治疗包括AKT蛋白激酶介导的病症的治疗。
本发明还提供了试剂盒,其用于治疗AKT蛋白激酶介导的疾病或病症,所述试剂盒包括:式I的化合物或其溶剂合物、代谢产物或可药用盐或前药,容器和任选的包装说明书或注明治疗的标签。该试剂盒还可以包括第二化合物或制剂,所述第二化合物或制剂包括用于治疗所述疾病或病症的第二药剂。
本发明还包括本发明化合物的制备方法、分离方法和纯化方法。
在下列描述中部分地列出了本发明的其它优势和新性能,并且部分可通过阅读本发明书对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的,或可以从本发明的操作中得知。本发明的优势可通过所附权利要求书中特别指出的手段、组合、组合物和方法实现和获得。
发明详述
现在,对于本发明的某些实施方案详细地进行介绍,其例子在随附的结构和通式中示例性地说明。尽管本发明结合所列举的实施方案来进行描述,但是应当理解,这并不意味着将本发明限制于那些实施方案。相反,本发明包括可以包含在权利要求书所定义范围内的所有的替换、改进和等效内容。本领域技术人员会认识到与本文所描述的那些相似的许多方法和物质或等效物,其可以在本发明的实践中使用。本发明决不限于所述的方法和物质。如果一个或多个所引用的文献和类似的材料不同于或与本申请相矛盾,包括但不限于所定义的术语、术语用法、所述技术等,以本申请为准。
定义
本文使用的术语“烷基”是指1至12个碳原子的饱和直链或支链一价烃基,其中烷基可以任选被一个或多个如下所述的取代基独立地取代。烷基的实例包括,但不限于,甲基(Me、-CH3)、乙基(Et、-CH2CH3)、1-丙基(n-Pr、正丙基、-CH2CH2CH3)、2-丙基(i-Pr、异丙基、-CH(CH3)2)、1-丁基(n-Bu、正丁基、-CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-甲基-1-丙基(i-Bu、异丁基、-CH2CH(CH3)2)、2-丁基(s-Bu、仲丁基、-CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、2-甲基-2-丙基(t-Bu、叔丁基、-C(CH3)3)、2,2-二甲丙基(CH2C(CH3)3)、1-戊基(正戊基、-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3)、3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)2)、2-甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH3)、3-甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2)、3-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH2CH(CH3)2)、2-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、1-己基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-己基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3)、3-己基(-CH(CH2CH3)(CH2CH2CH3))、2-甲基-2-戊基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH3)、3-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、4-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2)、3-甲基-3-戊基(-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)2)、2-甲基-3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)CH(CH3)2)、2,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2)、3,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)C(CH3)3、1-庚基、1-辛基等。
本文使用的术语“亚烷基”是指1至12个碳原子的直链或支链饱和二价烃基,其中亚烷基可以任选被一个或多个本文所述的取代基独立地取代。实例包括,但不限于,亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、2-甲基亚丙基、亚戊基等。
本文使用的术语“烯基”是指2至12个碳原子、且具有至少一个不饱和位置(即碳-碳sp2双键)的直链或支链一价烃基,其中烯基可以任选被一个或多个本文所述的取代基独立地取代,并且包括具有“顺式”和“反式”取向或“E”和“Z”取向的基团。实例包括,但不限于,乙烯基(ethylenyl)或乙烯基(vinyl)(-CH=CH2)、烯丙基(-CH2CH=CH2)、1-丙烯基、1-丁烯-1-基、1-丁烯-2-基等。
本文使用的术语“炔基”是指2至12个碳原子、且具有至少一个不饱和位置(即碳-碳sp叁键)的直链或支链一价烃基,其中炔基可以任选被一个或多个本文所述的取代基独立地取代。实例包括,但不限于,乙炔基(-C≡CH)和丙炔基(炔丙基,-CH2C≡CH)。
本文使用的术语“环烷基”、“碳环(carbocycle)”、“碳环基(carbocyclyl)”和“碳环(carbocyclic ring)”可交换使用,并且指的是具有3至12个碳原子的饱和或部分不饱和的环状烃基。术语“环烷基”包括单环和多环(例如,双环和三环)的环烷基结构,其中多环结构任选包含与饱和、部分不饱和或芳香环烷基或杂环稠合的饱和或部分不饱和的环烷基环。环烷基的实例包括,但不限于,环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基等。双环碳环包括具有7至12个环原子的那些,例如,双环[4,5],[5,5],[5,6]或[6,6]体系,或桥联体系,例如双环[2.2.1]庚烷,双环[2.2.2]辛烷和双环[3.2.2]壬烷。环烷基可以任选被一个或多个本文描述的取代基独立地取代。
本文使用的“芳基”是指6-20个碳原子的一价芳香烃基,其通过从母体芳香环体系的单一碳原子上除去一个氢原子而得到。芳基包括包含与饱和、部分不饱和的环,或芳香碳环或杂环稠合的芳环的双环基团。示例性的芳基包括,但不限于,衍生自下列的基团:苯、萘、蒽、联苯、茚、茚满、1,2-二氢萘、1,2,3,4-四氢萘等。芳基可以任选被一个或多个本文描述的取代基独立地取代。
本文使用的术语“杂环”、“杂环基”和“杂环状环”可交换地使用,并且指的是3至8个环原子的饱和或部分不饱和的碳环基团,且其中至少一个环原子是独立地选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子,剩余的环原子是C,其中一个或多个环原子可以任选被一个或多个如下所述取代基独立地取代。该基团可以是碳原子基团或杂原子基团。术语“杂环”包括杂环烷氧基(heterocycloalkoxy)。“杂环基”还包括其中杂环基团与饱和、部分不饱和或芳香碳环或杂环稠合的基团。杂环的实例包括,但不限于,吡咯烷基、四氢呋喃基、二氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、四氢吡喃基、二氢吡喃基、四氢噻喃基、哌啶子基、吗啉代、硫吗啉代(thiomorpholino)、噻噁烷基、哌嗪基、高哌嗪基、氮杂环丁烷基、氧杂环丁烷基、硫杂环丁烷基、高哌啶基、氧杂环庚烷基、硫杂环庚烷基、氧杂氮杂基、二氮杂基、硫杂氮杂基、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、二氢吲哚基、2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、二噁烷基、1,3-二氧杂环戊烷基、吡唑啉基、二硫杂环己烷基(dithianyl)、二硫杂环戊烷基(dithiolanyl)、二氢吡喃基、二氢噻吩基、二氢呋喃基、吡唑烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己基、3-氮杂双环[4.1.0]庚基、氮杂双环[2.2.2]己基、3H-吲哚基、喹嗪基和N-吡啶基脲。螺部分也包括在该定义范围内。如果可以的话,杂环可以进行C连接或N-连接。例如,衍生自吡咯的基团可以是吡咯-1-基(N-连接)或吡咯-3-基(C-连接)。此外,衍生自咪唑的基团可以是咪唑-1-基(N-连接)或咪唑-3-基(C-连接)。其中2个环碳原子被氧代(=O)部分取代的杂环基团的实例是异二氢吲哚-1,3-二酮基和1,1-二氧代-硫吗啉基。本文的杂环基团可以任选被一个或多个本文描述的取代基独立地取代。
本文使用的术语“杂芳基”是指包含至少一个独立地选自氮、氧和硫杂原子的5-、6-或7-元环的一价芳基,并且包括5-10个原子的稠环体系(其中至少一个是芳香性的)。杂芳基的实例包括,但不限于,吡啶基、咪唑基、咪唑并吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡唑基、三唑基、吡嗪基、四唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、异噻唑基、吡咯基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、噌啉基、吲唑基、吲嗪基(indolizinyl)、酞嗪基(phthalazinyl)、哒嗪基、三嗪基、异吲哚基、蝶啶基、嘌呤基、噁二唑基、三唑基、噻二唑基、噻二唑基、呋咱基、苯并呋咱基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噁唑基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、萘啶基和呋喃并吡啶基。螺环部分也包括在该定义范围内。杂芳基可以任选被一个或多个本文描述的取代基独立地取代。
例如(非限制性),碳连接的杂环和杂芳基是在吡啶的2、3、4、5或6位、哒嗪的3、4、5或6位、嘧啶的2、4、5或6位、吡嗪的2、3、5或6位、呋喃、四氢呋喃、噻吩(thiofuran)、硫茂(thiophene)、吡咯或四氢吡咯的2、3、4或5位、噁唑、咪唑或噻唑的2、4或5位、异噁唑、吡唑或异噻唑的3、4或5位、氮杂环丙烷的2或3位、氮杂环丁烷的2、3或4位、喹啉的2、3、4、5、6、7或8位,或异喹啉的1、3、4、5、6、7或8位连接。碳连接的杂环的其它实例包括2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、5-吡啶基、6-吡啶基、3-哒嗪基、4-哒嗪基、5-哒嗪基、6-哒嗪基、2-嘧啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-嘧啶基、6-嘧啶基、2-吡嗪基、3-吡嗪基、5-吡嗪基、6-吡嗪基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基或5-噻唑基。
例如(非限制性),氮连接的杂环和杂芳基是在氮杂环丙烷、氮杂环丁烷、吡咯、吡咯烷、2-吡咯啉、3-吡咯啉、咪唑、咪唑烷、2-咪唑啉、3-咪唑啉、吡唑、二氢吡唑、2-二氢吡唑、3-二氢吡唑、哌啶、哌嗪、吲哚、二氢吲哚、1H-吲唑的1位、异吲哚或异二氢吲哚的2位、吗啉的4位和咔唑或β-咔啉的9位连接。更加典型地,氮连接的杂环包括1-氮杂环丙烷基、1-氮杂环丁烷基、1-吡咯基、1-咪唑基、1-吡唑基和1-哌啶基。
本文使用的术语“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘。
本文使用的术语“a”是指一个或多个。
本文使用的术语“该发明的化合物”、“本发明的化合物”和“式I的化合物”包括式I的化合物及其互变异构体、拆分的对映异构体、拆分的非对映异构体、消旋混合物、溶剂合物、代谢产物、盐(包括可药用盐)和可药用前药
通常,式I化合物的各个部分或官能团可以任选被一个或多个取代基取代。适于本发明目的的取代基的实例包括,但不限于,卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环烷基、OR、NO2、CN、CO2R、(C=O)R、O(C=O)R、SR、SOR、SO2R、芳基、杂芳基、(C=O)NR2R3、NR2R3、NR(C=O)R、SO2NR2R3、PO3H2和SO3H2,其中R、R2和R3是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基或杂芳基。
应当理解,在顺序使用两个或多个基团来定义连接结构的取代基的情况下,认为第一个命名的基团是端部基团,认为最后命名的基团与所述结构相连接。由此,例如,芳烷基基团通过烷基与所述结构相连接。
AKT抑制剂
本发明的式I化合物可用于抑制AKT蛋白激酶。除了AKT之外,式I化合物还可以用作酪氨酸激酶以及丝氨酸和苏氨酸激酶的抑制剂。这种化合物用作疾病治疗剂,所述疾病可以通过抑制AKT蛋白激酶信号传导途径以及酪氨酸和丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶受体途径来得到治疗。
通常,本发明包括式I的化合物:
及其互变异构体、拆分的对映异构体、拆分非对映异构体、溶剂合物、代谢产物、盐和可药用前药,其中:
R1是H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、环丙基、CF3、CHF2或CH2F;
R2是H或Me;
R5是H、Me、Et或CF3;
A是
G是任选被1至4个R9基团独立地取代的苯基;
R6和R7独立地是H、(C3-C6环烷基)-(CH2)、(C3-C6环烷基)-(CH2CH2)、V-(CH2)0-1(其中V是5-6元杂芳基)、W-(CH2)1-2(其中W是任选被F、Cl、Br、I、OMe、CF3或Me取代的苯基)、C3-C6-环烷基、羟基-(C3-C6-环烷基)、氟-(C3-C6-环烷基)、CH(CH3)CH(OH)苯基、4-6元杂环,其任选被F、OH、环丙基甲基、C1-C3烷基或C(=O)(C1-C3烷基)取代,或C1-C6-烷基,其任选被一个或多个基团所取代,该基团独立地选自OH、O(C1-C6-烷基)、CN、F、NH2、NH(C1-C6-烷基)、N(C1-C6-烷基)2、四氢吡喃基、四氢呋喃基、吗啉基、氧杂环丁烷基、哌啶基和吡咯烷基,
或R6和R7与它们相连的氮一起形成4-6元杂环,其任选被一个或多个独立地选自OH、卤素、氧代基团、CF3、CH2CF3和(C1-C3)烷基的基团所取代;
Ra和Rb是H,
或Ra是H,且Rb和R6与它们相连的原子一起形成具有1个或2个环氮原子的5-6元杂环;
Rc和Rd是H或Me,
或Rc和Rd与它们相连的原子一起形成环丙基环;
R8是H、Me或OH,
或R8和R6与它们相连的原子一起形成具有1个或2个环氮原子的5-6元杂环;
每个R9独立地是卤素、C1-C6-烷基、C3-C6-环烷基、O-(C1-C6-烷基)、CF3、OCF3、S(C1-C6-烷基)、CN、OCH2-苯基、NH2、NH-(C1-C6-烷基)、N-(C1-C6-烷基)2、哌啶、吡咯烷、CH2F、CHF2、OCH2F、OCHF2、OH、SO2(C1-C6-烷基)、C(O)NH2、C(O)NH(C1-C6-烷基)和C(O)N(C1-C6-烷基)2;和
m、n和p独立地是0或1。
在其它实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是H、(C3-C6环烷基)-(CH2)、(C3-C6环烷基)-(CH2CH2)、V-(CH2)0-1(其中V是5-6元杂芳基)、W-(CH2)1-2(其中W是任选被F、Cl或Me取代的苯基)、C3-C6-环烷基、羟基-(C3-C6-环烷基)、氟-(C3-C6-环烷基)、CH(CH3)CH(OH)苯基,或C1-C6-烷基,其任选被一个或多个基团所取代,该基团独立地选自OH、O(C1-C6-烷基)、CN、F、NH2、NH(C1-C6-烷基)、N(C1-C6-烷基)2、哌啶基和吡咯烷基,
或R6和R7与它们相连的氮一起形成4-6元杂环,其任选被一个或多个独立地选自OH、卤素、氧代基团、CF3、CH2CF3和(C1-C3)烷基的基团所取代。
关于式I的G基团,实例包括任选被一个或多个R9基团所取代的苯基,R9基团独立地选自F、Cl、Br、CN、甲基、乙基、异丙基、OCH3、OCH2CH3、CF3、OCF3、SCH3、OCH2Ph和环丙基。示例性的实施方案包括,但不限于,苯基、2-氯苯基、3-氯苯基、4-氯苯基、2-氟苯基、3-氟苯基、4-氟苯基、2-溴苯基、3-溴苯基、4-溴苯基、2-甲基苯基、3-甲基苯基、4-甲基苯基、2-乙基苯基、3-乙基苯基、4-乙基苯基、2-异丙基苯基、3-异丙基苯基、4-异丙基苯基、2-三氟甲基苯基、3-三氟甲基苯基、4-三氟甲基苯基、2-氰基苯基、3-氰基苯基、4-氰基苯基、2-甲氧基苯基、3-甲氧基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、2-乙氧基苯基、3-乙氧基苯基、4-乙氧基苯基、2-甲硫基苯基(2-thiomethylphenyl)、3-甲硫基苯基、4-甲硫基苯基、2-三氟甲氧基苯基、3-三氟甲氧基苯基、4-三氟甲氧基苯基、2-环丙基苯基、3-环丙基苯基、4-环丙基苯基、4-氯-3-氟苯基、3,4-二氟苯基、4-溴-3-氟苯基、3-氟-4-甲基苯基、3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基、3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯基、4-氰基-3-氟苯基、3,4-二氯苯基、2,4-二氯苯基、2,4-二氟苯基、2-氯-4-氟苯基、2-氟-4-氯苯基、3,5-二氯苯基、3,5-二氟苯基、3-氯-5-氟苯基、3-氯-4-氟苯基、3-溴-4-氟苯基、3,5-二氟-4-氯苯基、2,3-二氟-4-氯苯基、2,5-二氟-4-氯苯基、3,5-二氟-4-溴苯基、2,3-二氟-4-溴苯基、2,5-二氟-4-溴苯基和4-(OCH2Ph)-苯基。
关于式I的R6和R7基团,术语“(C3-C6-环烷基)-(CH2)”包括基团例如,但不限于,环丙基-CH2,环丁基-CH2,环戊基-CH2和环己基-CH2。
关于式I的R6和R7基团,术语“V-(CH2)0-1”包括其中V是5-6元杂芳基的基团,且该杂芳基具有1至2个独立地选自N、O和S的环杂原子。示例性的基团包括但不限于下列结构:
关于式I的R6和R7基团,术语“羟基-(C3-C6-环烷基)”包括但不限于下列结构:
关于式I的R6和R7基团,短语“任选被一个或多个独立地选自OH、OMe和CN的基团所取代的C1-C6-烷基”包括但不限于:CH2OH、CH2CH2OH、CH2CH2CH2OH、CH2CH(OH)CH2、CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3、CH2C(OH)(CH3)2、CH2OMe、CH2CH2OMe、CH2CH2CH2OMe、CH2CH(OMe)CH2、CH2CH2CH(OMe)CH3、CH2C(OMe)(CH3)2、CH2CN、CH2CH2CN、CH2CH2CH2CN、CH2CH(CN)CH2、CH2CH2CH(CN)CH3、CH2C(CN)(CH3)2等。
关于式I的R6和R7基团,在某些实施方案中,术语“杂芳基”是指具有1至2个独立地选自N、O和S杂原子的5-6元杂芳基。
关于式I或Ia的R6和R7基团,短语“R6和R7与它们相连的氮一起形成任选被一个或多个独立地选自OH、卤素、氧代基团、CF3、CH2CF3和(C1-C3)烷基的基团所取代的4-6元杂环”包括但不限于下列结构:
关于式I或Ia的R6和R7基团,短语“任选被F、OH、环丙基甲基、C1-C3烷基或C(=O)(C1-C3烷基)取代的4-6元杂环”包括但不限于下列结构:
在式I的一个实施方案中,R1是甲基,其中R1任选是(R)或(S)构型。在式I的另一个实施方案中,R1是H。
在式I的一个实施方案中,R2是H。
在式I的一个实施方案中,R5是H或甲基。在另一个实施方案中,R5是甲基,其中R5任选是(S)构型。
在式I的一个实施方案中,G是任选被1至3个R9基团所取代的苯基,R9基团独立地选自F、Cl、Br、CN、甲基、乙基、异丙基、CF3、OCF3、SMe、OMe和OCH2Ph。实例包括但不限于:苯基、2-氯苯基、3-氯苯基、4-氯苯基、4-氟苯基、4-溴苯基、4-甲基苯基、4-乙基苯基、4-异丙基苯基、4-三氟甲基苯基、4-氰基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-乙氧基苯基、4-甲硫基苯基、4-三氟甲氧基苯基、4-环丙基苯基、4-氯-3-氟苯基、3,4-二氟苯基、4-溴-3-氟苯基、3-氟-4-甲基苯基、3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基、3-氟-4-三氟甲基苯基、4-氰基-3-氟苯基、3,4-二氯苯基、2,4-二氯苯基、2,4-二氟苯基、2-氯-4-氟苯基、2-氟-4-氯苯基、3,5-二氯苯基、3,5-二氟苯基、3-氯-5-氟苯基、3-氯-4-氟苯基、3-溴-4-氟苯基、3,5-二氟-4-氯苯基、2,3-二氟-4-氯苯基、2,5-二氟-4-氯苯基、3,5-二氟-4-溴苯基、2,3-二氟-4-溴苯基、2,5-二氟-4-溴苯基和4-(OCH2Ph)-苯基。
在具体实施方案中,G是4-氯苯基、2,4-二氯苯基、4-氯-3-氟苯基、4-氟苯基、3,4-二氟苯基、4-甲基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基或4-(OCH2Ph)-苯基。
在某些实施方案中,G是9元杂芳基。在具体实施方案中,G是吲哚。
在具体实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是H。
在具体实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是(C3-C6环烷基)-(CH2)。
在具体实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是(C3-C6环烷基)-(CH2CH2)。
在具体实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是V-(CH2)0-1,其中V是5-6元杂芳基。
在具体实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是W-(CH2)1-2,其中W是任选被F、Cl、Br、I、OMe、CF3或Me取代的苯基。在其它实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是W-(CH2)1-2,其中W是任选被F、Cl或Me取代的苯基。
在具体实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是C3-C6-环烷基。
在具体实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是羟基-(C3-C6-环烷基)。
在具体实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是氟-(C3-C6-环烷基)。
在具体实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是CH(CH3)CH(OH)苯基。
在具体实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是任选被F、OH、环丙基甲基、C1-C3烷基或C(=O)(C1-C3烷基)取代的4-6元杂环。
在具体实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是C1-C6-烷基,其任选被一个或多个基团所取代,该基团独立地选自OH、O(C1-C6-烷基)、CN、F、NH2、NH(C1-C6-烷基)、N(C1-C6-烷基)2、四氢吡喃基、四氢呋喃基、吗啉基、氧杂环丁烷基、哌啶基和吡咯烷基。在其它实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是C1-C6-烷基,其任选被一个或多个基团所取代,该基团独立地选自OH、O(C1-C6-烷基)、CN、F、NH2、NH(C1-C6-烷基)、N(C1-C6-烷基)2、哌啶基和吡咯烷基。
在具体实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是:R6和R7与它们相连的氮一起形成4-6元杂环,其任选被一个或多个独立地选自OH、卤素、氧代基团、CF3、CH2CF3和(C1-C3)烷基的基团所取代。
在式I的一个实施方案中,m是1,n是0,p是0,从而A由式1表示:
其中G、R6、R7、R8、Rc和Rd如本文所定义。在基团A的某些实施方案中,R8是H或OH。在某些实施方案中,A具有下列构型:
在具有式1的A基团的某些实施方案中,Rc和Rd是H。在其它实施方案中,Rc和Rd与它们相连的原子一起形成环丙基环。
在具有式1的A基团的某些实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是H,C3-C6-环烷基,杂芳基-(CH2),羟基-(C3-C6-环烷基),或(C1-6)-烷基,其任选被一个或多个独立地选自OH、OMe和CN的基团所取代。在具体实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是H、甲基、乙基、异丙基、异丁基、叔丁基、3-戊基、CH(异丙基)2、CH2CH2OH、CH2CH2CH2OH、CH(CH2CH2OH)2、CH2CH2OMe、CH(CH2CH2OMe)2、CH2CH2CH2OMe、CH2CN、CH2-环丙基、CH2-环丁基、CH2-叔丁基、环戊基、环己基、CH2-苯基、CH2-(吡啶-2-基)、CH2-(吡啶-3-基)、CH2-(吡啶-4-基)、4-羟基环己-1-基或CH(CH3)CH(OH)苯基。
在具有式1的A基团的具体实施方案中,NR6R7是NH2、NHMe、NHEt、NHPr、NHiPr、NHtBu、NH(CH2-环丙基)、NH(CH2-环丁基)、NH(CH2-叔丁基)、NH(环戊基)、NH(环己基)、NH(3-戊基)、NHCH(异丙基)2、NH(CH2CH2OH)、NH(CH2CH2CH2OH)、NH(CH2CH2OMe)、NH(CH2CH2CH2OMe)、NH(CH2CN)、NMe2、NMeEt、NMePr、NMe(iPr)、NMe(CH2-环丙基)、NMe(CH2-环丁基)、NMe(CH2CH2OH)、NMe(CH2CH2CH2OH)、NMe(CH2CH2OMe)、NMe(CH2CH2CH2OMe)、NEt2、NEtPr、NEt(iPr)、NEt(CH2-环丙基)、NEt(CH2-环丁基)、NEt(CH2CH2OH)、NEt(CH2CH2CH2OH)、
在具有式1的A基团的其它实施方案中,R6和R7与它们相连接的N一起形成4-6元杂环,该杂环具有环氮原子并且任选具有选自N和O的第二环杂原子,其中所述杂环任选被一个或多个独立地选自OH、F、甲基、CH2CF3和氧代基团的基团所取代。例如,在某些实施方案中,R6和R7与它们相连接的N一起形成吡咯烷基,哌啶基,氮杂环丁烷基,吗啉基或哌嗪基环,其中所述吡咯烷基、哌啶基、氮杂环丁烷基、吗啉基和哌嗪基环任选被一个或多个独立地选自OH、卤素、氧代基团、CH2CF3和(C1-C3)烷基的基团所取代。在具有式1的A基团的具体实施方案中,NR6R7选自下列结构:
在具有式1的基团A的某些实施方案中,R6和R8与它们相连的原子一起形成具有1个或2个环氮原子的5-6元杂环。在其它实施方案中,R6和R8与它们相连的原子一起形成吡咯烷基或哌啶基环。
在具体实施方案中,具有式1的A基团选自下列通式:
在某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物由式1B表示:
其中G、R6和R7如本文所定义。
在式I的另一个实施方案中,m是1,n是1,且p是0,从而A由式2表示:
其中G、R6、R7、R8、Rc和Rd如本文所定义。在某些实施方案中,A基团具有下列构型:
在具有式2的基团A的某些实施方案中,R8是H。
在具有式2的基团A的某些实施方案中,Rc和Rd是H。在其它实施方案中,Rc和Rd是甲基。在其它实施方案中,Rc和Rd与它们相连的原子一起形成环丙基环。
在具有式2的基团A的某些实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、CH2-环丙基或CH2-环丁基。在某些实施方案中,式2的NR6R7是NH2、NHCH3、NHEt、NHPr、NH(iPr)、NH(CH2-环丙基)、NH(CH2-环丁基)、NMe2、NMeEt、NMePr、NMe(iPr)、NEt2、NetPr或NEt(iPr)。在具体实施方案中,NR6R7是NH2。
在具有式2的基团A的某些实施方案中,R6和R7与N一起形成具有环氮原子的5-6元杂环,并且任选地具有其它环氮原子。例如,在某些实施方案中,R6和R7与N一起形成选自下列结构的杂环:
在其它实施方案中,R6和R8与它们相连的原子一起形成哌啶基或吡咯烷基环。
式2的基团A的示例性实施方案包括下列结构:
在某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物由式2B表示:
其中G、Rc、Rd、R6和R7如本文所定义。
在式I的其它实施方案中,m是1,n是0,且p是1,从而A由式3表示:
其中G、R6、R7、R8、Ra、Rb、Rc和Rd如本文所定义。在某些实施方案中,基团A具有下列构型:
在具有式3的基团A的某些实施方案中,R8是H。
在式3的基团A的某些实施方案中,Rc和Rd与它们相连的原子一起形成环丙基环。
在具有式3的基团A的某些实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、CH2-环丙基或CH2-环丁基。在某些实施方案中,式3的NR6R7是NH2、NHMe、NHEt、NHPr、NH(iPr)、NHtBu、NH(CH2-环丙基)或NH(CH2-环丁基)。
在具有式3的基团A的其它实施方案中,Ra和R8是H,Rb和R6与它们相连的原子一起形成5-6元杂环,其中环原子之一是氮。在某些实施方案中,Rb和R6与它们相连的原子一起形成吡咯烷基环。在某些实施方案中,R7是H。
在具体实施方案中,式3的基团A选自下列结构:
在某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物由式3B表示:
其中G、R6和R7如本文所定义。
在式I的其它实施方案中,m是0,n是0,且p是1,从而A由下式表示:
其中G、R6、R7和R8如本文所定义。在某些实施方案中,A具有下列构型:
在具有式4的基团A的某些实施方案中,R8是H。
在具有式4的基团A的某些实施方案中,R6和R7独立地是H或Me。
在具体实施方案中,A选自下列结构:
在某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物由式4B表示:
其中G和R5如本文所定义。
本发明的化合物可以具有一个或多个不对称中心;因此,这种化合物可以以其单一的(R)-或(S)-立体异构体或混合物的形式制备。除非另外指明,否则说明书和权利要求书中的具体化合物的描述或命名包括单一的对映异构体和非对映异构体,和其混合物,外消旋体。因此,本发明还包括所有的这种异构体,包括本发明化合物的非对映异构体的混合物,纯的非对映异构体和纯的对映异构体。术语“对映异构体”是指不能彼此重叠的镜像化合物的两个立体异构体。术语“非对映异构体”是指彼此不是镜象的一对旋光异构体。非对映异构体具有不同的物理性能,例如熔点、沸点、光谱性能和反应性。
本发明的化合物还可以存在不同的互变异构形式,所有的这些形式包括在本发明范围内。术语“互变异构体”或“互变异构形式”是指可通过低能垒互相转换的具有不同能量的结构异构体。例如,质子互变异构体(亦称质子迁移互变异构体(prototripic tautomer))包括通过质子的迁移而进行的相互转化,例如酮-烯醇和亚胺-烯胺异构化。价键互变异构体包括通过一些成键电子的重构而进行的相互转化。
在本文显示的结构中,如果任何具体手性原子的立体化学没有具体指出,那么包括所有的立体异构体,并且被本发明的化合物所包括。如果立体化学用表示具体构型的实体楔形或虚线来说明,那么该立体异构体就为如此特定和定义的。
式I的化合物包括此类化合物的溶剂合物、可药用前药和盐(包括可药用盐)。
短语“可药用”表示物质或组合物与构成制剂的其它组分和/或用其治疗的哺乳动物在化学上和/或毒理学上是相容的。
“溶剂合物”是指一种或多种溶剂分子与本发明化合物的缔合或复合物。形成溶剂合物的溶剂的实例包括,但不限于,水、异丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、DMSO、乙酸乙酯、乙酸和乙醇胺。术语“水合物”还可以指其中溶剂分子是水的复合物。
“前药”是可以在生理条件下转换为或通过溶剂分解为具体化合物或此类化合物的盐的化合物。前药包括其中氨基酸残基或两个或多个(例如2、3或4个)氨基酸残基的多肽链通过酰胺键或酯键与本发明化合物的游离氨基、羟基或羧基共价结合的化合物。该氨基酸残基包括但不限于通常以三字母符号表示的20种天然存在的氨基酸,也包括磷酸丝氨酸(phosphoserine),磷酸苏氨酸,磷酸酪氨酸,4-羟基脯氨酸,羟基赖氨酸,demosine,isodemosine,γ-羧基谷氨酸,苯甲酰甘氨酸,八氢吲哚-2-羧酸,抑胃酶氨酸,1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-羧酸,3-巯基缬氨酸,鸟氨酸,3-甲基组氨酸,正缬氨酸,β-丙氨酸,γ-氨基丁酸,cirtulline,高半胱氨酸,高丝氨酸,甲基-丙氨酸,对苯甲酰基苯丙氨酸,苯基甘氨酸,炔丙基甘氨酸,肌氨酸,甲硫氨酸砜和叔丁基甘氨酸。
还包括其它类型的前药。例如,式I化合物的游离羧基可以衍生为酰胺或烷基酯。作为另一个实例,通过将羟基转化为基团例如但不限于磷酸酯、半琥珀酸酯、二甲基氨基乙酸酯或磷酰氧基甲氧基羰基,包含游离羟基的本发明化合物可以衍生化为前药,如Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,1996,19,115中所列出的。羟基和氨基的氨基甲酸酯前药还以羟基的碳酸酯前药、磺酸酯和硫酸酯形式被包括在内。还包括羟基衍生为(酰氧基)甲基和(酰氧基)乙醚,其中酰基可以是任选被(包括但不限于)醚、胺和羧酸官能团取代的烷基酯,或其中酰基是如上所述的氨基酸酯。这种类型的前药描述在J.Med.Chem.,1996,39,10中。更具体的实例包括醇基团的氢原子被基团例如(C1-C6)烷酰基氧基甲基、1-((C1-C6)烷酰基氧基)乙基、1-甲基-1-((C1-C6)烷酰基氧基)乙基、(C1-C6)烷氧羰基氧基甲基、N-(C1-C6)烷氧羰基氨基-甲基、琥珀酰基、(C1-C6)烷酰基、α-氨基(C1-C4)烷酰基、芳基酰基和α-氨基酰基或α-氨基酰基-α-氨基酰基取代,其中每个α-氨基酰基独立地选自天然存在的L-氨基酸、P(O)(OH)2、-P(O)(O(C1-C6)烷基)2或糖基(由除去半缩醛式碳水化合物的羟基所产生的基团)。
式I化合物的游离胺还可以衍生化为酰胺、磺酰胺或磷酰胺。所有这些部分可以结合基团(包括但不限于)醚、胺和羧酸官能团。例如,前药可以如下形成:用基团例如R-羰基、RO-羰基、NRR′-羰基取代氨基中的氢原子,其中R和R′各自独立地是(C1-C10)烷基、(C3-C7)环烷基或苄基,或R-羰基是天然α-氨基酰基或天然α-氨基酰基-天然α-氨基酰基、-C(OH)C(O)OY(其中Y是H、(C1-C6)烷基或苄基)、C(OY0)Y1(其中Y0是(C1-C4)烷基,且Y1是(C1-C6)烷基、羧基(C1-C6)烷基、氨基(C1-C4)烷基或单-N-或二-N,N-(C1-C6)烷基氨基烷基),或-C(Y2)Y3(其中Y2是H或甲基,Y3是单-N-或二-N,N-(C1-C6)烷基氨基、吗啉代、哌啶-1-基或吡咯烷-1-基)。
对于前药衍生物的其它实例,参见例如,a)Design of Prodrugs,H.Bundgaard编,(Elsevier,1985)和Methods in Enzymology,Vol.42,p.309-396,K.Widder等人编,(Academic Press,1985);b)A Textbook of Drug Design andDevelopment,Krogsgaard-Larsen和H.Bundgaard编,第5章″Design andApplication of Prodrugs″,H.Bundgaard p.113-191(1991);c)H.Bundgaard,Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,8:1-38(1992);d)H.Bundgaard等人,Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,77:285(1988);和e)N.Kakeya等人,Chem.Pharm.Bull.,32:692(1984),将其每个具体引入作为参考。
或者,本发明的化合物可以具有充分酸性的基团、充分碱性基团,或者两种官能团,并且因此与许多无机或有机碱或酸的任一项进行反应,形成盐。盐的实例包括通过本发明化合物与无机或有机酸或无机碱反应所制备的盐,这种盐包括但不限于:硫酸盐、焦硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、偏磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、癸酸盐、辛酸盐、丙烯酸盐、甲酸盐、异丁酸盐、己酸盐、庚酸盐、丙炔酸盐、草酸盐、丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、辛二酸盐、癸二酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、丁炔-1,4-二酸盐、己炔-1,6-二酸盐、苯甲酸盐、氯苯甲酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、羟基苯甲酸盐、甲氧基苯甲酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐、磺酸盐、二甲苯磺酸盐、苯乙酸盐、苯丙酸盐、苯基丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、γ-羟基丁酸盐、乙醇酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、丙磺酸盐、萘-1-磺酸盐、萘-2-磺酸盐和扁桃酸盐。由于本发明的单一化合物可以包含一个以上酸性或碱性部分,所以本发明的化合物可以在单一化合物中包括单、二或三-盐。
如果本发明化合物是碱,可以通过本领域可利用的任一合适的方法来制备所需的盐,例如,用酸性化合物例如无机酸例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等处理游离碱,或用有机酸例如乙酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、扁桃酸、富马酸、丙二酸、丙酮酸、草酸、羟基乙酸、水杨酸、吡喃型糖苷酸(pyranosidyl)例如葡糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸、α羟基酸例如柠檬酸或酒石酸、氨基酸例如天冬氨酸或谷氨酸、芳香酸例如苯甲酸或肉桂酸、磺酸例如对甲苯磺酸或乙磺酸等处理游离碱。
如果本发明的化合物是酸,所需的盐可以通过任一合适的方法制备,例如,用无机或有机碱处理游离酸。合适无机盐的实例包括与碱和碱土金属例如锂、钠、钾、钡和钙形成的那些盐。合适有机碱盐的实例包括例如铵、二苄基铵、苄基铵、2-羟基乙基铵、双(2-羟基乙基)铵、苯基乙基苄基胺、二苄基乙二胺等盐。酸性部分的其它盐可以包括例如与普鲁卡因、奎宁和N-甲基葡糖胺形成的那些盐,加上与碱性氨基酸例如甘氨酸、鸟氨酸、组氨酸、苯基甘氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸形成的盐。
在某些实施方案中,除非另有陈述,盐是“可药用盐”,其包括保持具体化合物的相应游离酸或碱的生物有效性的盐,并且不是生物学或其他不合需要的盐。
式I的化合物还包括这种化合物的其它盐,其不一定是可药用盐,并且其可以用作制备和/或纯化式I化合物的中间体和/或分离式I化合物的对映异构体的中间体。
本发明还包括同位素标记的本发明化合物,其与本文所列举的相同,但事实是,在性质上,一个或多个原子被具有不同于通常认定的原子质量或质量数的原子质量或质量数的原子替代。所列举的任何具体原子或元素的所有同位素均包括在本发明化合物和其用途范围内。可以结合进本发明化合物的示例性的同位素包括氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、硫、氟、氯和碘的同位素,例如2H、3H、11C、13C、14C、13N、15N、15O、17O、18O、32P、33P、35S、18F、36Cl、123I和125I。某些同位素标记的本发明化合物(例如用3H和14C标记的)可用于化合物和/或底物组织分布测试中。由于其易于制备和检测,氚代(即3H)和碳-14(即14C)同位素是有用的。此外,带有较重同位素例如氘(即2H)的取代基可以提供某些治疗优势,这是因为其产生更大的代谢稳定性(例如,体内半衰期增加或剂量要求减低),由此在一些情况下是优选的。正电子发射同位素例如15O、13N、11C和18F可有效用于正电子发射成像术(PET)研究,以检测底物受体占有率。同位素标记的本发明化合物一般可以如下制备:按照与反应路线和/或本文下面实施例中所公开方法的类似方法,用同位素标记的试剂替代无同位素标记的试剂。
式I化合物的代谢产物
还属于本发明范围的是本文所描述的式I化合物的体内代谢产物。“代谢产物”是通过具体化合物或其盐的体内代谢而产生的药理学活性产物。此类产物可以通过例如给药化合物的氧化、还原、水解、酰胺化、脱酰胺、酯化、脱酯、酶催化裂解等来产生。因此,本发明包括式I化合物的代谢产物,包括通过一定方法产生的化合物,该方法包括将本发明的化合物与哺乳动物接触足以产生其代谢产物的一段时间。
代谢产物如下确定:例如,制备放射性同位素(例如14C或3H)标记的本发明化合物,将其以可测剂量(例如大于大约0.5mg/kg)胃肠外给药至动物例如大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠、猴子或人,保持足以发生代谢的时间(典型地为大约30秒钟至30小时),从尿、血液或其它生物样品中分离其转化产物。由于这些产物是标记的,所以容易分离(利用能够结合代谢产物中残存表位的抗体来分离其它产物)。代谢产物结构用常规方式例如MS、LC/MS或NMR分析来确定。通常,代谢产物的分析是用与本领域技术人员所熟知的常规药物代谢研究一样的方法来进行的。只要没有在体内发现代谢产物,这些代谢产物就可用于针对治疗剂量的本发明化合物的诊断测试。
式I化合物的合成
本发明的化合物可以利用与化学领域中熟知的方法(尤其是按照本文所包含的描述内容)类似的合成路线来合成。起始原料一般得自于商品渠道,例如Aldrich Chemicala(Milwaukee,WI),或使用本领域技术人员熟知的方法方便地制备(例如,利用描述在下列中的方法来制备:Louis F.Fieser和Mary Fieser,Reagents for Organic Synthesis,v.1-19,Wiley,N.Y.(1967-1999ed.),或Beilsteins Handbuch der organischen Chemie,4,Aufl.ed.Springer-Verlag,Berlin,包括增刊)。
可以单独制备式I的化合物,或以包括至少2个,例如5至1,000个化合物或10至100个化合物的化合物库形式来制备。式I化合物库可以利用组合化学的“裂分和混合”方法或通过许多平行合成来制备,其利用本领域技术人员已知的方法、使用液相或固相化学过程进行。因此,按照本发明的其它方面,提供了包括至少2个式I化合物或其可药用盐的化合物库。
出于示例性的目的,反应路线1和反应路线A-K显示了制备本发明化合物以及关键中间体的通用方法。为了更详细说明单一反应步骤,参见下面的实施例部分。本领域技术人员可以理解,可以使用其它合成路线来合成本发明的化合物。尽管在反应路线中描述了具体起始原料和试剂并且在下面进行了讨论,但可以容易地替换为其它起始原料和试剂,以提供各种衍生物和/或反应条件。此外,可以按照本公开,使用本领域技术人员熟知的常规化学过程,将通过如下所述方法制备的许多化合物进行进一步修饰。
反应路线1
反应路线1显示了制备式I的化合物57的方法,其中R1是Me。在碱性条件(例如NaH)下,在-20℃至100℃的温度下,使用羟基酯化合物52和不饱和的酯8,可以一步制备酮酯53。嘧啶化合物54的形成可通过在溶剂例如甲苯或苯中将甲脒乙酸盐(例如)与酮酯53一起加热(例如40℃至回流)来进行。通过将嘧啶-4-醇活化为任何合适的离去基团,可以将化合物54进一步向前推进:例如,化合物55可以使用许多替代性方法(例如,POCl3的二氯乙烷溶液,回流等)制备。随后,在合适溶剂(例如NMP)中,在碱(例如NEt3或DIPEA)的存在下,在合适的温度(例如室温至回流)下,在55和适当取代的哌嗪(例如N-Boc哌嗪)之间进行SNAr反应,提供化合物56。在某些情况下,对于较差的离去基团或位阻更大的试剂,可能需要其它条件,例如使用密封试管装置或微波化学。随后除去保护基(PG)(例如,4N HCl的二噁烷溶液参与的Boc基团的去除;或参见‘Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis’,Greene和Wuts,Wiley-Interscience,第三版,第7章),然后在碱(例如NEt3、DIPEA或DBU等)的存在下,用合适的酰氯进行酰化,或在碱(例如NEt3、DIPEA或DBU等)的存在下,使用合适的偶合试剂(EDCI、CDI或HATU等)将酸偶合,提供化合物57。然后,可以在标准条件下,除去包含在这些酸单元内的任何保护基(参见,例如,‘Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis’,Greene和Wuts,Wiley-Interscience,第三版)。
因此,本发明的另一个方面提供了制备式I化合物的方法,其包括:
将具有下式的化合物
其中R1、R2和R5如本文所定义,与具有下式的化合物进行反应
其中R6、R7、R8、Ra、Rb、Rc、Rd、G、n、m和p如本文所定义。
在式I化合物的合成(如反应路线1所示例)中使用的氨基酸可以商购得到,或可以按照本文公开的方法制备。例如,在某些实施方案中,用于制备式I化合物的氨基酸包括具有式1A的β-苯基甘氨酸氨基酸,具有式2A的γ-苯基甘氨酸氨基酸,具有式3A的β-苯丙氨酸氨基酸,和具有式4A的γ-苯丙氨酸氨基酸。
制备通式1A-4A的氨基酸的方法示于反应路线A-K中。
反应路线A
反应路线A示例性地显示出了制备任选取代的式1的β-苯基甘氨酸氨基酸25和26的方法,其中R8是H,Rc和Rd是H,且R6、R9和t如本文所定义,R7是H或胺的保护基团。按照反应路线A,酸20通过下列条件转变为酯21(其中R′是烷基):在催化量的酸例如浓H2SO4或偶合剂例如DCC/DMAP的存在下,使用标准条件,例如用合适的醇(例如MeOH)处理;或者,在碱例如NEt3/DMAP的存在下,在合适的温度(例如-20℃至100℃),用合适的亲电试剂(例如MeI,EtBr,BnBr)处理。酯的合适选择是由合成最后的酸重新形成所需的条件来确定的,使用许多列于下面的实例和条件:‘Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis’,Greene和Wuts,Wiley-Interscience,第三版,第5章。引入羟甲基提供化合物22可以通过在碱例如NaOEt的存在下,在合适的温度(例如-20℃至室温)下,用合适的醛(例如甲醛)处理来实现。化合物22的醇基团的活化形成离去基团(例如甲磺酸酯、甲苯磺酸酯、卤化物)可以通过在过量的碱例如NEt3、DIPEA或DBU的存在下,在合适的温度(例如-20℃至室温)下,用例如甲磺酰基氯处理来实现。在很多情况下,可以直接由此方法分离烯烃24,在其它情况下,可能需要加热(30℃至100℃)或额外的碱(例如在卤素情况下需要DBU),以完成消除反应,提供化合物24。在合适溶剂例如THF中,在合适的温度(例如-20℃至回流)下,可以用所需的伯胺(例如乙胺)处理活化的烯烃24,产生氨基酯中间体。在化合物24具有富电子芳香环或缺电子的/体积大的伯胺的情况下,可能需要加热(例如30-240℃,在密封管中)或微波化学。在标准条件下,使用Boc2O,可以实现氨基的保护(例如Boc-基团形式),提供化合物23,其中Pg是保护基。可以使用其它保护基,许多合适的实例列于‘Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis’,Greene和Wuts,Wiley-Interscience,第三版,第7章。酯23皂化形成保护的氨基酸25可以使用适合于酯的条件实现(例如,对于甲基酯,使用LiOH水溶液,对于苄基酯,进行氢化,对于叔丁基酯,使用酸)。
或者,在合适溶剂例如THF中,在合适的温度(例如-20℃至回流)下,可以用仲胺(例如二乙胺)处理活化的烯烃24,产生氨基酯中间体(未显示出来)。在化合物24具有富电子芳香环或缺电子的/体积大的仲胺的情况下,可能需要加热(例如30-240℃,在密封管中)或微波化学过程。酯的皂化形成氨基酸26可以使用适合于酯的条件实现(例如,对于甲基酯,使用LiOH水溶液,对于苄基酯,进行氢化,对于叔丁基酯,使用酸等)。
反应路线B
反应路线B显示出了制备任选取代的式1的β-苯基甘氨酸氨基酸30和31的方法,其中R8是OH,Rc和Rd是H,R6、R9和t如本文所定义,R7如本文所定义或是胺的保护基团。使用标准氧化剂例如MCPBA,在合适的温度(室温至回流)下,将不饱和酯24(按照反应路线A制备)氧化,其中t是0-4,R′是烷基,提供环氧化物中间体28。典型地在高温下(例如50-300℃)和高压(例如,在密封管或高压容器中)下,可以用合适的胺处理中间体28,得到氨基醇29或30。如果使用仲胺(例如在化合物30的制备中),那么可以使用列于‘Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis’,Greene和Wuts,Wiley-Interscience,第三版,第5章中的条件将酯脱保护(例如,对于甲基酯,使用LiOH,对于苄基酯,进行氢化等)。当使用伯胺时(例如在化合物29的制备中),将胺进行保护(例如,使用Boc酸酐作为Boc-基团形式),然后进行酯的脱保护(使用上述条件),提供羟基化的氨基酸31。
反应路线C
反应路线C显示出了制备任选取代的式1的β-苯基甘氨酸氨基酸36的方法,其中R8是甲基,R6是H,R7是胺的保护基团,R9和t如本文所定义。在合适的温度(例如0℃至回流)下,可以用碱(例如NaOtBu)处理酯32(其中R′″是烷基),形成阴离子,然后在合适的温度(例如78℃至室温)下,加入亲电试剂(例如2-溴乙酸叔丁基酯),得到同系化的酯33。使用合适的酸例如TFA或HCl,在合适的温度(例如0℃至回流)下,化合物33的叔丁基酯进行皂化反应,提供化合物34。在弱碱例如NEt3的存在下,在合适的温度(例如0℃至回流)下,使用例如DPPA进行化合物34的Curtius重排,然后任选在路易斯酸(例如SnCl2)的存在下,在高温(例如40-200℃)下,用醇(例如tBuOH)处理活化的中间体,提供化合物35,其中Pg是胺保护基。用于制备化合物35所选择的醇决定了胺的保护基团(例如tBuOH,提供Boc-胺)。使用标准条件(例如,当保护基是甲基酯时,用LiOH,对于苄基酯,进行氢化等),将化合物35的酯基进行脱保护,得到酸化合物36。
反应路线D
反应路线D显示出了制备任选取代的式2的γ-苯基甘氨酸氨基酸40的方法,其中Rc、Rd、R9和t如本文所定义,R6是H,R7是胺的保护基团,例如Boc。按照反应路线A制备的起始不饱和酯24,可以在碱例如DBU的存在下,在合适的温度(例如0℃至室温)下,用取代的硝基甲烷衍生物(例如硝基乙烷)处理,得到同系化加成物37。使用标准条件(例如氢化,Zn/酸等),在合适的温度(例如室温至回流)下,可以将化合物37的硝基还原,并且可以将得到的中间体环化,得到内酰胺中间体38。在标准条件下,使用Boc2O,可以实现氨基的保护(例如用Boc-基团),提供化合物39。可以使用其它保护基,许多合适的实例列于‘Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis’,Greene和Wuts,Wiley-Interscience,第三版,第7章。在合适的温度(例如0至100℃)下,用碱水溶液例如LiOH或KOH水溶液处理化合物39,实现内酰胺的开环,得到适当取代的保护氨基酸化合物40。
反应路线E
反应路线E显示出了制备任选取代的式2的γ-苯基甘氨酸氨基酸44的方法,其中R8是甲基,R6是H,R7是胺的保护基团,R9和t如本文所定义。在合适的温度(例如0℃至回流)下,可以用合适碱例如KOtBu处理酯32(其中R′″是烷基,t是0-4),形成阴离子,然后在-78℃至室温的温度范围下,加入丙烯酸酯单元(例如丙烯酸叔丁基酯),得到同系化的酯41。在合适温度(例如0℃至回流)下,使用合适酸例如TFA或HCl处理,将化合物41的叔丁基酯进行皂化,提供化合物42。在弱碱例如NEt3的存在下,在合适的温度(例如0℃至回流)下,使用例如DPPA进行化合物42的Curtius重排,然后任选在路易斯酸(例如SnCl2)的存在下,在高温(例如40-200℃)下,用合适的醇(例如tBuOH)处理活化的中间体,提供化合物43。所选择的醇决定了化合物43的胺的保护基团(例如tBuOH,提供Boc-胺)。在标准条件下(例如,对于甲基酯,用LiOH,对于苄基酯,进行氢化等),将化合物43的酯基进行脱保护,得到酸化合物44。
在反应路线E的替代性反应路线中,R8可以是氢。
反应路线F
反应路线F显示出了制备任选取代的式3的β-苯丙氨酸氨基酸48、49和50的方法,其中R6是H,R7是胺的保护基团,Rc和Rd是H,R9和t如本文所定义。在合适的碱例如哌啶的存在下,在合适的温度(例如室温至回流)下,可以用式CN-CH2CO2R′″(其中R′″是烷基)的氰基乙酸酯(例如2-氰基乙酸乙酯)处理适当取代的醛45,得到不饱和的酯46。可以用许多方式实现烯烃和化合物46的氰基的还原,提供化合物47。例如,可以用任何已知的试剂例如NaBH4来还原烯烃,实现1,4-还原。在路易斯酸例如BF3.OEt2或TFA的存在下,使用试剂例如LiAlH4或NaBH4,可以还原腈。可以使用许多其它还原剂,例如列于下列中的那些:‘Reductions in Organic Chemistry’,Hudlicky,ACS monograph,第二版,第18章。如果需要的话,使用标准条件(例如,使用合适的醛、路易斯酸和还原剂进行还原胺化),可以在此步骤中将伯胺47单烷基化或双烷基化,提供可形成化合物48和49的中间体(未显示出来)。为了制备伯胺和仲胺,可以使用许多保护基(例如‘Protective Groupsin Organic synthesis’,Greene和Wuts,Wiley-Interscience,第三版,第7章)实现保护,例如在0℃至室温,使用Boc酸酐形成Boc-基团。可以使用碱例如LiOH或KOH水溶液或列于上述‘Protective Groups’文本中的任何其它试剂(例如,对于苄基酯,进行氢化),实现酯基裂解形成氨基酸48、49或50。
反应路线G
反应路线G显示出了制备任选取代的式4的α-苯丙氨酸氨基酸54的方法,其中R6是H,R7是胺的保护基团,R9和t如本文所定义。在室温至回流的温度范围下,使用例如LiAlH4,可以将适当取代的酸51还原成苯甲醇52。使用例如PBr3、MsCl/NEt3等,可以将化合物52的醇基团活化为离去基团(例如卤化物、甲磺酸酯等)。在强碱例如LDA、nBuLi的存在下,使用保护的甘氨酸衍生物例如2-(二苯亚甲基氨基)乙酸乙酯,将该离去基团进行置换,提供氨基酯中间体53,其中R1是烷基,Pg是保护基。合适的保护基列于‘Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis’,Greene和Wuts,Wiley-Interscience)。在此步骤中,可以改变胺的保护基团,例如引入Boc-基团。随后,在合适的温度(例如0℃至回流)下,将酯53进行脱保护(例如对于苄基酯,使用3N HCl,LiOH,氢化等),提供所需的N-保护的氨基酸54。
反应路线H
反应路线H显示出了制备任选取代的式2的γ-苯基甘氨酸氨基酸56的方法,其中R6和R8与它们相连的原子一起形成螺环杂环,R7是胺的保护基团,R9和t如本文所定义。按照反应路线H,在无水条件(例如,加入分子筛)下,在合适的温度(例如室温至回流)下,可以用合适保护的甘氨酸衍生物(例如苄基甘氨酸)和甲醛处理不饱和酯24,产生化合物55。使用标准条件(例如,通过氢化,1-氯乙基甲酸酯等),将苄基裂解,然后加入胺的保护基团例如Boc-基团,并在标准条件下(例如对于甲基酯,用LiOH,对于叔丁基酯,用酸等,在0℃至回流)将酯裂解,提供N-保护的氨基酸56。
反应路线I
反应路线I显示出了制备任选取代的式3的β-苯丙氨酸氨基酸61和62的方法,其中Rc和Rd是H,R6和Rb与它们相连的原子一起形成杂环,R7、R9和t如本文所定义。酸57通过以下条件转变为酯58:在催化剂酸(例如浓H2SO4或TMSCl)或偶合剂(例如DCC/DMAP)的存在下,使用标准条件例如用合适的醇(例如MeOH)处理;或者在合适碱例如NEt3/DMAP的存在下,在合适的温度(例如-20℃至100℃)下,用合适的亲电试剂(例如MeI,EtBr,BnBr)处理。酯的合适选择是由合成最后中酸的重新形成所需的条件确定的,例如描述在下列中的条件:‘Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis’,Greene和Wuts,Wiley-Interscience,第三版,第5章。在TFA的存在下,使用例如N-(甲氧基甲基)(苯基)-N-((三甲基甲硅基)甲基)甲胺,实现化合物58的环化,提供化合物59。这组具体试剂产生了苄胺,在标准条件(例如氢化,在-20℃至50℃)或任何其它标准条件例如列于下列中的那些条件下,可以将其裂解,提供化合物60:‘Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis’,Greene和Wuts,Wiley-Interscience,第三版,第7章。使用列于上述的试剂例如Boc-酸酐,用其它保护基(例如Boc)保护化合物60的游离胺,然后使用适合于酯的标准条件(例如对于甲基酯,使用LiOH水溶液,对于苄基酯,使用氢化,对于叔丁基酯,使用酸),将酯裂解,提供酸化合物61。或者,可以将游离胺进一步官能团化(例如使用烷基化、还原胺化或酰化条件),然后进行酯裂解,产生叔氨基酸化合物62。
反应路线J
使用例如反应路线J中所示的方法,制备β-氨基酸的任何一个对映异构体。可以用亚胺或亚铵离子合成子处理2-苯乙酸酯,其中亚胺或亚铵离子合成子通过例如在-100℃至50℃,在路易斯酸(例如TiCl4)和适当取代的烷氧基甲胺或N-(烷氧基甲基)酰胺/氨基甲酸酯的存在下原位制备,且其中2-苯乙酸酯与具有合适立体化学的合适的手性助剂(R*)(例如Evans′助剂或磺内酰胺)偶合,其用于在氨基酸的β位产生所需的化学现象。不对称加成可能需要存在Lewis酸(例如TiCl4)、胺碱(例如Hunig′s碱)和低温(例如-100℃至0℃),以产生最好水平的立体化学诱导作用。如果非对映选择性比需要的低,可以在此步骤中通过(例如)色谱或结晶来分离单独的非对映异构体。使用裂解所选择助剂的已知方法(例如对于Evans助剂,LiOH/H2O2,在-50℃至50℃),将手性助剂裂解,然后得到所需的N-保护的β-氨基酸,其在β位具有所需的立体化学。另外,如果R6也是保护基团(例如2,4-二甲氧基苄基),可以在Boc-基团的存在下将其除去(例如氢化或DDQ等),得到Boc-氨基酸,除去Boc-基团,提供伯胺,通过烷基化、酰化或还原胺化,可以将其进一步官能团化(在与嘧啶-哌嗪单元偶合之前或之后)。
反应路线K
反应路线K显示出了形成γ氨基酸的单一对映异构体的代表性的方法,其中Rc、Rd和R9如本文所定义,t是0至4,R6是H,R7是胺的保护基团例如Boc。在一个合适的方法中,使用手性固定相,对外消旋氨基酸进行手性色谱分离。或者,可以制备非对映异构体的混合物,通过常规色谱技术将其分离。例如,在碱性胺(例如Hunig′s碱)的存在下,在-20℃至50℃,外消旋氨基酸的活化(例如COCl2,碱)和手性助剂R*(例如Evans′噁唑烷酮)的引入,得到非对映异构体的混合物。可以使用标准条件(例如柱层析,HPLC,SFC等)分离该混合物,得到单一的非对映异构体。通过手性助剂的裂解(在Evans′助剂的情况下,使用(例如)LiOH/HOOH,在-15℃至室温下),这些可以转变为所需酸,得到γ-氨基酸的单一对映异构体。需要将温度保持很低,以便防止最新分离的手性中心的消旋。
在式I化合物的制备中,可能需要保护中间体的远端官能团(remotefunctionalities)(例如伯胺或仲胺等)。对这种保护的需要是变化的,这取决于远端官能团的性质和制备方法的条件。合适的氨基-保护基(NH-Pg)包括乙酰基,三氟乙酰基,叔丁氧羰基(BOC),苄氧羰基(CBz)和9-芴基亚甲基氧基羰基(Fmoc)。本领域技术人员容易确定需要的这种保护。对于保护基和其用途的概述,参见T.W.Greene,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,JohnWiley&Sons,New York,1991。
分离方法
在制备式I化合物的任何合成方法中,将反应产物互相分离和/或从起始原料中分离是有利的。利用本领域普通技术,将各个步骤或系列步骤的所需产物分离和/或纯化至目标均匀度。典型地,这种分离包括多相萃取、从溶剂或溶剂混合物中结晶、蒸馏、升华或色谱。色谱可以包括许多方法,包括例如:反相和正相色谱;体积排除色谱;离子交换色谱;高、中和低压液相色谱法和装置;小型分析;模拟移动床(SMB)和制备薄层色谱法或厚层色谱法,以及小规模薄层和快速色谱技术。
另一种分离方法包括:用选择的试剂处理反应混合物,以与目标产物、未反应的起始原料、反应副产物等结合或使其分离。这种试剂包括吸附剂或吸收剂例如活性碳、分子筛、离子交换介质等。或者,在碱性材料的情况下,试剂可以是酸,在酸性物质的情况下,可以是碱,结合试剂例如抗体、结合蛋白、选择性的螯合剂例如冠醚、液体/液体离子萃取试剂(LIX)等。
根据所涉及物质的性质选择合适的分离方法。例如,在蒸馏和升华中的沸点和分子量,在色谱中的存在或不存在极性官能团,在多相萃取中的酸性和碱性介质中的物质稳定性等。本领域技术人员会应用最合适的技术,以实现所需的分离。
基于物理化学差异,利用本领域技术人员熟知的方法,例如色谱和/或分级结晶,可以将非对映异构体混合物分离为其单一非对映异构体。对映异构体可以如下分离:通过与合适的旋光性化合物(例如手性助剂,例如手性醇或Mosher′s酰氯)反应,将对映异构体混合物转化为非对映异构体混合物,分离非对映异构体,并将单一非对映异构体转化(例如水解)为相应的纯对映异构体。同样,本发明的一些化合物可能是阻转异构体(例如取代的联芳基),并且认为其是本发明的一部分。还可以使用手性HPLC柱分离对映异构体。
单一的立体异构体,例如对映异构体(基本上不含其立体异构体)可以使用例如使用光学活性拆分试剂形成非对映异构体的方法,通过拆分消旋混合物而获得。(Eliel,E.和Wilen,S.″Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds,″John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,1994;Lochmuller,C.H.,J.Chromatogr.,(1975)113(3):283-302)。本发明手性化合物的消旋混合物通过任一合适的方法分开和分离,其包括:(1)与手性化合物形成离子、非对映异构体盐,通过分级结晶或其它方法进行分离,(2)与手性衍生化试剂形成非对映异构体化合物,分离非对映异构体,并转化为纯的立体异构体,和(3)在手性条件下,直接分离基本上纯的或富集的立体异构体。参见:″Drug Stereochemistry,Analytical Methods and Pharmacology,″Irving W.Wainer编,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York(1993)。
在方法(1)中,非对映异构体盐可以由对映异构体纯的手性碱例如番木鳖碱、奎宁、麻黄碱、马钱子碱、α-甲基-β-苯乙胺(苯丙胺)等与携带酸性官能团例如羧酸和磺酸的不对称化合物的反应形成。通过分级结晶或离子色谱,可以诱导分离非对映异构体盐。对于氨基化合物的旋光异构体的分离,加入手性羧酸或磺酸,例如樟脑磺酸、酒石酸、扁桃酸或乳酸,可以致使非对映异构体盐的形成。
或者,通过方法(2),使所要拆分的底物与手性化合物的一个对映异构体反应,形成非对映异构体对(E.和Wilen,S.″Stereochemistry of OrganicCompounds″,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1994,p.322)。非对映异构体化合物可以由不对称化合物与对映异构体纯的手性衍生化试剂例如薄荷基衍生物的反应而形成,然后分离非对映异构体,并水解,以产生纯的或富集的对映异构体。测定光学纯度的方法包括:在碱的存在下制备消旋混合物的手性酯,例如薄荷基酯,例如(-)氯甲酸薄荷基酯,或Mosher酯(-甲氧基-α-(三氟甲基)苯基乙酸酯(Jacob III.J.Org.Chem.(1982)47:4165),并分析1H NMR光谱,确定两种阻转异构体对映异构体或非对映异构体的存在。按照分离阻转异构体萘基-异喹啉(WO 96/15111)的方法,通过正和反向色谱法,可以分开和分离阻转异构体化合物的稳定非对映异构体。通过方法(3),可以通过使用手性固定相的色谱来分离两个对映异构体的消旋混合物(″ChiralLiquid Chromatography″(1989)W.J.Lough编,Chapman和Hall,New York;Okamoto,J.of Chromatogr.,(1990)513:375-378)。通过辨别其它手性分子(带有不对称碳原子)所使用的方法(例如旋光和圆二色性),可以区别富集的或纯对映异构体。
使用式I化合物的治疗方法
本发明的化合物可以用作治疗疾病或病症的预防或治疗剂,该疾病或病症是通过调控或调节AKT蛋白激酶、酪氨酸激酶、其它丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶和/或双重特异性激酶介导的。可以按照本发明方法治疗的AKT蛋白激酶介导的病症包括,但不限于,炎性(inflammatory)、高增殖性(hyperproliferative)、心血管(cardiovascular)、神经变性(neurodegenerative)、妇科(gynecological)和皮肤(dermatological)疾病(disease)和病症(disorder)。
在一个实施方案中,所述药物组合物用于治疗高增殖性病症,包括下列类型的癌症:(1)心脏:肉瘤(血管肉瘤、纤维肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、脂肉瘤)、粘液瘤、横纹肌瘤、纤维瘤、脂肪瘤和畸胎瘤;(2)肺:支气管癌(鳞状细胞癌、未分化的小细胞癌、未分化的大分子细胞癌、腺癌)、蜂窝状(细支气管)癌、支气管腺瘤、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、软骨瘤的错构瘤、间皮瘤、非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌;(3)胃肠:食道(鳞状细胞癌、腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤、淋巴瘤)、胃(癌、淋巴瘤、平滑肌肉瘤)、胰腺(管道(ductal)腺癌、胰岛瘤、胰升血糖素瘤、胃泌素瘤、类癌瘤、舒血管肠肽瘤)、小肠(腺癌、淋巴瘤、类癌瘤、卡波斯肉瘤(Karposi′s sarcoma)、平滑肌瘤、血管瘤、脂肪瘤、纤维神经瘤、纤维瘤)、大肠(腺癌、管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤、错构瘤、平滑肌瘤);(4)泌尿生殖道:肾脏(腺癌、胚胎性癌肉瘤[韦母氏瘤]、淋巴瘤、白血病)、膀胱和尿道(鳞状细胞癌、转移细胞癌、腺癌)、前列腺(腺癌、肉瘤)、睾丸(精原细胞瘤、畸胎瘤、胚胎性癌、畸胎癌、绒膜癌、肉瘤、间质细胞癌、纤维瘤、纤维腺瘤、腺瘤样瘤、脂肪瘤);(5)肝脏:肝癌(肝细胞癌)、肝胆管型肝癌、肝胚细胞瘤、血管肉瘤、肝细胞性的腺瘤、血管瘤;(6)骨骼:骨原性肉瘤(骨肉瘤)、纤维肉瘤、恶性的纤维组织细胞瘤、软骨肉瘤、尤因氏肉瘤、恶性淋巴瘤(网状细胞肉瘤)、多重骨髓癌、恶性的巨细胞瘤脊索瘤、骨软骨瘤(骨软骨性外生骨疣)、良性软骨瘤、成软骨细胞瘤、软骨黏液样纤维瘤、骨样骨瘤和巨细胞瘤;(7)神经体系:头骨(骨瘤、血管瘤、肉芽瘤、黄瘤、畸形性骨炎)、脑膜(脑膜瘤、脑膜肉瘤、神经胶质瘤病)、脑(星形细胞瘤、成神经管细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤、室管膜瘤、胚组织瘤[松果体瘤]、多形性恶性胶质瘤、寡枝神经胶质细胞瘤、神经鞘瘤、成视网膜细胞瘤、先天性肿瘤)、脊髓纤维神经瘤、脑膜瘤、神经胶质瘤、肉瘤);(8)妇科疾病:子宫(子宫内膜癌)、宫颈(宫颈癌、肿瘤前子宫颈非典型增生)、卵巢(卵巢癌[浆液性囊腺癌、粘液性囊腺癌、无类别的癌]、粒膜-膜的细胞肿瘤、卵巢塞莱二氏细胞瘤、无性细胞瘤、卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤)、外阴(鳞状细胞癌、上皮内癌、腺癌、纤维肉瘤、黑素瘤)、阴道(明细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、葡萄样肉瘤(胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤)、输卵管(癌);(9)血液:血液(骨髓性白血病[急性和慢性]、急性淋巴母细胞性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、骨髓及外骨髓增殖疾病、多重骨髓癌、脊髓发育不良综合症)、淋巴肉芽肿病、非Hodgkin′s淋巴瘤[恶性淋巴瘤];(10)皮肤:发展性黑素瘤、恶性黑色素瘤、皮肤基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、卡波斯肉瘤、鼹鼠混合体型痣(moles dysplastic nevi)、脂肪瘤、血管瘤、皮肤纤维瘤、瘢痕瘤、牛皮癣;(11)肾上腺:神经母细胞瘤;(12)乳房:转移性的乳房癌;乳房腺癌;(13)结肠;(14)口腔;(15)毛细胞白血病;(16)头和颈;(17)及其它、包括难治疗的转移性疾病;卡波济氏肉瘤;Bannayan-Zonana综合症;和考登病(Cowden disease)或Lhermitte-Duclos病,及其它种类的过度增生性疾病。
本发明的化合物和方法也可以用于治疗下列疾病和病症:例如类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、节段性回肠炎(Chron′s disease)、血管纤维瘤、眼睛疾病(例如视网膜血管再生、糖尿病性视网膜病、年龄相关的黄斑变性、黄斑变性等)、多发性脑硬化、肥胖症、阿尔海默氏疾病、再狭窄、自身免疫疾病、过敏、哮喘、子宫内膜异位、动脉粥样硬化、静脉移植狭窄、迫位吻合修复移植狭窄、前列腺增生、慢性阻塞性肺病、牛皮癣、由于组织修复而造成的神经损伤抑制、瘢痕组织形成(可以帮助创伤愈合)、多发性脑硬化、炎性疾病肠病、感染、尤其是细菌、病毒、逆转录病毒或寄生虫感染(通过增加细胞程序死亡)、肺病、瘤、帕金森氏症、移植排斥(免疫抑制剂)、脓毒性休克等。
因此,本发明的另一个方面提供了治疗哺乳动物中AKT蛋白激酶介导的疾病或医学病症的方法,包括向所述哺乳动物给药有效治疗或预防所述病症量的一种或多种式I的化合物或其可药用盐或前药。
短语“有效量”是指:当给药至有此治疗需要的哺乳动物时,足以产生下列效果的化合物的量:(i)治疗或预防具体一种或多种AKT蛋白激酶、酪氨酸激酶、其它丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶和/或双重特异性激酶介导的疾病、病症或障碍,(ii)减弱、改善或消除具体疾病、病症或障碍的一或多种症状,或(iii)预防或延迟本文所述的具体疾病、病症或障碍的一种或多种症状的发作。在癌的情况下,有效量的药物可以减少癌细胞数目;降低肿瘤大小;抑制(即在某种程度上减缓,优选终止)癌细胞浸透到周围器官中;抑制(即在某种程度上减缓,优选终止)肿瘤转移;在某种程度上抑制肿瘤生长;和/或在某种程度上减轻与癌相关的一种或多种症状。为了达到药物可以预防所存在癌细胞的生长和/或将其杀死的程度,其可以是细胞生长抑制剂和/或细胞毒素。对于癌症治疗,可以例如通过评价疾病进展的时间(TTP)和/或测定反应率(RR)来测定其效果。
式I化合物的量会根据许多因素而变化,例如具体化合物、疾病和其严重程度、需要治疗的哺乳动物的特性(例如体重),然而,通常可以由本领域技术人员来确定。
“治疗”是指至少将由一种或多种AKT蛋白激酶、酪氨酸激酶、其它丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶和/或双重特异性激酶的活性所影响的(至少在某种程度上)的哺乳动物例如人的疾病减轻。术语“治疗”和“医治”指的是治疗性治疗以及预防或阻止性措施,其中目的是预防或延迟(衰减)不希望的生理变化或异常。对本发明来说,有利的或目标临床效果包括,但不限于,症状减轻,疾病程度降低,疾病状态稳定化(即未恶化),延迟或减缓疾病发展,改善或减缓疾病状态,和症状缓解(不论是部分的或全部的),不论是否是可检测或不可检测的。“治疗”还可以是指:与不得到医治而期望的存活相比,可以延长存活。需要治疗的那些包括:患有病症或障碍的那些,以及发现倾向于患有疾病但还没有诊断患有疾病的那些;需要调节和/或抑制疾病的那些。术语“治疗”包括预防措施(preventative),即预防性的(prophiactic),和减轻疗法。
本文使用的术语“哺乳动物”是指具有或处于本文所述疾病的发展危险之中的温血动物,包括但不限于豚鼠,狗,猫,大鼠,小鼠,仓鼠和灵长类,包括人。
本发明也提供了式I化合物,其用于治疗AKT蛋白激酶介导的病症。
本发明的其它方面是式I化合物在制备用于治疗(例如治疗或预防AKT蛋白激酶介导的)病症的药物中的用途。
组合治疗
本发明的化合物可以与一种或多种其它药物(例如如下所述的药物)组合使用。根据临床使用剂量,可以适当地选择第二种药物的剂量。本发明化合物和第二种药物的比例可以恰当地按照给药患者、给药途径、靶向疾病、临床病症、组合及其它因素来确定。如果给药患者是人,例如,第二种药物可以使用的量是每重量份数的本发明化合物的0.01至100重量份数。
优选地,药物组合制剂或剂量方案的第二种化合物对本发明的化合物具有辅助活性,以使它们不会相互不利地影响。这种药物可以以有效用于所需目的的量合适地存在于组合中。因此,本发明的另一个方面提供了组合物,其包含本发明的化合物以及(例如本文所述的)第二种药物。
可以在单元药物组合物中一起给药本发明的化合物和其它药学活性药物,或单独给药,并且当单独给药时,其可以以任何顺序同时或顺序地给药。这种顺序给药可以在时间上是接近的,或在时间上间隔很长。可以选择本发明化合物和第二种药物的量以及给药的相对时机,以便实现所需的组合的治疗效果。
组合治疗(combination therapy)可以提供“协同作用”,并且证明是“协同的”,即,一起使用活性组分时获得的效果大于由单独使用化合物所产生效果的和。当活性组分是下列时,可以获得协同效应:(1)在组合的单元剂量制剂中共同配制和同时给药或递送的;(2)以独立制剂形式交替或平行递送;或(3)通过其它方案。当在交替性治疗中递送时,可以获得协同效应,此时化合物是顺序给药或递送的,例如,通过独立注射器中的不同注射液。通常,在交替治疗期间,顺序地给药各个活性组分的有效剂量,即连续给药,而在组合治疗中,一起给药两种或多种活性组分的有效剂量。
“化学治疗剂(chemotherapeutic agent)”是用于治疗癌症的化合物,与作用机理无关。化学治疗剂包括用于“靶向治疗”和常规化学治疗中的化合物。
化学治疗剂的实例包括:埃洛替尼(TARCEVA,Genentech/OSIPharm.)、硼替佐米(Bortezomib)(VELCADE,Millennium Pharm.)、Fulvestrant(FASLODEX,AstraZeneca)、舒尼替尼(sutent)(SU11248,Pfizer)、来曲唑(FEMARA,Novartis)、伊马替尼甲磺酸盐(GLEEVEC,Novartis)、PTK787/ZK 222584(Novartis)、奥沙利铂(Eloxatin,Sanofi)、5-FU(5-氟尿嘧啶)、亚叶酸、雷帕霉素(Sirolimus,RAPAMUNE,Wyeth)、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)(TYKERB,GSK572016,Glaxo Smith Kline)、洛那法尼(lonafarnib)(SCH66336)、索拉非尼(sorafenib)(BAY43-9006,Bayer Labs)、依立替康(CAMPTOSAR,Pfizer)和吉非替尼(IRESSA,AstraZeneca)、AG1478、AG1571(SU 5271;Sugen)、烷基化剂,例如硫替派和CYTOXAN环磷酰胺;烷基磺酸盐,例如白消安、英丙舒凡(Improsulfan)和保释芬;氮丙啶例如苯佐替派、卡波醌、美妥替派和乌瑞替派;氮丙啶和甲基蜜胺包括六甲蜜胺、曲他胺、三亚乙基磷酰胺、三乙撑硫代磷酰胺和三甲基蜜胺;多聚乙酰(尤其是布拉他辛(bullatacin)和布拉它辛酮(bullatacinone));喜树碱(包括合成类似物托泊替康);苔藓抑素;callystatin;CC-1065(包括其阿多来新,卡折来新和比折来新合成类似物);自念珠藻环肽(尤其是自念珠藻环肽1和自念珠藻环肽8);多拉司他汀(dolastatin);duocarmycin(包括其合成类似物,KW-2189和CB 1-TM1);艾榴塞洛素;水鬼蕉碱(pancratistatin);sarcodictyin;spongistatin;氮芥例如苯丁酸氮芥,萘氮芥,氯磷酰胺,雌莫司汀,异环磷酰胺,二氯甲二乙胺,盐酸二氯甲二乙胺氧化物,苯丙氨酸氮芥,新氮芥,胆甾醇苯乙酸氮芥,松龙苯芥,氯乙环磷酰胺,尿嘧啶氮芥;亚硝基脲例如卡莫司汀,吡葡亚硝脲,福莫司汀,环己亚硝脲,嘧啶亚硝脲,和雷莫司汀;抗生素例如烯二炔抗生素(例如,刺孢霉素,尤其是刺孢霉素gammalI和刺孢霉素omegaI1(Angew Chem.Intl.Ed.Engl.(1994)33:183-186);蒽环类抗生素,包括蒽环类抗生素A;双磷酸盐类,例如氯膦酸盐;埃斯培拉霉素(esperamicin);以及新制癌菌素发色团和相关色蛋白烯二炔抗生素发色团),阿克拉霉素,放线菌素,authramycin,偶氮丝氨酸,博来霉素,放线菌素C,去甲柔红霉素,洋红霉素,嗜癌霉素,色霉素(chromomycinis),放线菌素,柔红霉素,地托比星,6-重氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸,ADRIAMYCIN(多柔比星),吗啉基-多柔比星,氰基吗啉代-多柔比星,2-吡咯啉基-多柔比星和去氧多柔比星),表柔比星,依索比星,伊达比星,麻西罗霉素,丝裂霉素例如丝裂霉素C,霉酚酸,诺加霉素,橄榄霉素,硫酸培洛霉素,波福霉素,嘌呤霉素,三铁阿霉素,罗多比星,链黑菌素,链脲霉素,杀结核菌素,乌苯美司,新制癌菌素,佐柔比星;抗代谢产物例如氨甲喋呤和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物例如二甲叶酸,氨甲喋呤,蝶罗呤,三甲曲沙;嘌呤类似物例如氟达拉滨,6-巯基嘌呤,硫咪嘌呤,硫鸟嘌呤;嘧啶类似物例如安西他滨,阿扎胞苷,6-氮尿苷,卡莫氟,阿糖胞苷,二脱氧尿苷,去氧氟尿苷,依诺他滨,氮尿苷;雄激素例如卡普睾酮,屈他雄酮丙酸盐,环硫雄醇,美雄烷,睾内酯;抗肾上腺药例如氨鲁米特,米托坦,曲洛司坦;叶酸补充剂例如亚叶酸;醋葡醛内酯;醛磷酰胺糖苷;氨基乙酰丙酸;恩尿嘧啶;安吖啶;bestrabucil;比生群(bisantrene);依达曲沙;defofamine;秋水仙胺;地吖醌;依氟鸟氨酸(elfornithine);依利醋铵;埃坡霉素;依托格鲁;硝酸镓;羟基脲;蘑菇多糖;lonidainine;美登素类例如美登素和美登木素;丙脒腙;米托蒽醌;莫哌达醇;二胺硝吖啶(nitraerine);喷司他丁;蛋氨氮芥;吡柔比星;洛索蒽醌;鬼臼酸;2-乙基异烟酰肼;普鲁苄肼;PSK多糖复合物(JHS Natural Products,Eugene,OR);丙亚胺;利索新;西佐喃;锗螺胺;细交链孢菌酮酸;三乙撑亚胺苯醌;2,2′,2″-三氯三乙胺;单端孢霉烯族毒素类(尤其是T-2毒素,疣孢菌素(verracurin)A,杆孢菌素A和蛇形菌素);尿烷;去乙酰长春酰胺;达卡巴嗪;甘露醇氮芥;二溴甘露醇;二溴卫矛醇;双溴丙基哌嗪;gacytosine;阿拉伯糖苷(“Ara-C”);环磷酰胺;硫替派;紫杉类药物,例如,TAXOL(太平洋紫杉醇;Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology,Princeton,N.J.)、ABRAXANETM(不含Cremophor)、太平洋紫杉醇的白蛋白-工程化的纳米颗粒制剂(AmericanPharmaceutical Partners,Schaumberg,Illinois),和TAXOTERE(多西他赛(doxetaxel);Rorer,Antony,France);氯氨布西;GEMZAR(吉西他滨);6-硫代鸟嘌呤;巯基嘌呤;氨甲喋呤;铂类似物例如顺铂和卡铂;长春花碱;依托泊苷(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;米托蒽醌;长春花新碱;NAVELBINE(长春瑞宾);诺安托;表鬼臼毒噻吩糖苷;依达曲沙;柔毛霉素;氨基蝶呤;卡培他滨(XELODA);依班膦酸盐;CPT 11;局部异构酶抑制剂RFS2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸DMFO);类视黄醇例如视黄酸;和上述任一项的可药用盐、酸和衍生物。
也包括在“化学治疗剂”的定义中的是:(i)起调节或抑制激素对肿瘤的作用的抗激素试剂例如抗雌激素剂和选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERMs),包括,例如,它莫西芬(包括NOLVADEX;柠檬酸它莫西芬)、雷诺昔酚、屈洛昔芬、4-羟基它莫西芬、曲沃昔芬、雷洛西芬(keoxifene)、LY117018、奥那司酮,和FARESTON(柠檬酸托瑞米芬);(ii)抑制芳香酶的芳香酶抑制剂,其调节肾上腺中雌激素的产生,例如,4(5)-咪唑、氨鲁米特、MEGASE(甲地孕酮)、AROMASIN(依西美坦;辉瑞)、福美坦、法倔唑、RIVISOR(伏氯唑)、FEMARA(来曲唑;Novartis)和ARIMIDEX(阿那曲唑;AstraZeneca);(iii)抗雄激素,例如氟他胺、尼鲁米特、比卡鲁胺、亮丙瑞林和戈舍瑞林;以及曲沙他滨(1,3-二氧戊烷核苷胞嘧啶类似物);(iv)蛋白激酶抑制剂;(v)脂质激酶抑制剂;(vi)反义寡核苷酸,尤其是抑制和异常细胞增殖有关的信号路径中的基因表达的那些,例如,PKC-α、Ralf和H-Ras;(vii)核糖酶,例如VEGF表达抑制剂(例如ANGIOZYME)和HER2表达抑制剂;(viii)疫苗,例如基因治疗疫苗,例如,ALLOVECTIN、LEUVECTIN和VAXID;PROLEUKINrIL-2;局部异构酶1抑制剂例如LURTOTECANABARELIXrmRH;(ix)抗生成血管试剂,例如阿瓦斯丁(AVASTINGenentech);和(x)上述任一项的可药用盐、酸和衍生物。
还包括在“化学治疗剂”的定义中的是治疗抗体,例如阿仑单抗(Campath),阿瓦斯丁(AVASTIN,Genentech);西妥昔单抗(ERBITUXImclone);帕尼单抗(panitumumab)(VECTIBIX,Amgen)、美罗华(RITUXAN,Genentech/Biogen Idec)、帕妥珠单抗(Pertuzumab)(OMNITARG,2C4,Genentech)、曲妥单抗(HERCEPTIN,Genentech)、托西莫单抗(Bexxar,Corixia)和抗体药物共轭物,吉妥珠单抗奥唑米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)(MYLOTARG,Wyeth)。
在与本发明的PI3K抑制剂的组合中,具有作为化学治疗剂的治疗潜力的人源化单克隆抗体包括:阿仑单抗、阿泊珠单抗(apolizumab)、阿塞珠单抗(aselizumab)、atlizumab、bapineuzumab、贝伐单抗、比伐单抗mertansine、cantuzumab mertansine、西利珠单抗、塞妥珠单抗(certolizumab pegol)、cidfusituzumab、cidtuzumab、达(克)珠单抗、依库珠单抗(eculizumab)、依法利珠(efalizumab)、依帕珠单抗、厄利珠单抗(erlizumab)、非维珠单抗、芳妥珠单抗(fontolizumab)、吉妥珠单抗奥佐米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)、inotuzumab奥佐米星、ipilimumab、拉贝珠单抗(labetuzumab)、林妥珠单抗、马妥珠单抗(matuzumab)、美泊珠单抗、motavizumab、motovizumab、那他珠单抗(natalizumab)、尼妥珠单抗(nimotuzumab)、nolovizumab、numavizumab、ocrelizumab、奥马珠单抗、帕利珠单抗、帕考珠单抗(pascolizumab)、pecfusituzumab、pectuzumab、帕妥珠单抗(Pertuzumab)、pexelizumab、ralivizumab、ranibizumab、reslivizumab、瑞利珠单抗(reslizumab)、resyvizumab、罗维珠单抗(rovelizumab)、卢利珠单抗(ruplizumab)、西罗珠单抗、希普利珠单抗(siplizumab)、索土珠单抗(sontuzumab)、tacatuzumab tetraxetan、tadocizumab、他利珠单抗(talizumab)、tefiazumab、托珠单抗(tocilizumab)、托利珠单抗(toralizumab)、曲妥珠单抗、tucotuzumab西莫白介素、tucusituzumab、umavizumab、乌珠单抗(urtoxazumab),和维西珠单抗(visilizumab)。
给药途径
本发明的化合物可以通过任何适合于所治疗病症的途径给药。合适的途径包括口服、肠胃外(包括皮下、肌注、静脉内、动脉注射、真皮内、鞘内和硬膜外)、透皮、直肠、经鼻、局部(包括面颊和舌下)、阴道、腹腔内、肺内和鼻内给药。应当理解,优选途径可以随例如受试者的病症而变化。如果化合物是口服给药的,可以将其与可药用载体或赋形剂配制为丸剂、胶囊、片剂等。如果化合物是胃肠外给药的,可以将其与可药用肠胃外载体一起配制,并且以下面详述的单位剂量可注射形式。
药物制剂
为了使用本发明化合物治疗(包括预防性治疗)哺乳动物(包括人),通常按照标准药学实践将其配制为药物组合物。按照本发明的该方面,提供了包含本发明化合物的药物组合物。在某些实施方案中,药物组合物包含式I化合物以及可药用稀释剂或载体。
本发明的药物组合物以一定方式进行配制、剂量化和给药,即数量、浓度、进度、历程、载体和给药途径均符合良好的医疗实践。在本文中考虑的因素包括所治疗的具体病症、所治疗的具体哺乳动物、个体患者的临床病症、病症的病因、药剂的递送位点、给药方法、给药的日程表,和医学专业人员已知的其它因素。所给药的化合物的治疗有效量取决于这种考虑,并且是预防、改善或治疗病症需要的最低量。本发明的化合物通常配制为药物剂型,以提供容易控制的药物剂量,并且能够使患者适应预定方案。
优选地,本文使用的组合物是无菌的。尤其是,用于体内给药的制剂必须是无菌的。这种杀菌很容易实现,例如,通过无菌过滤膜进行过滤。化合物通常可以以固体组合物、冷冻干燥制剂或水溶液的形式储藏。
可以制备本发明化合物的药物制剂,用于各种给药途径和类型。例如,具有所需纯度的本发明化合物可以任选与可药用稀释剂、载体、赋形剂或稳定剂混合(Remington′s Pharmaceutical ScienceS(1980)第16版,Osol,A.Ed),以冷冻干燥制剂、碾碎粉末或水溶液形式。可以通过在环境温度,在合适的pH值下,和在所需纯度下,与生理学可接受的载体(即在使用剂量和浓度下对于受试者是无毒的)一起混合进行配制。制剂的pH值主要取决于化合物的具体用途和浓度,但可以在大约3至大约8的范围。在pH值5的乙盐酸缓冲液中进行配制是合适的实施方案。可以使用常规溶解和混合方法来制备制剂。例如,在一种或多种赋形剂的存在下,将本体药物物质(即本发明的化合物或化合物的稳定化形式(例如,与环糊精衍生物或其它已知的络合试剂的复合物))溶于合适溶剂中。
所使用的具体载体、稀释剂或赋形剂取决于本发明化合物的应用方法和目的。溶剂的选择一般基于本领域技术人员认为可安全(GRAS)给药至哺乳动物的溶剂。通常,安全溶剂是无毒的含水溶剂,例如水,以及其它可在水中溶解或互溶的无毒溶剂。合适的含水溶剂包括水、乙醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇(例如PEG 400,PEG 300)等,和其混合物。可接受的稀释剂、载体、赋形剂和稳定剂在使用剂量和浓度下对于受试者是无毒性的,并且包括缓冲液,例如磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐及其它有机酸;抗氧化剂,包括抗环血酸和甲硫氨酸;防腐剂(例如十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵;氯化六烃季铵;苯扎氯铵,苄索氯铵;酚,丁基或苯甲醇;对羟基苯甲酸烷基酯例如对羟基苯甲酸甲基酯或对羟苯甲酸丙酯;儿茶酚;间苯二酚;环己醇;3-戊醇;和间甲酚);低分子量(小于大约10个残基)多肽;蛋白,例如血清清蛋白,凝胶,或免疫球蛋白;亲水性聚合物例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;氨基酸例如甘氨酸,谷酰胺,天冬酰胺酸,组氨酸,精氨酸,或赖氨酸;单糖、二糖及其它碳水化合物,包括葡糖,甘露糖,或糊精;螯合剂例如EDTA;糖例如蔗糖,甘露糖醇,海藻糖或山梨糖醇;形成盐的反离子,例如钠;金属配合物(例如,Zn-蛋白配合物);和/或非离子型表面活性剂例如TWEENTM,PLURONICSTM或聚乙二醇(PEG)。制剂还可以包含一种或多种稳定剂,表面活性剂,湿润剂,润滑剂,乳剂,悬浮剂,防腐剂,抗氧化剂,遮光剂,助流剂,加工助剂,色素,甜味剂,香料,调味剂及其它已知的添加剂,以提供具有精美外观的药物(即本发明的化合物或其药物组合物)或帮助制备药学产品(即药物)。活性药学组分还可以收集在微胶囊中,微胶囊是例如利用凝聚技术或利用界面聚合来制备的,例如羟甲基纤维素或凝胶-微胶囊和聚(甲基丙烯酸甲基酯)微胶囊,分别在胶体的给药体系(例如脂质体、白蛋白微球体、微乳状液、纳米颗粒和毫微囊剂)或在乳状液中。这种技术是公开在Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences第16版,Osol,A.Ed.(1980)。“脂质体”是由各种型式脂质、磷脂和/或表面活性剂组成的小囊泡,其可给哺乳动物有效递送药物(例如式I的化合物和任选其它的治疗剂)。脂质体的组分通常以双层形式配置,与生物膜的脂质结构相似。
可以制备本发明化合物的缓释制剂。缓释制剂的合适例子包括含有式I化合物的固体疏水性聚合物的半渗透性基质,该基质是成形物品形式,例如膜或微胶囊。缓释基质的实例包括聚酯、水凝胶(例如聚(2-羟基乙基-甲基丙烯酸酯)或聚(乙烯醇))、聚交酯(美国专利3,773,919)、L-谷氨酸和γ-乙基-L-谷氨酸酯的共聚物、不可降解的亚乙基-乙烯基乙酸酯、可降解的乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物例如LUPRON DEPOT((由乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物和亮丙瑞林乙酸盐组成的可注射的微球体)和聚D-(-)-3-羟丁酸。
本发明化合物的药物组合物可以是无菌注射制剂形式,例如无菌可注射的含水或含油悬浮液。可以按照本领域已知的方法配制这种悬浮液,使用上述那些合适的分散或湿润剂和悬浮剂。无菌注射制剂还可以是在无毒胃肠外可接受稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌注射溶液或悬浮液,例如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液,或制备成冷冻干燥粉末形式。在可接受的载体和溶剂之中,可以使用的是水、林格溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。此外,可以传统地使用无菌的不挥发油作为溶剂或悬浮介质。对于这种目的,可以使用任何柔和的不挥发油,包括合成的单或二甘油脂。此外,也可以在注射制剂中使用脂肪酸例如油酸。
适于肠胃外给药的制剂包括含水和无水无菌注射液,其可以含有抗氧化剂、缓冲液、抑菌剂和溶质,使制剂与预定受试者的血液等渗;和可以包含悬浮剂和增稠剂的含水和非水无菌的悬浮液。
本发明的组合物还可以是适于口服使用的形式(例如片剂、锭剂、硬或软胶囊、水性或油性悬浮液、乳液、可分散性粉剂或颗粒、浆液或酏剂),局部使用形式(例如乳膏、油膏、凝胶剂或水性或油性溶液或悬浮液),吸入给药形式(例如细分散的粉末或液体气雾剂),吹入给药形式(例如细分散的粉末)。
片剂制剂的合适的可药用赋形剂包括例如惰性稀释剂,例如乳糖、碳酸钠、磷酸钙或碳酸钙,造粒剂和崩解剂例如玉米淀粉或海藻酸;粘结剂例如淀粉;润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸或滑石粉;防腐剂例如对羟基苯甲酸乙基酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯,和抗氧化剂,例如抗环血酸。片剂制剂可以是无涂层的或涂层的,以改良它们的崩解作用和活性组分在胃肠道内的随后吸收,或改善它们的稳定性和/或外观,在两种情况下都使用本领域熟知的常规包衣剂和方法。
口服使用的组合物可以是硬胶囊形式,在硬胶囊中,活性组分与惰性固体稀释剂例如碳酸钙、磷酸钙或高岭土混合,或软胶囊形式,在其中,活性组分与水或油例如花生油、液体石蜡或橄榄油混合。
水性悬浮液一般含有细粉状形式的活性组分以及一种或多种悬浮剂,例如羧甲基纤维素钠,甲基纤维素,羟丙基甲基纤维素,海藻酸钠,聚乙烯-吡咯烷酮,黄蓍胶和阿拉伯胶;分散剂或湿润剂,例如卵磷脂或氧化烯烃与脂肪酸的缩合产物(例如硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯),或氧化乙烯与长链脂族醇的缩合产物,例如十七烷环氧丙烷鲸蜡醇,或氧化乙烯与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇的偏酯的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇一油酸酯,或氧化乙烯与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酸酐的偏酯的缩合产物,例如聚乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯。水性悬浮液还可以含有一种或多种防腐剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸乙基酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯),抗氧化剂(例如抗环血酸),着色剂,调味剂,和/或甜味剂(例如蔗糖、糖精或阿斯巴甜)。
通过将活性组分悬浮在植物油(例如花生油、橄榄油、芝麻油或椰子油)或矿物油(例如液体石蜡)中,可以配制油性悬浮液。油性悬浮液还可以含有增稠剂,例如蜂蜡、硬石蜡或鲸蜡醇。可以加入甜味剂例如上面列出的那些和调味剂,以提供适口的口服制剂。通过加入抗氧化剂例如抗环血酸,可以保存这些组合物。
适于制备水悬浮液的可分散性粉剂和颗粒(通过加入水)一般含有活性组分以及分散剂或润湿剂、悬浮剂和一种或多种防腐剂。通过上述那些可以举例说明合适的分散剂或湿润剂和悬浮剂。还可以存在其它的赋形剂,例如甜味剂、调味剂和着色剂。
本发明的药物组合物还可以是水包油乳剂形式。油相可以是植物油,例如橄榄油或花生油,或矿物油,例如液体石蜡或这些的混合物。合适的乳剂可以是例如天然存在的树胶,例如阿拉伯胶或黄蓍胶,天然存在的磷脂,例如大豆,卵磷脂,衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酸酐的酯或偏酯(例如山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯)和所述偏酯与氧化乙烯的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯。乳液还可以含有甜味剂、调味剂和防腐剂。
浆液和酏剂可以与甜味剂例如丙三醇、丙二醇、山梨糖醇、阿斯巴甜或蔗糖一起配制,并且还可以含有缓和剂、防腐剂、调味剂和/或着色剂。
栓剂可以通过将活性组分与合适的无刺激性赋形剂(其在常温下是固体,但在直肠温度下是液体,因此在直肠中溶解,以释放药物)混合来制备。合适的赋形剂包括例如可可脂和聚乙二醇。适于阴道给药的制剂可以以阴道栓、塞、乳膏、凝胶剂、软膏、泡沫胶或喷雾剂的形式提供,除了含有活性组分之外,还含有本领域已知的合适载体。
局部制剂例如乳膏、油膏、凝胶剂和水性或油性溶液或悬浮液,一般可以使用本领域熟知的常规方法,通过将活性组分与常规的局部可接受的载体或稀释剂一起配制来获得。
透皮给药的组合物可以是本领域普通技术人员熟知的那些透皮皮肤贴剂的形式。
适于肺内或经鼻给药的制剂具有例如0.1至500微米范围内的粒径(包括介于0.1和500微米范围中间的粒径,增量微米为例如0.5、1、30微米、35微米等),通过使其快速吸入鼻腔来给药,或通过吸入口腔来给药,以便达到肺泡囊中。合适的制剂包括活性组分的水性或油性溶液。适于气雾剂或干粉给药的制剂可以按照常规方法制备,并且可以与其它治疗剂例如迄今用于治疗或预防如下所述病症的化合物一起递送。
本申请的药物组合物(或制剂)可以以各种方式包装,这取决于给药药物所使用的方法。例如,用于分配的物品可以包括容器,在其中,药物制剂以合适的形式放置。合适的容器对于本领域技术人员是熟知的,并且包括材料例如瓶(塑料和玻璃)、小袋、安瓿、塑料袋、金属筒等。容器还可以包括防干扰体系,以防止不慎重使用包装的内含物。此外,容器具有设置在其上的标签,标签描述容器的内含物。标签还可以包括合适的警告。制剂还可以包装在单剂量或多剂量容器中,例如密封的安瓿和小瓶,并且可以保存在冷冻干燥(冻干)条件下,在使用之前,只需要加入无菌的液体载体,例如水,用于立刻注射。临时的注射液和悬浮液是用先前描述的种类的无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂制备的。优选的单位剂量制剂是含有本文上面列举的活性组分的日剂量或单位日亚剂量、或其合适部分的那些制剂。
本发明还提供了兽用组合物,其包含至少一种如上所定义的活性组分以及兽用载体。兽用载体是可用于给药组合物目的的材料,并且可以是固体、液体或气态物质,其是惰性的或在兽医领域是可接受的,并且与活性组分相容。这些兽用组合物可以胃肠外、口服给药,或通过任何其它所需途径给药。
与一种或多种赋形剂组合来制备单一剂型的本发明化合物的量必定是变化的,这取决于治疗的患者、病症或症状的严重程度、给药速率、化合物的配置和处方医师的判断。在一个实施方案中,向需要的哺乳动物给药合适数量的本发明化合物。在一个实施方案中,给药数量在每天大约0.001mg/kg体重至大约60mg/kg体重之间。在另一个实施方案中,给药数量在每天0.5mg/kg体重至大约40mg/kg体重之间。在有些情况下,低于上述范围下限的剂量水平可以可能是更合适的,而在其它情况下,可能使用大剂量,不会引起任何不良副作用,条件是,首先将这种大剂量分成几个小剂量,用于全天给药。对于给药途径和剂量方式的更加详尽的资料,参见Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry (Corwin Hansch;Chairman of EditorialBoard),第5卷,第25.3章,Pergamon Press 1990,将其具体引入作为参考。
制品
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,提供了含有可用于治疗如上所述病症的物质的制品或“试剂盒”。在一个实施方案中,试剂盒包含容器,该容器包含本发明的化合物。合适的容器包括例如瓶、小瓶、注射器、泡罩包装等。容器可以由各种材料例如玻璃或塑料形成。容器可以容纳有效治疗病症的量的本发明化合物或其制剂,并且可以具有无菌的入口(例如,容器可以是静脉内溶液袋或具有塞子的小瓶,可以用皮下注射针刺穿)。
试剂盒可以在容器上或与容器相关地进一步包括标签或包装说明书。术语“包装说明书”指的是通常包括在治疗产品的商业包装中的说明,其包括这种治疗产品的有关指标、用途、剂量、给药、禁忌症和/或涉及使用的警告的介绍。在一个实施方案中,标签或包装说明书注明包含本发明化合物的组合物可用于治疗例如AKT激酶介导的病症。标签或包装说明书还可以注明组合物可用于治疗其它病症。
在某些实施方案中,试剂盒适合于递送固体口服形式的本发明化合物,例如片剂或胶囊。优选,这种试剂盒包含许多单位剂量。这种试剂盒可以包含卡片,其上面表明了与它们所需的用途有关的剂量。这种试剂盒的实例是“泡罩包装”。起泡填充物在包装工业中为大家所熟知,并且广泛地用于包装药物单位剂型。如果需要的话,可以提供记忆辅助工具,例如,以数目、字母或其它标志形式,或用日程表,在可以给药剂量的治疗日程中标明天数。
按照另一个实施方案,试剂盒可以包括(a)第一容器,具有含有在其中的本发明的化合物;和(b)第二容器,具有含有在其中的第二药物制剂,其中第二种药物制剂包括可用于治疗AKT激酶介导病症的第二化合物。或者,试剂盒可以进一步包含第三容器,其包含可药用的缓冲液例如抑菌注射用水(BWFI)、磷酸缓冲盐水、林格溶液和葡萄糖溶液。其可以进一步包含其它合乎需要的材料(从商品和使用者观点来说),包含其它缓冲液、稀释剂、过滤器、针和注射器。
试剂盒可以进一步包含给药本发明化合物和第二药物制剂(如果存在的话)的指示。例如,如果试剂盒包含第一组合物(包含本发明化合物和第二药物制剂),试剂盒可以进一步包含同时、顺序或单独给药需要的患者第一和第二药物组合物的指示。
在其中试剂盒包含本发明的组合物和第二治疗剂的某些其它实施方案中,试剂盒可以包含容器,其用于容纳单独的组合物,例如分开的瓶或分开的薄箔包装,然而,单独的组合物还可以包含在单个未分开的容器之内。在某些实施方案中,试剂盒包含给药单独组分的用法说明书。当优选以不同剂型(例如口服和肠胃外)给药的分开的组分时,是以不同的剂量间隔给药的,或当处方医师想要确定联用药的单一组分的剂量时,试剂盒形式是特别有利的。
相应地,本发明的其它方面提供了用于治疗Akt激酶介导的病症或疾病的试剂盒,其中所述试剂盒包含:a)第一药物组合物,其包含本发明的化合物或其可药用盐;和b)使用说明书。
在某些实施方案中,试剂盒还包含:(c)第二药物组合物,其中第二药物组合物包含适于治疗Akt激酶介导的病症或疾病的第二化合物。在包含第二药物组合物的某些实施方案中,试剂盒进一步包含说明书,用于说明同时、顺序或单独给药需要的患者所述第一和第二药物组合物。在某些实施方案中,所述第一和第二药物组合物包含在单独的容器中。在其它实施方案中,所述第一和第二药物组合物包含在相同容器中。
尽管式I化合物作为哺乳动物的治疗剂基本上是有价值的,但它们还可用于(根据需要)控制AKT蛋白激酶、酪氨酸激酶、其它丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶和/或双重特异性激酶。因此,它们可用作药理学标准样品,用于开发新的生物试验和寻找新的药理学试剂。
本发明化合物可在体外、体内或在细胞系中测试对于AKT蛋白激酶、酪氨酸激酶、其它丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶和/或双重特异性激酶的活性。体外测试包括测定抑制激酶活性的测试。交替性体外测试可定量抑制剂与激酶结合的能力,并且可以通过在结合之前放射性标记抑制剂、分离抑制剂/激酶复合物以及测定放射性同位素结合的量来测量,或通过运行竞争性实验(其中用已知的放射性配体培养新的抑制剂)来测量。这些以及其它用于体外和细胞培养的测试对于本领域技术人员是众所周知的。
尽管已经在某种程度上详细地描述和说明了本发明,但应当理解,仅仅通过举例完成了本公开,在不背离下文所要求的本发明的精神和范围的条件下,本领域技术人员可以借助于各个部分的组合和排列进行许多变化。
生物学实施例
AKT-1激酶测试
本发明所述化合物的活性可以通过下列激酶测试测定,该测试通过全长人重组体活性AKT-1(使用可商购IMAP试剂盒进行荧光偏振),测定荧光标记的肽的磷酸化。
测试材料得自于IMAP AKT Assay Bulk Kit(严品#R8059),MolecularDevices,Sunnyvale,CA。试剂盒材料包括IMAP反应缓冲液(5x)。稀释的1x IMAP反应缓冲液包含10mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.2)、10mM MgCl2、0.1%BSA、0.05%NaN3。通常在使用之前即刻将DTT加至1mM的最终浓度。还包含IMAP结合缓冲液(5x)和IMAP结合试剂。将IMAP结合试剂按照1∶400稀释到1x IMAP结合缓冲液中,由此制备结合溶液。
荧光素标记的AKT底物(Crosstide)具有序列(Fl)-GRPRTSSFAEG。在1xIMAP反应缓冲液中配制20μM的储备溶液。
使用的板包括Costar 3657(382孔,由聚丙烯制成,具有白色V形底),用于化合物稀释和制备化合物-ATP混合物。该测试板为PackardProxyPlateTM-384F。
使用的AKT-1由使用PDK1和MAP激酶2活化的全长人重组体AKT-1制得。
为了进行测试,在DMSO中制备10mM的化合物储备溶液。将储备溶液和对照化合物连续稀释(1∶2,9次)到DMSO(10μL化合物+10μL DMSO)中,得到超过所需剂量范围的50x稀释液系列。接下来,将2.1-μL等份化合物(在DMSO中)转移至Costar 3657板中,该板包含50μL的10.4μM ATP(在含有1mM DTT的1x IMAP反应缓冲液中)。彻底混合之后,将2.5-μL等分样品转移至ProxyPlateTM-384F板中。
测试通过加入2.5-μL等份溶液(含有200nM荧光标记的肽底物和4nMAKT-1)来引发。将板在1000g下离心1分钟,并在环境温度下培养60分钟。然后,通过加入15μL结合溶液来猝灭反应,再次离心,在环境温度下再培养30分钟,然后在装配的Victor 1420Multilabel HTS Counter上读数,测量荧光偏振。
在上述测试中,对实施例1-29的化合物进行测试,发现具有小于10μM的IC50值。
制备实施例
为了示例性地说明本发明,包括下列实施例。然而,应当理解,这些实施例不是限制本发明的,而仅仅提出实现本发明的方法。本领域技术人员会认识到,可以容易地修改所描述的化学反应,以制备本发明的许多其它化合物,并且认为制备本发明化合物的其它方法也包括在本发明范围之内。例如,利用对本领域技术人员显而易见的改进,可以成功地进行未举例说明的按照本发明化合物的合成,例如,通过恰当地保护干扰基团,通过使用本领域已知的其它合适试剂(不是所描述的那些试剂),和/或通过进行反应条件的常规改进。或者,认为本文公开的或本领域已知的其它反应用于制备本发明的其它化合物具有可应用性。
在如下所述实施例中,除非另有陈述,所有的温度以摄氏温度列出。试剂是从商品供应商例如Aldrich Chemical Company,Lancaster,TCI或Maybridge购买的,并且不用进一步纯化就可以使用,除非另有陈述。四氢呋喃(THF)、二氯甲烷(DCM)、甲苯和二噁烷是从Aldrich购买的,在可靠的密封瓶中,并且可以原样使用。
下面列出的反应一般在氮气或氩气的正压下进行,或用干燥管(除非另有说明),在无水溶剂中,反应烧瓶典型地配备橡胶隔塞,用于通过注射器引入底物和试剂。玻璃器皿是烘干的和/或加热干燥的。
1H NMR波谱是在Varian仪器(在400MHz下操作)上记录的。1H-NMR波谱是以CDCl3、CD3OD、D2O或d6-DMSO溶液获得的(以ppm记录),使用四甲基硅烷(0.00ppm)或残余溶剂(CDCl3:7.25ppm;CD3OD:3.31ppm;D2O:4.79ppm;d6-DMSO:2.50ppm)作为参考标准。当报道峰值多重性时,使用下列缩写:s(单峰),d(双峰),t(三重峰),m(多重峰),br(宽峰),dd(双二重峰),dt(双三重峰)。偶合常数(当给出时)是以赫兹(Hz)报道。
实施例1
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮二盐酸盐
步骤1:将60%NaH(11.6g,291.4mmol)于无水乙醚(200mL)中的悬浮液搅拌10分钟,然后经15分钟滴加甘醇酸甲酯(25.0g,277.0mmol)于乙醚(50mL)中的溶液。将该悬浮液用DMSO(200mL)稀释,冷却至0℃。经30分钟滴加巴豆酸甲酯(methyl crotanate)(33.3g,333.0mmol)于100mL DMSO中的溶液,搅拌并升温至室温过夜。通过将反应混合物缓慢倾到至水(200mL)中来终止反应,通过加入1N HCl将酸度调节至pH 2-3。将得到的混合物用乙醚(3x500mL)萃取,合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,浓缩。将粗品残余物通过柱层析(4∶1己烷∶EtOAc)纯化,得到2-甲基-4-氧代四氢呋喃-3-羧酸甲酯(32.3g,73%),为澄清液体。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ4.54(dddd,J=8.4,6.0,6.0,6.0Hz,1H),4.19(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),3.98(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.11(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),1.49(d,J=6.0Hz,3H)。
步骤2:在Dean-Stark条件下,将2-甲基-4-氧代四氢呋喃-3-羧酸甲酯(8.3g,52.8mmol)、甲脒(7.0g,68.6mmol)和甲苯(200mL)的混合物加热至回流过夜。将混合物冷却至室温,用水稀释,通过加入饱和Na2CO3进行中和。分离有机层,水层用EtOAc(5x200mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥,并浓缩。残余物用柱层析(100%EtOAc至5%MeOH∶EtOAc)纯化,得到5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-醇,为棕色固体。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400δ12.58(s,1H),8.18(s,1H),5.18(bs,1H),4.82(d,J=14.4Hz,1H),4.72(d,J=14.4Hz,1H),1.37(d,J=6.8Hz,3H)。
步骤3:通过注射器向5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-醇(1.2g,7.9mmol)于乙腈(50mL)中的悬浮液中加入POCl3(3.6g,23.7mmol),并将混合物加热回流3小时。将混合物冷却至室温,然后浓缩。残余物用EtOAc稀释,通过倾倒至饱和NaHCO3中进行终止。分离有机层,水层用EtOAc(3x100mL)萃取。将合并的有机层干燥(MgSO4),浓缩,得到4-氯-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶(1.3g,96%),为浅棕色油状物,其不用进一步纯化就可以在下一步使用。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.89(s,1H),5.46(q,J=6.4Hz,1H),5.15(dd,J=14.4,2.8Hz,1H),5.02(dd,J=14.4,2.8Hz,1H),1.62(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。
步骤4:将4-氯-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶(0.97g,5.7mmol)、N-Boc哌嗪(1.3g,6.8mmol)、TEA(1.6mL,11.4mmol)和NMP(3mL)的混合物加热至90℃,持续4小时。将反应冷却至室温,用水和EtOAc稀释。分离有机层,水层用EtOAc(3x20mL)萃取。合并的有机物用MgSO4干燥,浓缩。残余物通过柱层析(EtOAc)纯化,得到4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-羧酸叔丁基酯(1.5g,83%),为灰白色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.54(s.1H),5.57-5.52(m,1H),4.93(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),3.67-3.45(m,8H),1.48(s,9H),1.41(d,J=6.0Hz,3H)。LCMS(APCI+)m/z321[M+H+]。
步骤5:向4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-羧酸叔丁基酯(0.28g,0.87mmol)于DCM(15mL)中的溶液中加入4N HCl的二噁烷溶液(5mL)。将该混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后浓缩,得到5-甲基-4-(哌嗪-1-基)-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶二盐酸盐,为灰白色固体。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.62(bs,2H),8.72(s,1H),5.72-5.71(m,1H),5.55-5.00(bs,1H),4.99-4.89(m,2H),4.05-4.00(m,2H),3.81-3.75(m,2H),3.19-3.18(m,4H),1.32(d,J=8.4Hz,3H)。LCMS(APCI+)m/z 221[M+H+]。
步骤6:向D-Boc-4-氯苯基苯胺(0.033g,0.110mmol),5-甲基-4-(哌嗪-1-基)-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶二盐酸盐(0.029mg,0.100mmol)和三乙胺(0.033mL,0.220mmol)于DCM(5mL)中的溶液中加入HATU(0.042g,0.110mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将混合物在水和DCM之间分配,分离有机层。水相用DCM(2x10mL)萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,浓缩。残余物通过柱层析(EtOAc)纯化,得到偶合的中间体,为澄清油状物。将该物质再溶解在DCM(5mL)中,向其中加入4N HCl的二噁烷溶液(1mL)。将该混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后浓缩,得到(2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮二盐酸盐,为灰白色固体(0.030mg,60%)。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz)δ8.70(s,1H),7.41(dd,J=8.4,3.6Hz,2H),7.31(dd,J=8.4,3.6Hz,2H),5.75(bs,1H),5.12-50.2(m,2H),4.70(dd,J=7.2,7.2Hz,1H),4.01-3.15(m,11H),1.42(dd,J=6.4,6.4Hz,3H)。LCMS(APCI+)m/z 402[M+H+]。
实施例2
4-氨基-2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)戊-1-酮二盐酸盐
步骤1:在室温下,将2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)丙烯酸甲酯(1.00g,4.66mmol)和2-硝基丙烷(502uL,5.59mmol)溶于MeCN(16mL)中,并用DBU(835uL,5.59mmol)处理。将该混合物搅拌过周末至完成反应。将混合物倾倒至1MHCl溶液中,并用乙酸乙酯(2X)萃取。将合并的有机部分用水(1X)洗涤,然后用盐水洗涤,分离,用MgSO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩,得到2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基-4-硝基戊酸甲酯(1.51g)。
步骤2:在40℃,将2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基-4-硝基戊酸甲酯(1.51g,4.97umol)和Zn粉(6.50g,99.4mmol)溶解/悬浮在乙醇(25mL)中,并用浓HCl(1.37mL,16.4mmol)处理。将混合物加热回流几个小时,至反应完成,并冷却至室温。然后将混合物使用更多的乙醇通过硅藻土塞过滤。真空浓缩滤液,然后倾倒至半饱和的NaHCO3溶液中。将含水部分用乙酸乙酯萃取若干次,将有机物合并。将有机部分用水(1X)、然后盐水洗涤,分离,用MgSO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩,得到接近纯的固体产品。将该物质部分地悬浮/溶于最小量的乙酸乙酯中,用己烷稀释。将得到的3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-5,5-二甲基吡咯烷-2-酮通过真空过滤进行分离(826mg,69%)。
步骤3:在氮气中,将3-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-5,5-二甲基吡咯烷-2-酮(826mg,3.42mmol)溶于THF(20mL)中,并冷却至-78℃。通过注射器加入LiHMDS(3.76mL,3.76mmol),并将溶液搅拌30分钟。通过注射器加入Boc2O(942uL,4.10mmol)将混合物终止。经2小时将混合物缓慢地温热至室温。将反应物倾倒至0.5M HCl溶液中,并用乙酸乙酯(2X)萃取。将合并的有机物用水(2X)、然后盐水洗涤,分离,用MgSO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩,得到4-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-2,2-二甲基-5-氧代吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁基酯,为无色油状物。
步骤4:将4-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-2,2-二甲基-5-氧代吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁基酯(1.168g,3.42mmol,理论值)溶于THF、MeOH、水各自4mL中。向搅拌溶液中合计加入LiOH-H2O(574mg,13.7mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌过夜,至反应完成。浓缩反应混合物,并将残余物在乙醚和水之间分配。再次用醚洗涤含水部分(除去两者),然后用3N HCl溶液处理,直到获得大约2至大约3的pH为止。将含水部分用乙醚萃取若干次,将有机物合并。有机部分用盐水洗涤,分离,用MgSO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩,得到4-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基戊酸,为白色固体(1.06g,86%)。
步骤5:向4-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基戊酸(0.038g,0.110mmol),5-甲基-4-(哌嗪-1-基)-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶二盐酸盐(0.029mg,0.100mmol)和三乙胺(0.033mL,0.220mmol)于DCM(5mL)中的溶液中加入HATU(0.042g,0.110mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将混合物在水和DCM之间分配,分离有机层。水相用DCM(2x10mL)萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,浓缩。残余物通过柱层析(EtOAc)纯化,得到偶合的中间体,为澄清油状物。将该物质再溶解在DCM(5mL)中,向其中加入4N HCl的二噁烷溶液(1mL)。将该混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后浓缩,得到4-氨基-2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)戊-1-酮二盐酸盐,为灰白色固体(0.033mg,61%)。1HNMR(CD3OD,400MHz)δ8.67(s,1H),7.52-7.51(m,1H),7.30-7.28(m,1H),7.13-7.08(m,1H),5.76-5.73(m,1H),5.11-5.01(m,2H),4.40-4.38(m,1H),3.93-3.49(m,10H),1.43-1.33(m,9H)。LCMS(APCI+)m/z 462[M+H+]。
实施例3
2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮二盐酸盐
步骤1:将于THF(2.5mL)中的2-(4-氯苯基)丙烯酸甲酯(1.00g,5.09mmol)加入到i-PrNH2(650ul,7.63mmol)于THF(10mL)中的搅拌溶液中。将反应在室温下搅拌过夜,至反应完成,其通过LCMS分析。将溶剂减压除去,得到2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)丙酸甲酯(LCMS(APCI+)[M-Boc+H]+256.1,Rt:1.97分钟),将其在室温下再溶于DCM(15mL)中。通过移液管将Boc2O(1.29mL,5.59mmol)加入到搅拌的胺中,然后加入催化量(1mg)的DMAP。将反应搅拌过夜,至反应完成,其通过LCMS和TLC分析混合物。真空浓缩溶液,得到3-(叔丁氧羰基(异丙基)氨基)-2-(4-氯苯基)丙酸甲酯,为油状残余物(LCMS(APCI+)[M-Boc+H]+256.1,Rt:4.13分钟),将其再溶于THF(12.0mL)和水(4.0mL)中。溶液用LiOH-H2O(1.07g,25.4mmol)处理,搅拌4小时,至反应完成,其通过LCMS分析。溶液用水稀释,并用乙醚(除去)洗涤。用1M HCl溶液处理水溶液,直到获得大约2至大约3的pH值为止,用乙酸乙酯萃取若干次。合并有机物,用盐水洗涤,分离,用MgSO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩,得到3-(叔丁氧羰基(异丙基)氨基)-2-(4-氯苯基)丙酸,为油状物(1.04g,60%)。LCMS(APCI+)[M-Boc+H]+242.0。
步骤2:向3-(叔丁氧羰基(异丙基)氨基)-2-(4-氯苯基)丙酸(0.037g,0.110mmol),5-甲基-4-(哌嗪-1-基)-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶二盐酸盐(0.029mg,0.100mmol)和三乙胺(0.033mL,0.220mmol)于DCM(5mL)中的溶液中加入HATU(0.042g,0.110mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将混合物在水和DCM之间分配,分离有机层。水相用DCM(2x10mL)萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,浓缩。残余物铜通过柱层析(EtOAc)纯化,得到偶合的中间体,为澄清油状物。将该油状物再溶解在DCM(5mL)中,向其中加入4N HCl的二噁烷溶液(1mL),在室温下搅拌反应混合物过夜。浓缩反应混合物,得到2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮二盐酸盐,为灰白色固体(0.030mg,60%)。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz)δ8.66(s,1H),7.47-7.46(m,2H),7.44-7.37(m,2H),5.72(bs,1H),5.10-5.00(m,2H),4.51-4.47(m,1H),3.85-2.81(m,11H),1.42-1.35(m,9H)。LCMS(APCI+)m/z 444.2[M+H+]。
实施例4
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-((3S)-3-甲基-4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮二盐酸盐
步骤1:将4-氯-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶(0.340g,1.99mmol),(S)-3-甲基哌嗪-1-羧酸叔丁基酯(0.439g,2.19mmol)、TEA(0.56mL,4.0mmol)和NMP(3mL)的混合物加热至90℃,持续4小时。将反应冷却至室温,用水和EtOAc稀释。分离有机层,水层用EtOAc(3x20mL)萃取。合并的有机物用MgSO4干燥,浓缩。残余物通过柱层析纯化(EtOAc),得到(3S)-3-甲基-4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-羧酸叔丁基酯(0.590g,89%),为灰白色固体。LCMS(APCI+)m/z 235[M-C5H9O2+H+];Rt=2.71分钟。将该物质溶于DCM(5mL)中,向其中加入过量4N HCl的二噁烷溶液(2mL),将该反应在室温下搅拌过夜。浓缩反应,得到5-甲基-4-((S)-2-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶二盐酸盐(0.540g,93%),为灰白色固体。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz)δ8.82(s,1H),5.83-5.79(m,1H),5.18-5.05(m,1H),4.48-4.36(m,1H),3.87-3.73(m,1H),3.58-3.52(m,1H),3.48-3.43(m,3H),1.51-1.46(m,5H)。LCMS(APCI+)m/z 235[M+H+];Rt=1.13分钟。
步骤2:向D-Boc-4-氯苯基丙氨酸(0.033g,0.110mmol),5-甲基-4-((S)-2-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶二盐酸盐(0.031mg,0.100mmol)和三乙胺(0.033mL,0.220mmol)于DCM(3mL)中的溶液中加入HATU(0.042g,0.110mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将混合物在水和DCM之间分配,分离有机层。水相用DCM(2x10mL)萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,浓缩。残余物通过柱层析(EtOAc)纯化,得到偶合中间体(2R)-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-((3S)-3-甲基-4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)-1-氧代丙-2-基氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(LCMS(APCI+)m/z 516[M+H+];Rt=3.18分钟),为澄清油状物。将该物质溶于DCM(5mL)中,向其中加入过量4N HCl的二噁烷溶液(2mL)。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后蒸发。将残余物溶于最小量的异丙醇中,用乙醚研制,形成白色沉淀,将其过滤,得到(2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-((3S)-3-甲基-4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮二盐酸盐,为灰白色固体(0.025mg,51%)。1H NMR(CD3OD,400MHz)δ8.71(s,1H),7.41-7.26(m,4H),5.73-5.71(m,1H),5.12-5.01(m,2H),4.39-4.32(m,1H),4.10-4.05(m,1H),3.95-3.81(m,1H),3.67-3.48(m,2H),3.23-3.01(m,3H),2.73-2.58(m,1H),1.45-1.26(m,6H),1.15-1.41(d,J=6.0Hz,3H)。LCMS(APCI+)m/z 416[M+H+];Rt=2.18分钟。
使用上述方法,也可以制备下列化合物。
实施例5
(R)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-(4-((R)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
LCMS:402.1[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例6
2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((R)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
1H NMR(CD3OD):8.65(1H,app d,J 1.9Hz),7.47-7.37(4H,m),5.73(1H,app br s),5.05(2H,app q,J 13.1Hz),4.60-4.55(1H,m),4.21-3.16(12H,m),1.43-1.34(9H,m)。LCMS:444.1[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例7
2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-((3S)-3-甲基-4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
LCMS:458.1[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例8
2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
LCMS:478.1[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例9
2-(3,4-二氟苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
1H NMR(CD3OD):8.64(1H,app d,J 2.3Hz),7.37-7.27(2H,m),7.24-7.17(1H,m),5.72(1H,app br s),5.03(2H,app q,J 13.6Hz),4.63-4.56(1H,m),4.19-4.02(1H,m),3.93-3.10(11H,m),1.41-1.33(9H,m)。LCMS:446.2[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例10
2-(4-氟苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
LCMS:428.2[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例11
2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
1H NMR(CD3OD):8.45(1H,app d,J 12Hz),7.53-7.44(1H,m),7.17-7.05(2H,m),5.64-5.58(1H,m),5.04-4.95(2H,m),4.35(1H,br s),4.08-3.00(12H,m),1.33-1.11(9H,m)。LCMS:462.1[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例12
3-(异丙基氨基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
LCMS:440.2[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例13
3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)-2-对甲苯基丙-1-酮
1H NMR(CD3OD):8.44(1H,app d,J 9.8Hz),7.21-7.11(4H,m),5.51-5.63(1H,m),5.03-4.94(2H,m),4.30-4.25(1H,m),4.20-2.80(12H,m),2.21(3H,s),1.26-1.17(9H,m)。LCMS:424.2[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例14
2-(4-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
LCMS:460.2[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例15
(R)-4-氨基-2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)戊-1-酮
LCMS:462[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例16
4-氨基-2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基-1-((3S)-3-甲基-4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)戊-1-酮
LCMS:476.1[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例17
(R)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
1H NMR(CD3OD):8.68(1H,app d,J 3.9Hz),7.38(2H,d,J 8.3Hz),7.31(2H,d,J 7.0Hz),5.78-5.70(1H,m),5.07(2H,app q,J 13.3Hz),4.80-4.71(1H,m),4.10-3.06(12H,m),1.39(3H,d,J 6.1Hz)。LCMS:402.1[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例18
(R)-4-氨基-2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基-1-(4-((R)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)戊-1-酮
LCMS:462.1[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例19
2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
LCMS:444.1[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例20
(R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
LCMS:444.1[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例21
(S)-2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
LCMS:444.2[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例22
(S)-2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((R)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
1H NMR(CD3OD):8.66(1H,s,7.45(2H,d,J 8.3Hz),7.39(2H,d,J8.7Hz),5.76-5.68(1H,m),5.05(2H,app q,J 13.5Hz),4.60-4.54(1H,m),4.11-3.13(12H,m),1.42(3H,d,J 6.0Hz),1.37(6H,d,J 6.6Hz)。LCMS:444.2[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例23
(R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((R)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
LCMS:444.2[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例24
(3-(4-氯苯基)吡咯烷-3-基)(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)甲酮
LCMS:428.2[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例25
(2S)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
1H NMR(CD3OD):8.70(s,1H),7.41(dd,J=8.4,3.6Hz,2H),7.31(dd,J=8.4,3.6Hz,2H),5.75(bs,1H),5.12-50.2(m,2H),4.70(dd,J=7.2,7.2Hz,1H),4.01-3.15(m,12H),1.42(dd,J=6.4,6.4Hz,3H)。LCMS:402.2[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例26
4-氨基-2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)戊-1-酮
1H NMR(CD3OD):8.67(s,1H),7.52-7.51(m,1H),7.30-7.28(m,1H),7.13-7.08(m,1H),5.76-5.73(m,1H),5.11-5.01(m,2H),4.40-4.38(m,1H),3.93-3.49(m,12H),1.43-1.33(m,9H)。LCMS:462.1[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例27
2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
1H NMR(CD3OD):8.66(s,1H),7.47-7.46(m,2H),7.44-7.37(m,2H),5.72(bs,1H),5.10-5.00(m,2H),4.51-4.47(m,1H),3.85-2.81(m,12H),1.42-1.35(m,9H)。LCMS:444.2[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例28
(2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-((3S)-3-甲基-4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
1H NMR(CD3OD):8.71(s,1H),7.41-7.26(m,4H),5.73-5.71(m,1H),5.12-5.01(m,2H),4.39-4.32(m,1H),4.10-4.05(m,1H),3.95-3.81(m,1H),3.67-3.48(m,2H),3.23-3.01(m,3H),2.73-2.58(m,1H),1.45-1.26(m,6H),1.15-1.41(d,J=6.0H)。LCMS:416.1[M+H+](APCI+)。
实施例29
(S)-3-氨基-2-(4-氯苯基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
LC/MS(APCI+)m/z 444.2[M+H]+。
应该认为先前的描述仅仅是说明性的本发明原理。进一步的,由于许多改进和变化对本领域技术人员是显而易见的,所以不希望本发明被上述显示的精确构成和方法所限制。相应地,可以认为,所有合适的改进和等效内容在下述权利要求书所定义的本发明范围之内。
当在说明书和下面的权利要求中使用时,单词“包含”、“包括”意欲具体说明所叙述的性能、整体、组分或步骤的存在,但不排除存在或填加一或多种其它性能、整体、组分、步骤或基团。
Claims (47)
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是H。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是甲基。
4.权利要求3的化合物,其中R1是(R)构型。
5.权利要求3的化合物,其中R1是(S)构型。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的化合物,其中R2是H。
7.权利要求1至6中任一项所述的化合物,其中R5是H或甲基。
8.权利要求1至7中任一项所述的化合物,其中R5是甲基,其中所述R5是(S)构型。
9.权利要求1至8中任一项所述的化合物,其中G是任选被1至3个基团所取代的苯基,该基团独立地选自F、Cl、Br、甲基、乙基、异丙基、OCH3和OCH2CH3。
10.权利要求1至9中任一项所述的化合物,其中G是苯基、2-氯苯基、3-氯苯基、4-氯苯基、4-氟苯基、4-溴苯基、4-甲基苯基、4-乙基苯基、4-异丙基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-乙氧基苯基、4-氯-3-氟苯基、3,4-二氟苯基、4-溴-3-氟苯基、3-氟-4-甲基苯基、3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基、3,4-二氯苯基、2,4-二氯苯基、2,4-二氟苯基、2-氯-4-氟苯基、2-氟-4-氯苯基、3,5-二氯苯基、3,5-二氟苯基、3-氯-5-氟苯基、3-氯-4-氟苯基、3-溴-4-氟苯基、3,5-二氟-4-氯苯基、2,3-二氟-4-氯苯基、2,5-二氟-4-氯苯基、3,5-二氟-4-溴苯基、2,3-二氟-4-溴苯基或2,5-二氟-4-溴苯基。
11.权利要求1至10中任一项所述的化合物,其中G是苯基、4-氯苯基、2,4-二氯苯基、4-氯-3-氟苯基、4-氟苯基、3,4-二氟苯基、4-甲基苯基或4-甲氧基苯基。
14.权利要求12或13的化合物,其中R8是H或OH。
15.权利要求12至14中任一项所述的化合物,其中Rc和Rd是H。
16.权利要求12至15中任一项所述的化合物,其中R6和R7独立地是H、甲基、乙基、异丙基、异丁基、叔丁基或3-戊基。
17.权利要求12至16中任一项所述的化合物,其中NR6R7是NH2、NHMe、NHEt、NHPr、NHiPr或NHtBu。
18.权利要求12至15中任一项所述的化合物,其中R6和R8与它们相连的原子一起形成具有1个或2个环氮原子的5-6元杂环。
19.权利要求18的化合物,其中R6和R8与它们相连的原子一起形成吡咯烷基环。
21.权利要求1-11中任一项所述的化合物,其中m是1,n是1,且p是0,从而A由下式表示:
23.权利要求21或22的化合物,其中R8是H。
24.权利要求21至23中任一项所述的化合物,其中Rc和Rd是H。
25.权利要求21至23中任一项所述的化合物,其中Rc和Rd是甲基。
26.权利要求21至25中任一项所述的化合物,其中R6和R7独立地是H、甲基、乙基、丙基或异丙基,
或R6和R8与它们相连的原子一起形成吡咯烷基环。
27.权利要求21至26中任一项所述的化合物,其中NR6R7是NH2、NHMe、NHEt、NHPr、NH(iPr)、NMe2、NMeEt、NMePr、NMe(iPr)、NEt2、NEtPr或NEt(iPr)。
31.权利要求29或30的化合物,其中R8是H。
32.按照权利要求29至31的任一项的化合物,其中R6和R7独立地是H、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基或叔丁基。
33.按照权利要求29至32的任一项的化合物,其中NR6R7是NH2、NHMe、NHEt、NHPr、NH(iPr)或NHtBu。
37.权利要求35或36的化合物,其中R8是H。
38.权利要求35至37中任一项所述的化合物,其中R6和R7独立地是H或Me。
40.权利要求1所定义的化合物,其选自由下列构成的组:
1 (2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮二盐酸盐
2 4-氨基-2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)戊-1-酮二盐酸盐
3 2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮二盐酸盐
4 (2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-((3S)-3-甲基-4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮二盐酸盐
5 (R)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-(4-((R)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
6 2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((R)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
7 2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-((3S)-3-甲基-4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
8 2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
9 2-(3,4-二氟苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
10 2-(4-氟苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
11 2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
12 3-(异丙基氨基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
13 3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)-2-对甲苯基丙-1-酮
14 2-(4-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
15 (R)-4-氨基-2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)戊-1-酮
16 4-氨基-2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基-1-((3S)-3-甲基-4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)戊-1-酮
17 (R)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
18 (R)-4-氨基-2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基-1-(4-((R)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)戊-1-酮
19 2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
20 (R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
21 (S)-2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
22 (S)-2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((R)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
23 (R)-2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-((R)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
24 (3-(4-氯苯基)吡咯烷-3-基)(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)甲酮
25 (2S)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
26 4-氨基-2-(4-氯-3-氟苯基)-4-甲基-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)戊-1-酮
27 2-(4-氯苯基)-3-(异丙基氨基)-1-(4-(5-甲基-5,7--二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
28 (2R)-2-氨基-3-(4-氯苯基)-1-((3S)-3-甲基-4-(5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
29 (S)-3-氨基-2-(4-氯苯基)-1-(4-((S)-5-甲基-5,7-二氢呋喃并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙-1-酮
41.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-40中任一项所述的化合物和可药用载体。
42.权利要求1-40中任一项所述的化合物在制备用于抑制AKT蛋白激酶产生的药物中的用途。
43.权利要求1-40中任一项所述的化合物在制备用于治疗AKT蛋白激酶介导的病症的药物中的用途。
44.权利要求43的用途,其中所述疾病或病症是炎性疾病、过度增生性疾病、心血管疾病、神经变性疾病、妇科疾病和皮肤疾病。
45.试剂盒,其用于治疗AKT蛋白激酶介导的病症,其中所述试剂盒包括:
a)第一药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-40中任一项所述的化合物;和
b)使用说明书。
46.权利要求45的试剂盒,其还包括(c)第二药物组合物,其中该第二药物组合物包含第二化合物,该第二化合物是AKT蛋白激酶抑制剂。
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2656566C (en) | 2014-06-17 |
JP5231410B2 (ja) | 2013-07-10 |
US8329701B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
DE602007011628D1 (de) | 2011-02-10 |
WO2008006025A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
US20110269773A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
CA2656566A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
EP2049546A1 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
CN101511842A (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
EP2049546B1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
ATE493418T1 (de) | 2011-01-15 |
JP2009542720A (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
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