CN101481753A - Method for smelting nickel-iron alloy from laterite nickel oxide ore - Google Patents
Method for smelting nickel-iron alloy from laterite nickel oxide ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for smelting ferronickel alloy from laterite nickel oxide ore belongs to the ferronickel alloy smelting technical field. A direct reduction technique of carbon-bearing pellets in a rotary hearth furnace is adopted to reduce the nickel oxide in nickel ores to iron and nickel; then iron and nickel are smelted; the solid solutions of nickel and iron are agglomerated, cooled, shattered and subjected to magnetic selection, so that the granular ferronickel alloy with high sulfur content is obtained; and the ferronickel alloy is melted and desulphurized, so that the purified ferronickel alloy is obtained. The invention has the advantages that compared with the traditional process without separation in advance, the follow-up smelting process of the method can save a great amount of energy source for the greatly reduced quantity of slag; and the crude ferronickel obtained through smelting contains relatively low Si content.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Rhometal technical field of smelting, a kind of method from laterite nickel oxide ore smelting ferronickel alloy particularly is provided.Adopt the method for pyrometallurgical smelting that nickel and iron in the laterite nickel oxide ore are comprehensively extracted, particularly relate to the employing rotary hearth furnace, the composite carbon containing pellet made from laterite nickel oxide ore, flux and coal dust is a raw material, through high temperature reduction and fusion, liquid ferronickel coalescence in viscous slag becomes small-particle, then chilling and broken, obtain the higher raw ferro nickel alloy of sulfur-bearing through after the magnetic separation, fusing and refining desulfuration in electric furnace or induction melting furnace are cast into alloy pig, as the raw material of smelting stainless steel subsequently.
Background technology
The laterite nickel oxide ore is utilized widely because of nickeliferous grade is low.Along with the increase of nickel demand and the more and more scarcity of nickel resources, the utilization of laterite nickel oxide ore is paid much attention to.The utilization of laterite nickel oxide ore is divided into wet method and pyrogenic process, in the laterite nickel oxide ore pyrometallurgical smelting process in the past, mainly containing the small furnace smelting technology, is rotary kiln-ore deposit thermic arc stove smelting method of representative with Japan, Ukraine, is the direct current electric arc furnace technology of representative with South Africa.
The small furnace smelting technology at first carries out sintering with the laterite nickel oxide ore, then agglomerate is added blast furnace, with coke as reductive agent, 1700 ℃ of smelting temperatures, the quantity of slag is big, the energy consumption height.
Kiln process at first adds the pit coal powder that mixes the dehydration of revolution roasting in kilns, and it is 600～700 ℃ nickeliferous slag that iron wherein and nickel have been reduced and have formed temperature; Nickeliferous then slag heat insulation, the sealing state under be admitted in the hot stove in ore deposit, pass through arc smelting, isolate rough ferronickel and electric furnace slag, produce the reducing gas that contains CO75% simultaneously, this gas burns through turning back to act as a fuel in the rotary kiln after purifying, the rotary kiln necessary energy is provided, and the dirt ash returns the hot stove in ore deposit to be continued to participate in smelting.Impurity height such as the ferronickel sulfur-bearing that obtains from the hot stove in ore deposit, silicon, carbon, phosphorus also are not suitable for the smelting high-class stainless steel.These rough ferronickels also need to carry out could dispatch from the factory as finished product after the refining.There is the difficult problem of ring formation in the kiln in kiln process, all be difficult to be solved, and the hot slag amount in ore deposit is big, power consumption is high all the time.
The flow process of direct current arc oven process is: ore is that 800～850 ℃ calcining adds direct current electric arc furnace with temperature after super-dry and fluiddized-bed roasting, and 1650 ℃ of following meltings, the liquid ferronickel of generation can be delivered directly to contiguous stainless steel plant, produces stainless steel; Or, sell with granular ferronickel launch again through refining, granulation.Can directly utilize smitham, conduct heat, atmosphere is controlled easily.But easy bonding in the fluidized-bed, smelting operation temperature height in the stove has the big quantity of slag, shortcoming that power consumption is high equally.
Rotary hearth furnace just began to be applied in the direct reduction iron making field as far back as the seventies in 20th century, had become mature technology through the development of three more than ten years.Application number is the patent of 200610163834.X a kind of method of utilizing the rotary hearth furnace smelting ferronickel that has been publicity, its process is for to be mixed and made into carbonaceous pelletizing with red soil nickel ore powder and coal dust, enter rotary hearth furnace and carry out prereduction under 950～1300 ℃ of temperature, the electric furnace of then pre-reduced pellet being packed into melts branch.This method is not obviously improved the problem that the technology quantity of slag was big in the past, power consumption is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method from laterite nickel oxide ore smelting ferronickel alloy, ferriferous oxide and nickel oxide in the laterite nickel oxide ore are reduced effectively in the rotary hearth furnace reduction section, overcome the shortcoming that the aforesaid method quantity of slag is big, energy consumption is high and the novel process of a kind of smelting ferronickel that provides, particularly rotary hearth furnace is applied to handle the laterite nickel oxide ore, finally obtain Rhometal, as the raw material of smelting stainless steel.This operational path is a fuel with coal, combustion gas or heavy oil, is reductive agent with the coal dust, has overcome the technical barrier of ring formation of rotary kiln.Therefore the rotary hearth furnace smelting ferronickel can adopt the method for magnetic separation earlier most of waste residue to be removed owing to experienced the process of first reduction back high-temperature fusion coalescence in rotary hearth furnace, and electric furnace melts and refining and magnetic substance added.
The present invention smelts a kind of technology that obtains Rhometal from the laterite nickel oxide ore, and processing step is as follows:
A, with laterite nickel oxide breeze, coal dust, flux and binding agent add the mixing machine mixing by proportioning, produce carbonaceous pelletizing with ball press, be taped against in the rotary hearth furnace cupola well after the drying machine drying, the cupola well of dress carbonaceous pelletizing rotates a circle at annular furnace, pass through heating zone successively, reduction section, melt zone and cooling section, reduce nickeliferous and mineral iron, formation contains the prereduction ferronickel of superfluous free carbon, and under molten state, assemble to grow up and be distributed in the slag for embedding, granular ferronickel with magnetic separation can be realized the good separation between rich metallographic phase and slag are mutually in the step b of postorder.Said its granularity of granular ferronickel is in the 0.5-5mm scope.
B, will experience reduction, fused carbonaceous pelletizing and after cooling, discharge rotary hearth furnace by spiral discharging machine, cool off through cooler, again through crusher in crushing, with magnetic separator the magnetic substance magnetic separation of rich metallographic phase is come out then, remove 70%～80 weight % slag phase, in the step c of postorder, can save energy widely.
C, resulting rich metallographic phase comprise granular ferronickel and small part slag mutually, carry out whole reduction, fusing in smelting furnace, further separate slag iron, obtain the higher nickel-containing molten iron of sulfur-bearing, and its nickel content of said nickel-containing molten iron is 6～20 weight %.
The higher nickel-containing molten iron of d, sulfur-bearing is cast into refining Rhometal after desulfurization is handled.
Adopt the processing unit of rotary hearth furnace 9 at step a as the carbonaceous pelletizing reducing and smelting, be controlled at 1000～1200 ℃ in rotary hearth furnace heating zone temperature, be controlled at 1200～1350 ℃ in the reduction section temperature, be controlled at 1350～1500 ℃ in the melt zone temperature, cooling section is cooled to 1100～1200 ℃ with pelletizing.
In the described carbonaceous pelletizing of step a, should allocate the flux of 5%～10 weight % into, MgO, SiO in the pelletizing of feasible reduction back
2Can form low melting point mutually and in rotary hearth furnace melting section fusing with flux Deng the high-melting-point material, assemble for the liquid metal ferronickel and grow up into suitable granularity and create good condition of divergence.Said flux comprises Wingdale, fluorite, Manganse Dioxide, soda, saltcake, and these flux may be used alone, can also be used in combination.
The present invention allocates the reductive agent of different content in can the carbonaceous pelletizing that do not coexist according to raw material composition condition into, and described reductive agent is coke powder or coal dust, and the weight ratio that adds reductive agent is 5%～10 weight %.
The present invention is by making powdery laterite nickel oxide ore, reductive agent, sludging flux, binding agent mixing and disk ball or be pressed into carbonaceous pelletizing, by the apparatus for distributing rotary hearth furnace of packing into, at high temperature ferriferous oxide in the laterite nickel oxide ore is reduced to iron, nickel oxide is reduced into nickel, and other gangue forms slag in the ore deposit, and the ferronickel after the reduction forms sosoloid fusing and diffusion in slag, merges and grows up into particulate state under higher temperature.Pelletizing behind the reducing and smelting is discharged through the cooling of rotary hearth furnace cooling section and with output mechanism, and water continues cooling and broken then, through magnetic separation granular ferronickel is selected subsequently.Therefore the ferronickel sulfur-bearing of selecting is higher, and contains the part slag, needs to adopt electric furnace or induction furnace to carry out melting and desulfurization, obtains low-sulfur, the nickel content refining Rhometal at 6～20 weight %.
Among the present invention, to burner hearth fueling such as coke-oven gas, Sweet natural gas, heavy oil and hot blast, heat this mixture bed of material from the burner of furnace roof or furnace side.Shop, siege refractory masses top layer of carbonaceous material, the carbonaceous material top is the carbonaceous pelletizing layer, thickness is 20～30mm.
The layer of carbonaceous material on above-mentioned said siege surface is made up of less than coke powder or the pulverized anthracite of 3mm granularity.One of its effect can be used as the protective layer of cupola well refractory materials, plays and supports the fusion pelletizing, prevents that melt substance is penetrated in the refractory materials; Two of effect can produce CO and H with the furnace gas reaction
2, play and regulate the burner hearth reducing atmosphere, promote reductive action.
The invention has the advantages that compare with the not sorting in advance of traditional technology, the follow-up melting technology of present method can be saved a large amount of energy because of the quantity of slag reduces greatly, it is low relatively that the raw ferro nickel that smelting obtains contains Si.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention produces Rhometal from the laterite nickel oxide ore by rotary hearth furnace a process flow sheet; Wherein, laterite nickel oxide breeze 1, coal dust 2, flux 3 and binding agent 4 add mixing machine 5 mixings by proportioning, produce carbonaceous pelletizing 7 with ball press 6, be taped against rotary hearth furnace 9, cooler 10, crusher 11, magnetic separator 12, slag phase 13, magnetic substance 14, smelting furnace 15, ferronickel water 16 after drying machine 8 dryings.
Embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 1, make the ball raw material and enter mixer from laterite nickel oxide breeze storehouse, Pulverized Coal Bin, flux storehouse, binding agent storehouse respectively, after this mixes above-mentioned raw materials, send into ball press and make ball.The pelletizing of making is admitted to rotary hearth furnace through charging opening and distributor after the drying machine drying, the coal gas of confession or fuel oil were through burner combustion outside the hot blast that hot-wind inlet from stove is sent here made, because the burner on the rotary hearth furnace circumference and the layout of hot-wind inlet have guaranteed to have formed in the stove the different process section of temperature, the pelletizing that enters is 1150 ℃ preheating section drying, preheating; Powdered iron ore in 1350 ℃ reduction section pelletizing is reduced; Iron, nickel oxide are grown up by the cohesion of further reduction, fusing and ferronickel sosoloid in 1500 ℃ melt zone; Temperature descending section cooling at 1100 ℃.The described pelletizing that contains the particle Rhometal is through discharge port and spiral discharging machine discharging, through the cooler cooling, through crusher in crushing, select the particle ferronickel through magnetic separator, magnetic substance is again through electric furnace or induction furnace melting, desulfurization, casting obtains the Rhometal ingot, as the raw material of further smelting stainless steel.
Embodiment
The flux of the laterite nickel oxide breeze of 80% weight part, 5% weight part coal dust, 15% weight part is mixed pressure ball.The overwhelming majority is the slag phase in the resulting pelletizing after reduction, fusion, cooling, particulate state Rhometal then embedding is distributed in the slag, and its granularity is about 0.5mm～5mm, magnetic separation after shrend, fragmentation, remove most of slag phase, the magnetic substance that obtains is the thick Rhometal that contains a small amount of slag.Because ferronickel content amounts to and has only 10% in this laterite nickel oxide ore, metal is low with the ratio of the quantity of slag, the pressure that the liquid ferronickel that comprises in the slag bears is big, their dispersity in slag are also big simultaneously, so reach the distance that mutual polymerization need be spread, the chance of collision contact is little each other, therefore often forms smaller particles shape ferronickel according to nearby principle.Can improve the viscosity and the flowability of slag by adding suitable flux, increase the spread coefficient of ferronickel in slag; Perhaps promote the cohesion of ferronickel by the prolongation fused time.Preliminary experiment confirms that the iron nickel recovery can reach 73.2%, the shared per-cent 20.32% of nickel in the iron-nickel alloy.
Laterite nickel oxide ore chemical ingredients (wt%)
| MgO | SiO 2 | Ni | Co | Fe | Ca | Cr | Al 2O 3 | P | S |
| 30.97 | 46 | 2.4 | 0.126 | 7.89 | 0.05 | 0.092 | 0.85 | 0.0114 | 0.10 |
Claims (5)
1, a kind of method from laterite nickel oxide ore smelting ferronickel alloy is characterized in that, takes following steps:
A, laterite nickel oxide breeze (1), coal dust (2), flux (3) and binding agent (4) are added mixing machine (5) mixing by proportioning, produce carbonaceous pelletizing (7) with ball press (6), be taped against after drying machine (8) drying in rotary hearth furnace (9) cupola well, the cupola well of dress carbonaceous pelletizing rotates a circle at annular furnace, pass through heating zone, reduction section, melt zone and cooling section successively, reduce nickeliferous and mineral iron, formation contains the prereduction ferronickel of superfluous free carbon, and under molten state, assemble to grow up and be granular ferronickel, make it have magnetic separation.Said its granularity of granular ferronickel is in the 0.5-5mm scope.
B, will experience reduction, fused carbonaceous pelletizing and after cooling, discharge rotary hearth furnace (9) by spiral discharging machine, cool off through cooler (10), again through crusher (11) fragmentation, use magnetic separator (12) that magnetic substance (14) magnetic separation of rich metallographic phase is come out then, remove 70%～80 weight % slag phase (13);
C, resulting rich metallographic phase comprise granular ferronickel and small part slag mutually, carry out whole reduction, fusing in smelting furnace (15), further separate slag iron, obtain the higher nickel-containing molten iron of sulfur-bearing (16), and its nickel content of said nickel-containing molten iron is 6～20 weight %.
The higher nickel-containing molten iron of d, sulfur-bearing is cast into refining Rhometal after desulfurization is handled.
2, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, adopt the processing unit of rotary hearth furnace (9) at step a as the carbonaceous pelletizing reducing and smelting, be controlled at 1000～1200 ℃ in rotary hearth furnace heating zone temperature, be controlled at 1200～1350 ℃ in the reduction section temperature, be controlled at 1350～1500 ℃ in the melt zone temperature, cooling section is cooled to 1100～1200 ℃ with pelletizing.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, should allocate the flux of 5%～10 weight % in the described carbonaceous pelletizing of step a into, MgO, SiO in the pelletizing of feasible reduction back
2The high-melting-point material can form low melting point with flux and melt mutually and in the rotary hearth furnace melting section; Said flux comprises Wingdale, fluorite, Manganse Dioxide, soda or saltcake, and these flux are used singly or in combination.
4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, allocates the reductive agent of different content in the carbonaceous pelletizing that do not coexist according to raw material composition condition into, and described reductive agent is coke powder or coal dust, and the weight ratio that adds reductive agent is 5%～10%.
5, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, to burner hearth fueling and hot blast, heats this mixture bed of material from the burner of furnace roof or furnace side.Shop, siege refractory masses top layer of carbonaceous material, the carbonaceous material top is the carbonaceous pelletizing layer, thickness is 20-30mm; Described fuel is coke-oven gas, Sweet natural gas, heavy oil.
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| CN109022824A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-12-18 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | A method of nickel fibers clinker is handled using silicon carbide |
| CN112601827A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2021-04-02 | 住友金属矿山株式会社 | Method for smelting oxide ore |
| CN110527783A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-03 | 江苏江南铁合金有限公司 | A kind of technique improving the nickel recovery rate in ferronickel production |
| CN110527783B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-05-28 | 江苏江南铁合金有限公司 | Process for improving nickel yield in nickel iron production |
| CN113355475A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-07 | 山东墨龙石油机械股份有限公司 | Method for efficiently smelting nickel-containing molten iron by using low-grade nickel material and application thereof |
| WO2022247356A1 (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-12-01 | 山东墨龙石油机械股份有限公司 | Method for smelting nickel-containing metal, and application thereof |
| CN116121531A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-05-16 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Device and method for extracting metal iron from high ferric silicate solid waste residues |
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