CN101470795B - Communication method and device in radio frequency identification system - Google Patents
Communication method and device in radio frequency identification system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a communication method in an RFID system, which comprises the following steps: when the label receives a trigger message sent by a reader, generating an anti-collision processing parameter by using the label and/or the input parameter of the label according to a specific generation rule; and the tag sends the anti-collision processing parameters to the reader, and the anti-collision processing parameters are used for anti-collision processing of the reader. The embodiment of the invention also discloses a label device and a system in the RFID system. By using the embodiment of the invention, the label identification and/or the input parameter of the label are/is used for generating the anti-collision processing parameter, and the anti-collision processing parameter replaces the label identification used in the anti-collision process, thereby avoiding the direct transmission of information such as the label identification before the bidirectional authentication of the reader and the label is completed, reducing the possibility that an unauthorized user obtains the label information and improving the safety of the RFID system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication technical field, relate in particular to communication means and equipment in a kind of radio frequency identification system.
Background technology
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification; Radio frequency identification) technology is a kind of contactless automatic identification technology that moves to maturity since the eighties in last century, and it utilizes radiofrequency signal to pass through space coupling (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field) and realizes that contactless information transmission and the information of passing through to be transmitted reach the technology of identifying purpose.Because the RFID technology has characteristics such as multiple goal identification and contactless identification; Fields such as manufacturing industry, commerce, military affairs, daily life have been widely used at present; And demonstrate huge development potentiality and application space, be considered to one of the most rising technology of 21 century.
The structure of rfid system is as shown in Figure 1, generally is made up of label, reader and background data base three parts.Background data base can be the Database Systems that run on any hardware platform, and the user can select according to actual needs voluntarily, and generally background data base has powerful calculating and storage capacity, and it is storing the information of all labels.Reader is actual to be a wireless transmit and a receiving equipment that has antenna, is used to read or the read/write tag data, and its processing power, storage space are all bigger.Reader further closes the unit by radio-frequency module (transmitter and receiver), control module, the lotus root that is connected with label and forms.Label is placed on the object that will discern, carries target identification data, is the real data carrier of rfid system, has the microcircuit of antenna, and label does not have microprocessor usually, only is made up of thousands of logic gates.Each label all contains unique identification code, is used for the object that identification (RFID) tag adhered to.When label is received the signal that reader initiatively sends; Label is waken up; Obtain energy through RF-coupled mode on the one hand, on the other hand the signal of receiving is carried out demodulation, from carrier wave, restore digital signal; Accomplish corresponding operation according to the instruction that wherein comprises then, and give reader through the backscattering loopback response message.When having a plurality of labels to appear at the radio-frequency field of reader simultaneously, reader is through starting anticollision Processing Algorithm, identification label one by one.
Though the RFID technology has a wide range of applications, the RFID communication system lacks effective security mechanism, has become the key factor of its large scale deployment of restriction and utilization.A fairly perfect rfid system solution should possess following characteristic: confidentiality: information only is authorized to user capture; Integrality: information distorts or replaces resistance in the communication process; Authenticity: reader and label authentication and undeniable; Replay Attack resists: the playback of opposing communication information; Privacy: protection consumer's the privacy information or the commercial interest of related economic entity.
As a kind of wireless communication technology, the security solution of RFID except that the safety requirements with above-mentioned general wireless communication technology, also has the characteristics of self.
Practicality: reader and background data base all have more intense computing power usually, and the Communication Security Problem between them can utilize ripe relatively computer network security mechanism to solve.But then require low cost for label, cause the computing power of label and storage space all more limited, limited the use of existing ripe security mechanism.Therefore, the RFID security solution has higher requirement for practicality.Be that solution must be fit to the limited characteristics of RFID computing cost, storage capacity and communication capacity.For the ease of design and RFID system, suppose that usually the communication channel between label and the reader is unsafe, the communication channel between reader and the back-end data base then is safe.
Privacy: because the RFID label is the noncontact automatic identification technology, so label possibly read the hidden danger that exists privacy of user illegally to be read by reader under the unwitting situation of user.Therefore, the privacy protecting of rfid system is promptly protected the commercial interest of consumer's privacy or related economic entity, possibly stronger importance arranged than other communication system.
Based on foregoing description how according to the own characteristic of rfid system; At tag computation speed, communication capacity and storage space very under the condition of limited; Design security mechanism preferably, security and privacy protecting are provided, be related to rfid system and can really move towards practical.
In the prior art one, the communication process in a kind of rfid system is as shown in Figure 2, may further comprise the steps:
Step S201, reader send (Init-round) perhaps orders such as (Init_round_all) to the label that is in preparation (Ready) state.
Step S202, label get into and are waken up (Round Active) state, and carry out anticollision and handle, this wherein label can send SUID (Sub Unique Identifier, sub-unique identification).
Step S203, reader judge that when having only a label to carry out feedback, transmission Next_slot or Standby_round carry the label information (tag signature) of tag feedback in the order.
Step S204, label get into Quiet or Selected state according to the order that receives respectively.
Step S205, reader can carry out further data interaction with the label that is in the Selected state.
Repeat to accomplish the mutual of all data according to above step.
As shown in Figure 3, in prior art two, the communication flow diagram in a kind of rfid system specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step S301, reader send the order of GROUP_SELECT series to the label that is in the READY state.
Step S302, label get into ID state (Identify state, index are signed and attempted state that reader is discerned self), and carry out the anticollision process, and label can send its ID therein.
Step S303, judge when reader and to send the DATA_READ order, and to carry label ID when having only a tag feedback.
Step S304, label get into the DATA_EXCHANGE state.
Step S305, reader can with the label that is under the DATA_EXCHANGE state, carry out further data interaction.
Repeat to accomplish the mutual of all data according to above step.
The inventor finds that there is following problem at least in above-mentioned prior art in realizing process of the present invention:
In reader reading tag process, label is accomplished the anticollision processing procedure through sending expressly to identify, and therefore is not suitable for the scene that security is had requirement.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides communication means and the labeling apparatus in a kind of rfid system, to improve the security of communication process in the existing rfid system.
For achieving the above object, the embodiment of the invention provides the communication means in a kind of rfid system, may further comprise the steps:
When label receives the trigger messages of reader transmission; According to specific create-rule; Use the sign and/or the input parameter of said label to generate the anticollision processing parameter; The inverse operation of said specific create-rule is a difficulty or infeasible, and the said anticollision processing parameter of generation guarantees that for different labels the parameter that is adopted is unique;
Said specific create-rule is specific processing function, and said specific processing function is an one-way function;
Said label sends said anticollision processing parameter to said reader, said anticollision processing parameter is used for the anticollision of said reader to be handled.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the labeling apparatus in a kind of rfid system, comprising:
Anticollision processing parameter generation unit; Be used for trigger messages according to the reader transmission; According to specific create-rule; Use the sign and/or the input parameter of said label to generate the anticollision processing parameter, the inverse operation of said specific create-rule is a difficulty or infeasible, and the said anticollision processing parameter of generation guarantees that for different labels the parameter that is adopted is unique;
Said specific create-rule is specific processing function, and said specific processing function is an one-way function;
Anticollision processing parameter transmitting element is used for the anticollision processing parameter that said anticollision processing parameter generation unit generates is sent to said reader, and the anticollision that is used for said reader is handled.
Embodiments of the invention also provide a kind of Verification System, are used for the authentication of rfid system, comprising:
Label; When being used to receive the trigger messages of reader transmission; According to specific create-rule; Use the sign and/or the input parameter of said label to generate the anticollision processing parameter, the inverse operation of said specific create-rule is a difficulty or infeasible, and the said anticollision processing parameter of generation guarantees that for different labels the parameter that is adopted is unique; And said anticollision processing parameter sent to said reader;
Said specific create-rule is specific processing function, and said specific processing function is an one-way function;
Reader is used for carrying out anticollision according to the said anticollision processing parameter that said label sends and handles.
Compared with prior art, embodiments of the invention have the following advantages:
Use the sign and/or the input parameter of label to generate the anticollision processing parameter; Replace the tag identifier that uses in the anticollision process with this anticollision processing parameter; Avoided in the two-way authentication of accomplishing reader and the label direct transmission of information such as tag identifier before; Reduced the possibility that unauthorized user obtains label information, the security that improved rfid system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the basic composition figure of rfid system in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the communication flow diagram in a kind of rfid system in the prior art;
Fig. 3 is the communication flow diagram in the another kind of rfid system in the prior art;
Fig. 4 is an improved communication process in the rfid system in the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 5 is an improved communication process in the rfid system in the embodiment of the invention two;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of Verification System in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of labeling apparatus in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention propose the communication means in a kind of rfid system; Be used for guaranteeing anticollision processing procedure at label and reader; When label receives the trigger messages of reader, generate specific parameter and carry out the anticollision processing with the tag identifier that replaces available technology adopting.Make reader before accomplishing two-way authentication, can not obtain the information such as sign of label, thereby remedy the safety disappearance of prior art with label.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiments of the invention describes in further detail.
Embodiments of the invention one have disclosed the communication means in a kind of rfid system, and are as shown in Figure 4 with the example that is improved to that the communication process in the above-mentioned prior art one is carried out, and specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step S401, reader send orders such as Init-round or Init_round_all to the label that is in preparation (Ready) state.
Concrete, reader sends radiofrequency signal, and signal has carried the query statement of reader to label.
Step S402, label get into Round Active state, and carry out anticollision and handle.When anticollision was handled, label sent one to reader and is used for the parameter that anticollision is handled, and should guarantee that for different labels the parameter that is adopted is unique.As use the SUID of label to generate the parameter that this is used for the anticollision processing, and concrete, make SUID '=f1 (SUID; OtherElement); Wherein, f1 is defined as the function that SUID is handled, and OtherElement is the sign of other parameters of this function except that SUID; And by SUID ' inverse SUID is difficulty or infeasible, can be unidirectional HASH function like f1.Certainly, guaranteeing under the unique prerequisite of the different anticollision processing parameters that label adopted that use does not comprise that or not also is feasible that the parameter of the SUID of label generates the parameter that is used for the anticollision processing.
Anticollision in this step is handled specifically and is referred to; Often there is an above label to be in simultaneously in the reach of reader during rfid system work; When these labels utilize the same communication resource (as a time slot or same channel) when sending self-contained data to reader; It is data collision that conflict will appear in the reader reading of data, and this will cause the reader can not sense data, reduce the rfid system work efficiency.In rfid system, present widely used anticollision Processing Algorithm mostly is TDMA (Time DivisionMultiple Access, a time division multiple access (TDMA)), does not describe in detail here.
Step S403, reader judge to have only a label to feed back, and send Standby round, carry the label information (Tag Signature) of tag feedback in the order, and label gets into (Selected) state of selection.
Step S404, carry out the two-way authentication of reader and label.Can adopt more existing two-way authentication algorithms, the present invention does not define.
Step S405, carry out the data interaction of ID and other data.In the data exchange process, can use the key that uses in the above-mentioned verification process or generate to carry out secret communication.
Step S406, reader send the Next_slot order, carry the tag signature of label in the order, and label gets into the Quiet state.
Repeat to accomplish the secure interactive of all data according to above step.In the reader reading tag process, label is no longer accomplished the anticollision process through expressly sending information such as sign, has improved the security of system in the present embodiment.
Embodiments of the invention two provide the communication means in a kind of rfid system, and are as shown in Figure 5 with the example that is improved to that the communication process in the above-mentioned prior art two is carried out, and specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step S501, reader send the order of GROUP_SELECT series to the label that is in the READY state.
Step S502, label get into the ID state, and carry out the anticollision processing procedure.When anticollision was handled, label sent one to reader and is used for the parameter that anticollision is handled, and should guarantee that for different labels the parameter that is adopted is unique.As use the ID of label to generate the parameter that this is used for the anticollision processing; Concrete, make therein label can send ID '=f1 (ID, OtherElement); Wherein f1 is the function that a pair of ID handles, and OtherElement is the sign of other input parameters except that ID of function f 1.And by ID ' inverse ID is difficulty or infeasible, can be unidirectional HASH function like f1.Certainly, guaranteeing under the unique prerequisite of the different anticollision processing parameters that label adopted that it also is feasible using the parameter that does not comprise label ID to generate the parameter that is used for the anticollision processing.
Step S503, judge when reader and to send reading of data (DATA_READ) order, and to carry label ID ' when having only a tag feedback that the definition of ID ' is the same.
Step S504, label get into data interaction (DATA_EXCHANGE) state.
Step S505, reader and label carry out two-way authentication, and concrete verification process can adopt more existing authentication methods, and this programme does not define.
Step S506, carry out the data interaction of ID and other data.In the data exchange process, can adopt the key that uses in the above-mentioned verification process or generate to carry out secret communication.
Repeat to accomplish the secure interactive of all data according to above step.
The said method that the application of the invention embodiment provides; Use the sign and/or the input parameter of label to generate the anticollision processing parameter; Replace the tag identifier that uses in the anticollision process with this anticollision processing parameter; Avoided in the two-way authentication of accomplishing reader and the label direct transmission of information such as tag identifier before, reduced the possibility that unauthorized user obtains label information, the security that has improved rfid system.。
The present invention also provides a kind of Verification System, is used for the authentication of rfid system, and this Verification System is as shown in Figure 6, further comprises labeling apparatus 1 and reader 2, and wherein the structure of labeling apparatus 1 is as shown in Figure 7, specifically comprises:
Anticollision processing parameter generation unit 10 when the message that is used for sending according to reader gets into the anticollision processing, generates the anticollision processing parameter; Wherein, the message of reader transmission is specially message such as Init-round message, Init-round-all message or Group Select.
Anticollision processing parameter transmitting element 20 is used for the anticollision processing parameter that said anticollision processing parameter generation unit 10 generates is sent to said reader.
This anticollision processing parameter generation unit 10 further comprises:
Create-rule is provided with subelement 11, is used to be provided with the employed create-rule of generation anticollision processing parameter; This unit specifically can be for first create-rule be provided with subelement, and this create-rule can be specific processing function, and the inverse operation of this processing function has more highly difficult, as being one-way function.
Parameter is provided with subelement 12, is used to be provided with generate the employed parameter of anticollision processing parameter, and said parameter comprises the sign and/or the input parameter of said label self; The sign of this label self is specially: the SUID of label or ID.
Parameter generates subelement 13, is used for according to create-rule the create-rule that subelement 11 is provided with being set, and operation parameter is provided with the parameter generation anticollision processing parameter that subelement 12 is provided with.Concrete, this unit specifically can be that first parameter generates subelement, and parameter is provided with parameter that subelement 12 is provided with as the particular procedure argument of function, with the functional value of specific processing function as the anticollision processing parameter.
This labeling apparatus also comprises:
Authentication ' unit 30 is used for after anticollision is finished dealing with, and carries out two-way authentication with reader;
Said system that the application of the invention embodiment provides and equipment; Use the sign and/or the input parameter of label to generate the anticollision processing parameter; Replace the tag identifier that uses in the anticollision process with this anticollision processing parameter; Avoided in the two-way authentication of accomplishing reader and the label direct transmission of information such as tag identifier before, reduced the possibility that unauthorized user obtains label information, the security that has improved rfid system.
Through the description of above embodiment, those skilled in the art can be well understood to the present invention and can realize by the mode that software adds essential general hardware platform, can certainly pass through hardware, but the former is better embodiment under a lot of situation.Based on such understanding; The part that technical scheme of the present invention contributes to prior art in essence in other words can be come out with the embodied of software product; This obtains the machine software product and is stored in the storage medium, comprises that some instructions are used so that a station terminal equipment is carried out the described method of each embodiment of the present invention.
More than disclosedly be merely several specific embodiment of the present invention, still, the present invention is not limited thereto, any those skilled in the art can think variation all should fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the communication means in the rfid system is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
When label receives the trigger messages of reader transmission; According to specific create-rule; Use the sign and/or the input parameter of said label to generate the anticollision processing parameter; The inverse operation of said specific create-rule is a difficulty or infeasible, and the said anticollision processing parameter of generation guarantees that for different labels the parameter that is adopted is unique;
Said specific create-rule is specific processing function, and said specific processing function is an one-way function;
Said label sends said anticollision processing parameter to said reader, said anticollision processing parameter is used for the anticollision of said reader to be handled.
2. the communication means in the rfid system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, and is said according to specific create-rule, uses the sign of said label and/or step that input parameter generates the anticollision processing parameter to be specially:
As said particular procedure argument of function, the functional value that said specific processing function is obtained is as said anticollision processing parameter with the sign of said label and/or input parameter,
3. like the communication means in the said rfid system of claim 2, it is characterized in that the sign of said label is specially: the SUID of said label or ID.
4. the communication means in the rfid system according to claim 1 is characterized in that said label after said reader sends, also comprises step with the anticollision processing parameter:
Said label and said reader receive the authentication of said reader and said reader are carried out authentication after anticollision is finished dealing with;
After authentication is passed through, said label and said reader swap data.
5. the labeling apparatus in the rfid system is characterized in that, comprising:
Anticollision processing parameter generation unit; Be used for trigger messages according to the reader transmission; According to specific create-rule; Use the sign and/or the input parameter of said label to generate the anticollision processing parameter, the inverse operation of said specific create-rule is a difficulty or infeasible, and the said anticollision processing parameter of generation guarantees that for different labels the parameter that is adopted is unique;
Said specific create-rule is specific processing function, and said specific processing function is an one-way function;
Anticollision processing parameter transmitting element is used for the anticollision processing parameter that said anticollision processing parameter generation unit generates is sent to said reader, and said anticollision processing parameter is used for the anticollision of said reader to be handled.
6. like the labeling apparatus in the said rfid system of claim 5, it is characterized in that said anticollision processing parameter generation unit further comprises:
Create-rule is provided with subelement, is used to be provided with the employed create-rule of generation anticollision processing parameter;
Parameter is provided with subelement, is used to be provided with generate the employed parameter of anticollision processing parameter, and said parameter comprises the sign and/or the input parameter of said label self;
Parameter generates subelement, is used for according to said create-rule the create-rule that subelement is provided with being set, and the parameter of using said parameter that the subelement setting is set generates said anticollision processing parameter.
7. like the labeling apparatus in the said rfid system of claim 6, it is characterized in that said create-rule is provided with subelement and is specially first create-rule subelement is set;
Said parameter generates subelement and is specially first parameter and generates subelement, be used for said parameter is provided with parameter that subelement is provided with as said particular procedure argument of function, with the functional value of said specific processing function as said anticollision processing parameter.
8. like the labeling apparatus in the said rfid system of claim 6, it is characterized in that the sign that said parameter is provided with label described in the subelement self is specially: the SUID of said label or ID.
9. like the labeling apparatus in the said rfid system of claim 5, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
Authentication ' unit is used for after anticollision is finished dealing with, and receives the authentication of said reader and said reader is carried out authentication;
The data interaction unit is used for after said authentication ' unit authentication is passed through and said reader swap data.
10. a Verification System is used for the authentication of rfid system, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Label; When being used to receive the trigger messages of reader transmission; According to specific create-rule; Use the sign and/or the input parameter of said label to generate the anticollision processing parameter, the inverse operation of said specific create-rule is a difficulty or infeasible, and the said anticollision processing parameter of generation guarantees that for different labels the parameter that is adopted is unique; And said anticollision processing parameter sent to said reader;
Said specific create-rule is specific processing function, and said specific processing function is an one-way function;
Reader is used for carrying out anticollision according to the said anticollision processing parameter that said label sends and handles.
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| CN2008100041307A CN101470795B (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-01-18 | Communication method and device in radio frequency identification system |
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| CN2008100041307A CN101470795B (en) | 2007-12-27 | 2008-01-18 | Communication method and device in radio frequency identification system |
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| CN102096604B (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2013-06-12 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Reader and RO (Read Only) rule scheduling method thereof |
| CN102169537B (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2014-03-26 | 工业和信息化部电子工业标准化研究所 | Method for processing security information data received by electronic tag |
| CN104506306A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 张君 | Encrypted signal bidirectional transmission method for liquid food filling production |
| CN104506601A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 张君 | Signal transmission method for filled liquid food production adopting unique identifier |
| CN104504419A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 张君 | Safe two-way label signal transmission system for filled liquid food production |
| CN104504417A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 张君 | Safe two-way signal transmission system for filled liquid food production |
| CN104506602A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 张君 | Signal transmission method for filled liquid food production adopting unique identifier |
| CN114386440B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2024-08-09 | 杭州旗捷科技有限公司 | Information anti-collision method, system, equipment and storage medium in radio frequency identification |
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| CN1433555A (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2003-07-30 | 3M创新有限公司 | Collision arbitration method and apparatus for reading multiple frequency identification tags |
| CN1897011A (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-17 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Method and circuit for inspecting step time-gap pulsing and preventing conflict |
| CN101089872A (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2007-12-19 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Communication method for reader and tag in RFID system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1433555A (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2003-07-30 | 3M创新有限公司 | Collision arbitration method and apparatus for reading multiple frequency identification tags |
| CN1897011A (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-17 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Method and circuit for inspecting step time-gap pulsing and preventing conflict |
| CN101089872A (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2007-12-19 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Communication method for reader and tag in RFID system |
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