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CN1014504B - 用于无摩擦载重运输的磁力系统 - Google Patents

用于无摩擦载重运输的磁力系统

Info

Publication number
CN1014504B
CN1014504B CN89108553A CN89108553A CN1014504B CN 1014504 B CN1014504 B CN 1014504B CN 89108553 A CN89108553 A CN 89108553A CN 89108553 A CN89108553 A CN 89108553A CN 1014504 B CN1014504 B CN 1014504B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
magnet
magnetic
magnetic force
load
section bar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CN89108553A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN1042334A (zh
Inventor
彼得·施斯特
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority claimed from NO874460A external-priority patent/NO168571C/no
Publication of CN1042334A publication Critical patent/CN1042334A/zh
Publication of CN1014504B publication Critical patent/CN1014504B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B61B13/00—Other railway systems
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    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0605—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two belts, e.g. Hazelett-process
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    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
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    • B22D11/0685—Accessories therefor for cooling the cast product during its passage through the mould surfaces by cooling the casting belts
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于无摩擦载重运输的磁力系统，具有软磁型梁垂直定向的型材壁，两个相对于该型材壁对置的磁铁对它由在运行方向交替定向磁极的磁铁组成，相应的外部磁极由铁磁扳短路，磁铁及磁铁与型梁之间设置了空气隙。载荷固定在磁铁上。其要点在于：相对于型材壁(2)对置的磁铁(1)的磁极具有相同的(N-N、S-S)磁极定向(排斥原理)。由此形成了一个水平磁力线通量，它由于相对于型材壁对置的相互排斥的磁极形成了大的磁力线密度。

Description

本发明涉及一种用于无摩擦载重运输的磁力系统，它具有：至少一个固定于固定梁上的软磁型梁，该型梁具有至少一个垂直的并同时平行于运输方向定向的型材壁;至少两个相对于一个型材壁对置的永久磁铁对，其中一个磁铁对由两个在运行方向上沿型材壁前后相继的，并基本上平行型材壁的，并且具有垂直于运行方向及在运行方向上交替定向的磁极的磁铁组成，它们相应的外部磁极通过一个铁磁扳短路;在磁铁与型梁壁之间及在运行方向上彼此相继的磁铁之间均各设有一个空气隙，其中载荷固定在磁铁上;及用于衡定地维持空气隙的机械装置。
公知的磁力系统也称做滑动系统，它实际上是无摩擦地在支承轨道上与其相隔一定距离地向前运动。这个系统总共是很昂贵和复杂的，因而其经济实用性尚令人怀疑。
正如86年1月3日“德国工程师协会通报”（VDI-Nachrichten）杂志第一期，艾姆登（Emden）所写的磁性轨道“快速运输06”中所述的，显而易见地，为了使车辆升高一公分就需要巨大的技术耗资。遗憾的是，为了把120吨重的车辆保持在悬浮状态，所需的能耗未曾确定。在承载196人的情况下，就要大约120.000Kg的载重能力，也就是每人相应于612Kg（按每人约80Kg重算），为此还需要昂贵的应用技术以及涉及在下雪与结冰情况下尚未解决的问题。
在公知的日本悬浮铁路中还有较大的困难。其中一些必须先在车上滚动，直到达到200公里/小时的速度时才开始悬浮。
在西德公开公报DE-OS2426053中描述的所谓“柏林磁力铁路”的功能与前类相似，它的区别在于导轮在磁场上方引行。
另外由法国申请案2228650公开了一个磁力运输系统，在其中设置了在运行方向上具有交替磁极定向的永久磁铁对及铁磁性支承型材。然而磁铁是按吸力原则，也即不同极性的极相对支承型材对置。由此，总共可达到一个相当小的承载力，此时支承载荷也是有效载荷的许多倍。
由西德公开公报DE-OS3347635公开了一个磁力系统，其中在磁铁的布置中同样是以吸力原则，也就是以异极性的磁极相对设置构成的。在这里也只实现了一个相对小的承载力。此外，所利用的结构耗资很大，因为需设置许多磁铁，以便能将一确定的载荷举起。
由西德公开公报DE-OS2146143也公开了一个电磁支承与导向系统，它具有至少一个设有基本上U型磁芯型材的电磁铁，该U型磁芯型材上固定载荷，以及一个安装在一个固定支承梁上的软磁U状型梁，它的翼缘或型壁是垂直定向的。磁力线是经过这两个本身基本在垂直方向上对置的U形型材实现闭合。该系统由于使用了电磁铁因此耗资较多。还使用了可调电磁铁的导向系统用作侧向导向，使系统的结构变得相当复杂。
最后由美国专利公报US-PS4424185公开了一种运输系统，其中用于举起载荷的永久磁铁在运行方向上彼此前后相继地交替磁极地布置。在永久磁铁的两个极侧面上设置了二个由铁磁叠片构成的轨道，它们构成了彼此平行的并平行于磁极的基本上垂直的壁。磁铁在运行方向上彼此间设有空气隙并且以交替的磁极定向布置，以使得在每两个相继的磁铁之间出现基本上水平的磁力线通量。在型梁 与磁铁之间保持相对衡定的空气隙是通过相应的导向轮实现的。在为了避免涡流使用的叠片式型梁中沿着整个运行区段上嵌有电磁线圈，它们通过相应的外部控制与固定在载荷上并在运行方向交换极性地布置的永久磁铁相互作用以供向前推进及部分地用于悬浮。由于利用了型梁的叠片式结构及在其中嵌制的线圈使装置的效率相对大大地降低了。其结构方面，特别是型梁是非常复杂及昂贵的，尤其是因为运行区段的整个长度上必须用叠片及嵌在其中的线圈制作。
本发明的任务是：提供一个前述类型的磁力系统，它在结构上简单，轻巧，在消耗能量小的情况下保证安全的性能及保证支承系统的高效率。
这个任务根据本发明将通过下述技术特征的磁力系统来解决：相对于型材壁对置的磁铁的磁极总是具有相同的磁极定向。
因此、相对于型材壁对置磁极总是取相同极性的，也就是N-N，或S-S的布置。因此是由排斥原理起作用的。试验已经表明：排斥原理的应用与公知系统中应用的吸力原理相比，可达到提高多倍的效率。
虽然在美国专利公报US-PS2812203（Scholten）中公开了一个具有永久磁铁的保持系统，其中同样设置了二个相对于铁磁性型梁相互排斥地对置的永久磁铁，但是这里仅有两个磁铁或者是在壁的纵向上以相同极性定向并列布置的多个磁铁，它们的外部极通过一个极扳连在一起，而铁磁型材是一个T状型材，它用垂直的中央翼缘伸入到磁铁中间，其上部横梁在导入的位置上与极扳相接触。由于产生了一个垂直的磁力线通量，但当T形型材由其有关功能从磁铁结构中拉出时，其磁力线就完全中断了。这里也可能不是涉及与磁 铁连接的载荷沿型材的水平运输，在这种情况下，在运输时型材壁与磁铁之间的距离及位置基本上是保持不变的。由于这个公知的保持结构尤其是用于冰箱密封设计的，因而唯一产生的相对运动是将固定在冰箱门或壳体上的型材壁插入到相应的安装在冰箱壳体或门上的磁铁中或从其中抽出，由此型材壁相对于磁铁的位置从具有相应最大磁力线通量的最大重叠位置变化到具有实际可忽略不计的磁力线通量的完全脱开的位置。因而以上两种系统在功能及操作结构上是本质上不同的。
根据本发明构思的进一步构型是用于提高承载力的一个向下方开口的，铁磁材料制作的U状型材，它的翼缘形成了彼此平行的垂直型材壁，其中磁铁对被布置在型材壁的中间及外部。
通过多个并列型材或多个型材的并列布置，这些型材设有具有相应排列磁铁的多个彼此平行的型材壁，就能达到承载能力的显著提高。
根据本发明的该磁力系统可应用在各种不同的结构解决方案中。这样由该系统运输的载荷可以设置在型材/磁铁结拘的上方。由此实现了所谓立置式结拘。
车辆的传动在此可用不同的方式实现，例如利用传动轮，它们与支承轨相接触，或者借助于一个线性电动机。
然而由该系统运输的载荷也可设置在型材/磁铁结拘的下方。由此实现了所谓悬挂式结构。这种悬挂式结构可看成有利的变型，因为这时铁磁支承型材及传动部件均设置在一个承载系统，例如一个混凝土梁的下方。由此就避免了气候的不利影响，尤其是在冬天。
以下借助涉及附图的各实施例对本发明进行详细描述。其附图为：
图1：具有一个扳状支承型梁及在该型材两侧均设置了短路磁铁 对的一种磁力系统;
图2：另一实施形式，具有U状型梁及在翼缘的中间及外部设置磁铁对;
图3：根据图2构型的倍式结构;
图4至7：该系统相应于混凝土梁及载荷的各可能结构方案：
图4：第一种结构形式，具有在型材/磁铁结构下方的运输载荷（悬挂结构）;
图5：一种具有在型材/磁铁结构上方的运输载荷的结构（立置结构）;
图6：一种具有悬挂载荷系统的侧视图，这里载荷是一个旅客运输车辆;及
图7：一个按图7中结构的前视图。
图1展示了根据本发明的磁力系统，它是作为滑扳的轨道式支承型梁2的结构，在它的两侧上均设置了相对放置的磁铁对。相对于型材2，对面放置的磁铁1以相同极性相互对置，也就是S-S或N-N的布置（排斥原理）。在纵向上均构成一个磁铁对的一对磁铁1的外部磁极通过一个铁磁扳4彼此短路，由此使磁力线通量处于最优化，即它们总在纵向设置的磁铁对与型材2及扳4之间穿流。
在图2中描绘的实施例展示了一个磁力放大的实施形式，其中型材2是一个向下开口的U形型材。相对于它的两个侧壁或翼缘来说，不但在它们的中间还是在它们的外部以与图1相同或相似的方式设置了磁铁。在这里总是相对放置的极面以相同极性相对放，以使磁力线相互排斥地取得经过铁磁支承梁壁及短路扳的相应路线。总的获得一个相应的磁力场大。
图3展示了根据图2实施形式的倍式结构。通过这种结构将达到磁力的提高。
图4展示了在悬挂结构中系统1、2的应用方案。在一个混凝土梁6的下方固定地安装了型梁2，而在设置在下方的载荷7上侧设置了与型梁2相互作用的磁铁1，该载荷7譬如是一个运输车辆。在载荷或车辆7另处的上方设置了导轮3，它们与中心承载轨配合工作。借助一个同样安装在中心的直线电动机5实现前进运动。
图5展示一个所谓的载荷7相对于系统1、2的立置结构。型梁2在这里也位于混凝土梁的下方并在混凝土梁的侧臂上。载荷或车辆设置在梁6的上方并从下面握住混凝土梁的侧臂。磁铁1被支承得使它们能与支承梁2相应地相互作用。在混凝土梁6的上方中心支承着一个用于未示的导轮和用于作向前运动的直线电动机5的导轨。
在图6及图7中描绘了一个实际的实施例。载荷或车辆7在这里是一个客运车辆。在它的上边固定磁铁1，它伸入到一个向下开口的U形梁中。显然，车辆7是在悬挂结构中运行的。

Claims (7)

1、用于无摩擦载重运输的磁力系统，它具有：至少一个固定于固定梁上的软磁性梁，该型梁具有至少一个垂直的并同时平行于运输方向定向的型材壁；至少两个相对于一个型材壁对置的永久磁铁对，其中一个磁铁对由两个在运行方向上沿型材壁前后相继的，并基本上平行型材壁的，并且具有垂直于运行方向及在运行方向上交替定向的磁极的磁铁组成，它们相应的外部磁极通过一个铁磁扳短路；在磁铁与型梁壁之间及在运行方向上彼此相继的磁铁之间均各设有一个空气隙，其中载荷固定在磁铁上；及用于衡定地维持空气隙的机械装置，其特征在于：相对于型材壁(2)对置磁铁(1)的磁极总是具有相同的磁极定向(N-N、S-S)(排斥原理)。
2、根据权利要求1的磁力系统，其特征在于：设置了作为铁磁型梁（2）的一个向下开口的U形型材;在型材的内部、在两个垂直翼缘或侧壁之间设置了至少一个未短路的磁铁对（1）;及在型材侧壁的相应外侧均至少设置了一个磁铁对（1），其中每个均以同极性的磁面相对于垂直壁彼此对置（排斥原理）。
3、根据权利要求1或2的磁力系统，其特征在于：为了提高承载能力，具有相应磁铁（1）的多个型材（2）并列布置。
4、根据权利要求1的磁力系统，其特征在于：由该系统（1、2）运输的载荷（7）设置在型材/磁铁结构的上方（立置结构）。
5、根据权利要求1的磁力系统、其特征在于：由该系统（1、2）运输的载荷（7）设置在型材/磁铁结构的下方（悬挂结构）。
6、根据权利要求1的磁力系统，其特征在于：为了运在系统（1、2）中运输，设置了一个线性电动机（5）。
7、根据权利要求1的磁力系统，其特征在于：为了在系统（1、2）中实现与型材相互作用的运输，设置了至少被一个电动机操作的传动轮。
CN89108553A 1986-02-27 1987-02-27 用于无摩擦载重运输的磁力系统 Expired CN1014504B (zh)

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DE3635258A DE3635258C1 (de) 1986-02-27 1986-10-16 Magnetkraftsystem fuer reibungsarmen Transport von Lasten
NO874460A NO168571C (no) 1986-02-27 1987-10-26 Magnetkraftsystem for friksjonsfri transport av last
NO904687A NO174497B (no) 1986-02-27 1990-10-29 Magnetkraftsystem for lavfriksjonstransport av last

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