CN101449670A - Yellow meal worm larva breeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method of cultivating grubs of yellow meal worms, comprising the phases of: imago, wherein milter just hatched is white, gradually yellow brown, nigger-brown, then is black with lustrousness, when the body length of the imago grows to 14-19 mm, the imago starts to look for food, mate, lay eggs, and the imago has the habit of killing and devouring each other, moves about at day and night, appetite is large; egg, which is the same as granule in size, milk white in color, fragile, breakable, and mucilage is present on the outside of the egg; grub, which is very small when just hatched, milk white in color, starts to look for food after 1-2 days, and becomes the grub of 8-age after eight times of exuviation, then becomes pupae; pupae, which is large in head and small in tail when being just formed, milk white in color, becomes yellow and stiffened after a few days, and edge angles are present on the two sides. The inventive method is convenient in operation, suitable for cultivation in middle and large scale, high in yield, good in efficiency, free of pollution, and enclosed cultivation is performed.

Description

The cultural method of Yellow meal worm larva

Technical field

The invention belongs to the breed field of yellow mealworm, more specifically relate to a kind of cultural method of Yellow meal worm larva.

Background technology

From present circumstances, the cultural method of domestic relevant yellow mealworm, according to resulting raw material and processing method, the size that specially refers to the breed scale is with different, be divided into individual small-sized two kinds of different modes such as extensive intensive culture of culturing again, the product that is obtained is to be used for producing a kind of high protein feed that is rich in.In order to reduce aquaculture cost, use thick green fodder as culturing the basis in practice, the product that is obtained can not be used to class health food and medical material naturally.The 2nd, high-level scientific culture is used for extracting human edible and health food and medical raw material.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to be to provide a kind of cultural method of Yellow meal worm larva, method is easy, and is easy to operate, in being applicable to, the large-scale breed, and the output height, profitable, carry out enclosed breed, this cultural method is harmless pollution-free.

Studies have shown that: the bloom polypide contains very high protein and reaches elements such as abundant phosphorus, iron, potassium, sodium, calcium.Meet human life activity's needs fully.Especially open up new way once more for food, pharmaceutical raw material.

This invention in order to develop the comparatively complete cultural method of a cover at above-mentioned various requirement, is understood in order further yellow mealworm to be done one just, now is described as follows:

One, the principal character of yellow mealworm

Yellow mealworm also is high protein worm, bloom first, is commonly called as the bread worm, belongs to Insecta, powder genus.Its nutrient component exceeds all kinds of living animals, first of protein feed, is described as " protein feed treasure-house ", is not only the carnivorous feed of breeding famous and precious rare bird and special aquatic products animal, and further deepens the vital principle that is processed as needed by human body.

Two, yellow mealworm history of life

Yellow mealworm is the same with all insects, pass through the variation of ovum-larva-pupa-adult (moth) four attitudes.

1, ovum grain of rice size, milky, the about 1-1.2mm of major diameter is suitable for incubation temperature 19-30 ℃, relative moisture 60-80%, but the brooding time of ovum needs 20-25 days with temperature height Gao Yi in the time of 10-20 ℃, only needs 4-8 days in the time of 25-30 ℃.When ovum grew into 1-1.5mm, ovum was more crisp, easily broke, and ovum has mucus outward, and object is had adhewsive action, played the effect of protection oneself simultaneously.

2, the larva that just hatched of adult is very little, long 0.5-0.6mm milky, 1-2 days begin feed, it is long that larva stops eating about 1 day gradually to 2-3mm, after carry out casting off a skin the first time, after casting off a skin, become 8 instar larvaes through 8 times, become pupa then.

3, the big tail of pupa head that has just formed is little, milky, and flavescence hardening after several days, there are corner angle on both sides, long 15-20mm, male Yong mammillary process is less, and after the end was stretched to, female pupa mammillary process was big, to excurvation.

4, moth (adult) moth that begins to hatch gradually is yellowish-brown, dark-brown for white.Be converted into black after 2-3 days, glossy, become polypide long during to 14-19mm, begin to look for food, mating, lay eggs.Be fit to temperature 23-28 ℃, relative moisture 60-80%, if dry, adult has the habit that kills and devour mutually, diel movement is heavy.

Three, yellow mealworm life habit

1, the feed water content 15%, air themperature 50-80%.

2, food: wheat bran, corn flour, soya-bean cake, carrot, vegetable leaf, melon and fruit peel, leaf, weeds etc.

3, light: keep in dark place, larva, adult are comparatively outstanding, and female insect is not laid eggs under illumination.

4, happiness is gregarious kills each other, and temperature is too high, and feed density is excessive, and larva and adult can eat ovum, pupa when inanition, and mix to support the different length of times influences egg laying amount, and adult and larva can not be raised together with.

5, animal breeding habit: adult year can not creep when wing is degenerated, and larva creeps active, and for preventing to run away, raising the box inwall should be smooth as far as possible.Female, male imago phase fecundity ratio is 1: 1.05, and the life-span is the shortest 2 days, reaches 196 days most, and the back of sprouting wings began mate and oviposit in 3-4 days, average 28-120 of egg-laying period days, but the output in month of the ovum more than 60%, the feeding quality influence is laid eggs.

A kind of cultural method of Yellow meal worm larva, it comprises the following steps:

A, adult: just the adult that sprouts wings is a milky, and tender and lovely adult becomes hard gradually after 2 days, and the look browning is red, begins to get food, mating, lays eggs.The yellow mealworm feeding habits are assorted, and biological mostly in various agriculture and forestry product storehouses, as silo, feed storage, medicinal material storehouse etc., the article of every tool nutrient component all can be used as feed.The adult hind wing is degenerated, and can not fly, and creep speed is fast, and happiness is dark, keeps in dark place, and nocturnalism is more.In adult mating season, adult is to light and touch very responsively, has light to change slightly, touches or vibration just can directly influence its mating and lays eggs.The life-span of adult, the general life-span was 50-80 days between 45-150 days, and female worm egg production peak time is between back 12-32 days of sprouting wings, every of female worm egg laying amount between the 60-700 grain, average 280.Can prolong the egg-laying period if strengthen management and increase egg laying amount.As adopt mixed feed, and suitable humidity, humidity are provided, strengthen nursing, every female worm egg laying amount can reach the 880-980 grain, and it is very necessary suitably feed for adult containing the sugared water feed that has, and the growth of ovary need in time keep the skin wet and nutrition.Adult has internecine habit, and when feed and oligotrophy, adult can be got larva that food casting off a skin, similar pupa or the ovum of oneself.At this habit, the administrative skill in the breeding production is very important, and particularly aspect the breeding amount statistics, people have often ignored this habit and caused and catch up with loss.

B, ovum: yellow mealworm is wrapped on the chorion laying eggs and secreting many mucus simultaneously.Ovum often originates in feed or the powder, and ovum liquid adheres to a large amount of feeds, can play the effect of protecting ovum.Directly edible chorion of larva hatching and feed.The brooding time of ovum and environmental temperature, humidity are very big.When environmental temperature during at 25-35 ℃, the ovum phase is 5-7 days, and temperature is at 18-22 ℃, and the ovum phase is 12-18 days, and temperature is in the time of 13 ℃, and ovum is seldom hatched.Ovum incubation period ambient humidity is unsuitable too high, and air humidity is more suitable with 65-80%.Humidity is too high, can cause pieces of an egg to go mouldy, and reduces the incubation rate of ovum, and humidity is crossed to hang down and then can be caused incubation rate low, or makes worm's ovum shrivelled and dead.Ovum lethality in the winter time is very high, so ovum is difficult for surviving the winter.

C, larva: be generally the vegetative period of Yellow meal worm larva 75-120 days, and the longlyest reached 450 days, average 120 days vegetative period.The larva number of times of casting off a skin in life differs greatly, and minimum casting off a skin 8 times can be casted off a skin at most more than 20 times, generally passes through the 8-15 length of time (promptly casting off a skin 1 time is 1 length of time).The larva feeding habits are the same with adult, can directly influence growing of larva for different feeds but feed.Rational feed formula, nutrition preferably can be accelerated growth rate, reduces aquaculture cost.Larva happiness is dark, and group support density can promote group motion frequency, and friction generates heat mutually can promote polypide blood circulation and digestive function, enhanced activity at moving wall for larva.Larva is inactive state, begins from the head to cast off a skin, and the activity of often climbing before casting off a skin in the surface of feed begins to reduce.The larva that has just casted off a skin is a milky, and is very fragile, also is the easiest worm phase of being hurt.After about 20 hours early body gradually become yellowish-brown, body wall also increases firmly thereupon.Larva is the same with adult, also has the habit that mutual residual wound is got food, under the insufficient situation of feed, can get the similar of food oneself.The insect that often is subjected to similar injury has: the adult and the ovum of the larva that is casting off a skin, the larva that is pupating, pupa time, emergence just.Because the worm attitude of ecdysis remains static basically, the neopallium matter delicacy that the back of just having casted off a skin occurs is easy to by similar edible.If polypide sustains damage, its death and disability rate almost are 100%.Under uniform temperature, damp condition, feed nutrient is the key factor of larval growth.If feed with rational mixed feed, not only cost is low, and can accelerate its growth rate, improves breeding amount.If stop during the length of time feeding to 3-8 in larva length, the anti-famine of larva can reach more than 6 months.Utilize this habit of yellow mealworm, adjust best temperature, humidity in a large number in market demand, the optimum feed of feeding can promote that yellow mealworm grows fast, is called quick growth method; In recessed market demand hour, reduce temperature, humidity, rudimentary feeds such as the high fiber of feeding, low starch, low sugar are as fermented stalk feed etc., prolong the larval growth phase, reduce cost, be called the deceleration growth method, but work as temperature more than 28 ℃, larva is in 8 ages when above, adopt the deceleration growth method to reduce feed nutrition, nearly 30% larva can pupate in advance, instead can cause more losses.Thereby, no matter quick growth method or slow down growth all should begin before 8 length of times (about 25 millimeter of larva length).

D, pupa: can climb to the surface of feed when mature larva is pupated, be exposed on the feed, polypide is creamy white when just pupating, and body wall is softer, the next day gradually become faint yellow, it is harder that body surface also becomes, pupa can only lean on the twisting abdominal exercise, can not creep.Yellow meal worm larva all may kill and devour pupa at any time, with pupa as its food.Minor cut or wound as long as the body wall of pupa is broken by the teeth, change meeting death is sprouted wings and lopsided adult.Pupa time is also strict to temperature, humidity requirement, if temperature, humidity are improper, causes pupa time long or too short, and pupa is caught, and reduces survival rate.The pupa of yellow mealworm can normally turn into adult at 22-35 ℃.The lethality of pupa can increase under too high or too low temperature environment, seldom turns into normal adult.At northern area, as indoorly not heating winter, the survival rate of pupa is lower.Relative moisture suitable when pupa is sprouted wings should be 60-80%, and optimum temperature should be 23-30 ℃, and pupa dorsal fissure line was difficult for opening when humidity was excessive, and adult can be extremely in puparium, and the air too dry can cause adult shell difficulty, and deformity or dead takes place.

Described feed is: a kind of or any combination in wheat bran, corn flour, soya-bean cake, carrot, vegetable leaf, melon and fruit peel, leaf, the weeds.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:

1, purposes: yellow mealworm is as far back as France, Germany, Japan and Russia's beginning artificial feeding, along with the life and the variation in market spread all over Asia part country very soon, facts have proved that yellow mealworm not only has increases category day by day on purposes, and on the value that is suitable for, obvious effects has been arranged also.

2, basic role: both at home and abroad especially in higher country of living standard and field, not only yellow mealworm is processed into animal and fish, the best animal protein raw material of bird, and has been processed into and is made as dish that people give prominence to and has put and put on the dining table.

3, along with the progress and development of science and technology, with edible, medical treatment, health care and the drink of yellow mealworm fine finishining as people, existing in this regard more report.It can supply with body energy can increase body immunity again.

4, along with the progress and development of science, relevant composition in the bloom polypide is added in the liquid can antifreeze, freezing, can do cold drink, medicine, water tank of vehicle and industrial anti-icing fluid and freezing agent.

5, development is found, contains composition such as chitin in the bloom polypide and can be processed as fruit and vegetable volume increase ripener, cosmetics.Animal feed is medium-term and long-term feeds as yellow mealworm protein is added, thereby reaches the propagation of sensing diseases such as prevention rabid ox disease, aftosa or bird flu.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Family raises yellow mealworm, available washbasin, wooden case, watt cylinder, earthen basin, cement pit etc., and more than the dark 150cm, insect protected is escaped, and imago breeding equipment has 100cm * 50cm * 15cm four directions tub, and inner wall smooth can be stained with wide plastic band light.Larva raising equipment can be used 80cm * 50cm * 15cm four directions tub.Raising method, same industrial aquaculture, temperature, humidity, density are adjusted with climatic variation and area.

1, raising area is 30-50m ²Or it is bigger.

2, Winter heat supply mode: (1) underground flue, the flue route that connects design digs wide 35cm, the nearly dark 25cm of stove end, the nearly dark 15cm inclination of chimney end ditch, with brick 11cm height, the flue that 20cm is wide is spread brick and bilayer watt above in the ditch; (2) wall with flues (hot wall) is built hot wall in the larva house in, a connection stove, and the other end connects chimney, and the brick one-tenth that usefulness is fired is 25cm overhead, inside is accomplished the slope that raises gradually to the chimney direction.(3) coal stove incubator, be equipped with on coal stove top that galvanized iron sheet or plank are made umbrella shape or square cover forms, size requires pipe directly flue gas to be gone out outside it with the similar coal stove of electrothermal warmer, also to have one to enter towards the coal stove bottom so that oxygen to be provided, the size adjustment storm open according to the air inlet mouth of pipe, with the burning of control coal stove, to note room ventilation during use, guard against gas poisoning.

3, apparatus: (1) bolter, be used to separate larva and worm excrement, prepare 20 orders, 40 orders, 50 order steel wire or nylon mesh respectively, the plank that 1cm is thick is made frame all around, makes bolter.(2) ovigerous disk with rearing tray specification basically identical, is enclosed within the rearing tray, and tray bottom nails on the steel wire that mesh is 2-3mm, and mesh is unsuitable excessive, can not be too little, and insect protected is run away.(3) thermometer, moisture meter, old newspaper and blank sheet of paper, plastic casing, sprayer or kettle, tweezers, magnifying glass.

4, feed processing: the processing feed is preferably processed small grub, big larva and adult forage respectively, the small grub feed granules with below the diameter 0.5mm for well, big larva and adult forage particle are about 1-5mm, note containing amount of moisture and can not surpass 10%, note feed and worm excrement not being mixed, keep the feeding quality health.

5, yellow mealworm disease prevention and cure: (1) die back disease, generally occur in larva and pupa stage, symptom is not obvious, mainly easily take place in the season of drying, adult is rare, and cardinal symptom is that polypide is withered from the beginning to the end, blackening, and the method for control is: some green fodders of throwing something and feeding, a little ferment sheets and terramycin powder are mixed in watering in the feed on the ground.(2) soft rot is mainly in plum rain season, and air humidity is big, feed is unclean, and sieve causes polypide injured during worm, the biting mutually of larva, bacterial infection etc., symptom is for being slow in action, and appetite descends, ight soil is rare clearly, body blackening deliquescing, perish, mainly prevent and treat method: aeration-drying in the holding chamber, reduce or stop feed for nursing, can not feed the moldy metamorphism feed, clear up ight soil, isolation, remove sick worm, keep rational density, admix 0.5 kilogram of forage feed with 0.25g aureomycin powder.(3) other, gecko, mouse, birds, ant can work the mischief to worm, should thoroughly clean raising chamber, aperture of door is loaded onto gauze, the frame angle place powder that limes is prevented and treated.

Embodiment 2-scale canonical form is cultured:

1, batch production scientific culture: more than the feeding room area 300-500cm.

2, heat-supplying mode: (1) underground flue, the flue route that connects design digs wide 45cm, the nearly dark 30cm of stove end, with brick 18cm height, the flue that 25cm is wide is spread brick and bilayer watt above in the inclination ditch of the nearly dark 25cm of chimney end, ditch; (2) wall with flues (hot wall) is built hot wall in the larva house in, a connection stove, and the other end connects chimney, and the brick one-tenth that usefulness is fired is 30cm overhead, inside is accomplished the slope that raises gradually to the chimney direction.

3, apparatus: (1) raises box, tub of specification 70cm * 30cm * 15cm or 60cm * 25cm * 12cm, and rearing tray must be big or small consistent, and the bottom surface is smooth, the global shape standard, inwall is stained with parchamyn paper or plastic adhesive tape, guarantees that yellow mealworm can not escape.(2) raise frame, high 1.6-2.0m, with timber or steel be welded into frame all can, divide the 3-4 layer, every interlayer is put a dish for every layer every 50cm, also can set up on their own according to the house size.(3) bolter prepares 20 orders, 40 orders, 50 order steel wire or nylon mesh respectively, and the plank that 1cm is thick is made frame all around, makes bolter.(4) ovigerous disk with rearing tray specification basically identical, is enclosed within the rearing tray, and tray bottom nails on the steel wire that mesh is 2-3mm, and insect protected is run away.(3) thermometer, moisture meter, blank sheet of paper, plastic casing, sprayer or kettle, magnifying glass.

4, feed formula and processing: (1) larva prescription: wheat bran 70%, corn flour 25%, soybean meal 4.5%, feeding B B-complex 0.5%.(2) plant the worm prescription: pure flour (containing bran) 95%, corn flour 2%, royal jelly 0.2%, B B-complex 0.4%, feeding salt-mixture 2.4%.(3) adult and larvae feeds prescription, wheat bran 80%, corn bran 10%, multivitamin, mineral matter powder, terramycin 1%, wheat flour 4%, flour 3%, fish meal 6%, salt 0.3%.(4) egg-laying period adult forage: wheat bran 75%, wheat flour 15%, fish meal 4%, food chaff 4%, B B-complex 0.8%, mix salt 1.2%.(5) green fodder mainly with green vegetables, Chinese cabbage, radish, pericarp, potato,

, edible wild herbs etc.(6) feed processing: small grub feed processing granular with below the diameter 0.5mm for well, Mao becomes the morning feed granules to be advisable about 1-5mm.

5, yellow mealworm disease prevention and cure: (1) die back disease, generally occur in larva and pupa stage, adult is rare, and the method for control is: some green fodders of throwing something and feeding, a little aluzymes and terramycin powder etc. are mixed in watering in the feed on the ground.(2) soft rot, this disease is mainly in plum rain season, and feed is unclean, sieve causes polypide injured during worm, larva bite bacterial infection etc. mutually, its symptom is: be slow in action, appetite descends, and ight soil is rare clearly, body blackening deliquescing, perish, control: aeration-drying in the holding chamber, reduce or stop feeding, do not feed the moldy metamorphism feed, in time clear up ight soil, isolation, remove sick worm, prevent lakes and marhshes and keep rational density, admix 0.5 kilogram of forage feed with 0.25g aureomycin powder.(3) mite: multiple acarid is very harmful, causes the soft corruption of polypide, poor growth, and reproduction rate is low.Control: do one well, raising chamber is before use with formaldehyde and potassium permanganate sterilization.

6, yellow mealworm transportation and processing: (1) transportation, temperature can transport worm alive in the time of 10-25 ℃, can consider cooling and insulation according to the distance distance, and the high temperature worm can be used Plastic Drum, puts into suitable wheat bran before the dress for the way nutritional need.In processing, when yellow mealworm length arrived 2-3cm, except that screening face foot breeding, all the other all can be used as the raw material of raising deduction.Worm powder processing: bright worm is placed on to fry in the pot does or bright worm is placed on to boil in the boiling water and pulled out in dead 1-2 minute, put outer the drying of ventilating, also can put the drying chamber oven dry, pulverize with cracker and get final product.

Claims (1)

1. A kind of cultural method of Yellow meal worm larva, it comprises the following steps:

   A, adult: just the adult that sprouts wings is a milky, adult became hard after 2 days, and the look browning is red, began to get food, mating, lay eggs, the yellow mealworm feeding habits are assorted, move in the various agriculture and forestry product storehouses silo, feed storage, the medicinal material storehouse, the adult hind wing is degenerated, can not fly, creep, happiness is dark, keeps in dark place, nocturnalism, in adult mating season, adult is to light and touch responsively, and light changes, shake-up or vibration just can directly influence its mating and lay eggs, female worm egg production peak time to be between back 12-32 days of sprouting wings, and every of female worm egg laying amount adopts mixed feed between the 60-700 grain, humidity is provided, humidity, strengthen nursing, every female worm egg laying amount reaches the 880-980 grain, keeps the skin wet and nutrition to the adult water feed that has that contains sugar of feeding;

   B, ovum: yellow mealworm is laying eggs and is secreting many mucus simultaneously, be wrapped on the chorion, ovum often originates in feed or the powder, and ovum liquid adheres to feed, play the effect of protecting ovum, directly edible chorion of larva hatching and feed, the brooding time of ovum and environmental temperature, humidity, environmental temperature is in the time of 25-35 ℃, the ovum phase is 5-7 days, temperature is at 18-22 ℃, and the ovum phase is 12-18 days, and temperature is in the time of 13 ℃, ovum incubation period air humidity is 65-80%, humidity is too high, can cause pieces of an egg to go mouldy, and reduces the incubation rate of ovum, humidity is low excessively to cause incubation rate low, or making worm's ovum shrivelled and dead, ovum is the lethality height in the winter time, so ovum is difficult for surviving the winter.

   C, larva: be generally the vegetative period of Yellow meal worm larva 75-120 days, the larva number of times difference of casting off a skin in life is big, minimum casting off a skin 8 times, can cast off a skin at most 20 times, pass through the 8-15 length of time, the larva feeding habits are the same with adult, feed and directly to influence growing of larva for different feeds, rational feed formula, good nutrition, accelerate growth rate, reduce aquaculture cost, the larva happiness is dark, group support density promotes group's motion frequency, friction generates heat mutually promotes polypide blood circulation and digestive function at moving wall for larva, enhanced activity, and larva is inactive state, begin from the head to cast off a skin, the activity of often climbing before casting off a skin in the surface of feed begins to reduce, and the larva that has just casted off a skin is a milky, after 20 hours early body gradually become yellowish-brown, body wall also increases firmly thereupon, larva is the same with adult, the larva that is casting off a skin, the larva that is pupating, pupa time, firm adult and ovum of sprouting wings, the worm of ecdysis remains static, the neopallium matter delicacy that has occurred after just having casted off a skin, in temperature, under the damp condition, feed nutrient is the factor of larval growth, feeds with rational mixed feed, stop during the length of time feeding to 3-8 in larva length, the anti-famine of larva reaches 6 months, prolongs the larval growth phase, and temperature is at 28 ℃, larva is when 8 ages, adopt the deceleration growth method to reduce feed nutrition, have 30% larva to pupate in advance, all should be in 8 length of times;

   D, pupa: the surface that can climb to feed when mature larva is pupated, be exposed on the feed, polypide is creamy white when just pupating, body wall is softer, the next day gradually become faint yellow, it is hard that body surface also becomes, pupa can only lean on the twisting abdominal exercise, can not creep, the yellow mealworm larva that sleeps can both kill and devour pupa at any time, with pupa as its food, minor cut or wound as long as the body wall of pupa is broken by the teeth, change meeting death is sprouted wings and lopsided adult, and pupa time is to temperature, the humidity requirement strictness, temperature, humidity is improper, cause pupa time long or too short, the capital catches pupa, reduces survival rate, and the pupa of yellow mealworm can normally turn into adult at 22-35 ℃, the lethality of pupa can increase under too high or too low temperature environment, relative moisture when pupa is sprouted wings should be 60-80%, and optimum temperature should be 23-30 ℃, and pupa dorsal fissure line was difficult for opening when humidity was excessive, adult can be extremely in puparium, the air too dry can cause adult shell difficulty, and deformity or dead takes place;

   Described feed is a kind of or any combination in wheat bran, corn flour, soya-bean cake, carrot, vegetable leaf, melon and fruit peel, leaf, the weeds.