CN101447793B - Frequency mixer and direct down-conversion receiver - Google Patents
Frequency mixer and direct down-conversion receiver Download PDFInfo
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- CN101447793B CN101447793B CN 200810225011 CN200810225011A CN101447793B CN 101447793 B CN101447793 B CN 101447793B CN 200810225011 CN200810225011 CN 200810225011 CN 200810225011 A CN200810225011 A CN 200810225011A CN 101447793 B CN101447793 B CN 101447793B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency mixer which comprises a switching circuit, a down-conversion circuit, a load circuit and a capacitive impedance circuit, wherein, the frequency mixer comprises a switching tube M1 and a switching tube M2 connected in a differentiated way and is used for converting a radio-frequency voltage signal into a current signal, the down-conversion circuit comprises a common source switching tube pair M3, M4,, M5 and M6 connected in a differentiated way and is used for down-conversion of the current signal from the switching circuit to middle frequency or a baseband, the load circuit comprises a resistance R1 and a resistance R2 connected in a differentiated way and is used for converting the current signal after the down-conversion to a voltage signal, the capacitive impedance circuit is used for offsetting parasitic capacitance in common source point A of the switching tube pair M3 and M4 and/or the parasitic capacitance in common source point B of the switching tube pair M5 and M6. On the premise of not introducing extra power consumption, the frequency mixer and the direct down-conversion receiver in the invention can effectively eliminate flicker noise of the frequency mixer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the communications field, in particular to a kind of low noise down-conversion mixer and a kind of direct down-conversion receiver.
Background technology
In modern wireless telecommunications system, directly down-conversion receiver (Direct DownConversion Receiver) is low because of its cost, power consumption is little etc., and advantage obtains more and more general application.
Frequency mixer is the important devices in the direct down-conversion receiver.CMOS technology increases gradually at the field of semiconductor manufacture proportion, and the frequency mixer of at present direct down-conversion receiver adopts the gilbert's type frequency mixer based on CMOS technology usually.
The structure of traditional gilbert's type frequency mixer of CMOS technology as shown in Figure 1, it is made up of radio frequency input amplifying circuit, switching tube and load output circuit.The radio-frequency voltage signal is converted to current signal by input stage mutual conductance pipe M1, M2, through two switching tubes (M3, M4, M5, M6) is down-converted to intermediate frequency or base band again, amplifies output by load resistance R1, R2 at last.Because the existence of switching tube common source A point and B point parasitic capacitance Cp1 and Cp2, this frequency mixer can produce higher low frequency flicker noise output in the course of the work.This shows that traditional gilbert's type frequency mixer of CMOS technology becomes the main contribution source of flicker noise in the direct down-conversion receiver, is difficult to satisfy the requirement of direct down-conversion receiver for flicker noise.
It is the simplified model of gilbert's type frequency mixer that Fig. 2 shows.Its low frequency flicker mechanism of noise generation is: switching tube M2 and switching tube M3 that local oscillations source VLo drives frequency mixer switch with characteristic frequency, the low frequency flicker noise source Vfn of switching tube is along with the switching of switching tube is carried out repeated charge to the common source parasitic capacitance Cp of switching tube, thereby on common source A point, form a current noise, its noise level is directly proportional with Cp, and centre frequency is a local oscillating frequency.This current noise is down-converted to load stage by switching tube again, thereby forms the output of frequency mixer low frequency flicker noise.
The noise reduction means of tradition gilbert type frequency mixer is to reduce electric current by switching tube by inject direct current I1 and current source I2 to common source A, the B of switching tube point, thus the flicker noise of reduction frequency mixer.
In realizing process of the present invention, the inventor finds that prior art is in order to reduce the frequency mixer flicker noise, need reduce to flow through the electric current of switching tube, but this method is because be the size that reduces frequency mixer flicker noise source passively, so limited for the Noise Suppression effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of low noise down-conversion mixer, can solve the bigger problem of down-conversion mixer flicker noise of prior art.
In an embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of down-conversion mixer that is used to reduce flicker noise, having comprised: change-over circuit, it comprises switching tube M1 and switching tube M2 that difference connects, being used for the radio-frequency voltage conversion of signals is current signal; Lower frequency changer circuit, it comprise switching tube that difference connects to M3 and M4 and switching tube to M5 and M6, be used for a current signal that is flowed out by described change-over circuit is down-converted to intermediate frequency or base band; Load circuit, it comprises resistance R 1 and resistance R 2 that difference connects, is used for changing the current signal after the down-conversion into voltage signal; The capacitive reactances circuit is used to offset the parasitic capacitance that switching tube is ordered to the common source B of M5 and M6 to common source A point and/or the switching tube of M3 and M4.
Preferably, the capacitive reactances circuit comprises inverter U1, switching tube M11 and capacitor Cs1, and inverter U1 is arranged at switching tube between the common source A point of M3 and M4 or the switching tube grid to the common source B point of M5 and M6 and switching tube M11; The drain electrode of switching tube M11 links to each other to the common source A point of M3 and M4 or the switching tube common source B point to M5 and M6 with switching tube respectively; Capacitor Cs1 is arranged between the source electrode and ground of switching tube M11.
Preferably, inverter is a unity gain inverter.
Preferably, the capacitive reactances circuit comprises capacitor Cs, current source I1 and current source I2 and switching tube M7 and switching tube M8, and the drain electrode of switching tube M7 and switching tube M8 links to each other with the B point with the common source A point of switching tube to M5 and M6 with M4 to M3 with switching tube respectively; The grid of switching tube M7 and switching tube M8 and intersected with each other linking to each other of drain electrode; Capacitor Cs is arranged between the source electrode of switching tube M7 and switching tube M8; Current source I1 and current source I2 are arranged at respectively between the source electrode and ground of switching tube M7 and switching tube M8.
Preferably, current source comprises switching tube M9 and switching tube M10, and wherein switching tube M9 is connected bias current sources with the grid of switching tube M10, and its source electrode links to each other with reference voltage VDD respectively, and its drain electrode links to each other with the source electrode of switching tube M8 with switching tube M7 respectively.
Preferably, above-mentioned switching tube is the CMOS pipe.
In an embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of direct down-conversion receiver, it comprises above-mentioned any frequency mixer.
The foregoing description provides has frequency mixer and the direct down-conversion receiver that flicker noise suppresses ability, it is by connecting the circuit with capacitive input impedance characteristic on mixer switches pipe common source, offset the parasitic capacitance of this point, thereby suppress flicker noise.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the application's a part, and illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper qualification of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram according to a kind of pair of difference gilbert type frequency mixer of correlation technique;
Fig. 2 shows the simplified electrical circuit diagram of gilbert's type frequency mixer of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 shows the circuit diagram of the gilbert's type frequency mixer that comprises noise canceller circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 shows the single-ended source electric capacity degeneration way of realization circuit diagram of capacitive reactances circuit L1 and capacitive reactances circuit L2 according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 shows the differential source electrode capacitance degeneration way of realization circuit diagram of capacitive reactances circuit L1 and capacitive reactances circuit L2 according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 shows the circuit diagram of gilbert's type frequency mixer according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments, describe the present invention in detail.
Figure 3 shows that the circuit diagram that comprises gilbert's type frequency mixer of capacitive reactances circuit of the present invention, comprising:
Change-over circuit, it comprises switching tube M1 and the switching tube M2 that constitutes difference channel, being used for the radio-frequency voltage conversion of signals is current signal;
Lower frequency changer circuit, it comprise the switching tube that constitutes difference channel to M3 and M4 and switching tube to M5 and M6, be used for a current signal that is flowed out by change-over circuit is down-converted to intermediate frequency or base band;
Load circuit, it comprises resistance R 1 and the resistance R 2 that constitutes difference channel, is used for changing the current signal after the down-conversion into voltage signal; And
Capacitive reactances circuit L1 and capacitive reactances circuit L2 are used for offsetting the parasitic capacitance (being Cp1 and the Cp2 of Fig. 3) that described switching tube is ordered to common source A point and the B of M5 and M6 to M3 and M4 and switching tube.
The capacitive reactances circuit L1 of this embodiment is connected an active capacitor with capacitive reactances circuit L2 at the switching tube common source, can balance out the parasitic capacitance Cp of this point, then be equivalent to cut off the switching tube flicker noise to earth-return, thereby effectively reduce the flicker noise level of frequency mixer, therefore realized effective noise elimination circuit.
In the circuit working bandwidth, its input impedance of seeing into from input point A point or B point is a negative capacitive reactance, its size is relevant with the Cs value, capacitance by choose reasonable Cs, capacitive input impedance and common source parasitic capacitance Cp1 and parasitic capacitance Cp2 are offset just, reach the purpose that the flicker noise that significantly improves frequency mixer suppresses ability.
Fig. 4 shows the single-ended source electric capacity degeneration way of realization circuit diagram of capacitive reactances circuit according to an embodiment of the invention, and it comprises: inverter U1, switching tube M11 and capacitor Cs1, wherein,
Inverter U1 is arranged at switching tube between M3 and M4 common source A point or the switching tube grid to the common source B point of M5 and M6 and switching tube M11;
The drain electrode of switching tube M11 and switching tube link to each other to M3 and M4 common source A point or the switching tube common source B point to M5 and M6;
Capacitor Cs1 is arranged between the source electrode and ground of switching tube M11.
Preferably, inverter U1 is a unity gain inverter, and promptly gain is for-1.
Preferably, mixer comprises two above-mentioned capacitive reactances circuit, connects switching tube respectively to M3 and M4 common source A point and the switching tube common source B point to M5 and M6.
Preferably, switching tube M1, switching tube M2, switching tube M3, switching tube M4, switching tube M5, switching tube M6 and switching tube M11 are the CMOS pipe.
Fig. 5 shows the differential source electrode capacitance degeneration way of realization circuit diagram of capacitive reactances circuit according to an embodiment of the invention, comprising: capacitor Cs, current source I1 and current source I2 and switching tube M7 and switching tube M8, wherein
The drain electrode of switching tube M7 and switching tube M8 links to each other with the B point with the common source A of switching tube to M5 and M6 with M4 to M3 with switching tube respectively;
The grid of switching tube M7 and switching tube M8 and intersected with each other linking to each other of drain electrode;
Capacitor Cs is arranged between the source electrode of described switching tube M7 and switching tube M8;
Current source I1 and current source I2 are arranged at respectively between the source electrode and ground of described switching tube M7 and switching tube M8.
Switching tube M7 and switching tube M8 are the differential transconductance amplifier tube in the circuit of Fig. 5, its grid and the drain electrode difference input point that is connected to form intersected with each other.Two over the ground source-electrode degradation electric capacity merge into a differential capacitance Cs, two ends link to each other with the source electrode of switching tube M8 with switching tube M7 respectively.Switching tube M7 and switching tube M8 provide operating current respectively by DC current source I1 and current source I2.Two paths of signals in the difference channel of this embodiment is anti-phase each other, can save the unity gain inverter in Fig. 4 circuit.
Preferably, switching tube M1, switching tube M2, switching tube M3, switching tube M4, switching tube M5, switching tube M6, switching tube M7 and switching tube M8 are the CMOS pipe.
Fig. 6 shows the circuit diagram of gilbert's type frequency mixer according to an embodiment of the invention, comprising: change-over circuit, and it comprises switching tube M1 and the switching tube M2 that constitutes difference channel, being used for the radio-frequency voltage conversion of signals is current signal; Lower frequency changer circuit, it comprise the switching tube that constitutes difference channel to M3 and M4 and switching tube to M5 and M6, be used for a current signal that is flowed out by change-over circuit is down-converted to intermediate frequency or base band; Load circuit, it comprises resistance R 1 and the resistance R 2 that constitutes difference channel, is used for changing the current signal after the down-conversion into voltage signal; The capacitive reactances circuit is used to offset parasitic capacitance Cp1 and parasitic capacitance Cp2 that switching tube is ordered to common source A and the B of M5 and M6 to M3 and M4 and switching tube.
Capacitive reactances circuit among this figure comprises: switching tube M7, switching tube M8, switching tube M9, switching tube M10 and capacitor Cs, wherein,
The grid of switching tube M9 and switching tube M10 links to each other with biasing circuit and forms current source, and its source electrode links to each other with reference voltage VDD respectively, and its source electrode with switching tube M7 and switching tube M8 of draining respectively is connected to it provides electric current;
Connect a difference source-electrode degradation capacitor C s between the source electrode of switching tube M7 and switching tube M8, simultaneously the grid of switching tube M7 and switching tube M8 and intersected with each other connection of drain electrode;
The drain electrode of switching tube M7 and switching tube M8 links to each other with the B point with the common source A of switching tube to M5 and M6 with M4 to M3 with switching tube respectively.
Preferably, switching tube M1, switching tube M2, switching tube M3, switching tube M4, switching tube M5, switching tube M6, switching tube M7, switching tube M8, switching tube M9 and switching tube M10 are the CMOS pipe.
This embodiment has provided bias current sources I1 among Fig. 5 and the implementation of I2.
In Fig. 3-6, switching tube is P channel MOS tube or N-channel MOS pipe.But the present invention does not limit therewith, in other embodiments of the invention, these switching tubes also be chosen as with Fig. 3-6 in the N-channel MOS pipe or the P channel MOS tube of metal-oxide-semiconductor type opposite.
In an embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of direct down-conversion receiver, it comprises above-mentioned any frequency mixer, so just can reduce the flicker noise in the direct down-conversion receiver.
The foregoing description is offset the parasitic capacitance of this point by connect the circuit with capacitive input impedance characteristic on mixer switches pipe common source, thereby suppresses the frequency mixer flicker noise.Capacitive input impedance circuit can adopt active circuit to realize, with the direct current injection circuit merging of switching tube common source, can not introduce extra power consumption for frequency mixer, can also reduce the electric current by switching tube simultaneously, realizes lower flicker noise level.
Simultaneously, traditional gilbert's type frequency mixer reduces the linearity that the switching tube electric current also can worsen frequency mixer, and the frequency mixer of the above embodiment of the present invention does not rely on minimizing switching tube electric current realization noise reduction purpose merely, and is therefore smaller to the influence of mixer linearity degree.
The above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a frequency mixer is characterized in that, comprising:
Change-over circuit, it comprises switching tube M1 and switching tube M2 that difference connects, being used for the radio-frequency voltage conversion of signals is current signal;
Lower frequency changer circuit, it comprise common source switching tube that difference connects to M3 and M4 and common source switching tube to M5 and M6, be used for the current signal by described change-over circuit outflow is down-converted to intermediate frequency or base band;
Load circuit, it comprises resistance R 1 and resistance R 2 that difference connects, is used for changing the current signal after the down-conversion into voltage signal;
The capacitive reactances circuit is used to offset the parasitic capacitance that described switching tube is ordered to the common source B of M5 and M6 to common source A point and/or the switching tube of M3 and M4, wherein,
Described capacitive reactances circuit comprises: capacitor Cs, current source I1 and current source I2 and switching tube M7 and switching tube M8, wherein
The drain electrode of described switching tube M7 and switching tube M8 links to each other with described common source A, B point respectively, the grid of described switching tube M7 and switching tube M8 and intersected with each other linking to each other of drain electrode;
Described capacitor Cs is arranged between the source electrode of described switching tube M7 and switching tube M8;
Described current source I1 and current source I2 are arranged at respectively between the source electrode and ground of described switching tube M7 and switching tube M8.
2. frequency mixer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described current source comprises:
Switching tube M9 and switching tube M10, wherein
The grid of described switching tube M9 and switching tube M10 is connected bias current sources Vb, and its source electrode links to each other with reference voltage VDD respectively, and its drain electrode links to each other with the source electrode of described switching tube M7 and switching tube M8 respectively.
3. frequency mixer according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described switching tube M1-M6 is the CMOS pipe.
4. frequency mixer according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described switching tube M7-M10 is the CMOS pipe.
5. a direct down-conversion receiver is characterized in that, comprises each described frequency mixer among the claim 1-4.
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| CN101447793B true CN101447793B (en) | 2013-07-24 |
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| TWI549422B (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-09-11 | Univ Nat Chi Nan | Mixed circuit |
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| US9184957B2 (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2015-11-10 | Intel Corporation | High speed receivers circuits and methods |
| CN104242823B (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2017-10-10 | 锐迪科微电子科技（上海）有限公司 | It is mixed on-off circuit and frequency mixer |
| WO2020172893A1 (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Frequency mixer and communication device |
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| CN101079592A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-11-28 | 复旦大学 | A CMOS lower frequency mixed restraining noise of local vibration switch pipe |
| CN201294486Y (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2009-08-19 | 北京朗波芯微技术有限公司 | Mixer and direct down-conversion receiver |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101079592A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2007-11-28 | 复旦大学 | A CMOS lower frequency mixed restraining noise of local vibration switch pipe |
| CN201294486Y (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2009-08-19 | 北京朗波芯微技术有限公司 | Mixer and direct down-conversion receiver |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 池保勇.9.3 电流换向有源混频器.《CMOS 射频集成电路分析与设计 》.清华大学出版社,2006, * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI549422B (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-09-11 | Univ Nat Chi Nan | Mixed circuit |
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Inventor after: Liu Ruifeng Inventor after: Ma Xinlong Inventor after: Wang Wenshen Inventor before: Ma Xinlong Inventor before: Wang Wenshen |
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Effective date of registration: 20151008 Address after: 300457, Tianjin Development Zone, Fourth Avenue, No. 80, Tian Da Science and Technology Park, block A1, Room 201, room 2 Patentee after: TIANJIN LANGBO MICROELECTRONICS CO.,LTD. Address before: 100084 Haidian District Beijing Tsinghua Science and Technology Park Venture Building 507 Patentee before: RF MICROELECTRONICS Corp. |
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