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CN101447590A - Additive for lithium-ion secondary battery electrolyte and battery thereof - Google Patents

Additive for lithium-ion secondary battery electrolyte and battery thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101447590A
CN101447590A CNA2008102206041A CN200810220604A CN101447590A CN 101447590 A CN101447590 A CN 101447590A CN A2008102206041 A CNA2008102206041 A CN A2008102206041A CN 200810220604 A CN200810220604 A CN 200810220604A CN 101447590 A CN101447590 A CN 101447590A
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lithium
electrolyte
additive
dinitrile
ion secondary
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Inventor
陈京才
夏信德
童叶翔
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PENGHUI BATTERY CO Ltd GUANGZHOU
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PENGHUI BATTERY CO Ltd GUANGZHOU
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention provides an additive for a lithium-ion secondary battery electrolyte and a battery thereof, and belongs to the battery field. The additive for the lithium-ion secondary battery electrolyte is an organic dinitrile substance, the chemical general formula thereof is NC-R-CN, wherein, R represents C1-C15 hydrocarbyl, and the organic dinitrile substance can be selected from one or more than two of compounds of malononitrile, butanedinitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimelonitrile, hexamethylene dicyanide, azelaic dinitrile, sebaconitrile, benzene dinitrile and naphthalene dinitrile. The additive which can react with water to form amide is added to the electrolyte and the additive reacts with the water in the battery, thus eliminating deterioration impact of water in the lithium-ion secondary battery on the battery performance, and obviously improving storability of the lithium-ion secondary battery.

Description

Electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery additive and battery thereof
Technical field
Electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery additive of the present invention and battery thereof belong to field of batteries, particularly relate to non water solvent electrolysis additive that can improve the lithium rechargeable battery storage stability and the lithium rechargeable battery that uses this additive.
Background technology
Recently, along with mobile communication industry and electronics and information industry develop rapidly, in light weight, the demand of high-capacity lithium-ion secondary cell is more and more.Especially, lithium rechargeable battery is compared with other conventional batteries, has the energy density of higher driving voltage and Geng Gao.Portable electric appts, as mobile phone, notebook computer, MP3 player or portable video player are more popular than in the past in recent years.Increasing market needs these products to have the higher and lighter battery of weight of energy density.Recently, Li-Ion rechargeable battery is owing to its high-energy-density, and the durability and the weight of long circulation life are lighter, are widely used in most of portable type electronic product.
But lithium rechargeable battery uses organic electrolyte.This electrolyte is dissolved in the organic solvent by one or more conducting salts and forms, and the conducting salt that present commercial electrolyte uses mainly is lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF 6).LiPF 6Have excellent electrochemical stability and conductivity, yet but have thermal instability and facile hydrolysis, its reaction mechanism is generally acknowledged as follows:
LiPF 6→LiF+PF 5 (1)
LiPF 6+H 2O→2HF+LiF+POF 3 (2)
The hydrolysis of LiPF6 is by water (H in the battery 2O) and acid impurities cause thereby water (H 2O) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) in battery, do not wish to exist.Highly acid HF can cause battery can damage in storage process neutrality, and the solid-state electrolytic solution interface (SEI) such as destroying the negative material surface causes the reaction of lithiumation negative pole and electrolyte, causes capacitance loss.In addition, highly acid HF can also cause the dissolving of positive electrode active materials, causes battery capacity to reduce, even because the metal ion of dissolving forms dendrite at the negative pole reduce deposition, causes the inside battery micro-short circuit.Thereby the control of the moisture of electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery and HF, seem extremely important.
For addressing the above problem, many solutions have been proposed, for example patent U.S.Pat No.5378445 discloses and added ammonia in electrolyte, prevents LiPF 6Acid catalyzed decomposition, yet ammonia and may produce adverse influence to battery performance with the existence of product in electric liquid that HF forms.Patent U.S.PubNo.20060269844A1 discloses and added the triazines material in electrolyte, and with elimination moisture and acidic materials, yet the product that this method produces may produce adverse influence to the conduction of lithium ion.These methods can not be eliminated non-electrolyte part in addition, as residual moisture in the pole piece and sour influence to battery.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to avoid weak point of the prior art and a kind of electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery additive that can eliminate electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery residual moisture and HF is provided.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery of eliminating electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery residual moisture and HF that uses.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of battery that uses the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery additive of eliminating electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery residual moisture and HF.
Of the present invention discovering, by in electrolyte, add can with the additive of moisture and acid reaction, remove and can control in the electrolyte outside the moisture and acidity, can also eliminate non-electrolyte part, as residual moisture in the pole piece and acid influence to battery.In electrolyte, add organic dintrile class material, can realize purpose of the present invention.Nitriles substance can react with water in the acid effect, forms acid amides.Add nitriles substance in electrolyte, the part of additive can be eliminated moisture and acid on the one hand, and on the other hand, the amide substance of generation itself is again non-electroactive substance.After electrolyte injects battery, rest additive can also continue moisture and the acid effect remaining with the non-electrolyte part of battery, overcome traditional electrolyte and can't eliminate the deficiency of non-electrolyte part residual moisture and acid, this additive can avoid adding the adverse effect that highly basic class material brings in electrolyte simultaneously.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following measure: the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery additive is organic two nitrile materials, and chemical general formula is: NC-R-CN, wherein R represents the C1-C15 alkyl.
Organic two nitrile materials can be selected from malononitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimelic dinitrile, hexamethylene dicyanide, azelaic dinitrile, sebacic dinitrile, benzene dinitrile, the mixture of one or two or more kinds in the naphthalene dinitrile compound.
Organic two nitrile materials can be preferably from malononitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, the mixture of one or two or more kinds in the benzene dinitrile compound.
Organic two nitrile materials are malononitrile preferably, succinonitrile, the mixture of one or two or more kinds of benzene dinitrile.
The invention provides a kind of electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery, additive of the present invention adds the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery that forms behind the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery, has after storage than obvious HF and the H that reduces of the electrolyte of conventional method configuration 2O content.
Electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery comprises following composition:
Additive of the present invention,
Solvent,
Lithium ion conducting salt,
The consumption of additive of the present invention is the 0.01%-3% based on electrolyte weight, is preferably 0.1%-2%, more preferably 0.5%-1%.
Solvent is selected from aprotic organic solvent, can be a kind of solvent or multiple solvent.Useful solvent comprises: propene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene (BC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), carbonic acid first propyl ester (PMC), ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester, oxolane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1, the 3-dioxolane, 1, the 4-dioxolane, 1, the 2-dimethoxy-ethane, 1, the 2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxy ethane, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, the triphen phosphate, the mixture combination of one or two or more kinds in the gamma-butyrolacton.
Lithium ion conducting salt is selected from: LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6, LiClO 4, LiCF 3SO 3, Li (CF 3SO 3) 2N, LiC (CF 3SO 2) 3, the mixture combination of one or two or more kinds in the biethyl diacid lithium borate (LiBOB).The concentration of lithium ion conducting salt can be 0.01-2.5Mol/L (M), is preferably 0.05-2.0Mol/L (M), more preferably 0.1-1.6Mol/L (M).Lithium ion conducting salt is preferably and contains LiPF 6
Electrolyte can further comprise other additives, as: vinylene carbonate (VC), benzene sulfone (PS), cyclohexyl benzene (CHB) etc.
In solvent, add lithium ion conducting salt and form electrolyte, add additive of the present invention again.Form electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of lithium rechargeable battery, battery comprises by negative pole, the barrier film that is used to isolate positive pole and negative pole, the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention of positive pole, absorption and the release lithium of absorption and release lithium and forming, organic two nitrile material additives that can form acid amides have been added in the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention with the water reaction, this battery has used electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery of the present invention, residual moisture and fluohydric acid content in the battery greatly reduce, and the storge quality and the cycle performance of battery are greatly improved.
Lithium ion secondary battery positive electrode of the present invention comprises the active material of can be reversible deviate from and slipping into lithium.Active material is selected from: LiMnO 2, LiMn 2O 4, LiCoO 2, Li 2Cr 2O 7, Li 2CrO 4, LiNiO 2, LiFeO 2, LiNi xCo 1-xOO 2(0<x<1), LiFePO 4, Li 3VPO 4, LiMn 0.5Ni 0.5O 2, LiMn 1/3Co 1/3Ni 1/3O 2In one or two or more kinds mixture combination.
Lithium ion secondary battery negative pole of the present invention comprises the active material of can be reversible deviate from and slipping into lithium.Active material is selected from: carbon material and alloy material.Described carbon material comprises from pyrocarbon, coke, graphite, carbon fiber, carbon nano-tube, carbon gel, activated carbon, carbonaceous mesophase spherules etc.; Described alloy comprises Si base alloy and Sn base alloy.
Anodal and negative pole can comprise adhesive, as: Kynoar (PVDF), butadiene-styrene latex (SBR), polymethacrylates (PMMA) and combination thereof.
Anodal and negative pole can comprise conductive agent, as: graphite, carbon black, the mixture combination of one or two or more kinds in the acetylene black.
Electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery comprises following composition:
Additive of the present invention,
Solvent,
Lithium ion conducting salt,
The consumption of additive of the present invention is the 0.01%-3% based on electrolyte weight, is preferably 0.1%-2%, more preferably 0.5%-1%.
Solvent is selected from aprotic organic solvent, can be a kind of solvent or multiple solvent.Useful solvent comprises: propene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene (BC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), carbonic acid first propyl ester (PMC), ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester, oxolane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1, the 3-dioxolane, 1, the 4-dioxolane, 1, the 2-dimethoxy-ethane, 1, the 2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxy ethane, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, the triphen phosphate, the mixture combination of one or two or more kinds in the gamma-butyrolacton.
Lithium ion conducting salt is selected from: LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6, LiClO 4, LiCF 3SO 3, Li (CF 3SO 3) 2N, LiC (CF 3SO 2) 3, the mixture combination of one or two or more kinds in the biethyl diacid lithium borate (LiBOB).The concentration of lithium ion conducting salt can be 0.01-2.5Mol/L, is preferably 0.05-2.0Mol/L, more preferably 0.1-1.6Mol/L.Lithium ion conducting salt is preferably and contains LiPF 6
Electrolyte can further comprise other additives, as: vinylene carbonate (VC), benzene sulfone (PS), cyclohexyl benzene (CHB) etc.
The present invention adds the additive that can form acid amides with the water reaction in electrolyte, because the reaction of moisture in additive and the battery, thereby eliminated the deleterious effects that moisture causes battery performance in the lithium rechargeable battery, the storge quality of lithium rechargeable battery significantly improves.
Description of drawings
1C charge and discharge cycles capacity retention performance after 60 ℃ of storages of battery of the accompanying drawing 1 demonstration embodiment of the invention 3 and Comparative Examples 3.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1: followingly by specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
Get ethylene carbonate (EC) after refining, carbonic acid Methylethyl ester (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) by volume 1:1:1 in glove box, mix, add anhydrous lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6) then, be made into the solution of 1.0Mol/L, add anhydrous succinonitrile (SN) at last based on electrolyte weight 1%.The electrolyte of making airtight good after, store 7 days down at 60 ℃.Measure the content that stores front and back hydrofluoric acid (HF) according to classical acid alkalimetric titration method; Measure the content that stores front and back moisture (H2O) according to Ka Er-Fei Xiu titration method.HF and H 2The content of O the results are shown in Table 1 in ppm.
Comparative Examples 1:
Press embodiment 1 same procedure and make electrolyte and mensuration, unique different be not add anhydrous succinonitrile (SN), the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Figure A200810220604D00081
Embodiment 2:
LiFePO4 is as positive active material, and carbon black is as conductive agent, and Kynoar (PVDF) is as adhesive, and weight ratio is 85:10:5, and said mixture is scattered in preparation slurry in the N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP).Slurry evenly is coated on the aluminium foil, vacuumize, roll-in is cut into the shape that needs.Graphite is as active material, and acetylene black is as conductive agent, and Kynoar (PVDF) disperses the preparation slurry as adhesive according to the 85:10:5 weight ratio in N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP).Slurry evenly is coated on the Copper Foil, vacuumize, roll-in is cut into the shape that needs.Use embodiment 1 to contain the electrolyte of SN additive, the microporous polypropylene film is made AA cylindrical lithium ion secondary cell as barrier film by conventional method.After battery is made, change into according to a conventional method, 60 ℃ of storages detect battery open circuit voltage, the results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative Examples 2: make and test battery according to the methods that embodiment 2 is identical, unique different be the electrolyte that electric liquid adopts Comparative Examples 1 configuration.Test result sees Table 2.
Table 2
Figure A200810220604D00091
Embodiment 3:
60 ℃ of battery 1C that store after 7 days that get embodiment 1 making charge and discharge circulation, charging cut-ff voltage 3.8V, discharge cut-off voltage 0V.The results are shown in Figure 1.
Comparative Examples 3: 60 ℃ of battery 1C that store after 7 days that get Comparative Examples 1 making charge and discharge circulation, charging cut-ff voltage 3.8V, discharge cut-off voltage 0V.The results are shown in Figure 1.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery additive is characterized in that additive is organic two nitrile materials.
2, electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery additive according to claim 1 is characterized in that organic two nitrile materials, and chemical general formula is: NC-R-CN, wherein R represents the C1-C15 alkyl.
3, electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery additive according to claim 2, it is characterized in that organic two nitrile materials are selected from malononitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimelic dinitrile, hexamethylene dicyanide, azelaic dinitrile, sebacic dinitrile, benzene dinitrile, the mixture of one or two or more kinds in the naphthalene dinitrile compound, the consumption of additive are the 0.01%-3% of electrolyte weight.
4, electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery additive according to claim 2 is characterized in that organic two nitrile materials are selected from malononitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, the mixture of one or two or more kinds in the benzene dinitrile compound, the consumption of additive are the 0.1%-2% of electrolyte weight.
5, electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery additive according to claim 2 is characterized in that organic two nitrile materials are selected from malononitrile, succinonitrile, and the mixture of one or two or more kinds of benzene dinitrile, the consumption of additive are the 0.5%-1% of electrolyte weight.
6, a kind of electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery, electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery comprises following composition: additive, solvent, lithium ion conducting salt is characterized in that additive is a malononitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimelic dinitrile, hexamethylene dicyanide, azelaic dinitrile, sebacic dinitrile, benzene dinitrile, the mixture of one or two or more kinds in the naphthalene dinitrile compound, the consumption of additive are the 0.01%-3% of electrolyte weight.
7, electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery according to claim 6 is characterized in that the consumption of additive is the 0.5%-1% of electrolyte weight, and solvent is selected from propene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, carbonic acid first propyl ester, ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester, oxolane, the 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1, the 3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxolane, 1, the 2-dimethoxy-ethane, 1, the 2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxy ethane, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, the triphen phosphate, the mixture combination of one or two or more kinds in the gamma-butyrolacton, lithium ion conducting salt is selected from LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6, LiClO 4, LiCF 3SO 3, Li (CF 3SO 3) 2N, LiC (CF 3SO 2) 3, the mixture combination of one or two or more kinds in the biethyl diacid lithium borate, the concentration of lithium ion conducting salt is 0.01-2.5Mol/L.
8, electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery according to claim 6, the consumption that it is characterized in that additive is the 0.5%-1% of electrolyte weight, lithium ion conducting salt is LiPF 6, the lithium ion conducting salinity is 0.1-1.6Mol/L.
9, a kind of lithium rechargeable battery, battery comprises absorption and discharges negative pole, the barrier film that is used to isolate positive pole and negative pole, the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery of positive pole, absorption and the release lithium of lithium, it is characterized in that having added in the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery organic two nitrile material additives.
10, lithium rechargeable battery according to claim 9 is characterized in that organic two nitrile materials, and chemical general formula is: NC-R-CN, wherein R represents the C1-C15 alkyl, and organic two nitrile materials are selected from malononitrile, succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimelic dinitrile, hexamethylene dicyanide, azelaic dinitrile, sebacic dinitrile, benzene dinitrile, the mixture of one or two or more kinds in the naphthalene dinitrile compound, the consumption of additive are the 0.01%-3% of electrolyte weight.
CNA2008102206041A 2008-12-26 2008-12-26 Additive for lithium-ion secondary battery electrolyte and battery thereof Pending CN101447590A (en)

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CN102780037A (en) * 2012-07-19 2012-11-14 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Nonaqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery containing same
WO2015088053A1 (en) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-18 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery, and lithium secondary battery including same
CN105340038A (en) * 2013-06-26 2016-02-17 大金工业株式会社 Electrolyte solution and electrochemical device
CN105591156A (en) * 2016-01-04 2016-05-18 东莞市凯欣电池材料有限公司 Electrolyte containing tricyanobenzene and lithium ion secondary battery containing electrolyte
CN107910586A (en) * 2017-11-07 2018-04-13 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 A kind of electrolyte and the lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte
CN109638212A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-04-16 东莞锂威能源科技有限公司 A kind of high magnification fast charge lithium ion battery
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CN111244542A (en) * 2020-03-21 2020-06-05 湖州安和材料科技有限公司 Low-temperature-resistant lithium battery electrolyte and preparation process thereof
CN111463478A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-07-28 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Solid-state battery comprising interface buffer layer and preparation method thereof
CN112713305A (en) * 2019-10-25 2021-04-27 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Electrolyte for lithium battery and preparation method and application thereof
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WO2015088053A1 (en) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-18 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery, and lithium secondary battery including same
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CN112713305B (en) * 2019-10-25 2022-11-04 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Electrolyte for lithium battery and preparation method and application thereof
CN110797576A (en) * 2019-11-08 2020-02-14 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 High-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery
CN111244542A (en) * 2020-03-21 2020-06-05 湖州安和材料科技有限公司 Low-temperature-resistant lithium battery electrolyte and preparation process thereof
CN111463478A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-07-28 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Solid-state battery comprising interface buffer layer and preparation method thereof
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