CN101416587A - Semiarid sand land vegetation ecology and grass production system rebuilding and keeping technique - Google Patents
Semiarid sand land vegetation ecology and grass production system rebuilding and keeping technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for rebuilding and maintaining vegetation ecosystem and pasture production system in semiarid wind sand area relates to the technical fields, such as agricultural water and soil conversation, prevention and control of desertification, pasture cultivation and ecological environment etc, wherein perennial pasture with properties of drought resistance, nitrogen fixing, cold resistance and saline alkali resistance is adopted to combine with a multifunctional ecological film compound fertilizer functioned to bond and fix sand, absorb dampness and infiltrate water, conserve water and soil, fertilize sand and nourish sprout, preserve heat and promote growth. The technical scheme is that: selecting in April or May in spring, on the basis of flat sandy land, after seed soaking, planting the perennial pasture plants, such as varied lobular clover, Astragalus adsurgens pall, sainfoin, vetch, Agropyron desertorum etc; then adopting a method of a spraying can or an agricultural tractor mating with a high pressure water pump; or burying a plastic pipe in the ground, one end of the plastic pipe being connected with a water pump of a large-scaled fertilizer film mixing tank and the other end thereof being connected with a spraying nozzle; spraying the multifunctional ecological film compound fertilizer by adding water in 50 to 60 times such that an ecological ground film with thickness about 2 mm is naturally formed on the surface of the earth; three processes of spraying water, applying fertilizer and laying film can be completed at the same time so as to synchronously build up an ecological vegetation and pasture production system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention's semiarid arid area vegetation ecological and herbage production system are rebuild and the technology that keeps, and relate to technical fields such as agriculture Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, forage cultivating production and ecotope engineering and the engineering of defending and controlling sand.
Background technology
The reserve land resources of China 68% is distributed in arid, semiarid zone, and wherein sandy land reaches 370,000 square kilometres, and it is nearly 1/4 to account for national arable area, relates to 212 counties (flag).In these sandy lands, the semiarid zone of both sides, Daxing'an Mountainrange accounts for 41%; Semiarid desert steppe area accounts for 32%; Area, western arid desert accounts for 27%.The annual economic loss that causes because of the desertification desert in the whole nation reaches more than 500 hundred million yuan.And desertification area every year also continue expansion with 2460 square kilometres speed, had influence on the production and the living environment of the whole nation 400,000,000 populations.
In recent years, though the sand fixation material of development and the sand control technology of exploitation are also arranged both at home and abroad, mostly be simple function technology or product, and expense is big, cost is high, effect is not ideal, is difficult to large scale application.Because various technology are well not integrated, be difficult to the performance comprehensive advantage, the local improvement of desertification desert, the whole situation that worsens are not reversed, the forests for windbreak and sand-fixation construct effects of biology that comprises Tenth Five-Year Plan Period is also not ideal, desertification and dust storm are on the rise, so that sand and dust in 2006 attack Beijing, capital 13 times more than.
For this reason, needing to demand a kind of new technology pattern that is applicable to that semiarid and arid Wind-sandy Area and high and cold district ecological vegetation and herbage are produced of research and development urgently.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of semiarid Wind-sandy Area and high and cold district vegetation ecological and herbage production system of being applicable to and rebuilds and the technology that keeps.This method adopt perennial grass plant with the cold-resistant salt tolerant alkali characteristic of resisting drought and fixing nitrogen and have that bonding is fixed the sand, moisture absorption seep water, conserve water and soil, fertile husky foster seedling, the multifunctional ecological film composite fertilizer that is incubated growth promoting effect combine, and builds up the vegetation ecological and the herbage production system of sustainable development synchronously.
Semiarid Wind-sandy Area vegetation ecological of the present invention and herbage production system are rebuild and the technology that keeps, it is characterized in that, be a kind of vegetation ecological of sustainable development and technology of herbage production system built up synchronously, further be that a kind of employing has drought resisting, fixed nitrogen, cold-resistant, the perennial grass plant of salt tolerant alkali characteristic with have the bonding fix the sand, the moisture absorption infiltration, conserve water and soil, the fertile husky multifunctional ecological film composite fertilizer of supporting seedling and insulation growth promoting effect combines, build up the technology of vegetation ecological and herbage production system synchronously, wherein multifunctional ecological film composite fertilizer is that the percentage by weight that employing is prescinded is the inorganic nitrogen phosphatization fertilizer of 70-80% organic wheat straw waste and 20-30%, puts into 20-40m
3The cooking reaction jar feeds steam, and behind HTHP cooking reaction 3-5h, the fertilizer coating solution is extracted in press filtration, again through evaporation and concentration, modification is compound and drying process with atomizing is produced the bronzing powder product, its concrete technical step of the present invention is:
I, in semiarid arid area and high and cold Desert Area, select 4-5 month in spring, the at first smooth desert soil that desertifies well;
II, sowing have grassland No. 3 assorted flower leaflet clovers, Gansu sainfoin, prairie milk vetch, vetch or husky living wheatgrass perennial grass plants of drought resisting, fixed nitrogen, cold-resistant, salt tolerant alkali characteristic;
III, broadcast before seed treatment take the to bask seeds method of 3h-seed soaking 3-5h-sow, make that seed is concentrated before broadcasting sows after suctioning moisture content again;
The sowing of IV, small size adopt plough manually ditch 6-8cm dark-sow-method of earth backing 1-2cm or the sand ground grass seed drill that grassland research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences is selected in the large tracts of land sowing, seed level 1-2cm, every mu of sowing quantity 1.5-3kg, line-spacing 20-30cm, seeding method are drilling;
V, spray the multifunctional ecological film composite fertilizer of above-mentioned preparation after broadcasting immediately, it sprays and is divided into that small size sprays or large tracts of land sprays: the watering can artificial spraying is adopted in the small size demonstration, make the shower nozzle of common watering can into ellipse: long diameter is 15-20cm, short diameter is 8-10cm, the shower nozzle hole diameter is 2-3cm, or selects farm tractor back trailer to load onto the mechanical spraying method of storage tank, the supporting high-pressure hydraulic pump in front; Large tracts of land sprays and adopts buried plastic tube, and one connects the be mixed water pump in pond of large-scale fertile coating solution, and the other end connects the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle, the shower nozzle hole diameter is 1.5-2.5cm, every mu is used ecological film composite fertilizer 130kg, converts water 50-60 doubly, and every mu sprays ecological film composite fertilizer solution amount 6-8t;
Herbage germination and emergence situation is noted observing in VI, spray back, meet under the situation that arid weather effect emerges moisturizing during fast being unearthed once, emerge the back when meeting arid weather effect growth breeding time, spray moisturizing again, treated to stop again when colony formed in 1 year and cut if herbage colony did not stop when can not form vegetation cuts in 1 year.
Semiarid Wind-sandy Area vegetation ecological of the present invention and herbage production system are rebuild with the technology technology that keeps and are had the following advantages:
The one, owing to the cementation of lignin in the ecological film composite fertilizer and the water retaining function of humus, spray the back and form the degradable ecological plastic film in the 2mm left and right sides naturally at sandy land surface, ecological plastic film is can nature softening and do not influence the following of water and ooze when meeting water, and air-dry back ecological plastic film recovers can suppress again water evaporates naturally;
The 2nd, when artificial water spray or natural rainfall, the fertilizer element meeting nature in the face of land ecological film composite fertilizer can be supplied the forage grass growth with being seeped into plow layer under water;
The 3rd, this ecological film composite fertilizer can degrade fully and can not cause the white pollution of plastic film;
The 4th, can once finish water spray, fertilising, shop film three road agronomy operations, once use sufficient fertilizer, spray sufficient moisture, cover ecological plastic film comprehensively, reach conditions such as the needed moisture of forage grass germination and emergence, temperature and the needed nutrient of seedling growth;
The 5th, ecological film composite fertilizer can bear early stage and fix the sand function, can be it in forage grass grows up to the process of colony nutrient and moisture are provided, and impels vegetation function colony and herbage production system to build up;
The 6th, after landing, nitrogen fixation that can be by leguminous forage plant self rhizobium and perennial grass dead leaf be converted into organic humus, desertification desert soil organic nutrient and nitrogen potassium nutrition are replenished, in addition behind the large tracts of land herbage vegetation, field microclimate is transformed to wet type by drying type, and then influence atmosphere and increase precipitation, reach the benign cycle and the sand ground of fostering and apply fertilizer, improvement sand ground.Make sand ground become the grassland, desert becomes the farmland.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
At first adopting the percentage by weight that prescinds is the inorganic nitrogen phosphatization fertilizer of 70% organic wheat straw waste and 30%, puts into 20m
3The cooking reaction tank; Pass into steam; Behind the HTHP cooking reaction 3h; The fertilizer coating solution is extracted in press filtration; Pass through again evaporation and concentration; Compound and the drying process with atomizing of modification is produced bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer, and------------------6cm that manually ditches is dark, and------drilling is sowed, and------------------------once---------every mu of water spray 6t stops when---not stopping when First Year herbage colony can not form vegetation and cutting---and treating the formation of Second Year colony and cuts every mu of water spray 3t the above-mentioned every mu of 6t of bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer's solution that produces of artificial spraying earthing 1cm every mu of sowing quantity 1.5kg line-spacing 20cm seed soaking 3h again when meeting arid weather effect growth the rear breeding time of emerging to meet in the situation that arid weather effect emerges moisturizing when being unearthed soon to observe the herbage situation of emerging to be watered 50 times to spray the above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer solution 130kg that produces to adopt the above watering can in small size sowing with No. 3 assorted flower leaflet alfalfa seeds in grassland 3h that basks seeds in smooth desertification desert soil to select April if then in semiarid arid area.
Embodiment 2
At first adopting the percentage by weight that prescinds is the inorganic nitrogen phosphatization fertilizer of 80% organic wheat straw waste and 20%, puts into 40m
3The cooking reaction jar, feed steam, behind the HTHP cooking reaction 5h, the fertilizer coating solution is extracted in press filtration, pass through evaporation and concentration again, compound and the drying process with atomizing of modification is produced the bronzing powder product, and---------the prairie milk vetch seed basked seeds, and---------------drilling is sowed, and---every mu of sowing quantity 2.5kg---large tracts of land sprays---adopts buried plastic tube to line-spacing 30cm to the sand ground grass seed drill of grassland research institute of selection the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to seed soaking 4h to 3h in large tracts of land sowing in the smooth desert soil that desertifies well to select May then in semiarid arid area, one connects the be mixed water pump in pond of large-scale fertile coating solution, the other end connects the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle, and---the shower nozzle hole diameter is 1.5cm, and---------every mu sprays the above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer solution 8t that produces, and---------------every mu of water spray 6t---1 year cut if herbage colony did not stop when can not form vegetation---treated to stop when colony formed in 1 year again and cuts every mu of water spray 3t every mu of above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer 130kg that produces of usefulness when breeding time was met arid weather effect growth in the back of emerging to meet under the situation that arid weather effect emerges moisturizing when being unearthed soon once to observe the herbage situation of emerging to convert 60 times in water
Embodiment 3
At first adopting the percentage by weight that prescinds is the inorganic nitrogen phosphatization fertilizer of 75% organic wheat straw waste and 25%, puts into 30m
3The cooking reaction jar, feed steam, behind the HTHP cooking reaction 4h, the fertilizer coating solution is extracted in press filtration, pass through evaporation and concentration again, compound and the drying process with atomizing of modification is produced the bronzing powder product, and---------Gansu sainfoin seed basked seeds, and---------8cm that manually ditches is dark, and------drilling is sowed, and---every mu of sowing quantity 2.5kg---earthing 2cm---selection farm tractor back trailer is loaded onto storage tank to line-spacing 25cm to seed soaking 5h to 3h in small size demonstration in smooth desertification desert soil to select May then in semiarid arid area,---every mu with ecological film composite fertilizer 130kg, and------every mu sprays the above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer solution 7t that produces, and---------------every mu of water spray 6t---1 year cut if herbage colony did not stop when can not form vegetation---treated to stop when colony formed in 1 year again and cuts every mu of water spray 3t the mechanical spraying method of the supporting high-pressure hydraulic pump in front when breeding time was met arid weather effect growth in the back of emerging to meet under the situation that arid weather effect emerges moisturizing when being unearthed soon once to observe the herbage situation of emerging to convert 60 times in water
Embodiment 4
At first adopting the percentage by weight that prescinds is the inorganic nitrogen phosphatization fertilizer of 75% organic wheat straw waste and 25%, puts into 30m
3The cooking reaction jar, feed steam, behind the HTHP cooking reaction 4h, the fertilizer coating solution is extracted in press filtration, pass through evaporation and concentration again, compound and the drying process with atomizing of modification is produced the bronzing powder product in semiarid arid area, and---------vetch seed basked seeds, and---------------drilling is sowed, and---every mu of sowing quantity 3kg---large tracts of land sprays---adopts buried plastic tube to line-spacing 30cm to the sand ground grass seed drill of grassland research institute of selection the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to seed soaking 5h to 3h in large tracts of land sowing in smooth desertification desert soil to select April, one connects the be mixed water pump in pond of large-scale fertile coating solution, the other end connects sprinkling irrigation, and shower nozzle---the shower nozzle hole diameter is 2.5cm, and---every mu sprays the above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer solution 130kg that produces, and------every mu sprays the above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer solution 7t that produces, and---------------every mu of water spray 6t---1 year cut if herbage colony did not stop when can not form vegetation---treated to stop when colony formed in 1 year again and cut every mu of water spray 3t when breeding time was met arid weather effect growth in the back of emerging to meet under the situation that arid weather effect emerges moisturizing when being unearthed soon once to observe the herbage situation of emerging to convert 60 times in water.
Embodiment 5
At first adopting the percentage by weight that prescinds is the inorganic nitrogen phosphatization fertilizer of 75% organic wheat straw waste and 25%, puts into 30m
3The cooking reaction jar, feed steam, behind the HTHP cooking reaction 4h, the fertilizer coating solution is extracted in press filtration, passes through evaporation and concentration again, compound and the drying process with atomizing of modification is produced the bronzing powder product in semiarid high and cold Desert Area, and------------------6cm that manually ditches is dark, and------drilling is sowed, and------------every mu sprays the above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer solution 130kg that produces, and------artificial every mu sprays the above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer solution 6t that produces, and---------every mu of water spray 3t---stops when---every mu of water spray 6t---1 year do not stop when can not form vegetation as if herbage colony cut---treated colony formation in 1 year when breeding time was met arid weather effect growth in the back of emerging and cuts earthing 1cm every mu of sowing quantity 1.5kg line-spacing 20cm seed soaking 4h the livings wheatgrass seed 3h that basks seeds with sand again to meet under the situation that arid weather effect emerges moisturizing when being unearthed soon once to observe the herbage situation of emerging to convert 50 times in water to adopt the above watering can in small size demonstration in smooth desertification desert soil to select May.
Embodiment 6
At first adopting the percentage by weight that prescinds is the inorganic nitrogen phosphatization fertilizer of 75% organic wheat straw waste and 25%, puts into 30m
3The cooking reaction jar, feed steam, behind the HTHP cooking reaction 4h, the fertilizer coating solution is extracted in press filtration, passes through evaporation and concentration again, compound and the drying process with atomizing of modification is produced the bronzing powder product in semiarid high and cold Desert Area, and---------the livings wheatgrass seed of sand basked seeds, and---------------drilling is sowed, and---every mu of sowing quantity 2.5kg---large tracts of land sprays---adopts buried plastic tube to line-spacing 25cm to the sand ground grass seed drill of grassland research institute of selection the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to seed soaking 3h to 3h in the large tracts of land sowing in smooth desertification desert soil to select May, one connects the be mixed water pump in pond of large-scale fertile coating solution, the other end connects the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle, and---the shower nozzle hole diameter is 1.5cm, and---every mu every mu sprays the above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer solution 130kg that produces, and------every mu sprays the above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer solution 7t that produces, and---------------every mu of water spray 5t---1 year cut if herbage colony did not stop when can not form vegetation---treated to stop when colony formed in 1 year again and cuts every mu of water spray 3t when breeding time was met arid weather effect growth in the back of emerging to meet under the situation that arid weather effect emerges moisturizing when being unearthed soon once to observe the herbage situation of emerging to convert 60 times in water.
Embodiment 7
At first adopting the percentage by weight that prescinds is the inorganic nitrogen phosphatization fertilizer of 75% organic wheat straw waste and 25%, puts into 30m
3The cooking reaction jar, feed steam, behind the HTHP cooking reaction 4h, the fertilizer coating solution is extracted in press filtration, passes through evaporation and concentration again, compound and the drying process with atomizing of modification is produced the bronzing powder product in semiarid high and cold Desert Area, and---------the livings wheatgrass seed of sand basked seeds, and---------7cm that manually ditches is dark, and------drilling is sowed, and---every mu of sowing quantity 2kg---earthing 1.5cm---selection farm tractor back trailer is loaded onto storage tank to line-spacing 20cm to seed soaking 5h to 3h in the small size demonstration in smooth desertification desert soil to select May,---every mu sprays the above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer solution 130kg that produces, and------every mu sprays the above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer solution 7t that produces, and---------------every mu of water spray 6t---1 year cut if herbage colony did not stop when can not form vegetation---treated to stop when colony formed in 1 year again and cuts every mu of water spray 3t the mechanical spraying method of the supporting high-pressure hydraulic pump in front when breeding time was met arid weather effect growth in the back of emerging to meet under the situation that arid weather effect emerges moisturizing when being unearthed soon once to observe the herbage situation of emerging to convert 55 times in water.
Embodiment 8
At first adopting the percentage by weight that prescinds is the inorganic nitrogen phosphatization fertilizer of 75% organic wheat straw waste and 25%, puts into 30m
3The cooking reaction jar, feed steam, behind the HTHP cooking reaction 4h, the fertilizer coating solution is extracted in press filtration, passes through evaporation and concentration again, compound and the drying process with atomizing of modification is produced the bronzing powder product in semiarid arid area, and---------No. 3 assorted flower leaflet alfalfa seeds in grassland are basked seeds, and---------------drilling is sowed, and---every mu of sowing quantity 3kg---large tracts of land sprays---adopts buried plastic tube to line-spacing 30cm to the sand ground grass seed drill of grassland research institute of selection the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to seed soaking 4h to 3h in large tracts of land sowing in smooth desertification desert soil to select April, one connects the be mixed water pump in pond of large-scale fertile coating solution, the other end connects the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle, and---the shower nozzle hole diameter is 2.5cm, and---every mu sprays the above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer solution 130kg that produces, and------every mu sprays the above-mentioned bronzing powder product ecological film composite fertilizer solution 8t that produces, and---------------every mu of water spray 6t---1 year cut if herbage colony did not stop when can not form vegetation---treated to stop when colony formed in 1 year again and cuts every mu of water spray 3t when breeding time was met arid weather effect growth in the back of emerging to meet under the situation that arid weather effect emerges moisturizing when being unearthed soon once to observe the herbage situation of emerging to convert 60 times in water.
Like this, behind the sowing spray fertilizer, stock--fix the sand efficient and the weather-proof effectiveness of ecological film composite fertilizer can reach 93%---about 95%, after sand ground herbage (functional material) growth of sowing to the later stage formed colony, sand prevention efficient and weather-proof effectiveness can reach 95%---and 98%.Just when sand ground herbage did not also form colony, stock was born the function of fixing the sand sand prevention; The sand ground herbage growth forms in the process of colony, and ecological film composite fertilizer can be it nutrient and moisture content are provided, and impels forage grass function colony to build up the herbage production system.Thoroughly improve husky district ecotope simultaneously.Finally make sand ground become the grassland, desert becomes the farmland.Thereby realize ecological benefits, environmental benefit, social benefit, economic benefit coordination sustainable development.
Claims (1)
1, semiarid Wind-sandy Area vegetation ecological and herbage production system are rebuild and the technology that keeps, it is characterized in that, be a kind of vegetation ecological of sustainable development and technology of herbage production system built up synchronously, further be that a kind of employing has drought resisting, fixed nitrogen, cold-resistant, the perennial grass plant of salt tolerant alkali characteristic with have the bonding fix the sand, the moisture absorption infiltration, conserve water and soil, the fertile husky multifunctional ecological film composite fertilizer of supporting seedling and insulation growth promoting effect combines, build up the technology of vegetation ecological and herbage production system synchronously, wherein multifunctional ecological film composite fertilizer is that the percentage by weight that employing is prescinded is the inorganic nitrogen phosphatization fertilizer of 70-80% organic wheat straw waste and 20-30%, puts into 20-40m
3The cooking reaction jar feeds steam, and behind HTHP cooking reaction 3-5h, the fertilizer coating solution is extracted in press filtration, again through evaporation and concentration, modification is compound and drying process with atomizing is produced the bronzing powder product, its concrete technical step of the present invention is:
I, in semiarid arid area and high and cold Desert Area, select 4-5 month in spring, the at first smooth desert soil that desertifies well;
II, sowing have grassland No. 3 assorted flower leaflet clovers, Gansu sainfoin, prairie milk vetch, vetch or husky living wheatgrass perennial grass plants of drought resisting, fixed nitrogen, cold-resistant, salt tolerant alkali characteristic;
III, broadcast before seed treatment take the to bask seeds method of 3h-seed soaking 3-5h-sow, make that seed is concentrated before broadcasting sows after suctioning moisture content again;
The sowing of IV, small size adopt plough manually ditch 6-8cm dark-sow-method of earth backing 1-2cm or the sand ground grass seed drill that grassland research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences is selected in the large tracts of land sowing, seed level 1-2cm, every mu of sowing quantity 1.5-3kg, line-spacing 20-30cm, seeding method are drilling;
V, spray the multifunctional ecological film composite fertilizer of above-mentioned preparation after broadcasting immediately, it sprays and is divided into that small size sprays or large tracts of land sprays: the watering can artificial spraying is adopted in the small size demonstration, make the shower nozzle of common watering can into ellipse: long diameter is 15-20cm, short diameter is 8-10cm, the shower nozzle hole diameter is 2-3cm, or selects farm tractor back trailer to load onto the mechanical spraying method of storage tank, the supporting high-pressure hydraulic pump in front; Large tracts of land sprays and adopts buried plastic tube, and one connects the be mixed water pump in pond of large-scale fertile coating solution, and the other end connects the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle, the shower nozzle hole diameter is 1.5-2.5cm, every mu is used ecological film composite fertilizer 130kg, converts water 50-60 doubly, and every mu sprays ecological film composite fertilizer solution amount 6-8t;
Herbage germination and emergence situation is noted observing in VI, spray back, meet under the situation that arid weather effect emerges moisturizing during fast being unearthed once, emerge the back when meeting arid weather effect growth breeding time, spray moisturizing again, treated to stop again when colony formed in 1 year and cut if herbage colony did not stop when can not form vegetation cuts in 1 year.
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| CN101790934A (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2010-08-04 | 于飞 | Method for improving plant planting desert |
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