CN101347730B - 用于粗对苯二甲酸精制的加氢催化剂 - Google Patents
用于粗对苯二甲酸精制的加氢催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于粗对苯二甲酸精制的加氢催化剂。主要解决现有技术中存在的催化剂中活性组份金属钯微晶分布在活性炭靠近表面的微孔内,渗入较浅,在使用过程中因磨损而造成Pd流失,导致催化剂活性下降而稳定性降低的问题。本发明通过采用竞争吸附剂预浸渍的颗粒或成型活性炭为载体,负载活性组份金属钯,其中至少有45%的钯分布于载体0.2~20μm的表层,有小于10%的钯分布于载体表面至0.2μm的表层,其余部分的钯分布于深度为20~400μm内层的技术方案较好地解决了该问题,可用于粗对苯二甲酸加氢精制的工业生产中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于粗对苯二甲酸精制的催化剂。
背景技术
负载型钯/炭催化剂适用于粗对苯二甲酸的精制,粗对苯二甲酸中的对羧基苯甲醛(简称4-CBA)等杂质进行加氢转变为其它的化合物后,随后采用结晶的方法来分离提纯。由于钯/炭催化剂采用单一的活性组份,所以金属钯在载体上的分布状况,对催化剂性能的影响非常大。
由于对苯二甲酸加氢精制反应过程是一个一级反应,反应速度快,反应过程中反应物难以穿透到催化剂颗粒的内部进行反应,这就使得颗粒内部的活性金属由于位阻影响,接触不到直径较大的反应物分子组份不能发挥作用。此时,外表面的活性金属表现出的高的催化活性。出于充分利用贵金属的考虑,通常钯/炭催化剂做成蛋壳型,即让活性组份钯主要负载于载体的表面。钯与反应物接触的表面积越大,活性也越好。蛋壳型活性组份分布的催化剂比分布范围较宽的催化剂具有更高的加氢催化能力。美国专利4476242提出将活性组份钯全部集中在厚度小于70~80μm的表层。美国专利6066589提出将小于50%Pd位于载体表面小于50μm的表层内,其余的钯位于50~400μm的表层。但是,蛋壳型活性组份分布的Pd/C催化剂由于表面磨损容易造成钯的流失致使催化剂失活,因此蛋壳型催化剂活性组份钯分布于外表面也有不利因素。制备出Pd分布合理的催化剂,是提高催化性能、延长催化剂寿命的关键因素。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术中存在的催化剂中活性组份金属钯微晶分布在活性炭靠近表面的微孔内,渗入较浅,在使用过程中因磨损而造成钯流失,导致催化剂活性下降而稳定性降低的问题,提供一种新的用于粗对苯二甲酸精制的加氢催化剂。该催化剂用于粗对苯二甲酸的加氢精制精制反应,具有减少因磨损而导致催化剂表面活性组份金属钯的流失,催化剂稳定性高、寿命长的特点。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种用于粗对苯二甲酸精制的加氢催化剂,以竞争吸附剂预浸渍的颗粒或成型活性炭为载体,并负载活性组份金属钯,催化剂中金属钯重量百分比为0.1~5%,其中至少有45%的钯分布于载体0.2~20μm的表层,有小于10%的钯分布于载体表面至0.2μm的表层,其余部分的钯分布于深度为20~400μm的内层。
上述技术方案中,载体为颗粒或成型椰壳炭,比表面为600~1800m2/g,孔容为0.30~0.85ml/g,其中90%以上的颗粒粒度为4~8目。钯重量百分比优选范围为0.2~0.6%;45~60%的金属钯分布于载体0.2~20μm的表层;其余部分的金属钯优选方案为分布于深度为20~180μm的内层。
本发明催化剂的制备方法如下:
1.选用颗粒或成型活性炭,优选颗粒或成型椰壳炭,比表面为600~1800m2/g,优选800~1500m2/g;孔容为0.30~0.85ml/g,优选0.40~0.60ml/g;其中90%以上的颗粒粒度为4~8目。
2.除去炭表面吸附的粉尘及表面疏松部分后,在洗涤釜中进行酸洗,采用的酸为盐酸、硝酸或磷酸中的一种,优选为硝酸,酸浓度为0.1~5N,然后用去离子水洗涤至中性,在100~200℃下烘干,优选温度110~150℃。
3.采用竞争吸附剂预浸渍活性炭载体,然后过滤,烘干。竞争吸附剂为柠檬酸、马来酸、草酸、乳酸中的一种,优选柠檬酸。竞争吸附剂的浓度为0.01~0.5N,优选0.05~0.2N。竞争吸附剂浸渍温度为0~50℃,一般选择室温。浸渍时间为5~60分钟,优选10~30分钟。烘干温度100~200℃,优选110~150℃。
4.将活性组份水溶液加入表面活性剂和碳酸钠配制成催化剂活性组份溶液,其中钯的母体用其氯化物、氧化物、乙酸盐、硝酸盐、氯钯酸及其碱式盐、钯氨配合物,优选氯钯酸。表面活性剂可选用阴离子表面活性剂,优选十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钾盐。然后采用浸渍或喷洒等方法使Pd负载于载体活性炭表面,优选浸渍法。浸渍温度0~50℃,一般为室温。催化剂中钯的重量百分比为0.1~5%,优选0.2~0.6%。
5.然后催化剂在空气中老化1~24小时,采用还原剂进行还原处理。还原剂可以采用甲酸、甲酸钠、甲醛、水合肼、葡萄糖和氢气,优选甲酸钠。还原温度0~200℃,优选50~120℃。还原时间0.5~10小时,优选1~4小时。
本发明中的催化剂由于采用竞争吸附剂预浸渍活性炭载体,仅有小于10%的钯分布于载体表面至0.2μm的表层,具有减少因磨损而导致催化剂表面活性组份金属钯的流失,催化剂稳定性高、寿命长的特点。本发明的催化剂用于粗对苯二甲酸的加氢精制反应,在280℃,7.5MPa的反应条件下,4-CBA转化率为99.1%。将催化剂进行超声处理30分钟后,由于表层磨损造成的Pd流失仅为0.01%,4-CBA转化率仍为98.3%,仅较超声处理前降低0.8%,取得了较好的技术效果。
在高压釜中催化剂的评价条件:
催化剂用量:2.0克
粗对苯二甲酸量:30.0克
4-CBA量:1.0克
反应压力:7.5Mpa
反应温度:280℃
取样分析采用高压液相色谱分析。
≤20μm Pd的量及≤180μm Pd的量通过电子探针能谱(EPMA)测得;≤0.2μm表层Pd原子数比例通过光电子能谱(XPS)测得。催化剂中Pd的重量百分比由等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)分析测得。
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步阐述。
具体实施方式
【实施例1】
称取50克4~8目、薄片状椰壳活性炭,比表面为1078m2/g,孔容为0.47ml/g。除去炭表面吸附的粉尘及表面疏松部分后,在洗涤釜中用浓度为0.5N的硝酸进行酸洗,洗涤温度80℃,酸洗时间1小时,然后用去离子水洗涤至中性。并在120℃下干燥2小时。以浓度为0.1N的柠檬酸溶液在室温下预浸渍活性炭15分钟,然后过滤,并在120℃下干燥2小时。称取1.25克含钯20%的氯钯酸溶液,再向其中加入适量的表面活性剂十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钾盐和碳酸钠,调节溶液的PH值为5.5,然后加入去离子水至溶液的量刚好浸没活性炭载体为宜。将催化剂活性组份溶液浸渍载体,老化24小时后用甲酸钠溶液还原,然后用纯水洗涤至中性并干燥得到催化剂产品。
【实施例2】
催化剂制备过程同实施例1,其中竞争吸附剂为乳酸。
【实施例3】
催化剂制备过程同实施例1,其中柠檬酸溶液为0.15N,浸渍时间为20分钟。
【实施例4】
催化剂制备过程同实施例1,其中加入0.5克含钯20%的氯钯酸溶液。
【比较例1】
催化剂制备过程同实施例1,其中不用竞争吸附剂预浸渍活性炭载体。
【比较例2】
催化剂制备过程同实施例1,其中活性组份溶液中不加入表面活性剂十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钾盐。
各实施例和比较例采用的具体的活性组份母体、活性组份含量、活性组份深度及制得的催化剂采用上述活性评价条件进行活性评价的结果见表1。
表1
将各实施例和比较例的催化剂进行超声处理30分钟后的催化剂中Pd的含量和催化剂的活性评价的结果如表2所示。
表2
Pd重量百分比% | Pd的损失量,% | 4-CBA转化率,% | 转化率降低量,% | |
【实施例1】 | 0.48 | 0.03 | 97.9 | 1.3 |
【实施例2】 | 0.48 | 0.02 | 98.0 | 1.4 |
【实施例3】 | 0.49 | 0.01 | 98.3 | 0.8 |
【实施例4】 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 80.5 | 1.0 |
【比较例1】 | 0.42 | 0.07 | 95.5 | 4.4 |
【比较例2】 | 0.49 | 0.02 | 93.2 | 1.1 |
Claims (5)
1.一种用于粗对苯二甲酸精制的加氢催化剂,以竞争吸附剂预浸渍的颗粒或成型活性炭为载体,并负载活性组份金属钯,催化剂中金属钯重量百分比为0.1~5%,其中至少有45%的钯分布于载体0.2~20μm的表层,有小于10%的钯分布于载体表面至0.2μm的表层,其余部分的钯分布于深度为20~400μm的内层;其中,竞争吸附剂为柠檬酸、马来酸、草酸、乳酸中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述用于粗对苯二甲酸精制的加氢催化剂,其特征在于所述的载体为颗粒或成型椰壳炭,比表面为600~1800m2/g,孔容为0.30~0.85ml/g,其中重量百分比90%以上的颗粒粒度为4~8目。
3.根据权利要求1所述用于粗对苯二甲酸精制的加氢催化剂,其特征在于钯重量百分比为0.2~0.6%。
4.根据权利要求1所述用于粗对苯二甲酸精制的加氢催化剂,其特征在于45~60%的金属钯分布于载体0.2~20μm的表层。
5.根据权利要求1所述用于粗对苯二甲酸精制的加氢催化剂,其特征在于其余部分的金属钯分布于深度为20~180μm的内层。
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