CN101338668B - Method and system for determining drilling fluids leakage and overflow - Google Patents
Method and system for determining drilling fluids leakage and overflow Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for measuring drill fluid spillage and a system adopting the method. The method calculates the difference value of the actual total pool cubage and the theoretic cubage to judge the real time state for boring a well. The method and the system have high automatization degree and high precision and can immediately confirm the spilling position and control effectively when drill fluid spillage occurs.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The present invention relates to a method of measuring a borehole or borehole, in particular to determine the location of a liquid spill in the borehole, and a system for using the method.
[ background of the invention ]
The well leakage (or called drilling leakage) is a common accident in oil and gas drilling engineering and is a trap for the drilling fluid leaking into the stratum during the drilling process. The well leakage in the drilling engineering not only can seriously affect the construction safety, the construction progress and the cost, but also can seriously pollute an oil-gas layer and affect oil-gas products. The key of the leakage stopping work is that after the well leakage occurs, the position of a leakage layer is accurately determined as soon as possible so as to take effective leakage stopping measures in time and ensure the normal operation of drilling. The conventional method for determining the position of the leakage layer comprises a hydrodynamic method and an instrumental measurement method.
The hydrodynamics method comprises the steps of measuring the slurry outlet flow and the corresponding leakage degree in the positive circulation well washing process, simultaneously implementing the reverse circulation well washing, changing the slurry flow injected into the well in the reverse circulation process until the leakage severity in the positive circulation well washing process is reached, measuring the environment slurry flow corresponding to the contrast value of the leakage severity, and calculating the distance from the well mouth to the leakage layer according to a formula.
Instrumental measurements include well temperature measurements, and the like. The mud is influenced by the temperature of the stratum in the well to form a certain temperature gradient of a mud column. If the slurry meets the leakage layer, the slurry with a certain temperature in the well above the leakage layer leaks into the leakage layer, and the lower part of the slurry keeps hot slurry. When ground cold slurry is injected into a well, the well temperature is measured immediately, and the low-temperature gradient curve of the slurry liquid column is abnormal at the leakage position. But requires tripping out of the drill string during testing. The time for measuring the position of the leaking layer is delayed, unexpected problems are brought to the stratum due to the time delay, the stability of the well wall is influenced, the stratum is greatly damaged due to the fact that the leaking stoppage is not timely carried out, and huge losses are brought to engineering.
The measuring equipment used in the prior art generally comprises a sensor and accessories thereof installed on a construction site, a monitor host connected with the sensor for use, and printing equipment, wherein a remote monitoring system is installed in the monitor host for realizing control of the sensor, data calculation and judgment and data output.
For example, the invention patent application cn03824747.x discloses a logging system and apparatus for deployment in a wellbore environment, the apparatus comprising at least one fiber optic sensor for determining the wellbore environment, data determined by the sensor being transmitted to the surface via a fiber optic line on a real-time basis, where the data is processed into a real-time display. However, this application does not disclose a method of determining a drain layer.
[ summary of the invention ]
All the technical problems to be solved
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for determining a drilling leak layer and a system using the method.
All the technical schemes
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for determining drilling fluid overflow and leakage, which is characterized in that an actual value of the total pool volume is obtained, the actual value is compared with a theoretical value of the total pool volume, the overflow and leakage position is judged according to a comparison result, and then control is carried out.
According to the principle, the measuring method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
A. the sum of the actual volumes of mud in all mud tanks at the wellsite is measured to obtain the total sump volume.
There are various measurement calculation methods for the total pit volume, one of which is to measure the mud level in each mud tank and the cross-sectional area of each mud tank at the well site, calculate the mud volume in each mud tank, and then add the mud volumes of the individual mud tanks to obtain the total pit volume.
B. Calculate the theoretical volume of mud in all mud tanks at the wellsite:
theoretical volumekTheoretical volumek-1-△T
Wherein the theoretical volume is a cyclic value, and the current value is obtained by subtracting the variation from the last measured value, and in the formula, the theoretical volume iskRepresenting the value, theoretical volume, in the current statek-1Representing the value obtained from the last calculation, and the initial value of the theoretical volume0The total pool volume at a certain time can be given; Δ T represents the variation in the volume of mud in the well, which is the variation in the volume of mud in the well caused by the change in the depth of the well as the tool increases and decreases, where Δ T is the variation in the volume of the wellbore-the variation in the volume of the tool in the well;
the method for calculating the volume of the well bore comprises the following steps:
when the well depth is less than the depth of the open hole 1, the volume of the shaft is equal to the cross section area of the open hole 1 multiplied by the well depth
When the well depth is less than the depth of the open hole 2 and greater than the depth of the open hole 1, the volume of the shaft is equal to the cross section area of the open hole 1 multiplied by the depth of the open hole 1 multiplied by the cross section area of the open hole 2 multiplied by the depth of the open hole (well depth-open hole 1 depth)
Thirdly, when the well depth is less than the 3 depth of the open hole and greater than the 2 depth of the open hole, the volume of the shaft is equal to 1 cross section area of the open hole, multiplied by 1 depth of the open hole, multiplied by 2 cross section area of the open hole, multiplied by 2 depth of the open hole and 3 cross section area of the open hole (depth-2 depth of the open hole)
Wherein, the volume of the drilling tool in the well is the length of the drilling tool in the well (the external area of the drilling tool-the hollow area of the drilling tool)
Wherein open hole refers to a section of the well that is not cased.
C. Calculating the difference between the value obtained in the step A and the value obtained in the step B;
D. c, judging whether drilling fluid overflow occurs in the drilling well or not according to the data obtained in the step C, and determining the overflow position, wherein the judging method comprises the following steps:
if the result obtained in the step C is a positive value, the actual value of the total pool volume is larger than the theoretical value under the condition that excessive mud is not supplemented to the mud tank manually, and the data obtained in the step C is the overflow amount, which indicates that an overflow layer appears at the bottom of the well at the depth; that is, if the well is not filled with mud, the calculated theoretical volume at the stage of the underfill will be less than the actual volume, and the difference is the underfill amount, i.e., mud spillage shows that the overflow value is the volume of the underfill mud;
if the result obtained in the step C is a negative value, the actual value of the total pool volume is smaller than the theoretical value under the condition that the mud is not extracted from the mud tank manually, and the data obtained in the step C is the leakage amount, which indicates that a leakage layer appears at the bottom of the well at the depth; that is, if the mud pit is replenished with new mud, the value of the total pit volume of the mud at that time is given to the "theoretical volume" at the end of replenishing the mud, and is used for the next calculation.
E. And D, outputting the result of the step D.
In order to implement the above method, the present invention also provides a system for determining drilling fluid spillage, the system comprising equipment installed in a well site and equipment which can be placed at a position far away from the well site and connected with other components through data transmission equipment, namely, the system comprises a liquid level sensor for measuring the mud level in a mud tank of the well site, a hanging weight sensor for measuring the hanging weight and the weight on bit value in the drilling process, a winch sensor for measuring the well depth and the height of a hook, a monitor host machine and output equipment, wherein the sensor, the monitor host machine and the output equipment are connected through cables, wherein the monitor host machine comprises:
(1) a storage device for storing data measured by the sensors, including but not limited to mud level data measured by a level sensor, heaving and weight-on-bit data measured by a heaving sensor, well depth and hook height data measured by a drawworks sensor;
(2) the calculating device is used for calculating the sum of the actual mud volumes of all the mud tanks, namely the total tank volume;
(3) the calculating device is used for calculating the sum of theoretical mud volumes of all mud tanks, namely the theoretical volume, and the calculating method of the calculating device is as follows: theoretical volumekTheoretical volumek-1-△T
Wherein the theoretical volume is a cyclic value, and the current value is obtained by subtracting the variation from the last measured value, and in the formula, the theoretical volume iskRepresenting the value, theoretical volume, in the current statek-1Representing the value obtained from the last calculation, and the initial value of the theoretical volume0Can be given by the total hold volume at a certain moment; Δ T represents the variation in the volume of mud in the well caused by the change in the depth of the well as the tool moves, where Δ T is the variation in the volume of the wellbore-the variation in the volume of the tool in the well;
the method for calculating the volume of the well bore comprises the following steps:
when the well depth is less than the depth of the open hole 1, the volume of the shaft is equal to the cross section area of the open hole 1 multiplied by the well depth
When the well depth is less than the depth of the open hole 2 and greater than the depth of the open hole 1, the volume of the shaft is equal to the cross section area of the open hole 1 multiplied by the depth of the open hole 1 multiplied by the cross section area of the open hole 2 multiplied by the depth of the open hole (well depth-open hole 1 depth)
Thirdly, when the well depth is less than the 3 depth of the open hole and greater than the 2 depth of the open hole, the volume of the shaft is equal to 1 cross section area of the open hole, multiplied by 1 depth of the open hole, multiplied by 2 cross section area of the open hole, multiplied by 2 depth of the open hole and 3 cross section area of the open hole (depth-2 depth of the open hole)
Wherein, the volume of the drilling tool in the well is the length of the drilling tool in the well (the external area of the drilling tool-the hollow area of the drilling tool)
(4) Calculating means for comparing the difference between the total cell volume and the theoretical volume;
(5) means for outputting a determination result based on a difference between the total pool volume and the theoretical volume; the device for judging whether drilling fluid overflow leaks in the drilling well and determining the overflow leakage position comprises the following steps:
if the difference value between the total pool volume and the theoretical volume is a positive value, the actual value of the total pool volume is larger than the theoretical value under the condition that excess mud is not supplemented to the mud tank manually, and the data obtained in the step C is the overflow amount, which indicates that an overflow layer appears at the bottom of the well at the depth; that is, if the well is not filled with mud, the calculated theoretical volume at the stage of the underfill will be less than the actual volume, and the difference is the underfill amount, i.e., mud spillage shows that the overflow value is the volume of the underfill mud;
if the difference value between the total pool volume and the theoretical volume is a negative value, the actual value of the total pool volume is smaller than the theoretical value under the condition that slurry is not artificially extracted from the slurry tank, and the data obtained in the step C is the leakage amount, which indicates that a leakage layer appears at the bottom of the well at the depth; that is, if the mud pit is replenished with new mud, the value of the total pit volume of the mud at that time is assigned to the "theoretical volume" at the end of replenishing the mud.
(6) And the mud pump is used for outputting an alarm signal according to the judgment result to prompt field operators to take prevention and control or/and remedial measures and outputting a control signal to start and stop the mud pump for controlling the mud tank, so that the mud pump can automatically pump mud into the wellhead and stop filling the mud. Generally, if a slight overflow condition occurs in an operation site, mud can be manually prepared, and the specific gravity of the mud is increased so that the mud returned from the bottom of a well cannot overflow under the action of pressure. If a blowout condition occurs, a blowout preventer of the wellhead is opened, the blowout preventer automatically cuts off a drill pipe, the wellhead is sealed, and the well is abandoned to ensure the life safety of personnel. If leakage occurs, viscous plugging agents such as cement and the like can be manually added into the mud pit, and the plugging agents permeate into the leakage layer through mud circulation to seal the leakage layer.
According to a preferred embodiment of the above system, the level sensor may be an ultrasonic level sensor or a float level sensor installed in the respective mud tank.
The winch sensor is mounted on the winch drum side of the winch in the well site, for example, by being connected to the drum shaft on the winch drum side by a threaded connection. When the winch drum rotates, the Hall switch in the sensor can transmit the acquired pulse signals to the monitoring host in real time, and the host stores, records and converts the pulse signals into corresponding depth data (namely well depth) or height data (namely hook height).
The hanging weight sensor is arranged at a hydraulic generator of a dead line fixer of a well site and used for measuring hanging weight and weight-on-bit values in the drilling process. Several operation states such as seat jamming, releasing jamming and the like can be judged through the suspension weight data and the change conditions thereof, so that the single number of the drilling tools is calculated (in the field of drilling, one drilling tool is added every time one drilling tool is added). The single number has the function that the well depth can be automatically calculated on the operation site through a winch and a hanging weight sensor, but certain errors can exist in actual calculation. The automatically calculated well depth can be corrected by counting the number of single drill rods (each drill rod has a certain length, and the actual well depth can be calculated by calculating the number of drill rods put into the well). Errors generated by actual measurement are corrected by extracting the single number and the corresponding well depth value, so that the final error is the error generated by the last single. The dead line fixer is a mechanism for converting the dead line tension of a drilling machine into liquid pressure, and consists of a rope wheel, a base and a hydraulic generator. And a steel wire rope is wound on the rope pulley of the dead rope fixer, the tail end of the steel wire rope is fixed, and the steel wire rope passes through the rope pulley and then is wound on a roller of the winch. Generally, the installation positions of the dead line retainers are different according to different types of drilling machines, and the dead line retainers are mainly used for fixing steel wire ropes. In a well filled with drilling fluid, the axial load indicated by the weight indicator of the drill string in the suspended state is called the apparent weight of the drilling tool (i.e. the gravity of the drill string minus the buoyancy), and the axial load indicated by the weight indicator of the drill string in the drilling state is the suspended weight. And the difference value of the apparent weight and the suspended weight of the drilling tool is the weight on bit value. The value of the suspended weight and the value of the weight on bit can be used for judging whether the actual operation is normal or not according to the two values in the process of drilling and workover operation (for example, the condition that the apparent weight of a drilling tool exceeds the maximum load allowed by a derrick, or the weight on bit is too large so that operation accidents are easy to happen is prevented).
The monitor host of the system can be connected with an output device, such as a display and/or a printer, to output the judgment result, the control result, and the like.
The following is a detailed description of the invention:
the main operation tools of a general well site include a drilling tool, a derrick, a crown block, a traveling block, a hook, a water tap, a winch, a turntable, a slurry pump and the like.
Drilling tools typically include kelly bars, drill rods, collars, subs, stabilizers, wellbore enlargers, shock absorbers, drill bits, and other downhole tools.
The derrick is a tool for fixing a crown block and hanging hoisting equipment such as a travelling block, a hook, a faucet, tongs, an elevator and the like, and is also used for taking and storing a steel frame structure of a drilling tool, an oil pipe, a sucker rod or a casing pipe.
The crown block is a fixed pulley group consisting of a plurality of fixed pulleys and is fixed at the top of the derrick.
The movable block is a movable pulley block composed of a plurality of movable pulleys, and is suspended in the inner space of the derrick by a steel wire rope during working and can do up-and-down reciprocating motion.
The hook is the main equipment in the drilling machine moving system, and the hook and the moving block form the moving part of the drilling machine lifting system. The hook is used for hanging the water faucet and the drilling tool during normal drilling; when the drilling tool is started and lowered, auxiliary tools such as a hoisting ring, an elevator and the like are hung, and the drilling tool or a casing can be started and lowered; and completing auxiliary hoisting work such as hoisting heavy objects, installing equipment or hoisting and placing a derrick.
The water tap is the main equipment of the drilling machine rotating system and connects the drilling machine rotating system and the circulating system. The lifting ring on the upper part of the square drill rod is connected with the big hook, and the central tube on the lower part of the square drill rod is connected with the square drill rod through a left-hand thread. The main functions of the drilling tool include hanging the drilling tool, changing the motion mode of a drill rod and circulating drilling fluid.
The winch is the main equipment of a lifting system and is used for lifting, lowering a drilling tool and a casing pipe, suspending a static drilling tool, controlling the bit pressure during drilling, feeding the drilling tool, lifting a screw thread of the drilling tool, lifting a heavy object and the like. The winch also comprises a winch drum which is a part of a winch hoisting system and comprises a main drum and an auxiliary drum. The drum is wound with a steel wire rope of a traveling system, and the steel wire rope is wound and unwound on the drum through forward rotation or reverse rotation of the drum shaft, so that a drill string can be lifted, a drilling tool can be lowered or drilling can be carried out.
The rotary table is indispensable equipment in rotary drilling, and belongs to a rotary system in a drilling machine assembly. In fact, the device is a speed-reducing and torque-increasing device and can change the horizontal rotation motion transmitted by the engine into vertical rotation motion.
The mud pump is one of the important working units of an oil rig system and is the heart of a drilling fluid circulating system. The function is to provide energy for the circulation of the drilling fluid, namely the drilling fluid with certain weight and viscosity is input into the drilling tool, the drill bit and the annular space to complete the whole circulation process at certain pressure and flow.
The mud tanks are used for preparing, storing and circulating the drilling fluid, and the sum of the drilling fluid volumes of the mud tanks is called the total pool volume.
For well sites, known parameters that can be determined include: the drilling tool comprises a drilling tool body, a drilling tool body and a drilling tool, wherein the drilling tool body comprises a drilling tool body, a drilling tool body and a drilling tool body, the drilling tool body comprises a drilling hole depth (comprising a drilling hole 1, a drilling hole 2 and a drilling hole 3), a drilling hole diameter (comprising a drilling hole 1, a drilling hole 2 and a drilling hole 3), a drilling hole cross-sectional area (comprising a drilling hole 1, a drilling hole 2 and a drilling hole 3), a drilling rod outer diameter, a drilling rod inner diameter, a drilling tool outer area and a drilling tool hollow area, and the relation. These parameters need to be pre-stored in the system according to the invention, in particular in the monitor host of the system.
In addition to the known parameters described above, according to the method or system of the present invention, the parameters that need to be measured by the sensor include: measuring the obtained well depth, the drill bit position, the hook height and the single number by a winch sensor; and the suspension weight and the bit pressure value are obtained through measurement of a suspension weight sensor, and the liquid level height of each mud tank is obtained through measurement of a liquid level sensor.
The data obtained by calculating the two types of parameters include: the mud volume of each mud tank, total pond volume, theoretical volume, pit shaft volume, well drilling tool volume, wherein:
the mud volume of the mud tank can be obtained by calculating the liquid level sensor and the mud section area in the mud tank;
the total tank volume is the sum of the mud volumes of all mud tanks;
theoretical volumekTheoretical volumek-1-△T
Where Δ T is the variation in wellbore volume-the variation in borehole tool volume;
the calculation method of the shaft volume is as follows:
when the well depth is less than the depth of the open hole 1, the volume of the shaft is equal to the cross section area of the open hole 1 multiplied by the well depth
When the well depth is less than the depth of the open hole 2 and greater than the depth of the open hole 1, the volume of the shaft is equal to the cross section area of the open hole 1 multiplied by the depth of the open hole 1 multiplied by the cross section area of the open hole 2 multiplied by the depth of the open hole (well depth-open hole 1 depth)
When the depth of the well is smaller than the depth of the open hole 3 and larger than the depth of the open hole 2, the volume of the shaft is equal to the cross section area of the open hole 1 multiplied by the depth of the open hole 1, the cross section area of the open hole 2 multiplied by the depth of the open hole 2 and the cross section area of the open hole 3 multiplied by (the depth of the well-the depth of the open hole 2);
wherein,
open hole 1 cross-sectional area ═ pi × (open hole 1 diameter/2)2
Naked eye 2 cross-sectional area ═ pi × (naked eye 2 diameter/2)2
Open hole 3 cross-sectional area ═ pi × (open hole 3 diameter/2)2
Drilling tool volume is the length of drilling tool in well (external area of drilling tool-hollow area of drilling tool).
The data required to be calculated are obtained by calculation through a calculating device in the monitor host.
All indications of beneficial effects
Through the technical means, the beneficial effects which can be realized by the invention comprise:
1. the data is more accurate: according to the method, the displacement of the drilling tool to the mud (namely the volume of the mud occupied by the same volume of the drilling tool) is calculated according to the increase of the drilling depth and the diameter of each section of open hole, so that the data is more accurate. In addition, the use of the ultrasonic liquid level sensor also ensures that the system has higher measurement value precision and better real-time property, and has the characteristics of safe and reliable equipment
2. Effective judgment and diversification of system effects: due to the fact that the winch sensor and the hanging weight sensor are additionally arranged in the system, well depth can be measured and recorded, the system can effectively judge the real-time condition of drilling, and important reference data can be provided for stratum analysis in the future while the specific position where mud spillage occurs is known.
3. The operation efficiency is improved: the system monitor host has the functions of data real-time display, record storage, alarm, transmission and the like, provides a theoretical basis for the operation of operators, reduces random operation determined by human experience, and greatly enhances the safety and the efficiency of operation. Meanwhile, the labor intensity of operating personnel and monitoring personnel is reduced, so that the life safety of a shaft, equipment and personnel is ensured, and the economic benefit is improved.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of calculating a theoretical volume in the system provided by the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following examples, in conjunction with the drawings, illustrate, without limitation, the method and system of determining a leak-off in a well. Various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all equivalent technical solutions are within the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims of the present application.
A52-well wellsite of Xinglong Bao of Shenyang oil production factory in Liaohe oil field is used as a implementation site, a 70-type drilling rig produced by Lanzhou petroleum machinery factory is used as the wellsite, the depth of a main well of the wellsite is 5000 meters, and 20 branches are drilled every 50 meters from 4000 meters. The whole drilling machine is composed of a lifting system (comprising a winch, a derrick, a crown block, a traveling block, a hook and a steel wire rope), a rotating system (comprising a rotary table, a faucet, a downhole drilling tool, a drill bit and the like), a drilling fluid circulating system (comprising a drilling pump, a ground high-low pressure manifold, a vertical pipe, a water hose, a drilling fluid circulating purification treatment configuration device, a downhole drilling tool, a drill bit and the like), a power driving device (comprising a diesel engine and the like), a transmission system (comprising a gear, a chain wheel, a chain, a belt pulley, a belt, a shaft and a speed reduction and speed change device consisting of a bearing, a clutch and the like), a control system (comprising a mechanical device, an electric device, a gas device, a liquid control device and the like), a drilling machine base (comprising a drilling platform base, a machine pump base, a main auxiliary device base and the like), and auxiliary devices (comprising, The configuration, storage and processing facilities of the drilling fluid, various instruments, automatic recording instruments and the like).
4 mud tanks are arranged in the well site, and MELJ-90C1 type ultrasonic liquid level sensors produced by Beijing Hao instrument measurement and control engineering Limited are arranged in each mud tank. The mud level height in the mud tank can be sensed, and the volume of mud in the tank can be automatically calculated through measuring the change of the mud level height and a host of a monitor.
A MELJ-90J1 type winch sensor produced by Beijing Hao instrument measurement and control engineering Limited is arranged on one side of a winch roller, and is connected with the roller shaft to obtain data such as well depth, bit position, hook height and the like.
A hanging weight sensor is arranged on a dead line fixer of a well site, the hanging weight sensor is connected with a hydraulic generator of the dead line fixer, a hydraulic signal output by the hydraulic generator is converted into a current signal to be output, and the current hanging weight and the current bit pressure value are automatically calculated through a monitoring host. The sensor uses MELJ-90X1 type suspended weight sensor produced by Beijing Hao instrument measurement and control engineering company Limited.
The sensors are all connected with a monitor host, and the monitor adopts an MEZJ-06 type drilling monitor manufactured by Beijing Hao instrument measurement and control engineering Limited company.
Before drilling, partial parameters in the monitor main machine are set according to the condition of the drilling tool selected at this time, and the parameters comprise: the method comprises the following steps of calibrating the measurement range of each sensor, setting an alarm threshold, setting basic well parameters and the like, wherein the specific contents are as follows:
| serial number | Sensor name | Zero point | Full range |
| 1 | Ultrasonic liquid level sensor 1 | 0m3 | 62.7m3 |
| 2 | Ultrasonic liquid level sensor 2 | 0m3 | 76.8m3 |
| 3 | Ultrasonic liquid level sensor III | 0m3 | 58.9m3 |
| 4 | Ultrasonic liquid level sensor four | 0m3 | 60m3 |
| 5 | Suspended weight sensor | 0kN | 4200kN |
Open hole diameter: 0.4m naked eye depth: 215m
And (4) naked eye diameter II: 0.35m naked eye two depth: 2100m
Three diameters of the naked eye: 0.25m naked eye three depths: 4000m
The outer diameter of the drill rod: inner diameter of 0.18m drill rod: 0.15m
The following are enumerated as examples during the operation:
example 1
At a certain moment, manually pressing a '3/overflow drain' key on a monitor main machine resets the current well depth, and the well depth is 1301.10m3The pool volume in four mud jars is measured through the ultrasonic wave level sensor who installs respectively in every mud jar is respectively: 39.5m3，42.6m3，35.8m3，38.5m3I.e. the total cell volume is then 156.4m3Assigning the value to the current theoretical volume0Namely: theoretical volume0＝156.4m3。
As can be seen by the open hole depth, the well depth 1301.10m is less than the open hole 2 depth 2100m according to the formula:
shaft volume ═ open hole 1 cross-sectional area × open hole 1 depth + open hole 2 cross-sectional area × (well depth-open hole 1 depth)
The calculation results are as follows:
well bore volume ═ pi × (0.4/2)2×215+π×(0.35/2)2×(1301.10-215)＝123.68m3
Drilling tool volume ═ pi × (0.18/2)2-π×(0.15/2)2〕×1301.10＝10.11m3
The drill bit continues to be drilled, and when the measured well depth reaches 1338.18m, the wellbore volume and the drilling tool volume are respectively as follows:
well bore volume ═ pi × (0.4/2)2×215+π×(0.35/2)2×(1338.18-215)＝126.98m3
Drilling tool volume ═ pi × (0.18/2)2-π×(0.15/2)2〕×1338.18＝10.40m3
According to the formula: theoretical volumekTheoretical volumek-1-△T
Δ T ═ the variation in wellbore volume-the variation in borehole tool volume;
the calculation results are as follows:
△T＝(126.98-123.68)-(10.40-10.11)＝3.01m3
theoretical volume1＝156.4-3.01＝153.39m3
Total pool volume-theoretical volume1＝157.1-153.39＝3.71m3
That is, the total cell volume was shown to be 157.1m3The mud overflow leakage display value is 3.71m3At this time, the actual measured value of the total mud pool volume is larger than the theoretical value, and the overflow layer is judged to be generated at the bottom of the well at the depth under the condition that mud or water is not manually filled into the mud tank. At this time, the geological data of the well is searched, and the underground rock stratum at the depth is found to have rich water resources, so that the situation that a little liquid permeates into the well can occur, but the normal operation of the well is not influenced. Therefore, the judgment is correct.
Example 2
At a certain moment, manually pressing the '3/overflow' on the monitor main machineThe leakage key resets the current well depth, and the well depth is 3452.20m3The tank volumes in the four mud tanks are respectively as follows: 41.1m3，44.2m3，37.4m3，39.9m3I.e. the total cell volume is 162.6m at this time3The value is given as the current theoretical volumekI.e. theoretical volumekEqual to 162.6m3。
At this time, the well depth 3452.20m is less than the open hole 3 depth 4000m, according to the formula:
wellbore volume × (open hole-open hole 2 depth + open hole 2 cross-sectional area × open hole 2 depth + open hole 3 cross-sectional area × (well depth-open hole 2 depth); the calculation results are as follows:
well bore volume ═ pi × (0.4/2)2×215+π×(0.35/2)2×(2100-215)+π×(0.25/2)2×(3452.20-2100)＝251.28m3
Drilling tool volume ═ pi × (0.18/2)2-π×(0.15/2)2〕×3452.20＝26.83m3
The drill bit continued to be run in, and when the measured well depth was 3689.40m, the total pool volume was shown to be 150.10m3The volume of the well bore and the volume of the drilling tool at the moment are respectively as follows:
well bore volume ═ pi × (0.4/2)2×215+π×(0.35/2)2×(2100-215)+π×(0.25/2)2×(3689.40-2100)＝261.19m3
Drilling tool volume ═ pi × (0.18/2)2-π×(0.15/2)2〕×3689.40＝28.67m3
According to the formula: theoretical volumekTheoretical volumek-1-△T
Δ T ═ the variation in wellbore volume-the variation in borehole tool volume;
the calculation results are as follows:
△T＝(261.19-251.28)-(28.67-26.83)＝8.07m3
theoretical volumek+1＝162.6-8.07＝154.53m3
Total pool volume-theoretical volumek+1＝150.10-154.53＝-4.43m3
I.e. a mud overflow display value of-4.43 m3At this time, the actual measured value of the total pool volume of the mud is smaller than the theoretical value, and in the case that the mud is not artificially extracted from the mud tank, the fact that a leaking layer exists at the bottom of the well at the depth is indicated. At the moment, the geological data of the well is searched, and the fact that the lithologic density of the underground rock stratum at the depth is small is found, and gaps possibly exist to enable the circulating mud to be deep into the stratum, so that the mud needs to be filled into the mud tank in due time during operation of the well section. Therefore, the judgment is correct.
Claims (6)
1. A method of determining drilling fluid spillage, the method comprising the steps of:
A. measuring the sum of the actual volumes of the mud in all mud tanks in the well site to obtain a total pool volume;
B. calculate the theoretical volume of mud in all mud tanks at the wellsite:
theoretical volumekTheoretical volumek-1-ΔT
Wherein the theoretical volumekRepresenting the value, theoretical volume, in the current statek-1Represents the last oneCalculating the obtained numerical value; initial numerical theoretical volume0Given by the total pool volume at a certain time; the delta T represents the volume change of the mud in the well, and the calculation method is that the delta T is the change of the well bore volume and the change of the drilling tool volume in the well;
the method for calculating the volume of the well bore comprises the following steps:
when the well depth is less than the depth of the open hole 1, the volume of the shaft is equal to the cross section area of the open hole 1 multiplied by the well depth
When the well depth is less than the depth of the open hole 2 and greater than the depth of the open hole 1, the volume of the shaft is equal to the cross section area of the open hole 1 multiplied by the depth of the open hole 1 multiplied by the cross section area of the open hole 2 multiplied by the depth of the open hole (well depth-open hole 1 depth)
Thirdly, when the well depth is less than the 3 depth of the open hole and greater than the 2 depth of the open hole, the volume of the shaft is equal to 1 cross section area of the open hole, multiplied by 1 depth of the open hole, multiplied by 2 cross section area of the open hole, multiplied by 2 depth of the open hole and 3 cross section area of the open hole (depth-2 depth of the open hole)
Wherein, the volume of the drilling tool in the well is the length x of the drilling tool in the well (the external area of the drilling tool-the hollow area of the drilling tool);
C. calculating the difference between the value obtained in the step A and the value obtained in the step B;
D. c, judging whether drilling fluid overflow occurs in the drilling well or not according to the data obtained in the step C, and determining the overflow position, wherein the judging method comprises the following steps:
if the result obtained in the step C is a positive value, the actual value of the total pool volume is larger than the theoretical value under the condition that the mud is not manually extracted from the mud tank, and the data obtained in the step C is the overflow amount, which indicates that an overflow layer appears at the bottom of the well at the depth;
if the result obtained in the step C is a negative value, the actual value of the total pool volume is smaller than the theoretical value under the condition that excessive mud is not supplemented to the mud tank manually, and the data obtained in the step C is the leakage amount, which indicates that a leakage layer appears at the bottom of the well at the depth;
and recording the theoretical volume obtained in the step B;
E. and D, outputting the result of the step D.
2. A system for determining drilling fluid overflow and leakage is characterized by comprising a liquid level sensor for measuring the mud level in a mud tank of a well site, a hanging weight sensor for measuring the hanging weight and the weight-on-bit value in the drilling process, a winch sensor for measuring the well depth and the hook height, a monitor host and output equipment, wherein the sensor, the monitor host and the output equipment are connected through cables, and the monitor host comprises:
(1) a storage device for storing data measured by the sensor;
(2) calculating means for calculating a total pit volume which is a sum of actual mud volumes of all mud tanks at the wellsite;
(3) the calculating device is used for calculating the theoretical mud volume sum of all mud tanks in the well site, namely the theoretical volume;
(4) calculating means for comparing the difference between the total cell volume and the theoretical volume;
(5) the device is used for judging whether drilling fluid overflows and leaks in the well drilling according to the difference value between the total pool volume and the theoretical volume and determining the overflow and leakage position;
(6) and the device is used for controlling the mud tank according to the judgment result.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein said level sensor is an ultrasonic level sensor mounted in each mud tank.
4. The system of claim 2 wherein the winch sensor is mounted on the winch drum side of the winch in the wellsite.
5. The system of claim 2, wherein the hang weight sensor is mounted at a hydraulic pressure generator of a dead-line fixture at the wellsite.
6. The system of claim 2, wherein the output device is a display and/or a printer.
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| NO346971B1 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2023-03-20 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Estimation and Calibration of Downhole Buckling Conditions |
| CN104879118B (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2018-04-24 | 长江大学 | Cementing concrete returns deep with solid monitoring method and system under the conditions of the single, double drop ply in underground |
| CN105507848B (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-02-06 | 成都得道实业有限公司 | The fast curable class of dehydration and organic synthesis class sealing agent compounding leak-blocking construction method |
| CN105952436B (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2019-08-20 | 西南石油大学 | A method of early stage well kick overflow real-time monitoring is carried out based on instantaneous flow |
| CN109707368B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-12-03 | 四川永盛祥科技有限公司 | The method of overflow leakage early warning trend analysis is carried out in drilling well/tripping operation |
| CN109944582B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2022-08-19 | 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局一一五地质大队 | Method for analyzing position of stratum containing fractures in shaft |
| US11326440B2 (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2022-05-10 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Instrumented couplings |
| CN112228047B (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2024-05-17 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Drilling overflow leakage judging method |
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| CN1432098A (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2003-07-23 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Tracer release method for monitoring fluid flow in well |
| CN2760228Y (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-02-22 | 西安石油大学 | A leak hunting apparatus for drilling fluid |
| CN1898455A (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2007-01-17 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Downhole flow measurement in a well |
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| CN1432098A (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2003-07-23 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Tracer release method for monitoring fluid flow in well |
| CN1898455A (en) * | 2003-12-24 | 2007-01-17 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Downhole flow measurement in a well |
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