CN101297156B - Burner arrangement for a combustion chamber, associated combustion chamber and method for combusting fuel - Google Patents
Burner arrangement for a combustion chamber, associated combustion chamber and method for combusting fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN101297156B CN101297156B CN2006800396110A CN200680039611A CN101297156B CN 101297156 B CN101297156 B CN 101297156B CN 2006800396110 A CN2006800396110 A CN 2006800396110A CN 200680039611 A CN200680039611 A CN 200680039611A CN 101297156 B CN101297156 B CN 101297156B
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- combustion chamber
- flue gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
- F23L7/002—Supplying water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
- F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
- F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
- F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
- F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
- F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
- F23M9/06—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in fire-boxes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
- F23R3/346—Feeding into different combustion zones for staged combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
- F23C2201/10—Furnace staging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
- F23C2201/40—Intermediate treatments between stages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07008—Injection of water into the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07009—Injection of steam into the combustion chamber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a burner arrangement for a combustion chamber (12) in addition to an associated combustion chamber (12), in particular a gas turbine combustion chamber or a steam generator combustion chamber, comprising a plurality of burners (8), which are equipped for the combustion of fuel which contains carbon by supplying pure oxygen, which is effective as an oxidation agent. The aim of the invention is to obtain a burner arrangement which has a particularly high energetic degree of efficiency and particularly low residue emissions and at the same time maintains the construction and operation thereof simple and economical and reverts to suitable fuelling concepts. Also, the acceptable material temperatures of the encircling walls (6) surrounding the combustion chamber (12) must not be exceeded.; The inventive first burner (8) is embodied in such a manner that the ratio (ramda), per time unit, of the amount of oxygen guided therein, in normal operation, for the stochiometrically required amount of oxygen is greater than for a second burner (8) which is arranged downstream from the direction of the flow of flue gas (14).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of combustion chamber, especially the burner arrangement of gas-turbine combustion chamber or steam generator combustion chamber comprises a plurality of burners, and they are designed for fuel burning carbonaceous under the situation of the pure oxygen that has infeeded the oxidant effect respectively.In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of combustion chamber and a kind of gas turbine that has the steam generator of combustion chamber and have the combustion chamber.In addition the invention still further relates to the combustion method of carbon-containing fuel under a kind of situation of in this combustion chamber, supplying with pure oxygen.
Background technology
Be devoted to limit CO
2The climate change that causes causes will taking the whole a series of choice of technology for the steam power plant of the low emission that realizes burning mineral fuel.With CO is arranged
2The dissimilar power plant design of separator is compared, and has shown that already so-called Oxy-fuel process has particularly advantageous characteristic from technological standpoint and expected efficient.This external market maturity, cost of investment and operating cost aspect also are favourable.
For the Oxy-fuel process, replace nitrogenous combustion air, the Oxygen Flow of introducing high-purity (reaching 99.9%) in the combustion chamber of steam generator or gas turbine is as oxidant, and Oxygen Flow is extracted from the surrounding air that sucks in the air resolving device of attaching troops to a unit in advance for the share of separating nitrogen.Therefore, the combustion product during as burning carbonaceous fossil fuel only produces carbon dioxide (CO in ideal conditions
2) and steam (H
2O); Nitrogen oxide (NO
x) and other harmful substances based on the share that contains at fuel or pollute and only to form fewer amount.The waste gas stream that flows out from the combustion chamber thus in fact only also has carbon dioxide (CO after the steam share is condensed
2), it for example improves yield commercial when being used for almost exhausting oil and natural gas and containing as displacer, maybe can slip into and thereby can be stored in the aquifer of salt manufacturing field with not influencing weather.
At present, this " zero-emission power plant " feasibility technically can confirm in some test designs and research equipment that wherein especially corresponding combustion scheme is being still the conscientiously technical theme of research.With the process that is used for producing efficient heat, burning has very big influence to efficient when moving in power plant usually, exactly, and not only from thermodynamic (al) viewpoint but also viewpoint from avoiding discharging.This influence is for the Oxy-fuel process even stronger degree is arranged, thereby has reason and will pay a price for project and optimization measure accordingly.
In the combustion chamber under the uniform situation of steric requirements, it is desirable to burn by stoichiometry, this moment, fuel mass flow rates and oxygen mass flow relation each other were adjusted into, with desired the same when fuel completing combustion becomes carbon dioxide and water by relevant chemical equation.Thus, outside the removing exhaust gas loss, can also be with the energy requirement of fresh air blower, air draft passage etc., that is the loss of suction that produces there, reduce to minimum level.Yet, in first problem of making every effort in fact exist when burning be by Chemical Calculation, based in the combustion chambers burn district only because flame propagation, hydrodynamics etc. have just caused inevitable inhomogeneities, can not guarantee in the All Ranges of combustion chamber or flame, to provide exactly (in the locality) to be the needed oxygen amount of completing combustion of fuel.Form the flue gas bundle of aerobic surplus and oxygen ullage thus, its viscosity based on the hot gas height is just mixed deficiently.Consequently cause carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (C
nH
m) undesirable high (residue) discharge capacity.
Second serious problems bringing in order to realize the Oxy-fuel method technically are that for many combustion systems and fuel, the inner ignition temperature that produces surpasses the maximum temperature that allows of material of adjacent chamber wall in the combustion chamber.Their reasonable processing in addition, under the situation of not exclusively Oxy-fuel burning, forms grey residue, in order should not to surpass certain temperature upper limit equally.Described problem is exactly particularly outstanding when burning as the approximate Chemical Calculation of oxidant with pure oxygen, because may occur the temperature more than 3000 ℃ in this case.
Therefore, for fear of because unallowed high temperature damages the combustion chamber, developed some and reduced the different schemes of ignition temperature.All Oxy-fuel processes of hitherto proposed, the approximate Chemical Calculation of fuel in indifferent gas body temperature compound (
) oxidation be common.For example, can for example stipulate inner flue gas recirculation by first kind of combustion scheme of suggestion, as adopting in the so-called FLOX burner.Mixing by flue gas is carried out combustion process nonadiabaticly.This means, during burning, extracted heat and passed to chilled flue gas recycled, thereby significantly reduced the localized peak temperature of inside, combustion chamber from the combustion zone.Yet a shortcoming of this design is that the parts of combustion chamber and the exhaust gas routing that is connected its downstream must be at bigger volume flow or mass flow design, and this causes correspondingly having the big volume structure mode of big flow cross section.Cause than higher production cost for this type of electric power factory equipment thus.
In addition, also require to utilize bigger heat to vaporize by convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection or overheated supply water, need in flue, hang large-sized convective heating surface for this reason based on the steam generator of described principle.But from viewpoint of energy, general value must be pursued is that to keep radiant heat to account for the share of total combustion power big as far as possible.
Different with flue gas recirculation, also can be by second kind of combustion scheme by spraying into water or steam or realizing the flame cooling by the use wet fuel.In the time of can certainly be as flue gas recirculation, be that cost reaches the reduction ignition temperature here, can reduce energy conversion efficiency in principle because improve the flue gas mass flow to increase waste gas loss.
Summary of the invention
Therefore the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, the burner arrangement and a kind of relevant combustion chamber that provide a kind of this paper to start described type, it is keeping the structure and the method for operation simple and in economical, abide by appropriate burning theory, can be by burning carbonaceous fuel under the situation that the Oxy-fuel method is high especially in efficiency and the residue discharging is low especially.In addition, should be the operation method that a kind of equipment based on this principle provides a kind of particularly suitable.
Relating to the burner arrangement technical problem is solved like this by the present invention, and, first burner is designed to, and makes when operate as normal time per unit supply with the ratio of its oxygen amount and the oxygen amount of stoichiometrical necessity, sees that along the flue gas flow path direction ratio of second burner that is in the downstream is big than being used for.
Advantageously, see that along flue gas flow direction at least one is designed for burner with oxygen surplus operate as normal and is arranged in before the burner that is designed for the exposed operate as normal of oxygen here.
The starting point that the present invention considers a problem is, for fear of the shortcoming that is associated with flue gas recirculation, a kind of combustion chamber planted agent by the work of Oxy-fuel principle at gas turbine or steam generator is designed to burning, the heat content that makes carbon-containing fuel only staged progressively disengages, and thereby by disengaging at the allocation of space heat, steam generator for example by external coolant, can fully cool off the chamber wall that constitutes the border, combustion zone during by the flow media that will evaporate and at gas-turbine combustion chamber.
When specific design of carrying out this staged theory of combustion and technical conversion, at first consider a kind of burner arrangement that in a plurality of burner faces, disposes burner that has by echelon, wherein, see that along the flow of flue gas direction burner of at first arranging is designed for the exposed work of oxygen, the burner that is arranged in the downstream is designed for the work of oxygen surplus.A kind of like this layout, that is the oxygen amount that formerly those burner faces time per unit when operate as normal is supplied with a burner with regard to flue gas is littler than the ratio λ at those burner faces of back with the ratio λ of oxygen amount that at fuel mass flow rates is Chemical Calculation necessity, for example proved suitable, wherein in the combustion chamber, introduced nitrogenous combustion air in traditional combustion process.Can in this equipment, especially impel in this way and reduce No
XDischarging, here the validity of design mainly based on, gas fume of combustion chamber outlet side end with metachemistry calculate (
) the burner of oxygen-supplying amount work, high based on the comparison import momentum guarantees in this zone mixed combustion air especially equably in this zone.Thus, the not intermediate product of the fuel share of complete oxidation and combustion process good especially again and conversion or oxidation fully in this scope of combustion chamber.
Now, obviously unexpectedly show, this by traditional combustion process design known and that understand easily there, in the air of dense oxygen content, carry out by the Oxy-fuel method for those, in view of the combustion process of predesignating aspect the temperature, because the boundary condition of the limited temperature tolerance of combustor material decision, thereby be inapplicable or be disadvantageous at least.That is to say, the burner of at first arranging along flue gas flow direction must be worked with bigger oxygen ullage (for example with λ=0.3) in this case, otherwise, " top " the burner face that is in the downstream must be with high oxygen surplus (for example with λ=5) work, in order that see the ignition temperature that is no more than permission on the whole.Here, metachemistry calculate with owe Chemical Calculation (
) burner between transition region can't form very high temperature peak with refusing, even they can not fully reduce by the heat radiation via chamber wall, thus (part) ignition temperature of surpass allowing there inevitably.
Owing to described reason, by present design of advising, adopt a kind of " contrary staged burning " or " contrary staged oxygen supply ", wherein, at least a portion is designed for the burner by metachemistry evaluation work mode (that is with the work of oxygen surplus), is arranged in being designed for of some and owes before the burner of Chemical Calculation (that is with oxygen ullage) work with regard to the flow of flue gas direction.
Although there is following danger in principle in this burner arrangement: local carbon monoxide (CO) bundle that forms in the combustion chamber, in near their " top " burner faces being arranged on outlet, based on fewer there oxygen-supplying amount and the less momentum that becomes a mandarin, be difficult to mix fully with oxygen.In that this may cause unallowed high CO discharging in some cases.Yet described problem takes following measure to be solved under situation of the present invention, promptly, based on ignition temperature along the described favourable distribution of flow of flue gas direction, when cancellation otherwise flue gas recirculation commonly used or will recycle volume flow accordingly and be designed to, still can realize the abundant cooling of chamber wall by the flow media that will evaporate (or under the situation of gas turbine by cooling agent) than common when much smaller in traditional equipment so far.Therefore, the combustion chamber is more much smaller than the combustion chamber in traditional steam generator with similar power with regard to cross section on the structural design now, this impels especially uses mixing naturally of air in " top " burner face internal combustion, and limits above-mentioned CO emission problem very effectively.
Particularly advantageous expansion design by above-mentioned design, a plurality of burner faces of arranging, respectively have some burners along the flow direction partition distance ground of flue gas are set, wherein, for a burner, it sees that along the flow direction of flue gas to be arranged in the downstream far away more, and the ratio λ (hereinafter to be referred as " air ratio ") of oxygen amount that time per unit is supplied with when operate as normal and the oxygen amount of stoichiometrical necessity is more little.In other words: the design load of λ reduces to another burner face dullness from a burner face along the direction of flue gas stream.
If see along the moving direction of heat combustion flow the first burner face one or more burners air ratio greater than 3 and preferably for example value be 5, and on the other hand along the moving direction of heat combustion flow see last burner face one or more burners air ratio less than 0.5 and preferably for example value be 0.3, then have particularly advantageous situation for the important burner configuration of a big class.
May suitablely be in this respect in addition, establish some additional burners along the downstream that the flue gas flow path direction is seen in burner master group that so constitutes or principal piece, they always be designed for oxygen surplus operate as normal.This means and have a succession of λ=5 this moment; ...; λ=0.3; λ=1.5; Burner, wherein the burner face that calculates at the additional metachemistry of this a string end guarantees for example remaining CO bundle is changed into CO fully
2
Different with it or additionally, along the flow direction of flue gas for example see last or the rear portion burner of latter two burner face also can be designed as the diffusion burner, wherein introduce not premixed oxygen and fuel in the combustion chambers burn district.Here, the required oxygen that burns is invaded in the flame via flame fringe by diffusion, forms particularly advantageous flowing and troubled water thus in this relatively more crucial zone of " contrary staged " burner arrangement.
Come from same reason, by another favourable design, see that along flue gas flow direction (that is in vertical boiler structure form top) burner face in the back is designed for the fuel gas that burning is for example produced in the pre-gasifier of burner separately by liquid fuel.That is to say, also can obtain the more intense momentum that becomes a mandarin on " top " even volume flow is smaller in the burner region in this way, these momentums that become a mandarin for mixed combustion with air and thereby be necessary for fear of remaining CO.Different with it or additionally, also can be defined in this zone of combustion chamber and spray into water/steam.See from viewpoint of energy in this case particularly advantageously to be that the water that sprays into is with then coagulating based on the produced simultaneously steam of combustion process in the combustion chamber, and the heat that absorbs will evaporate the time reclaims again in fume gas condensation equipment as efficient heat.
In order to improve the mixing in " top " supplies with the burner face zone of owing stoichiometrical oxygen amount, also can be defined in the part recirculation of flue gas in this zone.Therefore advantageously flue gas recirculation pipe and combustion chamber are connected to, make that introducing flue gas recycled in the combustion chamber just carries out in those burner face zones of seeing along flue gas flow direction in the back.But here compare with hitherto known Oxy-fuel process with traditional burner design, the partial discharge of described recirculation can be described as and keeps lessly, in order that be necessary to significantly improve the total volumetric flow rate by the combustion chamber.
At last, also advantageously,, improve the horizontal mixing in the inner chamber of combustion chamber and/or promote flue gas stream to form eddy current by being contained in streamlined object or the interior fittings in the inner chamber of combustion chamber.This configuration of burner nozzle and orientation can reach described purpose of design equally best.
Here the design of Jie Shaoing can be used in the diverse steam generator of structural shape, and is not limited to vertical steam boiler.For example fiery chamber or combustion chamber also can be by horizontal layouts, stipulate that thus flue gas is basically along the flow direction of level.Different with it, the combustion chamber also can be folding.In addition, the design of " contrary staged burning " also can be used in gas-turbine combustion chamber.
The technical problem that relates to method is solved like this, promptly, each first burner and second burner of seeing to be in the downstream along the flue gas flow path direction, oxygen amount and the relation each other of fuel quantity separately that time per unit is supplied with are adjusted into, the oxygen amount that makes supply and the ratio λ of the oxygen amount of stoichiometrical necessity be used for first nozzle than be used for second nozzle greatly.Advantageously see that along flue gas flow direction burner face in front works with oxygen ullage (λ＜1) with oxygen surplus (λ＞1) and the burner face that is located at the boiler export side in the back in this respect.
Here, for example under first kind of extreme case, the fuel mass flow rates of whole burners always is chosen as onesize, and this moment, the oxygen mass flow was adjusted (staged oxygen supply) by the λ value that make every effort to the locality respectively.Certainly, also opposite situation, oxygen mass flow this moment and separately fuel mass flow rates onesize for all burners be according to the desired value adjustment (staged is for fuel) of λ spatial distribution, and can implement all and be in scheme between them.When combusting coal fines for example, advantageously tend to the staged oxygen supply.
The advantage that adopts the present invention to obtain especially is, by appropriate combination " Oxy-fuel burning " and " contrary staged oxygen supply " principle, can realize a kind of burning design of steam generator, it is at the efficiency height with when keeping waste gas stream nuisance content low, based on ignition temperature relatively more appropriate in the combustion chamber, so it is low especially that the hear resistance of the combustion chamber member that adjoins to outer wall with this outer wall requires, and can make the combustion chamber more economically thus.In addition, based on compare much lower with traditional technology or even fully phase out demand to recycle gas, so relevant with it element of installation can be at smaller volume flow design or cancellation.Combustion chamber itself also can be designed than necessary much compact so far with regard to diameter.
Description of drawings
Describe a kind of embodiment of the present invention in detail by accompanying drawing below.Accompanying drawing is schematically expression respectively, wherein:
Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 represents first kind of vertical section to the third scheme of steam generator of a kind of fossil fuel heating, and its burner arrangement designs at " contrary staged burning " based on the Oxy-fuel principle respectively.
The specific embodiment
The steam generator of representing in Fig. 12 has a vertical type steam boiler 4, its outer wall 6 is made of the steam generator of the evaporimeter face that is combined into respectively, superheater face or the fuel economizer face that are welded to each other airtightly mutually, in pipe, flow through a kind of flow media that will vaporize, for example water or water/steam temperature compound.In order to give steam generator 2 igniting, establish a plurality of burners 8, they are arranged in the combustion chamber 12 that is in funnel-form bottom zone 10 tops.Burner 10 is used for by burn a kind of fossil fuel of carbon containing of so-called Oxy-fuel method, and for example coal, oil or natural gas replace nitrogenous surrounding air in this case, introduce pure oxygen as oxidant in the combustion zone of combustion chamber 12.Needed oxygen obtains in an air resolving device (not shown) that sets for steam generator, and imports by pipeline in the premixed chamber of burner 8 separately, also feeds relevant fuel conductor there.
When burning produce basically by carbon dioxide (CO
2) and steam (H
2O) the flue gas R of Zu Chenging leaves combustion chamber 12 along vertical flow direction 14, then flow through the section that vertical gas pass links to each other with combustion chamber 12 upward, so that will be included in wherein most of heat in this case via the convective heating surface 18 that is suspended in the flue 16, pass to the flow media of in convective heating surface, guiding by heat convection, for example be used for the overheated steam that produces at the steam generator of outer wall 6.At last, in a condenser (not shown) that with regard to flue gas, is connected the steam generator downstream, isolate the share that is included in water in the flue gas R, get rid of and maybe can supply with other operative installations thereby only also have pure carbon dioxide can carry out refuse as environmentally harmful combustion product.
On the one hand for the fuel of completing combustion carbon containing as far as possible and be translated into the combustion product CO of expectation
2And H
2O, and, adopt a kind of staged burner arrangement on the other hand in order to reduce the ignition temperature of appearance.Burner 8 is arranged in the burner face of ten upper-lower positions in this example, and wherein direct up and down ladder or the burner in the plane 8 in succession spatially staggers respectively each other.For the parameter of burner operation particular importance, here be the oxygen amount of supplying with a burner 8 unit interval and relate to separately fuel mass flow rates by the ratio λ of the oxygen amount of the stoichiometrical necessity of chemical reaction equilibrium equation.Different with combustion chamber conclusive design principle when supplying with nitrogenous combustion air for the traditional structure mode, in the category of Oxy-fuel burning, stipulate a kind of burner configuration now, wherein, has the oxygen surplus, that is " metachemistry calculating " burner of λ＞1 is arranged in the below, that is at the top of smoke flow channels.Upward, that is along the flow direction 14 of flue gas R, the λ value decrescence as shown in the figure.At last, in the exhanst gas outlet side, the configuration of the upper end of combustion chamber 12 is designed for the burner with λ＜1 of owing stoichiometrical oxygen-supplying amount work.Ignition temperature is whole length along the combustion chamber, that is keep constant to be about 1400 ℃ from first burner face until last burner face.
Based on described burner configuration, do not need during steam generator 2 operation in the present embodiment otherwise common in order to control the flue gas recirculation that ignition temperature must need usually in the Oxy-fuel process.For being designed for the steam generator that combustion chamber heat power is 1000MW, the flue gas mass flow that flows through steam boiler or flue is calculated only about 180kg/s by model, and this is more much smaller for about 480kg/s than typical predicted value under the situation of the steam generator that utilizes traditional combustion design and flue gas recirculation.Therefore, narrow more much smaller on structural design than the steam generator that similarly has traditional igniter with regard to cross section by the steam generator 2 of present embodiment; Cross-sectional area for example 8m * 8m (otherwise needs 13m * 13m) with regard to much of that.Guarantee in view of the above combustion air well laterally to be mixed at the combustion chamber inner chamber.In addition, the design of " contrary staged burning " has following favourable feature, promptly discharge with photothermal form until 70% of steam generator 2 whole combustion chamber heat power, it can efficient be discharged by the flow media of guiding in the steam generator of outer wall 6 than the highland.Remaining about 30% share is passed to flue gas R, but can by convection heating surface 18 can be utilized by part equally again.
Self-evident, the boundary condition that many details that the expert can make burner arrangement and configuration thereof and design side are scheduled to and power plant's specific (special) requirements adapt and change, and do not break away from the protection domain of the present invention by the design of claim detailed description.Overall according to the burner configuration that can imagine in this respect also expressed other two kinds of particularly advantageous modification as example among Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, and wherein important operating temperature can directly draw from corresponding accompanying drawing.
Claims (20)
1. the burner arrangement of a combustion chamber (12), comprise a plurality of burners (8), they are designed for fuel burning carbonaceous under the situation of the pure oxygen that has infeeded the oxidant effect respectively, wherein, first burner (8) is designed to, make when operate as normal time per unit supply with the ratio (λ) of its oxygen amount with the oxygen amount of stoichiometrical necessity, be compared to see second burner (8) that is in the downstream along flue gas flow direction (14) ratio (λ) greatly.
2. according to the described burner arrangement of claim 1, wherein, see that along flue gas flow path direction (14) at least one is designed for burner (8) with oxygen surplus (λ＞1) operate as normal and is arranged in one and is designed for the burner (8) of oxygen ullage (λ＜1) operate as normal before.
3. according to the described burner arrangement of claim 1, wherein, described combustion chamber (12) are gas-turbine combustion chamber or steam generator combustion chamber.
4. according to the described burner arrangement of one of claim 1 to 3, wherein, have a plurality of along the principal piece inside of one after the other arranging, respectively have the burner face of some burners (8) on the flow direction (14) of flue gas (R) each other, see along the flow direction (14) of flue gas (R) to be arranged in downstream burner (8) more at a distance that the ratio (λ) of the oxygen amount of its time per unit is supplied with when operate as normal oxygen amount and stoichiometrical necessity is more little.
5. according to the described burner arrangement of claim 3, wherein, the ratio (λ) of oxygen amount of seeing burner (8) the oxygen amount that time per unit is supplied with when operate as normal of first burner face and stoichiometrical necessity along the flow direction of flue gas (R) is greater than 3.
6. according to the described burner arrangement of claim 3, wherein, see that along the flow direction of flue gas (R) ratio (λ) of the oxygen amount of burner (8) the oxygen amount that time per unit is supplied with when operate as normal of first burner face and stoichiometrical necessity is about numerical value 5.
7. according to the described burner arrangement of claim 3, wherein, in described principal piece inside, the ratio (λ) of the oxygen amount of the burner (8) of seeing last burner face along the flow direction of flue gas (R) the oxygen amount that time per unit is supplied with when operate as normal and stoichiometrical necessity is less than 0.5.
8. according to the described burner arrangement of claim 3, wherein, in described principal piece inside, the ratio (λ) of the oxygen amount of the burner (8) of seeing last burner face along the flow direction of flue gas (R) the oxygen amount that time per unit is supplied with when operate as normal and stoichiometrical necessity is about numerical value 0.3.
9. according to the described burner arrangement of claim 3, wherein, see to be provided with to comprise that some adds the secondary section of burner (8) that these burners are designed for respectively with oxygen surplus (λ＞1) operate as normal along the flow direction of flue gas (R) in the principal piece downstream.
10. according to the described burner arrangement of claim 1, wherein, see that along the flow direction (14) of flue gas (R) last burner face has the diffusion burner of some at least.
11., wherein, see that along the flow direction (14) of flue gas (R) last burner face has the burner (8) of the fuel of combustion of gaseous therein of some at least according to the described burner arrangement of claim 1.
12. combustion chamber that has according to the described burner arrangement of claim 1.
13. according to the described combustion chamber of claim 12, wherein, this combustion chamber is gas-turbine combustion chamber or steam generator combustion chamber.
14. according to the described combustion chamber of claim 12, flue gas recirculation pipe and it are connected to, and make the flue gas recycled of introducing in combustion chamber (12) (R) just carry out along those burner face zones that are positioned at the back on the flow direction (14) of flue gas (R).
15. according to the described combustion chamber of claim 12, have the jetting device of water or steam, it is located at along the zone that is positioned at those burner faces of back on the flow direction of flue gas (R) (14).
16., have being contained in of some and produce eddy current in the inner chamber of combustion chamber and/or promote the streamlined object that flue gas (R) laterally mixes according to the described combustion chamber of one of claim 12 to 15.
17. steam generator that has according to the described combustion chamber of claim 9 (12).
18. gas turbine that has according to claim 12 or 13 described combustion chambers (12).
19. the method for burning carbonaceous fuel under the situation of a pure oxygen that in the combustion chamber with a plurality of burners (8) (12), is infeeding the oxidant effect, wherein, each first burner (8) and second burner (8) of seeing to be in the downstream along flue gas flow path direction (14), the oxygen amount that time per unit is supplied with and separately fuel quantity relation each other be adjusted into, make ratio (λ) that the ratio (λ) of the oxygen amount of the oxygen amount supplied with for first nozzle and stoichiometrical necessity will be compared to second nozzle greatly.
20. in accordance with the method for claim 19, wherein, first burner (8) is worked with oxygen ullage (λ＜1) with oxygen surplus (λ＞1) work and second burning spray.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005042231.4 | 2005-09-05 | ||
| DE102005042231 | 2005-09-05 | ||
| PCT/EP2006/065574 WO2007028711A1 (en) | 2005-09-05 | 2006-08-23 | Burner arrangement for a combustion chamber, associated combustion chamber and method for combusting fuel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101297156A CN101297156A (en) | 2008-10-29 |
| CN101297156B true CN101297156B (en) | 2010-10-20 |
Family
ID=37517072
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006800396110A Expired - Fee Related CN101297156B (en) | 2005-09-05 | 2006-08-23 | Burner arrangement for a combustion chamber, associated combustion chamber and method for combusting fuel |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1926936A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101297156B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007028711A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8327779B2 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2012-12-11 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Combustion system with steam or water injection |
| DE102009014223A1 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-09-30 | Hitachi Power Europe Gmbh | Firing system of a designed for the oxyfuel operation steam generator |
| US11174792B2 (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2021-11-16 | General Electric Company | System and method for high frequency acoustic dampers with baffles |
| US11156164B2 (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2021-10-26 | General Electric Company | System and method for high frequency accoustic dampers with caps |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0668470A2 (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-23 | THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY | Methods of reducing NOx produced by burning of a fuel |
| CN1133421A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1996-10-16 | Abb管理有限公司 | Method and apparatus for starting a gas turbine combustor |
| CN1204005A (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 1999-01-06 | 亚瑞亚·勃朗勃威力有限公司 | Jet engine |
| CN1468352A (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2004-01-14 | ����˹��ķ(��ʿ)����˾ | Method and device for supplying fuel to a premix burner |
| CN1514169A (en) * | 2003-07-16 | 2004-07-21 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机（集团）有限责任 | Gas turbine combustion chamber |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5908003A (en) * | 1996-08-15 | 1999-06-01 | Gas Research Institute | Nitrogen oxide reduction by gaseous fuel injection in low temperature, overall fuel-lean flue gas |
| US6565361B2 (en) * | 2001-06-25 | 2003-05-20 | John Zink Company, Llc | Methods and apparatus for burning fuel with low NOx formation |
| US6968791B2 (en) * | 2003-08-21 | 2005-11-29 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Oxygen-enriched co-firing of secondary fuels in slagging cyclone combustors |
| FI120186B (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2009-07-31 | Andritz Oy | A method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions |
-
2006
- 2006-08-23 CN CN2006800396110A patent/CN101297156B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-23 EP EP06792956A patent/EP1926936A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-08-23 WO PCT/EP2006/065574 patent/WO2007028711A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0668470A2 (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-23 | THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY | Methods of reducing NOx produced by burning of a fuel |
| CN1133421A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1996-10-16 | Abb管理有限公司 | Method and apparatus for starting a gas turbine combustor |
| CN1204005A (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 1999-01-06 | 亚瑞亚·勃朗勃威力有限公司 | Jet engine |
| CN1468352A (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2004-01-14 | ����˹��ķ(��ʿ)����˾ | Method and device for supplying fuel to a premix burner |
| CN1514169A (en) * | 2003-07-16 | 2004-07-21 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机（集团）有限责任 | Gas turbine combustion chamber |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1926936A1 (en) | 2008-06-04 |
| CN101297156A (en) | 2008-10-29 |
| WO2007028711A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
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