CN101256534B - High efficiency static state average erasing method for flash memory - Google Patents
High efficiency static state average erasing method for flash memory Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A flash memory high efficiency static state average erasing method is provided. A high efficiency static state average erasing is connected with a flash shifting layer and a block erasing unit in a primary file system, and the block erasing unit is connected with the flash memory to carry out a concrete block erasing action in the flash memory. The method comprises the following steps: starting; defining a block erasing record list according to the concrete block of the flash memory; checking whether or not a command queue has an access command from upper layer; checking whether or not the distribution of work area block erasing is too concentrated and above than the set threshold; claiming the block erasing unit forcedly erase a block which is maintained for a long time; before the blockerasing unit erases the block and after the block erasing unit transfers files and erases the block; the block erasing unit reports that the block has been erased; whether or not all fields in entireblock erasing record list have been scanned; carrying out declining operation of the block erasing record list; ending. The method of the invention is low cost, high transplanting and real uniform erasing for blocl.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high efficiency static state average erasing method of flash memory.
Background technology
With present existing flash memory data access administrative skill, flash memory block is erased after about 100,000 times, and the data of depositing on it promptly might can't correctly be read out., and cause in the time of correctly to read data because the number of times of erasing is too much when a flash memory block, claim promptly that this block is write to wear.Because flash memory has such age limit, therefore how to delay flash memory block as far as possible and write and wear, to prolong the serviceable life of whole flash chip, just become an important problem.At present common solution data is on average write in each block of flash chip, makes the wear leveling number of times of each block the same as far as possible for using average erasing mechanism (Wear Leveling Scheme).
Existing average erasing mechanism can be subdivided into consecutive mean erasing mechanism (Dynamic WearLeveling Scheme) and static state average erasing mechanism (Static Wear Leveling Scheme) again, the consecutive mean erasing mechanism is that the data of upgrading or newly write is write an idle block (freeblock), and the idle block of system has the block of expired data from erasing, this machine-processed shortcoming is that the block that data often is updated can often be erased, and the block that the data aquatic foods are updated is less seldom erased, therefore the whole flash block number of times inequality of being erased, and this machine-processed advantage is simple, cost low and can acquire a certain degree on the block wear leveling.
In addition, static state average erasing mechanism is the number of times of erasing of each block in the record flash memory, when system needs extra idle block, the block of the least number of times of erasing will be erased, this machine-processed shortcoming is for needing very high handling cost, move and store the erased memory headroom of number of times of each block as extra data, advantage is to reach real block wear leveling.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem underlying to be solved by this invention is, overcome the above-mentioned defective that prior art exists, and provide a kind of high efficiency static state average erasing method of flash memory, under lower system management cost state, reach real block wear leveling effect, only need to reclaim and add at least one high efficiency static state unit of erasing on the unit with higher transplantability and versatility at the flash translation layer (FTL) of existing flash memory or the block in the primary archives economy.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of high efficiency static state average erasing method of flash memory, it is characterized in that, be to reclaim blocks of cells recovery unit by block recovery unit or the block in the primary archives economy that a high efficiency static state average erasing unit is connected in the flash translation layer (FTL), this block reclaims unit and connects flash memory to carry out the action of erasing of physical blocks in the flash memory, and its step comprises:
A. begin;
B. define the block record sheet of erasing according to the physical blocks of flash memory, promptly define the block record sheet of erasing according to the physical blocks of the flash memory number of times of erasing, this block record sheet of erasing is used for writing down the physical blocks number of times of erasing;
C., whether access command from the upper strata is arranged in the command queue, if have then carry out step K, if not then carry out step D, promptly this high efficiency static state unit of erasing can not activate after the upper system of flash translation layer (FTL) upper system or primary archives economy gives an order access flash memory a period of time;
D. check whether concentrations and exceed the threshold value of setting of distribution situation that physical blocks erases, if having then carry out step e, if not then carry out step K;
E. require block to reclaim the unit and force to erase a physical blocks of for a long time not erased, the corresponding field value of this physical blocks is added 1, be that the erase field value of record sheet of block is 0 correspondent entity block, reclaim the unit by the block in flash translation layer (FTL) or the primary archives economy and force to erase, and carry out the upkeep operation of block record sheet;
F. block reclaims the unit before the physical blocks that begins to erase, must the notice memory management unit therebetween can not the access flash memory at this, and begin to move with by the live data in the block of erasing, this physical blocks of then erasing, the block that the block of flash translation layer (FTL) reclaims unit or primary archives economy reclaims the physical blocks of carrying out flash memory in the unit erase before, need to be stopped the data access action of access flash memory by memory management unit in this flash translation layer (FTL) or the memory management unit in the primary archives economy, and begin to move the data of the physical blocks of being erased, erase again;
G. block reclaims the unit and finishes after effective data is moved and physical blocks is erased, notice memory management unit live data is by the new address after moving, so that the corresponding relation of memory management unit data for updating logical address and physical address, promptly finish the physical blocks data-moving of flash memory and after erasing when block reclaims the unit, with this memory management unit of new address notification of physical blocks new behind the data-moving, and the address corresponding relation of new logical addresses and physical blocks more;
H. block recovery unit repayment physical blocks has been erased and has been finished, and promptly block reclaims the unit and repays the message of erasing really and finishing to the memory management unit of step G;
I. scanned whole block all fields of record sheet of erasing whether if then carry out step J, are carried out step C if not then replying, and judge promptly whether erase field value in the record sheet of this block is all non-0 value;
J. carry out the erase renewal operation of record sheet of block, this block record sheet of erasing is upgraded operation and returns step C;
K. finish.
The high efficiency static state average erasing method of aforesaid flash memory, wherein the erase field of record sheet of the block of step B is a multiple bit fields.
The high efficiency static state average erasing method of aforesaid flash memory, wherein the erase field of record sheet of the block of step B is a single bit field.
The high efficiency static state average erasing method of aforesaid flash memory, the block of the step e upkeep operation of record sheet of erasing wherein, its step comprises:
E1. begin;
E2. notice block in high efficiency static state average erasing unit reclaims its physical blocks of desiring to erase of unit, is promptly notified block in this flash translation layer (FTL) to reclaim block in unit or the primary archives economy to reclaim the unit and erase at the physical blocks of desiring in the flash memory to erase by this high efficiency static state unit of erasing;
Whether the field value that E3. corresponds to this physical blocks in block is erased record sheet has arrived mxm., if then carry out step e 5, if not then carrying out step e 4, goes promptly to scan whether the erase position of field value of record sheet of this block is 1 entirely;
E4. the erase field value of record sheet of this block adds 1, promptly adds 1 at the erase field value of record sheet of the pairing block of physical blocks of being erased in the flash memory, promptly shows the actual time number state of erasing of this physical blocks;
E5. finish.
The high efficiency static state average erasing method of aforesaid flash memory, the wherein block of the step J renewal operation of record sheet of erasing, its step comprises:
J1. begin;
J2. block all fields of erasing in the record sheet all are non-0 value, if then carry out step J3, if not then carrying out step J4, the field number of promptly utilizing a counter records to be scanned judges whether that whole form is by whole once scanned;
J3 deducts field value minimum at present in the table with the value of all fields, making minimum field value is 0, be about to the erase value of field of record sheet of this block and all deduct the erase value of minimum field in the record sheet of block, this original block is erased, and the value of minimum field is 0 in the record sheet;
J4. finish.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the present invention has the effect of low cost, high transplantability and real block wear leveling.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the system construction drawing of fetching-rapidly method of the flash memory address conversion layer of the inventive method
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the fetching-rapidly method of this inventive method flash memory address conversion layer
Fig. 3 is that first of the record sheet structure of erasing of the block in the inventive method is implemented illustration
Fig. 4 is that second of the record sheet structure of erasing of the block in the inventive method is implemented illustration
Fig. 5 is the erase detail flowchart of record sheet upkeep operation of the block in the inventive method
Fig. 6 is that the record sheet of erasing of the block in the inventive method upgrades the detail flowchart of operation
The number in the figure explanation:
100 high efficiency static state average erasing unit, 10 flash translation layer (FTL)s
11 memory management units, 12 blocks reclaim the unit
20 archives economies, 30 primary archives economies
31 memory management units, 32 blocks reclaim the unit
40 virtual archives economy 50 memory techniques devices
60 flash memories, 61 physical blocks
62 and 62 ' block is erased and is write down 621 and 621 ' field
200 beginnings
205 physical blocks according to flash memory define the block record sheet of erasing
Whether access command from the upper strata is arranged in 210 command queues
220 check whether concentrations and exceed the threshold value of setting of distribution situation that blocks erase
230 require block to reclaim the unit forces to erase a block of for a long time not erased, and the corresponding field value of this block is added 1
231 beginnings
232 blocks reclaim its block of desiring to erase of notice high efficiency static state average erasing unit, unit
Whether 233 field values that correspond to this block in block is erased record sheet have arrived mxm.
The erase field value of record sheet of 234 these blocks adds 1
235 finish
240 blocks reclaim the unit before the block that begins to erase, must the notice memory management unit therebetween can not the access flash memory at this, and begin to move with by the live data in the block of erasing, this block of then erasing
250 blocks reclaim the unit and finish after effective data is moved and block is erased, and notice memory management unit live data is by the new address after moving, so that the corresponding relation of memory management unit data for updating logical address and physical address
260 blocks recovery unit repayment block has been erased and has been finished
270 erase all fields of record sheet of scanned whole block whether
280 carry out the erase renewal operation of record sheet of block
281 beginnings
282 whether block all fields of erasing in the record sheet all be non-0 value
283 values with all fields all deduct field value minimum at present in the table, and making minimum field value is 0
284 finish 290 finishes
Embodiment
At first see also shown in Figure 1, system construction drawing for the high efficiency static state average erasing method of flash memory of the present invention, wherein,, (flash TranslationLayer FTL) comes and existing archives economy 20 existing systems by flash translation layer (FTL) 10, link up as FAT, EXT2 archives economy, or by a primary archives economy (Native File System) 30, as JFFS2 and YAFFS2 system, and the virtual archives economy 40 on direct and upper strata is linked up; Pass through a memory techniques device (Memory Technology Device, MTD) 50 come a flash memory 60 is carried out access toward next.
Be provided with a memory management unit 11 and block in this flash translation layer (FTL) 10 and reclaim unit 12, be provided with a memory management unit 31 and block in this primary archives economy 30 and reclaim unit 32, upwards to connect the virtual archives economy 40 in upper strata by this memory management unit 11 and 31, and this memory management unit 11 and 31 connects block downwards respectively and reclaims unit 12 and 32, with the work of erasing of management and the block of carrying out this flash memory 60.
No matter use flash translation layer (FTL) 10 or primary archives economy administrative unit, be to reclaim on the unit 32 at the block that the block of flash translation layer (FTL) 10 reclaims unit 12 or primary archives economy administrative unit to add that a high efficiency static state average erasing unit 100 reaches the purpose of block wear leveling in the methods of the invention, have high portability, this high efficiency static state average erasing unit 100 can be a hardware circuit or constitute with software program.
Please cooperate Fig. 2 to shown in Figure 4 again, Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the high efficiency static state average erasing method of flash memory of the present invention, and promptly the detail operations flow process of the high efficiency static state average erasing unit 100 shown in Fig. 1 comprises step 200～step 290, wherein:
(200) beginning;
(205) define the block record sheet of erasing according to the physical blocks of flash memory, promptly define the block record sheet 62 or 62 ' of erasing according to the physical blocks 61 of flash memory 60 number of times of erasing, as Fig. 3 or shown in Figure 4, wherein, the block shown in Figure 3 record sheet 62 of erasing is that a physical blocks 61 corresponds to an one-to-many pattern with field 621 of 4, wherein this first physical blocks 61 has been erased 6 times, and the 3rd physical blocks 61 erased once (shown in arrow among Fig. 3); And the block that Fig. 4 the shows record sheet 62 ' of erasing is many-to-one pattern, be that a plurality of physical blocks 61 correspond to one 1 field 621 ', wherein the 3rd physical blocks 61 erased, but can only know that from the block resulting information of erasing the record sheet 62 ' second physical blocks 61 and the 3rd physical blocks 61 have at least a physical blocks 61 to be erased, though the degree of accuracy of this pattern is poor, just might be forced to move data and erase because have only two physical blocks 61 that ought correspond to same field 621 ' all not erased; If two physical blocks 61 that correspond to same field 621 ' have only one of them that the words of being erased are arranged, represent that then the data that often are updated can be written to other physical blocks 61, and the data that ought seldom be updated are at last write this physical blocks 61, then these field 621 ' 61 of pairing two physical blocks all are the data that seldom is updated, finally can be compelled to together move, this block record sheet 62 or 62 ' of erasing be present in the high efficiency static state average erasing unit 100 or in the flash memory 60.
(210) is there there access command in the command queue from the upper strata? if have then carry out step 290, if not then carry out step 220, promptly this high efficiency static state erase the unit can be at upper system, the virtual archives economy 40 under for example primary archives economy 30 frameworks is given an order after 60 a period of times of access flash memory and is activated;
(220) check whether concentrations and exceed the threshold value of setting of distribution situation that block erases? if have then carry out step 230, if not then carry out step 290.
(230) require block to reclaim the unit and force to erase a block of for a long time not erased, the corresponding field value of this block is added 1, be that erase field 621 or the 621 ' value of record sheet 62 or 62 ' of block is 0 correspondent entity block 61, give reclaiming unit 12 or Final 32's system is erased, and carry out the upkeep operation of block record sheet 62 or 62 ' by flash translation layer (FTL) 10 or the block of primary archives economy 30.
(240) block reclaims the unit before the block that begins to erase, must the notice memory management unit therebetween can not the access flash memory at this, and begin to move with by the live data in the block of erasing, this block of then erasing, this flash translation layer (FTL) 10 or the block of primary archives economy 30 reclaim the physical blocks 61 of carrying out flash memory in unit 12 or 32 erase before, need to be stopped the data access action of access flash memory 60 by this memory management unit 11 or 31, and begin to move the data of the physical blocks 61 of being erased, erase again.
(250) block reclaims the unit and finishes after effective data is moved and block is erased, notice memory management unit live data is by the new address after moving, corresponding relation in order to memory management unit data for updating logical address and physical address, promptly finish physical blocks 61 data-movings of flash memory 60 and after erasing when block reclaims unit 12 or 32, with this memory management unit 11 or 31 of new address notification of physical blocks new behind the data-moving 61, and the address corresponding relation of scheduler and physical blocks 61.
(260) repayment block in block recovery unit has been erased and has been finished, and promptly block reclaims unit 12 or 32 and repays the message of erasing and finishing for memory management unit 11 or 31 really.
(270) erase all fields of record sheet of scanned whole block whether? if then carry out step 280, judge that promptly whether erase field 621 in record sheet 62 or 62 ' or 621 ' value of this block is all non-0 value, carry out step 210 if not then replying.
(280) carry out the erase renewal operation of record sheet of block, this block record sheet 62 or 62 ' of erasing is upgraded operation and returns step 210.
(290) finish.
Please cooperate shown in Figure 5ly again, be the erase upkeep operation detail flowchart of record sheet of the block in the inventive method, promptly the record sheet upkeep operation flow process of erasing of the block in the step 230 among Fig. 2 comprises step 231～235, wherein:
(231) beginning;
(232) notice block in high efficiency static state average erasing unit reclaims its block of desiring to erase of unit, is promptly reclaimed unit 12 or 32 and is erased at the physical blocks of desiring to erase in the flash memory 60 61 by the erase block of unit 100 notice flash memories 10 or primary archives economy 30 of this high efficiency static state;
Has (233) whether the field value that corresponds to this block in block is erased record sheet arrived mxm.? if then carry out step 235, if not then carry out step 234, go promptly to scan whether erase field 621 in record sheet 62 or 62 ' or the position of 621 ' value of this block is 1 entirely.
(234) the erase field value of record sheet of this block adds 1, promptly adds 1 at erase field 621 or the 621 ' value of record sheet 62 or 62 ' of the physical blocks 61 pairing blocks of being erased in the flash memory 60, promptly shows the actual inferior number state of erasing of this physical blocks 61.
(235) finish.
Please consult shown in Figure 6ly again, be the erase renewal operational flowchart of record sheet of the block in the inventive method, promptly the record sheet of erasing of the block in the step 280 among Fig. 2 upgrades operating process, comprises step 281～284, wherein:
(281) beginning;
Are (282) block all fields of erasing in the record sheet all non-0 value? if then carry out step 283, if not then carry out step 284, be about to the block record sheet 62 or 62 ' whole once scanned of erasing.
(283) value with all fields all deducts field value minimum at present in the table, making minimum field value is 0, be about to the erase field 621 of record sheet 62 or 62 ' or 621 ' value of this block and all deduct the erase value of minimum field 621 in record sheet 62 or 62 ' or 621 ' of block, making the erase value of minimum field 621 in record sheet 62 or 62 ' or 621 ' of this original block is 0.
(284) finish.
In above Fig. 1～method of the present invention shown in Figure 6, the key concept of this high efficiency static state average erasing unit 100 is to utilize a spot of internal memory to follow the trail of the distribution situation that each physical blocks 61 in the flash memory 60 is erased, when system is idle, (accept in the command queue from the upper strata, all do not receive any access command through after a while), the record of the distribution situation of erasing will be checked in this high efficiency static state average erasing unit 100, find out the physical blocks 61 that the number of times of erasing is less than threshold value, the physical blocks 61 that the time interval that promptly has data and do not erased is too of a specified duration, and reclaim unit 12 or 32 this type of the physical blocks 61 of erasing that claims to block, thus, seldom the data of Geng Xining has very high possibility to be compelled to move the higher physical blocks of another frequency of erasing 61 to from a physical blocks 61, get off for a long time, average physical blocks 61 is erased number of times can be very average.
In addition, this high efficiency static state average erasing unit 100 only reclaims unit 12 or 32 with block and links up, therefore the block that only need reclaim unit 12 or primary archives economy 30 at the block of flash translation layer (FTL) 10 reclaims the interface that adds in the unit 32 with 100 communications of high efficiency static state average erasing unit, the other parts that do not need the system of revising, therefore, the memory management unit 31 of the memory management unit 11 of this flash translation layer (FTL) 10 or primary archives economy 30 is kept with the block recovery unit 12 of flash translation layer (FTL) 10 or block recovery unit 32 operating mechanism originally of primary archives economy 30.
The above, it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, every foundation technical spirit of the present invention all still belongs in the scope of technical solution of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did.
Claims (5)
1. the high efficiency static state average erasing method of a flash memory, it is characterized in that, be to be connected in the block that the block in the flash translation layer (FTL) reclaims in unit or the primary archives economy by a high efficiency static state average erasing unit to reclaim the unit, this block reclaims unit and connects flash memory to carry out the action of erasing of physical blocks in the flash memory, and its step comprises:
A. begin;
B. define the block record sheet of erasing according to the physical blocks of flash memory, promptly define the block record sheet of erasing according to the physical blocks of the flash memory number of times of erasing, this block record sheet of erasing is used for writing down the physical blocks number of times of erasing;
C., whether access command from the upper strata is arranged in the command queue, if have then carry out step K, if not then carry out step D, promptly this high efficiency static state unit of erasing can not activate after the upper system of flash translation layer (FTL) upper system or primary archives economy gives an order access flash memory a period of time;
D. utilize the high efficiency static state average erasing unit to check the erase record of distribution situation of physical blocks, the number of times that judges whether to erase is higher than the situation of setting threshold value, if having then carry out step e, if not then carry out step K;
E. require block to reclaim the unit and force to erase a physical blocks of for a long time not erased, and judge in block is erased record sheet whether field value that should physical blocks has been reached mxm., if then carry out step F, if not then after in the block record sheet field value that should physical blocks being added 1, carrying out step F again;
F. block reclaims the unit before the physical blocks that begins to erase, must the notice memory management unit therebetween can not the access flash memory at this, and begin to move with by the live data in the physical blocks of erasing, this physical blocks of then erasing, the block that the block of flash translation layer (FTL) reclaims unit or primary archives economy reclaims the physical blocks of carrying out flash memory in the unit erase before, need to be stopped the data access action of access flash memory by memory management unit in this flash translation layer (FTL) or the memory management unit in the primary archives economy, and begin to move the data of the physical blocks of being erased, erase again;
G. block reclaims the unit and finishes after effective data is moved and physical blocks is erased, notice memory management unit live data is by the new address after moving, so that the corresponding relation of memory management unit data for updating logical address and physical blocks address, promptly finish the physical blocks data-moving of flash memory and after erasing when block reclaims the unit, with this memory management unit of new address notification of physical blocks new behind the data-moving, and the address corresponding relation of new logical addresses and physical blocks more;
H. block reclaims the unit and repays to have erased to the memory management unit physical blocks and finish;
I. judge whether erase all fields of record sheet of scanned whole block, if then carry out step J, carry out step C if not then replying, judge promptly whether erase field value in the record sheet of this block is all non-0 value, if then carry out step J, carry out step C if not then replying;
J. carry out the erase renewal operation of record sheet of block, described renewal is operating as and judges whether that all fields that block is erased in the record sheet all are non-0 value, the value of the field of record sheet all deducts the erase value of minimum field in the record sheet of block if then this block is erased, this block is erased, and the value of minimum field is 0 in the record sheet, return step C then, otherwise directly return step C;
K. finish.
2. the erase field of record sheet of the high efficiency static state average erasing method of flash memory according to claim 1, the block that it is characterized in that described step B is a multiple bit fields.
3. the erase field of record sheet of the high efficiency static state average erasing method of flash memory according to claim 1, the block that it is characterized in that described step B is a single bit field.
4. the high efficiency static state average erasing method of flash memory according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step e specifically comprises following steps:
E1. begin;
E2. notice block in high efficiency static state average erasing unit reclaims its physical blocks of desiring to erase of unit, is promptly notified block in this flash translation layer (FTL) to reclaim block in unit or the primary archives economy to reclaim the unit and erase at the physical blocks of desiring in the flash memory to erase by this high efficiency static state unit of erasing;
E3. judge whether the field value that corresponds to this physical blocks of desiring to erase in block is erased record sheet has arrived mxm., if then carry out step e 5, if not then carrying out step e 4;
E4. at being added 1 by the erase field value of record sheet of the pairing block of physical blocks of being erased in the flash memory;
E5. finish.
5. the high efficiency static state average erasing method of flash memory according to claim 1, it is characterized in that describedly judging whether that erase all fields in the record sheet of block all are that the method for non-0 value is that the field number of utilizing a counter records to be scanned judges whether that the whole block record sheet of erasing was scanned once.
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| CN2007100795691A CN101256534B (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2007-03-01 | High efficiency static state average erasing method for flash memory |
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| EP1351151A2 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-10-08 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for achieving uniform wear levels in a flash memory device |
| CN1466060A (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2004-01-07 | 三星电子株式会社 | Flash memory file system |
| CN1698036A (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2005-11-16 | 桑迪士克股份有限公司 | Tracking the least frequently erased blocks in non-volatile memory systems |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1351151A2 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-10-08 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for achieving uniform wear levels in a flash memory device |
| CN1466060A (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2004-01-07 | 三星电子株式会社 | Flash memory file system |
| CN1698036A (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2005-11-16 | 桑迪士克股份有限公司 | Tracking the least frequently erased blocks in non-volatile memory systems |
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| CN 1466060 A,全文. |
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