CN101222539B - IP multimedia subsystem and its supplementary service monitoring method - Google Patents
IP multimedia subsystem and its supplementary service monitoring method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101222539B CN101222539B CN2008100572113A CN200810057211A CN101222539B CN 101222539 B CN101222539 B CN 101222539B CN 2008100572113 A CN2008100572113 A CN 2008100572113A CN 200810057211 A CN200810057211 A CN 200810057211A CN 101222539 B CN101222539 B CN 101222539B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- application server
- entity
- monitoring
- supplementary service
- cscf entity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an IP multimedia subsystem and a supplementary service method thereof. The system comprises a monitoring center, a call session control function entity CSCF, an application server and a convergence function entity connected with the monitoring center, the CSCF entity and the application server; the CSCF entity is used to receive monitoring commands sent by the monitoring center and send produced service-related event reports to the convergence function entity; the application server is used to trigger service monitoring to the monitored users according to the control of the CSCF entity and send produced event reports of supplementary service to the convergence function entity; the convergence function entity is used to converge the service-related event reports and the event reports of supplementary service and uniformly send to the monitoring center. The invention realizes the monitoring to the supplementary service on the IP multimedia subsystem network.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the monitoring technique of the communications field, particularly relate to a kind of IP Multimedia System and supplementary service monitoring method thereof.
Background technology
Along with telecommunication technology and professional development, the competition of telecommunication market is more and more fierce.Current, move with fixed operator in order to contend for markets, develop many new business just energetically, attract clients and keep the client here, to obtain more income.Meanwhile, more and more users also hopes to obtain comprehensive and one-stop service.Therefore, fixing fusion with mobile communication just becomes one of future development trend of the communications industry.
IP Multimedia System is the fixing and mobile essential step that merges of marching toward.This technology meets international standard, has very high extensibility, can realize network insertion control, has guaranteed the quality of service and the safety of network and service.IP Multimedia System can also help Virtual network operator and service provider fast and the novel multimedia service of economical and efficient ground release extra earning.IP Multimedia System itself is not a service, realizes that in IP Multimedia System various supplementary services need rely on various application server AS (Application Server) to accomplish.
In recent years; Development along with the International Politics form; The Lawful Interception function is increasing to be paid attention to by each nation's security department, becomes and safeguards national security, and obtains a kind of effective means of obtaining with information that communication network is monitored of necessary national security information.Therefore many nation's securities department all can force operator that monitor function is provided.Existing P STN (Public Switched Telephone Network; Public switched telephone network) network, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications; Global system for mobile communications), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access; Code division multiple access) network, NGN (Next Generation Network, next generation network) network have all had comparatively ripe scheme, and success is commercial; But known about certainly scheme for the monitoring of its basic service of IP Multimedia System; But, in the existing technical scheme, do not consider that event report possibly produced by the different functions entity when supplementary service takes place for the supplementary service on the IP Multimedia System; But between these reports certain relevance must be arranged, make listening center that which can identify and report corresponding same user.Ignore this problem and be unfavorable for the popularization of monitoring in following 3G and the NGN network.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of IP Multimedia System and supplementary service monitoring method thereof, is used for solving the problem that prior art can't be monitored the supplementary service in the IP Multimedia System.
To achieve these goals; The invention provides a kind of IP Multimedia System; Comprise listening center, call conversation control function entity CSCF, application server; It is characterized in that, also comprise: the aggregation feature entity that is connected with said listening center, said CSCF entity, said application server;
Said CSCF entity is used to receive the snoop command that said listening center issues, and the relevant event report of the business that will produce sends to said aggregation feature entity;
Said application server is used for triggering the SM service monitoring to said intercepted user according to the control of said CSCF entity, and the event report of the supplementary service that produces is sent to said aggregation feature entity;
Said aggregation feature entity be used to converge the relevant event report of said business, the event report of said supplementary service, and unification sends to said listening center.
Described IP Multimedia System, wherein, this IP Multimedia System also comprises:
Multimedia resource function processor (MRFP) is connected with said listening center, is used for transmitting Content of Communication to said listening center;
Multimedia resource function controller (MRFC) is connected with said CSCF entity, said Multimedia resource function processor (MRFP), is used to control said Multimedia resource function processor (MRFP) and transmits said Content of Communication to said listening center.
Described IP Multimedia System, wherein, said CSCF entity determines whether the monitoring information relevant with said intercepted user sent to said application server according to the mode that said application server triggers SM service monitoring.
Described IP Multimedia System, wherein,
When the mode that whether need be monitored with said application server judges triggered SM service monitoring, said CSCF entity sent to said application server with said monitoring information; Or
When the mode of when taking place with business, notifying said application server to monitor by said CSCF entity triggered SM service monitoring, said CSCF entity did not send said monitoring information and gives said application server.
Described IP Multimedia System, wherein,
When professional correlated activation took place said intercepted user, said CSCF entity was handled this business correlated activation, obtained the relevant event report of said business, and sent to said aggregation feature entity; Or
When said intercepted user generation supplementary service, said CSCF entity is routed to said application server with the message related to calls that said intercepted user sends, and accomplishes the processing to said supplementary service by said application server.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of supplementary service monitoring method of IP Multimedia System, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Step 1, listening center sends snoop command to the CSCF entity;
Step 2; Said CSCF entity receives said snoop command; The event report that the business that produces is relevant sends to said aggregation feature entity; Control said application server and trigger SM service monitoring, the event report of the supplementary service that produces is sent to said aggregation feature entity by said application server to said intercepted user;
Step 3, said aggregation feature entity converge the relevant event report of said business, the event report of said supplementary service, and unification sends to said listening center.
Described supplementary service monitoring method wherein, in the said step 2, further comprises:
Said CSCF entity determines whether the monitoring information relevant with said intercepted user sent to the step of said application server according to the mode of said application server triggering SM service monitoring:
When the mode that whether need be monitored with said application server judges triggered SM service monitoring, said CSCF entity sent to said application server with said monitoring information; Or
When the mode of when taking place with business, notifying said application server to monitor by said CSCF entity triggered SM service monitoring, said CSCF entity did not send said monitoring information and gives said application server.
Described supplementary service monitoring method wherein, in the said step 2, further comprises:
When professional correlated activation took place said intercepted user, said CSCF entity was handled this business correlated activation, obtained the relevant event report of said business, and sent to said aggregation feature entity; Or
When said intercepted user generation supplementary service, said CSCF entity is routed to said application server with the message related to calls that said intercepted user sends, and accomplishes the processing to said supplementary service by said application server.
Described supplementary service monitoring method wherein, in the said step 2, further comprises:
Said application server is further judged the step whether business of said intercepted user is monitored according to said message related to calls.
Described supplementary service monitoring method wherein, in the said step 3, further comprises:
Said aggregation feature entity carries out filtration treatment according to the unique flag information in the event report of the relevant event report of said business, said supplementary service; Obtain same once a plurality of event reports of monitoring activity; These a plurality of event reports are numbered processing, and will pass through the step that a plurality of event reports of numbering after handling send to said listening center successively.
Useful technique effect of the present invention:
Compare with the existing systems architecture and method; The present invention can realize the real-time listening to user's supplementary service in the IP Multimedia System, has realized that through increasing the aggregation feature entity event report that the difference in functionality entity produces is handled the back to be sent to listening center.
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, but not as to qualification of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an IP Multimedia System configuration diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the monitoring flow chart of supplementary service of the present invention;
Monitoring flow chart when Fig. 3 is a bid transfer service of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is made further more detailed description.
As shown in Figure 1, be IP Multimedia System configuration diagram of the present invention.This figure has provided the network architecture that IP Multimedia System is used to realize supplementary service monitoring; This IP Multimedia System 100 comprises: CSCF (Call Session Control Function; CSCF) entity 20, application server AS 30, MRFC (Multimedia Resource Function Controller; Multimedia resource function controller (MRFC)) 40 MRFP (Multimedia Resource Function Processor; Multimedia resource function processor (MRFP)) 50, listening center 60, also comprise: aggregation feature entity 10.
Application server AS 30 is used for providing to aggregation feature entity 10 the professional dependent event of supplementary service.
MRFP 50, are used under the control of MRFC 40, transmitting Content of Communication to listening center 60.
Listening center 60 issues the snoop command to intercepted user to CSCF entity 20; This snoop command comprises the ID and monitoring content of intercepted user; ID is generally SIP URI or TELURI; Monitor event report and/or Content of Communication that content comprises the user, CSCF entity 20 obtains user's details in database according to ID.SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is a session initiation protocol, and URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) is the unified resource sign.
If in IP Multimedia System 100; Be to adopt application server AS 30 judges whether need to be monitored; Then CSCF entity 20 need send to application server AS 30 with monitoring information; Interface protocol between CSCF entity 20 and the application server AS 30 is generally the Session Initiation Protocol of expansion, but is not limited to Session Initiation Protocol.
If in IP Multimedia System 100; Be to adopt when professional the generation; 20 notification applications server A S 30 need to monitor intercepted user by the CSCF entity; After CSCF entity 20 is received the snoop command to intercepted user of listening center 60 so, need not send monitoring information to application server AS 30.
According to intercepted user is to belong to professional relevant action to take place or supplementary service takes place, and carries out different processing respectively:
1), when professional relevant action takes place intercepted user, handles, send professional dependent event to aggregation feature entity 10 by CSCF entity 20 through CSCF entity 20.
2), when intercepted user generation supplementary service, CSCF entity 20 is received message related to calls; Select correct application server AS 30 according to filter criteria; And in this message related to calls, add some information relevant and monitor relevant information, wherein, comprise with the relevant information of monitoring: unique flag information of this monitoring activity etc. with supplementary service; Afterwards this message related to calls is routed to application corresponding server A S 30, accomplishes the processing of supplementary service by this application server AS 30.
Application server AS 30 is from the message related to calls that CSCF entity 20 routes are come; Obtain unique flag information of monitoring this time; Application server AS 30 sends to aggregation feature entity 10 with the event report relevant with supplementary service, has unique flag information of this time monitoring in this event report.
3), when the needs Content of Communication, through CSCF entity 20 notice MRFC 40 control MRFP 50 Content of Communication is copied to listening center 60 by application server AS 30.
As shown in Figure 2, be the monitoring flow chart of supplementary service of the present invention.This flow process is that the supplementary service on the IP Multimedia System network provides a kind of method of monitoring of can realizing, uses this method to realize monitoring to the supplementary service on the IP Multimedia System network, and in conjunction with Fig. 1, this flow process specifically comprises following step:
Step S201; Listening center 60 sends to CSCF entity 20 and establishes control order (being snoop command); Wherein carry the ID of intercepted user, the content that need monitor etc., ID possibly be SIP URI or TEL URI, and the content that needs to monitor comprises: communication event and Content of Communication.
Step S202, CSCF entity 20 determines whether the monitoring information relevant with intercepted user sent to application server AS 30 according to triggering the mode of monitoring on the application server AS 30.
In this step; Triggering the mode of monitoring on the application server AS 30 is meant: can take on the application server AS 30 to judge with CSCF entity 20 the same methods oneself whether this user needs to monitor; Also can in message related to calls, add specific fields by CSCF entity 20, indication application server AS 30 these users need to monitor.
Step S203 judges that intercepted user has professional correlated activation that supplementary service is still arranged, and carries out different processing according to different situations:
When intercepted user had professional correlated activation, CSCF entity 20 reported to listening center 60 with professional dependent event, changed step S206 over to; Or
When intercepted user had supplementary service, CSCF entity 20 was routed to application server AS 30 with message related to calls, and the processing by application server AS 30 completion supplementary services changes step S204 over to.
Step S204, application server AS 30 judges whether certain business of intercepted user is monitored;
In this step, perhaps judge according to user's in the message related to calls information whether certain business is monitored, obtain the events corresponding report according to the field of expanding the message related to calls of coming from CSCF entity 20 routes.
In this step, judge on the application server AS 30 that to trigger the mode of monitoring on the application server AS 30 among method that whether certain business monitored and the step S202 identical, obtain the events corresponding report.
Step S205 produces the event report of supplementary service by application server AS 30;
In this step, because CSCF entity 20 can not the concrete relevant information of supplementary service of perception, so produce the event report of supplementary services by application server AS 30.
Step S206, CSCF entity 20 sends to aggregation feature entity 10 with application server AS 30 with event report, numbers processing by 10 pairs of event reports of aggregation feature entity, sends to listening center 60 behind the interpolation serial number etc.
As shown in Figure 3, the monitoring flow chart when being bid transfer service of the present invention.This flow process has been described the embodiment when the bid transfer service.Comprise the steps: among this embodiment
Step S301, CSCF entity 20 is received INVITE;
Step S302, CSCF entity 20 judge the user to be needed to be sent the internal events report by after the monitoring to aggregation feature entity 10;
Step S303 after 10 pairs of inner event reports of aggregation feature entity carry out the encapsulation of standard interface, sends event report to listening center 60;
Step S304, CSCF entity 20 filters according to the field in the INVITE, and selecting application server AS 30 is the calling transfer server, routes to application server AS 30 to message then;
Step S305, application server AS 30 is carried out call transfer service after receiving message, sends internal event afterwards and reports to aggregation feature entity 10;
Step S306 after 10 pairs of inner event reports of aggregation feature entity carry out the encapsulation of standard interface, sends event report to listening center 60;
Step S307 after application server AS 30 is carried out the call transfer service operation, sends INVITE to CSCF entity 20;
Step S308 after CSCF entity 20 is received INVITE, sends the internal event report to aggregation feature entity 10;
Step S309 after 10 pairs of inner event reports of aggregation feature entity carry out the encapsulation of standard interface, sends event report to listening center 60;
Step S310, CSCF entity 20 sends new INVITE.
Through the foregoing description, the user in can the process IP IP multimedia subsystem, IMS sends to listening center 60 at the business event report and the Content of Communication that take place under the supplementary service situation.
The present invention provides a kind of method of monitoring of can realizing for the supplementary service on the IP Multimedia System network; Use this method to realize monitoring, monitor content and comprise IP Multimedia System business event and Content of communciation the supplementary service on the IP Multimedia System network.
Certainly; The present invention also can have other various embodiments; Under the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof; Those of ordinary skill in the art work as can make various corresponding changes and distortion according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and distortion all should belong to the protection range of the appended claim of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. an IP Multimedia System comprises listening center, call conversation control function entity CSCF, application server, it is characterized in that, also comprises: the aggregation feature entity that is connected with said listening center, said CSCF entity, said application server;
Said CSCF entity is used to receive the snoop command that said listening center issues, and the relevant event report of the business that will produce sends to said aggregation feature entity;
Said application server is used for triggering the SM service monitoring to intercepted user according to the control of said CSCF entity, and the event report of the supplementary service that produces is sent to said aggregation feature entity;
Said aggregation feature entity; The unique flag information that is used for the event report of the event report of being correlated with according to said business, said supplementary service carries out filtration treatment; Obtain same once a plurality of event reports of monitoring activity; These a plurality of event reports are numbered processing, and a plurality of event reports that will pass through after numbering is handled send to said listening center successively.
2. IP Multimedia System according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this IP Multimedia System also comprises:
Multimedia resource function processor (MRFP) is connected with said listening center, is used for transmitting Content of Communication to said listening center;
Multimedia resource function controller (MRFC) is connected with said CSCF entity, said Multimedia resource function processor (MRFP), is used to control said Multimedia resource function processor (MRFP) and transmits said Content of Communication to said listening center.
3. IP Multimedia System according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that said CSCF entity determines whether the monitoring information relevant with said intercepted user sent to said application server according to the mode that said application server triggers SM service monitoring.
4. IP Multimedia System according to claim 3 is characterized in that,
When the mode that whether need be monitored with said application server judges triggered SM service monitoring, said CSCF entity sent to said application server with said monitoring information; Or
When the mode of when taking place with business, notifying said application server to monitor by said CSCF entity triggered SM service monitoring, said CSCF entity did not send said monitoring information and gives said application server.
5. according to claim 1 or 2 or 4 described IP Multimedia System, it is characterized in that,
When professional correlated activation took place said intercepted user, said CSCF entity was handled this business correlated activation, obtained the relevant event report of said business, and sent to said aggregation feature entity; Or
When said intercepted user generation supplementary service, said CSCF entity is routed to said application server with the message related to calls that said intercepted user sends, and accomplishes the processing to said supplementary service by said application server.
6. the supplementary service monitoring method of an IP Multimedia System is characterized in that, comprising:
Step 1, listening center sends snoop command to the CSCF entity;
Step 2; Said CSCF entity receives said snoop command; The event report that the business that produces is relevant sends to the aggregation feature entity; The control application server triggers the SM service monitoring to intercepted user, by said application server the event report of the supplementary service that produces is sent to said aggregation feature entity;
Step 3; Said aggregation feature entity carries out filtration treatment according to the unique flag information in the event report of the relevant event report of said business, said supplementary service; Obtain same once a plurality of event reports of monitoring activity; These a plurality of event reports are numbered processing, and a plurality of event reports that will pass through after numbering is handled send to said listening center successively.
7. supplementary service monitoring method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in the said step 2, further comprises:
Said CSCF entity determines whether the monitoring information relevant with said intercepted user sent to the step of said application server according to the mode of said application server triggering SM service monitoring:
When the mode that whether need be monitored with said application server judges triggered SM service monitoring, said CSCF entity sent to said application server with said monitoring information; Or
When the mode of when taking place with business, notifying said application server to monitor by said CSCF entity triggered SM service monitoring, said CSCF entity did not send said monitoring information and gives said application server.
8. according to claim 6 or 7 described supplementary service monitoring methods, it is characterized in that, in the said step 2, further comprise:
When professional correlated activation took place said intercepted user, said CSCF entity was handled this business correlated activation, obtained the relevant event report of said business, and sent to said aggregation feature entity; Or
When said intercepted user generation supplementary service, said CSCF entity is routed to said application server with the message related to calls that said intercepted user sends, and accomplishes the processing to said supplementary service by said application server.
9. supplementary service monitoring method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, in the said step 2, further comprises:
Said application server is further judged the step whether business of said intercepted user is monitored according to said message related to calls.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100572113A CN101222539B (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2008-01-30 | IP multimedia subsystem and its supplementary service monitoring method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100572113A CN101222539B (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2008-01-30 | IP multimedia subsystem and its supplementary service monitoring method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101222539A CN101222539A (en) | 2008-07-16 |
| CN101222539B true CN101222539B (en) | 2012-02-29 |
Family
ID=39632103
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100572113A Expired - Fee Related CN101222539B (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2008-01-30 | IP multimedia subsystem and its supplementary service monitoring method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101222539B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8320363B2 (en) | 2008-12-01 | 2012-11-27 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Implementation method, system and device of IMS interception |
| CN103905398B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2018-01-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Distributed monitor method, act on behalf of monitoring device, interception control device and system |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1870543A (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2006-11-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Reporting method and system of using server, monitoring correlation event using it |
| CN1960292A (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Monitoring method, as well as device and system for collecting monitored data |
| CN101110715A (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2008-01-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for transmitting legal monitoring information |
| CN101110719A (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2008-01-23 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and system for legally monitoring IP multimedia subsystem network |
-
2008
- 2008-01-30 CN CN2008100572113A patent/CN101222539B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1960292A (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Monitoring method, as well as device and system for collecting monitored data |
| CN1870543A (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2006-11-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Reporting method and system of using server, monitoring correlation event using it |
| CN101110715A (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2008-01-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for transmitting legal monitoring information |
| CN101110719A (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2008-01-23 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and system for legally monitoring IP multimedia subsystem network |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101222539A (en) | 2008-07-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US11445336B2 (en) | Land mobile radio dispatch console | |
| CN102611805B (en) | Communication information notifying method, information uploading method, server and communication terminal | |
| RU2435205C2 (en) | Method for legal eavesdropping and apparatus for realising said method | |
| US8594637B2 (en) | System and method for modifying calling behavior | |
| CN104822139B (en) | A method of communicating number isolation and secret protection are realized based on intermediate number | |
| CN113596262A (en) | Method for increasing efficiency and ensuring full coverage of call based on logistics industry and service platform | |
| CN101771769A (en) | Method, device and system for call control | |
| CN101742011A (en) | Lawful interception method for internetwork telephone domain and system thereof | |
| CN1997069B (en) | A method and terminal for special service | |
| CN101222539B (en) | IP multimedia subsystem and its supplementary service monitoring method | |
| CN104869262A (en) | Method and device for intercepting terminal blacklist | |
| CN110943938A (en) | Real-time recording method and system for IMS switching network telephone terminal | |
| CN108259433B (en) | Call queuing distribution method, system and server | |
| CN102307361B (en) | Harassing call monitoring method, device and system | |
| CN101924789B (en) | Method and system for nesting different types of services | |
| CN100502328C (en) | A method, system and monitoring media gateway for multimedia monitoring | |
| CN101022475A (en) | Method, device and system for legal monitoring | |
| CN100486282C (en) | Method for realizing interactive voice | |
| CN102577316B (en) | Method, device and system of data interception | |
| CN104144147A (en) | Voice communication method and system in video monitoring | |
| US8780895B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for detecting relocation of endpoint devices | |
| CN101237660A (en) | A monitoring system and method for next generation network | |
| CN101459731B (en) | Method, system and server for intelligent service monitoring | |
| CN102045598A (en) | Method and device for realizing called party payment service in IP (internet protocol) multimedia sub-system (IMS) network | |
| US20080095342A1 (en) | Interception Of Cashless Calling Service Subscription |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20120229 Termination date: 20180130 |