CN101227242A - Method for forming distributed aerial array beam based on channel correction - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for shaping distributed array aerial beams on the basis of channel rectification, which comprises: building a 'fictitious' aerial cluster, adopting a master-salve structure between each node in the cluster, emitting reference signals to all slave nodes by a master node simultaneously according to preset receiving and sending time slots, utilizing phase-locked loops of the slave nodes to phase-lock received reference signals after each slave node receives the reference signals, then, sending baseband reference signals which are output by each phase-locked loop back to the master node in turn through a feedback mode, calculating out corresponding correction factors according to signals which are returned back from each slave node by the master node and storing, broadcasting in a data mode after obtaining the correction factors of each slave node and abstracting each correction factor from data broadcast by each slave node, finally, utilizing obtained correction factors to phase-correct signals which will be sent after estimating and complementing each slave node according to the reference signals which are sent by a receiving key station by each slave node, superimposing in-phase after all signals which are sent by the slave nodes reach the key station, and forming beams on the key station direction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wave beam formation method of distributed aerial array, particularly a kind of distributed aerial array wave beam formation method based on channel correcting.
Background technology
In wireless communication system, carry out width of cloth weighting mutually by array channel being received with the signal of emission, direction and shape that can the control antenna wave beam, to realize directional transmissions and reception to the specific user, thereby improve power system capacity, improve snr of received signal, under the situation that guarantees the same communication quality, reduce the coverage of transmitting power, expanding system, simultaneously, emitted energy is converged at certain specific direction and also improved security of communication system.
When omnidirectional antenna spatially separated certain distance placement, the phase place of each radiation field of aerial was discrepant.This phase difference has caused radiation field that different intensity is arranged on different directions, and they or stack strengthen or cancel out each other and weaken.Therefore, it is directive having caused synthetic radiation field.Like this, by changing the phase place that each antenna transmits, can realize that just wave beam forms.
When a transmitter has a plurality of antenna, signal phase when transmitter arrives each antenna by control signal is realized directional beam, because whole process all is that carry out this locality in same transmitter, so Frequency Synchronization, Phase synchronization problem are simple relatively.Yet, under many occasions, as wireless sensor network, because the restriction of factors such as power consumption, volume, each sensor node only has single antenna construction, but the demand of demand in wireless sensor network that wave beam forms is still very vigorous, and when for example needing baby plane collecting sensor node data, aircraft and internodal communication distance may be greater than the coverages of all nodes; Perhaps because aircraft or shell dispense, and some sensor node becomes isolated node away from other node, the data of these nodes can't be uploaded to base station (data collecting point).In these cases, if utilize a plurality of single antenna nodes to constitute " virtual " antenna array, form by wave beam and to make the main beam pointing data collecting point, the communication coverage distance increases, thereby addresses the above problem.Because a plurality of single antenna transmitter are cooperated mutually and formed " virtual " antenna array and realize that wave beam forms, and they have oneself local oscillator separately, and are directly not continuous each other, so are called distributed aerial array.
Under the condition that total emission power equates, the wave beam of M array element forms can the more than enough 10log that brings than the transmit diversity based on Space Time Coding of M array element
10The gain of M dB.On the other hand, if it is constant to keep the transmitting power of individual node, the wave beam of M array element forms will have more 20log than single antenna
10The gain of M dB.When the individual node communication distance can't cover the data-collection nodes of distant place, realize that by coherent cooperative the communication mode that wave beam forms will have irreplaceable clear superiority than single node multi-hop communication between distributed node.
There are numerous patent documentations to relate to the bearing calibration of aerial array at present.As disclosed Chinese patent CN1150499A on May 21st, 1997, title is " antenna array calibration ".On April 24th, 2007 laid-open U.S. Patents US 7,209,078, title is " Antenna array calibration (antenna array calibration) ".Yet these patents all are aimed at traditional centralized aerial array, and promptly each antenna has same local vibration source, are connected to correction module by wired mode between each transceiver channel, and are not suitable for " virtual " aerial array of being made up of the single antenna transceiver.
At in May, 2007 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL.6, a kind of wave beam formation method of distributed aerial array has been proposed in the article of delivering on the NO.5 that is entitled as " On the Feasibility of Distributed Beamformingin Wireless Networks ", but supposed in this method that transceiver channel is symmetrical, have reciprocity, and do not consider the error between each node transceiver channel.Yet this in practice interchannel error is to exist really, at first because signal itself is not to handle along same path in reception and process of transmitting, therefore can there be error between transceiver channel, secondly because phase place/gain of channel amplifier varies with temperature variantly, aging, the filter time delay of frequency conversion device and the frequency response that amplitude-frequency/phase-frequency characteristic distortion etc. causes thereof are inconsistent etc. all can make and have error between reception (or transmission) passage of each node.When channel error existed, method described in the document can not be calibrated these errors, can not guarantee the synchronism of its phase place through between the node after the overcorrect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of beam-forming method of the distributive array antenna based on channel correcting, improve the quality of distributive array antenna communication, overcome simultaneously existing method when having channel error from phase place between node can not accurate synchronization problem.For reaching above purpose, the present invention takes following technical scheme to be achieved:
A kind of wave beam formation method of the distributed aerial array based on channel correcting comprises the steps:
A). at first make up " virtual " cluster of antennas, adopt a kind of host-guest architecture in bunch between each node, promptly comprise a host node M and N, control from node S by host node M from node
iCommunicate by letter with the wireless base station BS in a distant place, wherein S
iFor bunch in arbitrary from node, i=1,2 ..., N;
B). according to default transmitting-receiving time slot, host node M to all from the node transmitted reference signal, respectively from node S
1..., S
NReceive this reference signal simultaneously, and it is inputed to separately base band phase locked loop, after stabilized, pll output signal is identical with the input reference signal phase place, and promptly phase-locked loop has recovered reference signal in base band;
C). host node M is made as accepting state, and all are kept the phase-locked loop continuation from node and produce the base band reference signal, and the mode by feeding back, and successively the base band reference signal of phase-locked loop output are separately beamed back host node M by default transmitting-receiving time slot; Host node M calculates corresponding correction factor according to reference signal of self and the reference signal respectively beamed back from node, and correction factor is stored;
D). when host node M obtains all behind the correction factor of node, host node M is broadcast to all from node with the form of data broadcasting with all correction factors from node by default transmitting-receiving time slot, respectively extracts separately correction factor from node from data broadcasting;
E). all are kept phase-locked loop from node and continue to produce the base band reference signal, and by default transmitting-receiving time slot by receiving the reference signal of sending by base station BS, utilize known channel estimation method to base station BS with respectively estimate and compensate from internodal channel;
F). on the basis of channel compensation, each utilizes d again from node) correction factor that obtains the step, treat the signalling phase place and proofread and correct the back by default transmitting-receiving time slot emission; All signals from node emission arrive behind the base station BS with superimposed in bunch, and " virtual " cluster of antennas forms wave beam on the base station BS direction.
In the such scheme, described default transmitting-receiving time slot, it specifically is divided into: complete cycle comprise time slot 1, time slot 2 ..., time slot N, time slot N+1, time slot N+2, wherein time slot 1 can be divided into two sub-slots again to each time slot of time slot N: time slot i.1 with time slot i.2, i=1 ... N, time slot N+2 also are divided into two sub-slots: time slot (N+2) .1 and time slot (N+2) .2; Sub-slots i.1 and (N+2) the pairing slot length of .1 is T1; Sub-slots is the pairing slot length of the .2 T2 that is i.2 and (N+2); The pairing slot length of time slot N+1 is T3; In time slot N, T1 is host node M to respectively from the time of node transmitted reference signal at time slot 1, and T2 is for respectively passing the time of reference signal back from node; In time slot N+1, T3 is the time of the host node broadcast corrections factor; In time slot N+2, the T1 of corresponding sub-slots (N+2) .1 is the base station to respectively from time of node transmitted reference signal, and respectively carries out channel estimating and compensation from node; The T2 of corresponding sub-slots (N+2) .2 forms for respectively from node wave beam being carried out in the base station.
In the described step c), described host node M calculates corresponding correction factor according to reference signal of self and the reference signal respectively beamed back from node, and its detailed process comprises: because from node S
iThe phase place of phase-locked loop output reference signal is-θ
i-θ
Ri-φ
i, through becoming-θ behind up-conversion and the transmission channel
i-θ
Ri-θ
Ti, this signal warp is from node S
iAnd the phase change the when channel between host node M arrives host node M is-2 θ
i-θ
Ri-θ
Ti, i.e. phase error between main and subordinate node; Host node M is by the comparison local reference signal with from node S
iBeam back the phase error of reference signal, obtain for from node S by the correction factor computing module
iCorrection factor; Host node M carries out above-mentioned processing procedure to each from node respectively, up to handling all from node.
In the described step f), respectively utilizing correction factor to treat the signalling phase place from node in bunch proofreaies and correct, its process comprises: in bunch respectively from node between compensation and base station BS on the channel basis, utilization correction factor is separately treated an IQ signal and is weighted the new IQ signal of generation again, and its phase place has been adjusted δ
i
The beneficial effect that the inventive method is brought is: because the carrier phase unanimity is located in the base station that transmits signals to of each node, promptly make each signal hold with superimposed at BS from the node emission, therefore on the direction of BS place, form wave beam, reach distributed wave beam and form, thereby improve signal to noise ratio or reach the purpose of long-distance transmissions.
Keep under the constant condition of the transmitting power of individual node in emission, the wave beam of N array element forms will have more the gain of 20log10N dB than single antenna.Therefore, wave beam is formed under the situation that does not increase each node transmitting power and has increased communication distance.
Except the coverage of expanding communication, adopt the inventive method can also improve the signal to noise ratio of received signal, under the situation that guarantees the same communication quality, can reduce transmitting power.Simultaneously, emitted energy is converged at certain specific direction and also improved security of communication system.
What is more important, in some specific occasion, because restrictions such as node energy consumption and volumes, it is unpractical that individual node adopts many antennas.When single antenna node communication distance can't cover the data-collection nodes of distant place, realize that by coherent cooperative the communication mode that wave beam forms will have irreplaceable clear superiority than single node multi-hop communication between distributed node.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 constitutes virtual antenna array and base station communication system schematic for local node of the present invention.Among the figure: BS, base station; M, host node; S
i, bunch in arbitrary from node; I=1,2 ..., N.
Fig. 2 is the functional block diagram of the master and slave node among Fig. 1.Wherein: Fig. 2 (a) is the master node functionality structured flowchart, and Fig. 2 (b) is from the nodal function structured flowchart;
Fig. 3 is each node initial phase relation in Fig. 1 communication system.
Fig. 4 is that the transmitting-receiving time slot of Fig. 1 communication system is divided.
Fig. 5 is from node S in Fig. 1 communication system
iTransmitting-receiving phase error and phase calibration.Wherein: Fig. 5 (a) is from node S
iHost node M is sent the phase place of resultant base band reference signal after the reference signal down-conversion, i.e. pll output signal phase place; Fig. 5 (b) receives from node S for host node M
iBeam back the phase place of signal, i.e. phase error δ
iFig. 5 (c) is from node S
iBase station BS is sent the phase place of resultant base band reference signal after the reference signal down-conversion; Fig. 5 (d) is from node S
iChannel is compensated, and utilize the phase place that transmits after the correction factor correction channel error.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
(Wireless Sensor Network WSN) is applied as example embodiments of the present invention is described with wireless sensor network.
With reference to figure 1, the present invention includes wireless sensor node and base station BS of cluster energy constraint, the base station BS in the sensor network also is known as data-collection nodes.Owing to reason such as dispensing at random, the communication distance that sensor node and base station BS can occur is far away, the individual node communication range can't cover the situation of base station BS, therefore can be between bunch interior nodes by adopting distributed wave beam generation type, with wave beam aligned data bleeding point, reach the purpose of telecommunication.At first make up " virtual " aerial array (cluster of antennas), adopt a kind of host-guest architecture in bunch between each node, promptly comprise a host node M and N, control from node S by host node M from node
i, S
2... S
i..., S
NCommunicate by letter with the wireless base station BS in a distant place, wherein S
iFor bunch in arbitrary from node, i=1,2 ..., N; Each transducer in the sensor network is equivalent to respectively from node S
1, S
2... S
i..., S
N
Shown in Fig. 2 (a), the functional structure of host node comprises the two large divisions, i.e. base band and radio frequency part.Baseband portion comprises: the correction factor computing module draws correction factor by comparing local reference signal and receiving the reference signal of beaming back from node; Memory is used to store respectively the correction factor from node; Coded modulation becomes frame module, is used for correction factor carried out processes such as coded modulation and is converted into the baseband I Q signal.The reference signal module is used to generate lasting reference signal.Selector is used for selecting different transmitting at different time slots.Radio frequency part comprises: antenna; Radio-frequency (RF) switch is used to switch reiving/transmitting state; Receive path is used for being connected to down conversion module with antenna receiving signal amplification, filtering and with signal.Transmission channel is used for and will exports to the antenna emission after the radiofrequency signal amplification.Radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator, 90 ° of phase shift modules, on/down conversion module, be used to finish the frequency spectrum shift of signal.
Shown in Fig. 2 (b), respectively the functional structure from node comprises the two large divisions, i.e. base band and radio frequency part.Baseband portion comprises: phase-locked loop is used to produce local reference signal; The correction factor extraction module, all that are used for from host node broadcasting are extracted this correction factor from the node correspondence from the node correction factor; Phase adjusting module, according to phase correction factor to the phase place adjustment that transmits; Channel estimating and compensating module are used for channel estimating and compensation; Selector 1,2 is used for selecting different signal input and output directions at different time slots; Identical from the node radio frequency part with the host node radio frequency part.
Each node initial phase relation as shown in Figure 3 in the system.Be without loss of generality, for the purpose of simplifying the description, the phase state of establishing node is: the carrier phase of host node M is zero.φ
1, φ
2..., φ
NBe initial phase from the node radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator; θ
1, θ
2..., θ
NFor host node M arrives from node S
iThe phase error of channel; θ
R1, θ
R2..., θ
RNFor from node S
iThe phase error of receive path; θ
T1, θ
T2..., θ
TNFor from node S
iThe phase error of transmission channel;
,
For base station BS arrives from node S
iThe phase error of channel.
Take time-multiplexed dual-mode to communicate between main and subordinate node and base station, the division of transmitting-receiving time slot as shown in Figure 4 between them.Wherein, T1 is the time of host node or base station reference signal, and T2 is for passing reference signal back or carrying out the time that wave beam forms from node from node, and T3 is the time of the host node broadcast corrections factor.Time slot 1 carries out from the calculating of the phase correction factor of node to time slot N.Wherein each time slot can be divided into two sub-slots again, be called time slot i.1 with time slot i.2, (i=1,2 ..., N).Time slot N+1, host node the general respectively be broadcast to respectively from node from the phase correction factor of node.Time slot N+2 is from node and base station communication time slot, and this time slot can be divided into two sub-slots again, is called time slot (N+2) .1 and time slot (N+2) .2.In time slot (N+2) .1, the base station reference signal is respectively carried out channel estimating from node, and channel is compensated.In time slot (N+2) .2, respectively wave beam is carried out in the base station and form from node.
Specifically may further comprise the steps:
At time slot i.1, host node M to all from the node transmitted reference signal, respectively from node S
1..., S
NReceive this reference signal simultaneously, and the reference signal that receives is down-converted to the base band reference signal.Since respectively the channel phase from node to host node M postpone, respectively from node receive path phase delay and respectively all inequality from node radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator initial phase, therefore, respectively the base band reference signal phase place that obtains from node is also inequality.Specifically, establish θ
iFor host node M and from node S
iBetween the channel phase error, θ
RiFor from node S
iThe phase error of receive path, φ
iFor from node S
iThe radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator initial phase is then from node S
iBase band reference signal phase place be-θ
i-θ
Ri-φ
iFrom node S
iThis base band reference signal is input to its phase-locked loop, and after stabilized, pll output signal is identical with the base band reference signal phase place of input, shown in Fig. 5 (a).
At time slot i.2, from the mode of node Si, the base band reference signal of its phase-locked loop output is beamed back host node M by feedback.Owing to be-θ from the phase place of node Si phase-locked loop output reference signal
i-θ
Ri-φ
i, through becoming-θ behind up-conversion and the transmission channel
i-θ
R1-θ
T1The phase change of this signal when the channel between node Si and host node M arrives host node M is-2 θ
i-θ
R1-θ
T1, referring to Fig. 5 (b).-2 θ
i-θ
R1-θ
T1Be host node M and from the phase error between node Si.Host node M calculates corresponding correction factor from node Si according to the reference signal of self with from the reference signal that node Si beams back.In particular, establish I
L, Q
LBe respectively the I road and the Q road signal of host node reference signal that M sends out, I
Ri, Q
RiThe I road and the Q road signal of the reference signal of beaming back from node Si that is respectively that host node M receives.δ i is host node M and from the phase error between node Si, δ i=-2 θ
i-θ
R1-θ
T1Cos δ i=I then
RiI
L+ Q
RiQ
L, sin δ i=-Q
RiI
L+ I
RiQ
LCos δ i and sin δ i promptly can be used as host node M with from the phase correction factor of node Si.Host node M will preserve from correction factor cos δ i and the sin δ i of node Si.
Host node M carries out above-mentioned processing procedure to each from node respectively, up to handling all from node.
At time slot N+1, host node M issues from node with the form of data broadcasting after all are handled from processes such as the encoded modulation framing of the correction factor of node.Respectively from node S
iFrom this data broadcasting, extract correction factor separately.
At time slot (N+2) .1, all are kept phase-locked loop from node and continue to produce the base band reference signal, and by receiving the reference signal of sending by base station BS, shown in Fig. 5 (c), utilize known channel estimation method to base station BS and the channel separately estimate and compensate, the phase error that the compensate for channel transmission is brought
Concrete channel estimating and compensation method can be exported reference signal as local oscillation signal with phase-locked loop, multiply each other and estimate channel coefficients by receiving reference signal that base station BS is sent out and local oscillation signal, again the channel coefficients that estimates is got the phase error that the conjugation compensate for channel is brought.
At time slot (N+2) .2, on the basis of channel compensation, each is from node S
iUtilize d again) correction factor that obtains in the step, to treat and send out the IQ signal and be weighted and produce new IQ signal, its phase place has been adjusted δ
i, shown in Fig. 5 (d); All signals from node emission arrive behind the base station BS with superimposed in bunch, and " virtual " cluster of antennas forms wave beam on the base station BS direction.
Claims (4)
1. the distributed aerial array wave beam formation method based on channel correcting is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A). at first make up " virtual " cluster of antennas, adopt a kind of host-guest architecture in bunch between each node, promptly comprise a host node M and N, control from node S by host node M from node
iCommunicate by letter with the wireless base station BS in a distant place, wherein S
iFor bunch in arbitrary from node, i=1,2 ..., N;
B). according to default transmitting-receiving time slot, host node M to all from the node transmitted reference signal, respectively from node S
1..., S
NReceive this reference signal simultaneously, and it is inputed to separately base band phase locked loop, after stabilized, pll output signal is identical with the input reference signal phase place, and promptly phase-locked loop has recovered reference signal in base band;
C). host node M is made as accepting state, and all are kept the phase-locked loop continuation from node and produce the base band reference signal, and the mode by feeding back, and successively the base band reference signal of phase-locked loop output are separately beamed back host node M by default transmitting-receiving time slot; Host node M calculates corresponding correction factor according to reference signal of self and the reference signal respectively beamed back from node, and correction factor is stored;
D). when host node M obtains all behind the correction factor of node, host node M with the form of data broadcasting with all from the correction factor of node by default transmitting-receiving time slot to all from node broadcasts, respectively from data broadcasting, extract separately correction factor from node;
E). all are kept phase-locked loop from node and continue to produce the base band reference signal, and by default transmitting-receiving time slot by receiving the reference signal of sending by base station BS, utilize known channel estimation method to base station BS with respectively estimate and compensate from internodal channel;
F). on the basis of channel compensation, each utilizes the correction factor that obtains the step d) again from node, treats the signalling phase place and proofreaies and correct the back by default transmitting-receiving time slot emission; All signals from node emission arrive behind the base station BS with superimposed in bunch, and " virtual " cluster of antennas forms wave beam on the base station BS direction.
2. the distributed aerial array wave beam formation method based on channel correcting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described default transmitting-receiving time slot, it specifically is divided into: complete cycle comprise time slot 1, time slot 2 ..., time slot N, time slot N+1, time slot N+2, wherein time slot 1 can be divided into two sub-slots again to each time slot of time slot N: time slot i.1 with time slot i.2, i=1 ... N, time slot N+2 also are divided into two sub-slots: time slot (N+2) .1 and time slot (N+2) .2; Sub-slots i.1 and (N+2) the pairing slot length of .1 is T1; Sub-slots is the pairing slot length of the .2 T2 that is i.2 and (N+2); The pairing slot length of time slot N+1 is T3; In time slot N, T1 is host node M to respectively from the time of node transmitted reference signal at time slot 1, and T2 is for respectively passing the time of reference signal back from node; In time slot N+1, T3 is the time of the host node broadcast corrections factor; In time slot N+2, the T1 of corresponding sub-slots (N+2) .1 is the base station to respectively from time of node transmitted reference signal, and respectively carries out channel estimating and compensation from node; The T2 of corresponding sub-slots (N+2) .2 forms for respectively from node wave beam being carried out in the base station.
3. the distributed aerial array wave beam formation method based on channel correcting as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in the described step c), host node M calculates corresponding correction factor according to reference signal of self and the reference signal respectively beamed back from node, and its detailed process comprises: because from node S
iThe phase place of phase-locked loop output reference signal is-θ
i-θ
Ri-φ
i, through becoming-θ behind up-conversion and the transmission channel
i-θ
Ri-θ
Ti, this signal warp is from node S
iAnd the phase change the when channel between host node M arrives host node M is-2 θ
i-θ
Ri-θ
Ti, i.e. phase error between main and subordinate node; Host node M is by the comparison local reference signal with from node S
iBeam back the phase error of reference signal, obtain for from node S by the correction factor computing module
iCorrection factor; Host node M carries out above-mentioned processing procedure to each from node respectively, up to handling all from node.
4. the distributed aerial array wave beam formation method based on channel correcting as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described step f), respectively utilizing correction factor to treat the signalling phase place from node in bunch proofreaies and correct, its process comprises: in bunch respectively from node between compensation and base station BS on the channel basis, utilization correction factor is separately treated an IQ signal and is weighted the new IQ signal of generation again, and its phase place has been adjusted δ
i
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