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CN101195161B - 动压轴承制造方法 - Google Patents

动压轴承制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101195161B
CN101195161B CN2006101573650A CN200610157365A CN101195161B CN 101195161 B CN101195161 B CN 101195161B CN 2006101573650 A CN2006101573650 A CN 2006101573650A CN 200610157365 A CN200610157365 A CN 200610157365A CN 101195161 B CN101195161 B CN 101195161B
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bearing
obturator
hydrodynamic bearing
hydrodynamic
manufacture method
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CN101195161A (zh
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侯春树
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Hong Jun Precision Industry Co ltd
Fuzhun Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Hong Jun Precision Industry Co ltd
Fuzhun Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
    • B22F3/1025—Removal of binder or filler not by heating only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
    • F16C17/026—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only with helical grooves in the bearing surface to generate hydrodynamic pressure, e.g. herringbone grooves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
    • F16C33/107—Grooves for generating pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/02—Shaping by casting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/20—Shaping by sintering pulverised material, e.g. powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/40—Shaping by deformation without removing material
    • F16C2220/48—Shaping by deformation without removing material by extrusion, e.g. of metallic profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/60—Shaping by removing material, e.g. machining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2370/00—Apparatus relating to physics, e.g. instruments
    • F16C2370/12—Hard disk drives or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49639—Fluid bearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
    • Y10T29/49645—Thrust bearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49696—Mounting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/497—Pre-usage process, e.g., preloading, aligning

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

一种动压轴承制造方法，包括如下步骤：提供一填充体，该填充体表面突出设有若干凸起；将该填充体置于一中空轴承模具的中心位置，并以注塑成型方式充填轴承模具中空腔体以形成动压轴承胚体；通过脱脂方式将填充体从动压轴承胚体中移除；烧结动压轴承胚体。该动压轴承利用填充体，通过注塑成型制程一体成型该动压轴承的胚体和动压沟槽，有利于提高产品的量产性及稳定性，且可使该动压轴承的动压沟槽轴向相互间隔，不易漏油，动压效果好。

Description

动压轴承制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及轴承制造方法，特别涉及一种动压轴承制造方法。
背景技术
目前，轴承广泛应用于各种设备中，尤其是动压轴承在电子装置中使用得更加普遍，如硬盘驱动器(HDD)、光盘驱动器(CD-ROM)、数字化视频光盘机(DVD)、微型光盘机(MiniDisc)、磁光盘机(MO)及散热风扇等领域，这些装置中马达的轴承尺寸小，对轴承的回转精度及寿命的要求高。
动压轴承是在转轴与轴承之间的微小间隙内形成一层流体(可为气体或液体)润滑油膜，润滑流体通过流经不同断面积的剪力作用而产生一动压效果，使得该动压轴承以高刚性对转轴进行支承及润滑，从而转轴与轴承不直接接触，可减少磨损、降低噪音。
通常采用的一种动压轴承如图1所示，在制造该动压轴承时，一般是先制造中空的轴承，再利用化学蚀刻或电解放电加工或机械加工或转印等方法，在中空轴承内壁表面刻划出所需的动压沟槽。然而由于轴承的微型化趋势使得轴承内径相对地缩小，同时其动压沟槽的纹路更加细微，且轴承的中空部份狭小，因此在形成此动压沟槽时非常地困难，难以提高产品的量产性及稳定性。
中国专利公告CN1746521A号揭示了一种耳垂式的动压轴承，该动压轴承的动压沟槽轴向相通，当轴旋转时，润滑油倾向流向该轴的端部而导致润滑油不易保存且径向动压效果减弱，从而难以发挥动压轴承的功效；另有中国专利公告CN1721717A号揭示了一种组合式动压轴承装置及其制造方法，而该制造方法中各轴承块由于是分开制造成型，易造成各轴承块在组合时的组配公差及同心度问题，同时各轴承块的密接部分将有润滑油泄漏问题，最后都将导致轴承动压效果的不均。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种具有好的量产性及稳定性且动压效果好的动压轴承制造方法。
一种动压轴承制造方法，包括如下步骤：提供一填充体，该填充体表面突出设有若干凸起；将该填充体置于一中空轴承模具的中心位置，并以注塑成型方式充填轴承模具中空腔体以形成动压轴承胚体；通过脱脂方式将填充体从动压轴承胚体中移除；烧结动压轴承胚体。
本发明的动压轴承利用填充体，通过注塑成型制程一体成型该动压轴承的胚体和动压沟槽，有利于提高产品的量产性及稳定性，且可使该动压轴承的动压沟槽轴向相互间隔，不易漏油，动压效果好。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中一动压轴承剖视图。
图2是本发明动压轴承制造方法的流程图。
图3是本发明填充体的立体图。
图4是本发明动压轴承胚体和填充体的组合图。
图5是本发明动压轴承的一剖视图。
具体实施方式
请参阅图2至图5，本发明一实施例的动压轴承30内孔表面分布有若干“人”字形动压沟槽34，这些动压沟槽34用以产生动压效果。该动压轴承30的制造方法包括以下步骤：首先，提供一填充体10，该填充体10表面突出设有若干凸起14；其次，将该填充体10置于一中空轴承模具(图未示)的中心位置，并以注塑成型方式将金属粉体或陶瓷粉体材料充填入该轴承模具的中空腔体，以形成该动压轴承胚体20；接着，通过脱脂方式将该填充体10从该动压轴承胚体20中移除，从而该动压轴承胚体20的内壁表面便形成了动压沟槽34的纹路；然后，高温烧结该动压轴承胚体20，最后，以机械加工方式修整该动压轴承胚体20的内径尺寸以得到所需要的动压轴承30。
在该填充体10的结构设计、选材和制程过程中：该填充体10的结构形状需根据该动压轴承30内壁表面的动压沟槽34的形状来设计，即该填充体10的表面结构形状和该动压轴承30的内壁及动压沟槽34能够对应互补。如图3及图5所示，以该动压轴承30上“人”字形动压沟槽34为例设计一填充体10，该填充体10包括一圆柱形本体12和若干间隔分布在该本体12圆周表面上的“人”字形凸起14，该本体12的外表面可与该动压轴承30的内表面对应，该凸起14用以成型该动压轴承30的动压沟槽34。该填充体10可以采用注塑、熔模铸造或机加工等多种方式成型。在选择该填充体10的材料时，除了需要考虑到成型工艺、成本及量产性外，还要考虑到后续制程工艺对该填充体10材料性能的要求，比如后续制程中注塑成型该轴承胚体20时，该填充体10的材料熔点应比注塑材料的熔点高，否则将会导致该填充体10熔化，无法得到所需动压轴承30的形状和尺寸；同时，后续制程的脱脂过程要求该填充体10的材料易于脱脂，且不会导致该动压轴承胚体20产生变形、弯曲或破裂等缺陷。比如选用高熔点的石蜡作为该填充体10的主要材料，同时混合有分散剂、介面活性剂及辅助剂等，此时的填充体10宜采用注塑成型的方法制造。注塑成型使用的主要设备是柱塞式或螺杆式往复注射机，该注塑成型过程大致可分为：熔解—注射—冷却等三个阶段，其具体过程是：塑化好的熔体靠柱塞或螺杆的推力注入闭合的模腔内，经冷却固化定型，开模得到所需的制品。应根据填充体10的表面形状设计注射模具(图未示)，对该注射模具的设计应着重考虑到制品收缩率的补偿及浇口的流畅；该注射模具的主要功能有：接受熔体和分配熔体、成型制品、保压冷却、顶出注塑成品、承受锁模和注射压力、传递机械运动和引导模具内各部件的运动。
在该动压轴承胚体20的成型过程中：用于成型动压轴承胚体20的中空轴承模具结构，需根据该动压轴承30结构尺寸并结合该填充体10的结构尺寸来设计；针对不同的填充体10的材料，可选用不同的注塑成型方式充填成型该动压轴承胚体20的粉体材料，当填充体10为高熔点的石蜡系材料时，可采用挤压成型的方式，具体过程是：首先将低熔点的石蜡作为黏结剂与金属或陶瓷粉末混合，然后加热使该混合物中黏结剂熔化，接着采用挤压的方式将该混合物挤入该中空轴承腔体以成型所需轴承胚体20。当填充体10的材料为其他熔点较高的高分子材料时，可选用粉末射出成型方式，具体过程是：首先将金属或陶瓷粉末与高分子或有机黏结剂于高温下混合，使混合物具有类似塑料流变行为，然后将塑化后的混合物经射出成型机加热、加压射入中空轴承腔体以成型所需轴承胚体20。需要注意的是，粉末射出成型方式可分为金属粉末射出成型和陶瓷粉末射出成型，应根据所需轴承胚体20的材料选用合适方式，同时应保证作为填充体10的高分子材料的熔点相比于采用成型该轴承胚体20射出材料温度高，以确保填充体10与该射出材料接触时不会熔化，而该粉末射出成型过程所用设备可采用与所述注塑成型过程中相同的注射机，当轴承胚体20采用粉末射出方式成型时，应对螺杆式注射机的螺杆进行热处理，使其具有高耐磨性。射出成形的制品具有很高的形状自由度，能够最大限度得到接近最终形状的零件，能有效减少后续加工量，且射出成型相对于其它成型方式更有利于制造高熔点、高强度、复杂形状的零件，易实现自动化、大批量生产。
在脱脂过程中：可供选择的脱脂方法有多种，比如溶剂脱脂或热脱脂，当填充体10的主要是由高熔点的石蜡系材料组成时，而用以成型轴承胚体20的射出材料中包含有低熔点的石蜡，此时宜采用热脱脂的方法，比如加压热脱脂、真空热脱脂、微波热脱脂或是速率控制热脱脂等方法；而当填充体10的主要是由高分子塑胶材料组成时，可先用溶剂脱脂的方法脱除部分黏结剂，然后采用热脱脂的方法，但是在此种在热脱脂工艺中，由于填充体10的热膨胀系数与动压轴承胚体20的热膨胀系数不同，容易导致该轴承胚体20的破裂。
在脱脂过程后，由于部分黏结剂的去除，所得到的动压轴承胚体20往往比较疏松，需要对该动压轴承胚体20进行烧结使其变得更致密化，以得到高密度、高强度的制品。根据不同的轴承胚体20材料，可选择在真空、氧气或氮气等氛围下进行高温烧结。
烧结后，该动压轴承胚体20将会发生收缩变形，可采用机械加工方式对该胚体20进行尺寸修整。常用的机加工方式有多种，比如拉刀修整，钻头修整，研磨，数控等等，也可使用化学蚀刻或电解放电方式，但其成本较高，一般不推荐使用。
综上所述，本发明的动压轴承30的制造方法利用填充体10，通过注塑成型制程一体成型该动压轴承30和动压沟槽34，有利于提高产品的量产性及稳定性，且可使该动压轴承30的动压沟槽34轴向相互间隔，不易漏油，动压效果好。

Claims (10)

1.一种动压轴承制造方法，包括如下步骤：
提供一填充体，该填充体表面突出设有若干凸起；
将该填充体置于一中空轴承模具的中心位置，并以注塑成型方式充填轴承模具中空腔体以形成动压轴承胚体；
通过脱脂方式将填充体从动压轴承胚体中移除；
烧结动压轴承胚体；
形成动压轴承。
2.如权利要求1所述的动压轴承制造方法，其特征在于：所述填充体包括一圆柱形本体和若干间隔分布在该本体圆周表面上的“人”字形凸起，该本体的外表面与该动压轴承的内表面配合，该凸起用以成型该动压轴承内表面的动压沟槽。
3.如权利要求2所述的动压轴承制造方法，其特征在于：所述填充体表面形状和该动压轴承的内壁及动压沟槽对应互补。
4.如权利要求1所述的动压轴承制造方法，其特征在于：所述填充体采用注塑、熔模铸造或机加工方式制作成型。
5.如权利要求1或4所述的动压轴承制造方法，其特征在于：所述填充体材料熔点应比后续注塑成型该动压轴承的注塑料熔点高，且采用脱脂方式去除。
6.如权利要求5所述的动压轴承制造方法，其特征在于：所述填充体材料采用高熔点的石蜡作为其主要成分。
7.如权利要求1所述的动压轴承制造方法，其特征在于：所述注塑成型该动压轴承胚体的方式采用挤压成型或者粉末射出成型方式。
8.如权利要求7所述的动压轴承制造方法，其特征在于：所述粉末射出成型的方式为金属粉末射出成型或者陶瓷粉末射出成型。
9.如权利要求1所述的动压轴承制造方法，其特征在于：所述脱脂方式为溶剂脱脂或热脱脂。
10.如权利要求1所述的动压轴承制造方法，其特征在于：在烧结工艺过程后，再使用机加工方式对该动压轴承胚体进行修整。
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