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CN101170968B - 椎间盘假体 - Google Patents

椎间盘假体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101170968B
CN101170968B CN2006800150661A CN200680015066A CN101170968B CN 101170968 B CN101170968 B CN 101170968B CN 2006800150661 A CN2006800150661 A CN 2006800150661A CN 200680015066 A CN200680015066 A CN 200680015066A CN 101170968 B CN101170968 B CN 101170968B
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intermediate member
edge
guide
intervertebral disk
base portion
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CN101170968A (zh
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热罗姆·勒维厄
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Spineart SA
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种椎间盘假体，包括：上部板件(16)，具有基本平坦的支撑面的下部板件(18)，以及装有轮圈(23)并被球形罩盖(24)覆盖的基部(22)的中间部件，所述上部板件与所述球形罩盖形成球窝式接合。所述中间部件的基部与支撑面接触。下部板件(18)具有导向件(22)，所述导向件包括将中间部件夹持于其间的两个边缘(28a，28b)。所述轮圈与所述边缘(28a，28b)接触，所述轮圈为圆形且适于使中间部件能够沿边缘(28a，28b)的长度滚动。

Description

椎间盘假体
技术领域
本发明涉及椎间盘假体。更特别地，本发明涉及一种椎间盘假体，包括上部板件、具有基本平坦的支撑面的下部板件、以及包括基部的中间部件，所述基部具有轮圈并在其顶部装有球形罩盖，也就是形成凸出部的体积。所述上部板件具有与所述球形罩盖互补的凹口并且与所述罩盖接触，从而限定所述上部板件与所述中间部件之间的球窝式接合。所述上述中间部件的基部与所述支撑面接触。所述下部板件具有包括相互面对的前部边缘和后部边缘的导向件，所述前部边缘和后部边缘之间保持基本不变的距离，且将所述中间部件夹持于二者之间。所述基部的轮圈与所述边缘中的至少之一相接触。
背景技术
US 2004/0143332-A1介绍了上述类型的假体，其中，中间部件通过在轨道中滑动沿着圆弧轨迹移动。
然而，构成假体的不同部件可受到局部摩擦力，长期受到这种摩擦力可有损假体的最佳效力。
DE 203 156 11 U涉及椎间盘假体，其罩盖保持在凹口中央并且被减震器环绕。中间部件仅可能发生由前到后的所谓“前后”移动，而不可能沿着边缘滚动。与中间部件接触的边缘是假体的侧面边缘。
US-A-04/0002761介绍了一种包括凹面部件的椎间盘假体。其中，中间部件仅可沿假体的前后边缘前后运动，尤其不可能通过滚动而移动。
发明内容
特别地，本发明的目的为提出一种与现有技术中的假体相比，具有提高的使用寿命的假体。
为此，根据本发明的椎间盘假体的特征在于，所述轮圈是圆形的且适合于允许中间部件沿着边缘滚动。
借助于这些设置，通过将接触替换为在导向件边缘上的摩擦，假体不再有任何固定的磨损点，从而能够增加假体最佳使用的持续时间。
可选地，在根据本发明的假体的各种实施方式中，还可使用以下配置中的一个和/或其他：
-导向件的边缘具有非圆形的二次曲线类型的外形，以便引导中间部件沿二次曲线类型的轨迹运动；
-导向件的边缘为抛物线形；
-中间部件可以在轨迹的每个点上沿着垂直于轨迹上的点的切线的轴线移动，导向件的两个边缘之间具有0.1至3mm之间的间距值；
-中间部件沿轨迹的运动幅度是基部22的直径的0.01至2倍；
-导向件是在下部板件中形成的凹陷；
-中间部件的基部具有包括多个开槽的外围圆形凸缘，以通过凸缘的变形来消减导向件的边缘与凸缘之间的震动；
-凸缘由高分子量的聚乙烯材料制成。
参照以下附图，阅读本发明的一个非示例性的实施方式之后，本发明的其它特征和有益效果将显而易见。
附图说明
-图1为放置于两椎骨间的、根据本发明的假体的纵切面视图；
-图2为根据第一实施方式变体的假体的一部分的正视图；
-图3为根据第一实施方式变体的假体的一部分的正视图；
-图4为根据第一实施方式变体的中间部件的正视图；
在不同的附图中，相同的附图标记表示相同或相似的部件。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及趋向于放置于两块脊椎骨12与14之间的椎间盘假体10。例如，图1示出了其间放置有根据本发明的椎间盘假体10的两块脊椎骨12与14的侧视图。这种类型的假体10可用于取代由于损伤、疾病或者年龄因素导致恶化的椎间盘。
上述这些类型的恶化能够导致两块椎骨之间固有间隔改变。固有间隔变窄能够导致压迫某些神经，并因而产生疼痛。
因此依照本发明的椎间盘假体可用于维持两块椎骨之间的固有间隔。
此外，必须允许两块椎骨根据其正常移动而相对移动。特别地，其必须允许部分对应于人体颈部区域的颈或躯干的旋转运动的轴向的旋转运动、对应于人体上部或者颈部区域的头的弯曲或者伸展运动的前后运动、以及对应于人体上部或者颈部区域的颈的倾斜的横向运动。
根据本发明的椎间盘假体10包括上部板件16和下部板件18，上述两个板件分别具有分别朝向于上部的椎骨和下部的椎骨的外表面16a和18a。在每个外表面16a和18a上具有允许板件16和18固定于椎骨上的齿状物，图中没有示出。
上部板件16和下部板件18还分别包括内表面16b和18b。内表面沿着第一前后轴X横向延展，并沿着垂直于第一轴的第二轴Y纵向延展，上述两个板件彼此面对，且均与中间部件20接触。
中间部件20具有包括圆形轮圈的圆形基部22。基部22的上方装有球形罩盖24。基部22以可移动的形式安装于下部板件18的内表面18b，球形罩盖24与上部板件16的内表面16b上形成的凹口26相配合。凹口26具有球形的轮廓，从而可得到中间部件20的球形罩盖24与上部板件16之间的球窝式接合。
上部板件16以铬钴、钛、或不锈钢的材料制成，中间部件以具有极好的滑移特性的高密度聚乙烯类型的塑料材料制成。
固定于上部椎骨12的上部板件16与通过下部板件18连接于下部椎骨14的中间部件20之间的球窝式接合可再产生脊椎骨12和14之间的弯曲或者延展运动、以及倾斜运动。
图3示出下部板件18的内表面18b与中间部件20的正视图。下部板件18的内表面18b具有引导中间部件20运动的凹陷28。如图3所示，凹陷是“肾形”的，由基本平坦的支持面34、前部边缘28a、后部边缘28b、以及两个末端边缘28c和28d限定，末端边缘28c和28d连接前部边缘28a和后部边缘28b。前部边缘28a和后部边缘28b关于前后轴(X)对称，且都具有二次曲线类型的形状，如图3中沿前后轴向后部开口的抛物线所示。
边缘(28a，28b，28c，28d)也可形成一连串的二次曲线。
图3中，示出的前后向轴X是抛物线轨迹的对称轴。由对应于两个边缘28a、28b之间的中线的虚线表示抛物线轨迹。
该特征使中间部件20能够沿二次曲线类型或二次曲线系列类型的轨迹运动，从而使中间部件在两椎骨之间具有接近真实旋转的运动，所述二次曲线类型例如圆弧、抛物线的一部分、双曲线或者椭圆形，所述二次曲线系列类型例如多个邻接的圆弧。
图2中，示出的轨迹是圆弧。
图3中，示出的轨迹是抛物线，其简化的笛卡儿方程为：
y2＝2px。
此外，在两个末端边缘之间沿二次曲线类型轨迹的移动幅度D为中间部件20的基部22的直径的0.01至2倍，使适应于不同的病理情况，并使得患者恢复能力以完成接近真实运动的运动。
此外，凹陷28使得中间部件20能够从前端后端转移，以实现其在弯曲运动的过程中向中间部件的后部的移动，以及在伸展运动的过程中向中间部件的前部的移动。
根据病理情况，对于轨迹上每个点，沿垂直于该点的切线的轴线从前向后的运动的幅度A有利地为0.1至3mm之间，且优选地在0.5至3mm之间。
凹陷28的这一特征使得可得到能重现自然的椎间接合的假体，尤其是在进行弯曲和旋转的组合运动时。
当将中间部件20的基部22移动到位于下部板件18的内表面18b的凹陷28时，基部22的轮圈23与凹陷的边缘28a和28b接触。然后中间部件20沿限定凹陷28的边缘28a与28b滚动，这样，通过纯滑动避免了由于接触时产生的摩擦力导致的早磨损现象。如果对凹陷28的支撑面进行处理以改善其滑动性能(例如聚合镜处理，或者氮化物包覆)，以及如果基部的底部由高分子量聚乙烯制造，则可在基部22的底部与凹陷28的支撑面之间产生滑动，以限制中间部件20运动时产生的摩擦以及由此而产生的过早磨损。
例如，如果凹陷的边缘具有圆弧的形状，则基部22的轮圈上的每个点将作圆形曲线的运动。
根据图4所示的本发明的变体，中间部件的基部包括具有穿过其中或未穿过其中的多个开槽32的外围圆形凸缘，以消减凹陷28的边缘28a和28b与凸缘之间的震动。事实上，凸缘(30)由高分子量聚乙烯类型的材料或者具有良好减震特性的任何其它生物相容的材料制成，当中间部件到达抵靠凹陷28的边缘28a、28b的阻挡件时，存在有开槽32的所述凸缘具有足够的变形能力来削减振动。从而可减少病人受到的接合处的疼痛。

Claims (7)

1.椎间盘假体，包括：
-上部板件(16)；
-具有基本平坦的支撑面的下部板件(18)；以及
-中间部件(20)，包括具有轮圈(23)的基部(22)，并由球形罩盖(24)覆盖其顶部；
所述上部板件具有与所述球形罩盖互补的凹入处，并且与所述球形罩盖接触以限定所述上部板件(16)与所述中间部件(20)之间的球窝式接合；
所述中间部件的所述基部与所述支撑面接触；
所述下部板件(18)具有导向件(28)，所述导向件(28)为在所述下部板件(18)中形成的凹陷，所述导向件(28)包括相互面对的前部边缘和后部边缘(28a，28b)，在所述前部边缘和后部边缘之间具有基本恒定的距离，并将所述中间部件夹持在所述前部边缘和后部边缘之间；
所述中间部件的所述基部的所述轮圈与所述前部边缘和后部边缘(28a，28b)中的至少之一接触，其中，所述轮圈为圆形并适合于允许所述中间部件沿所述前部边缘与后部边缘(28a，28b)滚动。
2.如权利要求1所述的椎间盘假体，其中所述导向件的所述边缘(28a，28b)具有非圆形的二次曲线类型的外形，以引导所述中间部件沿二次曲线类型的轨迹运动。
3.如权利要求2所述的椎间盘假体，其中所述导向件的所述边缘(28a，28b)为抛物线形。
4.如权利要求1所述的椎间盘假体，其中所述中间部件(20)根据轨迹放置，对于所述轨迹上的每个点，能够沿着垂直于该点的切线的轴线在两个所述边缘(28a，28b)之间偏移0.1至3mm之间的距离。
5.如权利要求4所述的椎间盘假体，其中所述圆形轮圈具有直径，且所述中间部件沿所述轨迹的运动幅度是所述基部(22)的直径的0.01至2倍。
6.如权利要求1所述的椎间盘假体，其中所述中间部件(20)的所述基部(22)具有包括多个开槽(32)的外围圆形凸缘(30)，以通过所述凸缘的变形来消减所述导向件(28)与所述凸缘(30)之间的震动。
7.如权利要求6所述的椎间盘假体，其中所述凸缘(30)由高分子量的聚乙烯制成。
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