CN1011519B - 一种造纸工艺 - Google Patents
一种造纸工艺Info
- Publication number
- CN1011519B CN1011519B CN89103417A CN89103417A CN1011519B CN 1011519 B CN1011519 B CN 1011519B CN 89103417 A CN89103417 A CN 89103417A CN 89103417 A CN89103417 A CN 89103417A CN 1011519 B CN1011519 B CN 1011519B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- poly
- silicic acid
- ton
- retention agents
- aluminium compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- 150000001399 aluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229960004029 silicic acid Drugs 0.000 description 65
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000951 Aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGJZLNKBHJESQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Epi-Betulin-Saeure Natural products C1CC(O)C(C)(C)C2CCC3(C)C4(C)CCC5(C(O)=O)CCC(C(=C)C)C5C4CCC3C21C QGJZLNKBHJESQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLOUCVRNYSHRCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3beta-Hydroxy-20(29)-Lupen-3,27-oic acid Natural products C1CC(O)C(C)(C)C2CCC3(C)C4(C(O)=O)CCC5(C)CCC(C(=C)C)C5C4CCC3C21C CLOUCVRNYSHRCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DIZWSDNSTNAYHK-XGWVBXMLSA-N Betulinic acid Natural products CC(=C)[C@@H]1C[C@H]([C@H]2CC[C@]3(C)[C@H](CC[C@@H]4[C@@]5(C)CC[C@H](O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]5CC[C@@]34C)[C@@H]12)C(=O)O DIZWSDNSTNAYHK-XGWVBXMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940077746 antacid containing aluminium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008293 association colloid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PZXJOHSZQAEJFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrobetulinic acid Natural products C1CC(O)C(C)(C)C2CCC3(C)C4(C)CCC5(C(O)=O)CCC(C(C)C)C5C4CCC3C21C PZXJOHSZQAEJFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- MQYXUWHLBZFQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N nepehinol Natural products C1CC(O)C(C)(C)C2CCC3(C)C4(C)CCC5(C)CCC(C(=C)C)C5C4CCC3C21C MQYXUWHLBZFQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000957 no side effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001596 poly (chlorostyrenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/59—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
- D21H21/20—Wet strength agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
- D21H23/06—Controlling the addition
- D21H23/14—Controlling the addition by selecting point of addition or time of contact between components
- D21H23/18—Addition at a location where shear forces are avoided before sheet-forming, e.g. after pulp beating or refining
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/28—Starch
- D21H17/29—Starch cationic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
- D21H17/44—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/58—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
Abstract
由含有纤维素的纤维及任选的填料组成的悬浮纸浆在网膜上成型及脱水的造纸工艺,成型和脱水是在一种铝化合物,一种阳离子留着剂和一种具有高比表面积的聚硅酸存在下进行的,这种混合物的存在改进了纤维碎片和填料的脱水性和留着率。
Description
本发明是利用一种特殊混合物以改进留着率和脱水性的造纸工艺。本发明特别是有关利用铝化合物,聚合硅酸和一种阳离子留着剂的特殊混合物(组合物)的造纸工艺。
在造纸工艺中利用阳离子留着剂和无机二氧化硅为基质的胶体以改进其留着率和脱水性是众所周知的。欧洲专利41056号专利说明了使用阳离子淀粉和硅酸溶胶相混合以达到这一目的;欧洲专利申请号218674,发明了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺和二氧化硅溶胶的混合物。从美国专利4643801号专利可以进一步得知将阳离子淀粉。阴离子二氧化硅溶胶和阴离子高分子量聚合物混合起来应用于造纸的过程。这三种成分所组成的系统,按美国专利,是可以和铝化合物,如矾铝酸钠和聚氯化羟基铝来混合使用的。
虽然从欧洲专利41056号可知聚硅酸可用于造纸,但在过去几年中商业二氧化硅基胶体用于造纸方面却一直是增加的,这种类型的二氧化硅胶体微粒的大小一般是由约4nm(4毫微米)至7nm,也就是说其比表面积约为700至300米2/克。就一般的考虑而言,胶质硅酸溶胶当其微粒具有以上的大小时,可以得到最好的结果而且就其稳定性而言也是很好的。
本发明惊奇的发现一种阳离子聚合留着剂和聚合硅酸(也称之为聚硅酸)的系统带有极高的比表面积,当加入铝化合物时,可以极大地提高留着率和脱水性的作用。对于这种系统而言,铝化合物所改进的脱水性能的作用要比用于商业类型的二氧化硅基质的胶体系统中要大得多。由于改进了脱水这一效果,造纸机的速度可以提高,此外,在造纸机的压制和干燥过程中必须被排出的水减少,从经济的角度来看,这是造纸工艺的一大改进。按本发明的混合物可使短纤维的强度得到改善,这样又意味着可利用高的剪切力来生产纸张而无副作用。在制造不同种类质量的纸时,含按硫酸盐法所生产的浆液的原料在大多数情况下常常含有大量的盐,特别是硫酸钠,这可以产生高离子含量,但对所使用的纸张化学物质会产生副作用。已经发现,现在的系统对这种高含量的盐有很好的容忍性,比相应的使用商业类型二氧化硅基质的胶体来说本系统可以很好地改善造纸原料中所含盐的作用。同时对于含木质的造纸备料和含有大量被溶解的有机物质的回收纤维原料来说,本发明可获得比商业二氧化硅基质的溶胶要好得多的结果。
所以本发明是关于使一种含有纤维质和选择含有填料的悬浮纤维素在一种金属网上成形和脱水的造纸工艺。成形和脱水是在加入铝化合物,聚合阳离子留着剂和至少1050米2/克的比表面积的聚硅酸情况下进行的。
三种成分可按任何顺序加入纤维悬浮液中。假如铝化合物在加入其它两种成份之前加入的话,通常可得到最好的结果。这种混合物根据本发明而言可用于宽达4-10pH范围之内的造纸备料中。对
于6至7的中性pH值,不论是加入阳离子留着剂及加入聚硅酸的顺序如何,差不多都可以得到同样好的结果。对于较大的酸性pH值而言,当在6以下时,则最好是在加入阳离子留着剂之前就加入聚硅酸另外对于具有7以上的pH值的造纸备料来说,则在加入阳离子留着剂之后再加入聚硅酸的话,一般均可得到较好的结果。
至于铝化合物,则任何用于造纸的这类化合物均可应用,例如矾、聚铝化合物、铝酸盐、氯化铝、硝酸铝等。而矾及铝酸钠则特别适宜。特别是采用铝酸钠可以得到特别好的结果,而这类化合物又很便宜,所以最好用作铝的来源。
矾和铝酸钠是熟知的造纸化学用品,就不必再作任何更进一步的定义了。至于这里提到的聚铝化合物则是指已知的用于造纸的这类化合物。聚铝化合物是碱性的,并由多核络合物构成的。存在于水溶液中的聚铝化合物,每个离子应最少含有4个铝原子,最好能有10个以上。铝原子在络合物中的上限量视水相的组成而定,可按浓度及pH值等变化,通常不超过30。铝对相反离子的克分子比例,除了氢氧根离子外至少应为0.4∶1,但最好应不少于0.6∶1。例如,对于一种适当的聚铝化合物可用下列基本公式来表示:
n〔Al2(OH)mCl6-m〕
它具有30至90%的碱度,最好是33至83%。(分别为m=2和m=5)。碱度定义为(OH)根的个数除以(OH)根个数和氯离子数之和再乘以100,即(m∶6)×100。聚铝化合物也可以包括氯离子之外的其它阴离子,例如硫酸中的阴离子以及磷酸,有机酸象柠檬酸,草酸等中的阴离子。最通常的聚铝化合物类型具有m=3,即Al2(OH)3Cl3,其碱度约为50%。这类含硫酸盐和不含硫酸盐的化合物均可在市面上获得。
常用于造纸业的阳离子聚合型留着剂,按本发明而言是可以应用的。它们可以碳水化合物为基质或通过合成得到。例如比较合适的阳离子留着剂,可以提到的是阳离子淀粉、阳离子瓜耳胶、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺。聚乙烯亚胺和聚氨基胺等。阳离子淀粉和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺是比较好的阳离子留着剂。
在本发明的混合物中用作阴离子的无机物质的聚硅酸具有很高的比表面积,可低至1050米2/克。微粒较为适当的是能具有1100至1700米2/克的比表面积,最好是能在1200至1600米2/克之间。所说的比表面积是用Sears所著的“分析化学”28(1956)1981书中所说的滴定方法进行测定的。聚硅酸可以由碱金属硅酸盐如钾或钠水玻璃,最好是钠水玻璃,用酸化法来制作这些可得到的硅酸盐具有不同的SiO2与Na2O或K2O克分子比,通常是在1.5∶1至4.5∶1之间,水玻璃常常是具有约13或高于13的原始pH值。任何这类碱金属硅酸盐或水玻璃均可用来制作精细的聚硅酸微粒,这一制作是用一种稀硅酸盐水溶液由酸化法来完成的。酸化时,例如可使用无机酸,如硫酸、盐酸、磷酸或酸性离子交换树脂等。生产聚硅酸时用于酸化的许多其他化学品也是已知的,如硫酸铵,二氧化碳等。无机酸或酸性离子交换树脂或者其组合物均可使用。酸化是在pH值在1至9的范围之内来进行的,但最好是在1.5至4pH值的范围内进行。聚硅酸又称为活性硅酸,是在8至9pH值时碱金属经部分中和并经半小时至一小时的时间的聚合而制备的。制备后即可马上直接使用,如果不使用的话则应进行稀释,使其含量按重量而言不超过百分之一,以防止聚合,或使之酸化至pH值的最佳范围以防胶凝化。
按照上面的说法,酸化最好是用酸性离子交换剂来进行,重要的是为了得到比较稳定的产品和避免由酸化而生成的盐类,随着聚硅酸一起加到造纸备料中去。酸化时形成的聚硅酸是由大分子或者其大小达1nm的微粒组成,它们形成体积较大的链及网。和商业上在造纸中所使用的大颗粒的二氧化硅溶胶相比较,本发明的颗粒就显得很不稳定了,无论是和浓度有关的稳定性,还是从贮存方面的稳定性来说都是不太稳定的。这样聚硅酸在酸化之后即不宜于处在就重量而言超过约百分之5的高浓度状态。最好按重量而言不高于百分之2。它们不宜于存放太久,但是我们发现贮存一定的时间可能会有利的。例如就重量而言,在浓度上不超过百分之4~5时,贮存一天或两天,就稳定性而言是完全可以接受的,甚至还可以有改进作用。当浓度为1%或低于1%时,贮存两个星期或三个星期而并不影响其稳定性是完全可能的,而且整个贮存时间的作用都是良好的,其作用甚至比不贮存时还要好。在室温下贮存约三周即可发现其开始胶凝。聚硅酸原则上在pH值约为2.0时是不带电荷的,但
是在造纸备料中是会带阴离子电荷的,并随造纸备料pH值的增加而使负电荷增加。
就本发明的工艺而言,所用的聚硅酸生产应和其使用联合起来。在造纸厂内或在厂的附近生产,这本身就是有利的,因为所用的是廉价的原材料和简单的制作方法。本发明的工艺是有经济价值的,因为聚硅酸在经济方面是优越的,而铝化合物可极大地提高效用。
就本发明而言,聚硅酸和阳离子留着剂在造纸中的使用量的变动范围很大。除其它因素外该量取决于造纸备料,加入的填料和其它条件。聚硅酸的用量至少要达0.01kg/ton(0.01公斤/吨)。这些按干燥量对干燥纤维和任选的填料而计算的,在0.1~5千克/吨的范围内比较适当,最好是在0.1~2千克/吨的范围内,聚硅酸最好是以水溶液的形式加入造纸备料中。水溶液中含干燥的成分量以重量而论应在百分之0.1至1%之间。阳离子留着剂对聚硅酸的比量主要视阳离子留着剂的类型以及想要得到的效能而定。阳离子留着剂对聚硅酸的重量比通常最少为0.01∶1,而最合适的比量为至少0.2∶1。阳离子留着剂用量上限。首先是一个经济和电荷的问题。对于低阳离子性的留着剂而言,例如,阳离子淀粉,则其用量极大,比值可达100∶1或者更高,而限量主要要看经济情况。对于其它的系统,阳离子留着剂对聚硅酸的适当比值要在0.2∶1至20∶1的范围内。铝化合物的用量,同样可以在较大的极限之内变动,以铝化物对聚硅酸的重量比而言,较为合适的比值最少为0.01∶1,此处铝化合物是按Al2O3来计算的。最好比值不要超过3∶1,较好的比值是在0.02∶1至1.5∶1之间,而最好的比值是在0.05∶1至0.7∶1。
现在所说的三种成分的系统,可以用于由含不同的含纤维素的纤维备料制造纸张。而造纸备料应适当含有至少就重量而言达百分之50的这种纤维。这些成分可以用来做来自化学浆液的纤维造纸备料的添加剂,如硫酸盐和亚硫酸盐浆,热机械纸浆,精制机械纸浆,或磨木纸浆,象由硬木、软木所制的纸浆等,也可用于由回收纤维所制的造纸备料等的添加剂等。造纸备料也可含有常用无机填料如高岭土、二氧化钛、石膏、白垩和滑石填料等。对于通常认为是较难处理的相对而言非纤维素物质含量过高的造纸备料,如含木质素及不能溶解的有机物质,例如不同类型的机械纸浆象磨木浆等的造纸备料来说能得到特别良好的效果。本发明的混合物特别适用于按重量而言机制纸浆含量至少为百分之25的造纸备料中,必须指出,本发明的混合物对于由于含有盐类如硫酸钠(常常是来自原浆的生产,漂白或由回收纤维中的残余化学物质的存在致使具有较高的离子浓度的造纸备料特别适合。此处及以上所用的纸和造纸一词当然包括纸,以及主要是含纤维素的纤维原料所制成的纸浆板,板和纸板等。
对本工艺造纸来讲,除本发明的这三个成分之外。其它常用的造纸添加剂当然也可使用。填料已在上面谈到过了,其中添加剂可以指出的是亲水剂,以松香为基质的或合成的亲水剂,湿强树脂等。
本发明将在以下诸例中作进一步的解释,但是并不限定于此。除另有说明外,分数均指重量份数,百分比均为重量百分比。
例1
聚硅酸的制作如下:水玻璃(Na2O.3.3SiO2)用水稀释成为按重量而言含百分之五的SiO2。用离子交换树脂“琥珀IIR-120”作离子交换,使pH值达2.3。所得出的聚硅酸的比表面积,按以上所谈到的滴定方法加以测定。其数值为1450米2/克。
例2:
在这个试验中脱水度用“加拿大游离度测定器”进行测算,按SCAN-C21∶65,这是一种表示脱水特性的常规方法。所有的化学物质的添加是在一个“Britt动态测定仪”中进行的。罐上有一个可以堵塞的出口,以每分钟800转(800rpm)的搅拌速度搅拌,添加时间为45秒钟,然后将造纸备料系统转入加拿大打浆度测定器中。
造纸备料是一种打成120mLCSF的(细)磨木浆。CSF为加拿大标准游离度。所用的铝化合物为铝酸钠,而阳离子留着剂是阳离子淀粉。按例1使用聚硅酸并和Eka Nobel AB所生产的比表面积为500米2/克的商业二氧化硅溶胶作了比较。在各次试验中均加进阳离子淀粉(CS),其加入量相当于10千克/吨干纸浆。为了比较的目的加入聚硅酸(=多硅酸)和商业溶胶,其量相当于1千克(以SiO2计)/吨干纸浆,而铝酸盐按
l2O3来计算,加入时为0.15千克/吨。试验是 pH值为8.5时进行的。同时加入不同量的盐 克/升备料),即Na2SO4.10H2O。铝酸盐在各次 验中均先行加入,然后加入阳离子留着剂,最后 入多硅酸或加入商业溶胶。(见例2表)
例3:
用相同的造纸备料,打成120毫升CSF的细 木浆,用和例2相同的试验法在造纸备料具有不 的pH值的情况下,并用不同的阳离子留着剂作 验,阳离子瓜耳胶(Guar),阳离子聚丙烯酰胺 AM)〔由联合胶体公司(Allied Colloids)标以 rcol 140出售〕和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)(由BASF 以polymin SK出售)。造纸备料中已加入0.5克 立升的Na2SO410H2O。以铝酸钠用作铝的化合 。按例1一样,对所有的试验均在向纸浆中加入 合硅酸之前加入留着剂。(见例3表)
例4:
在这个例子中,用标准纸浆60%的漂白桦树 酸盐浆和40%的漂白松树硫酸盐浆,其中加入 %的白垩和加入0.5克/立升Na2SO4.10H2O。 纸备料的pH值为8.5,而打浆度试验按例2进 加入的顺序如下:铝化合物,阳离子淀粉 S)然后是聚硅酸或商业溶胶(按例2进行比 。除了铝酸盐的试验之外,也用矾、三氯化铝(AlCl3)、和聚氯化铝(PAC)等作了试验。最后 提到的化合物聚氯化铝是由Hoechst AG标以 al出售的。所有铝化合物的份量均以Al2O3。造纸备料的原始CSF值为295。(见例4)
按例1也是用聚硅酸,但在本试验中都是以 溶液状态贮存约一天,此后又以0.15%溶液状 8小时。而当按例1对聚硅酸进行试验时应在 制后马上使用,其用量为1千克/吨,用 千克/吨的铝酸盐,按Al2O3计算,以及10 的阳离子淀粉,其CSF为625毫升。而当用 的聚硅酸作重复试验时,所用聚硅酸以 %的溶液贮存各为25及75小时,所获结果同 好。其结果列于上表中,在某些情况下甚至得到更好结果。例如,若将聚硅酸先按1%的溶液贮存2天,再按0.15%的溶液或1%的溶液贮存1天,也能得到同样好的结果。
例5:
在本例中对填料和精细纤维的留着做了测定。造纸备料是由25%的化学纸浆和75%的细磨木纸浆构成,其中含白垩30%。造纸备料的浓度为5.1克/立升,pH值为8.5,造纸备料中所含微小纤维碎片为48.1%,备料中已加入0.5克/立升的Na2SO4.10H2O。留着率用每分钟转动1000转(rpm1000)的:Bitt动态测定仪”来进行测定。铝酸盐作为铝的化合物,其用量为0.15千克/吨,按Al2O3来计算。阳离子留着剂为阳离子淀粉,其加入量为10千克/吨,而聚硅酸的加入量为1千克/吨,所有的用量均以干燥纸浆备料为基础(包括纤维及填料)。使用了几种不同的聚硅酸,如:A)按例1的聚硅酸,当其配制后即马上使用;B)按以下方法所配制的聚硅酸,即:一种水玻璃(Na2O.3.3SiO2)溶液,对SiO2而言,浓度为11%,作离子交换使pH为2.3,然后贮存一周。聚硅酸具有比表面积约为1600米2/克;C)按以下方法所配制的聚硅酸:2.61克的97%的H2SO4稀释至250克,190.5克的5.25%的Na2O.3.3SiO2稀释至500.4克,用280.5克的后一种溶液加入稀硫酸溶液中而得到530.5克的聚硅酸。再用30.5克的水加以稀释,所得到的聚硅酸具有1%的SiO2,pH值为2.4,比表面积测定约为1500米2/克D)聚硅酸,活化二氧化硅按以下方法配制:776.70克的浓度为5.15%的水玻璃(Na2O.3.3SiO2)稀释至1000克,15.40克的96%的硫酸稀释至1000克,将两种溶液混合得到含有SiO22.0%的活性二氧化硅,其pH约为8.75。将此溶液贮存约一小时,再用H2SO4进行酸化使pH约为2.5。用水稀释使SiO2的含量为1.0%,比表面积测定为1540米2/克。(见例5表)
例6:
在这个例子中所用的是细磨木纸浆的造纸备料并加入0.5克/立升的Na2SO4.10H2O。纸浆已被搅打至120mlCSF,其pH值用H2SO4调制到4.5,铝酸钠作为铝的化合物,以不同的配量加入以便给出一定的pH值。加入铝酸盐后加入例1的聚硅酸,再加入例2商业二氧化硅溶胶,最后加入阳离子淀粉(CS)。所测试的脱水效果以mlCSF表示。(见例6表)
例7:
在这个例子中,使用和例4相同的造纸备料和
配制顺序。对贮存和例4相同的不同量的聚硅酸以及例2的商业溶胶分别作了研究。所有的试验都是用铝酸钠来作为铝化合物的,并以阳离子淀粉(CS)作为阳离子留着剂的。脱水作用按照以上所述的方法来评价。(见例7表)
例8:
在这个试验中,对用不同的聚硅酸和铝酸钠,阳离子留着剂,阳离子淀粉(CS)和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺PAM,Percol292混合后的脱水性作了研究。造纸备料是细磨木纸浆备料,具有7.5的pH值,含有0.5克/立升的Na2SO4.10H2O。化学物质按下列顺序加入造纸备料中:铝化合物,阳离子留着剂,最后是聚硅酸。CSF的测定如上所述。试验中所用的聚硅酸是B)按例5的方法,C按例5的方法,D)按例5的方法,E)聚硅酸按B),以NaOH将pH值调整至8.5,在10分钟之后稀释至浓度为0.15%,F)聚硅酸,活化二氧化硅,用硫酸加入水玻璃中配制,配制成含2%的SiO2和具有pH值8.7。将溶液稀释至1%SiO2然后直接使用,G)聚硅酸按F)在pH为8.7浓度2%的情况下先贮存一小时,在使用之前稀释至1%。(见例8表)
例9:
在这个试验中,对本发明来说是要试验研究以悬浮纸浆用来制造纸浆板的情况。向纤维浓度为2%(即20克/升)的半立升的纸浆(60%桦木硫酸盐/40%的松木硫酸盐)中首先加入阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,加入时搅拌速度为1200rpm,15秒钟之后,悬浮纸浆即稀释至1%再继续搅拌15秒。将按例1以5%溶液的形式已贮存一天的聚硅酸以1%的溶液加进去,再经过另一个15秒钟将纸浆倒入瓷漏头中。铝化物为矾,矾在加入阳离子聚合物一分钟之前加进去,将直到所形成的纸浆板的表面看上去没有水时的这段时间测定下来。
例2表
盐 Al2O3CS 聚硅酸 商业溶胶 CSF
克/立升 千克/吨 千克/吨 千克/吨 千克/吨 毫升
- - 10 1 - 315
- 0.15 10 1 - 430
- - 10 - 1 280
- 0.15 10 - 1 365
0.5 - 10 1 - 300
0.5 0.15 10 1 - 410
0.5 - 10 - 1 265
0.5 0.15 10 - 1 310
2.0 - 10 1 - 280
2.0 0.15 10 1 - 375
2.0 - 10 - 1 240
2.0 0.15 10 - 1 295
例3表
pH Al2O3留着剂 聚硅酸 CSF
千克/吨 类型/千克/吨 千克/吨 毫升
7.5 - guar/3.3 1 300
7.5 0.15 guar/3.3 1 375
5.5 - PEI/0.67 1 205
5.5 0.60 PEI/0.67 1 270
7.0 - PAM/0.67 1 220
7.0 0.15 PAM/0.67 1 275
例4表
铝化合物 CS 聚硅酸 商业溶胶 CSF
类型/千克/吨 千克/吨 千克/吨 千克/吨 毫升
- 10 1 - 570
铝酸盐/0.15 10 1 - 710
矾/0.15 10 1 - 695
AlCl3/0.15 10 1 - 690
PAC/0.15 10 1 - 690
比较:
- 10 - 1 505
铝酸盐/0.15 10 - 1 570
例5表
Al2O3千克/吨 聚硅酸 留着率%
- A 71.1
0.15 A 85.0
- B 68.0
0.15 B 88.0
- C 40.4
0.15 C 69.0
- D 65.0
0.15 D 74.0
例6表
pH Al2O3聚硅酸 商业溶胶 CS CSF
千克/吨 千克/吨 千克/吨 千克/吨 ml
4.9 0.15 1 - 10 270
5.2 0.30 1 - 10 300
5.5 0.60 1 - 10 380
4.9 0.15 - 1 10 200
5.5 0.60 - 1 10 260
例7表
Al2O3CS 聚硅酸 商业溶胶 CSF
千克/吨 千克/吨 千克/吨 千克/吨 ml
- 10 - 0.25 390
- 10 - 0.5 420
- 10 - 1 505
- 10 - 2 550
0.04 10 - 0.25 410
0.075 10 - 0.5 450
0.15 10 - 1 570
0.3 10 - 2 590
- 10 0.25 - 460
- 10 0.5 - 520
- 10 1 - 570
- 10 2 - 590
0.04 10 0.25 - 510
0.075 10 0.5 - 615
0.15 10 1 - 710
0.3 10 2 - 700
例8表
Al2O3阳离子留着剂类 聚硅酸类型 CSF
千克/吨 型 千克/吨 千克/吨 ml
- CS:10 B:1 310
0.15 CS:10 B:1 520
- CS:10 C:1 290
0.15 CS:10 C:1 460
- CS:10 D:1 280
0.15 CS:10 D:1 435
- CS:10 E:1 300
0.15 CS:10 E:1 485
- CS:10 F:1 295
0.15 CS:10 F:1 470
- CS:10 G:1 310
0.15 CS:10 G:1 510
- PAM:0.67 B:1 390
0.15 PAM:0.67 B:1 475
- PAM:0.67 C:1 345
0.15 PAM:0.67 C:1 430
- PAM:0.67 D:1 385
0.15 PAM:0.67 D:1 465
- PAM:0.67 E:1 370
0.15 PAM:0.67 E:1 450
- PAM:0.67 F:1 360
0.15 PAM:0.67 F:1 435
- PAM:0.67 G:1 365
0.15 PAM:0.67 G:1 460
例9表
Al2O3PAM 聚硅酸 时间
千克/吨 千克/吨 千克/吨 秒
- - - 30
- 0.5 - 22
- 0.5 0.5 16
- 0.5 1.0 14
0.03 0.5 0.25 15
0.06 0.5 0.5 13
0.12 0.5 1.0 11
Claims (9)
1、一种造纸方法,它通过在造纸网上将含纤维素的纤维及任选的填料所组成的悬浮浆成型和脱水,其特点是:成型及脱水是在一种铝化合物,一种聚合阳离子留着剂和一种有至少1050米2/克比表面积的聚硅酸的存在下进行的。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特点在于铝化合物是在将阳离子留着剂和聚硅酸加入悬浮浆中之前加入的。
3、根据权利要求1的方法,其特点在于聚硅酸所具有的比表面积在1100至1700米2/克的范围之内。
4、根据权利要求1或3的方法,其特点是聚硅酸是由碱金属水玻璃经酸化后pH值在1.5至4的范围内生成的。
5、根据权利要求4的方法,其特点是聚硅酸是由一种酸性阳离子交换剂酸化而制备的。
6、根据权利要求1,3,4或5的方法,其特点在于聚硅酸的加入量按干燥纤维及选用的填充料来说最少为0.01千克/吨。
7、根据权利要求1的方法,其特点在于就铝化合物的加入量按重量而言,对聚硅酸的重量比值最少为0.01∶1,此处铝化合物按Al2O3来计算。
8、根据权利要求1的方法,其特点在于阳离子留着剂是阳离子淀粉或阳离子聚丙烯酰胺。
9、根据权利要求1或8的方法,其特点在于阳离子留着剂的加入量和聚硅酸的重量比最少为0.01∶1。
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SE8801951A SE461156B (sv) | 1988-05-25 | 1988-05-25 | Saett foer framstaellning av papper varvid formning och avvattning aeger rum i naervaro av en aluminiumfoerening, ett katjoniskt retentionsmedel och en polymer kiselsyra |
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US10988899B2 (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2021-04-27 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Fluff dryer machine drainage aid |
CN112430018B (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-05-17 | 山东鲁阳节能材料股份有限公司 | 一种增韧型无机纸复合的气凝胶产品及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2418297A1 (fr) * | 1978-02-27 | 1979-09-21 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Amelioration aux procedes de fabrication de papiers et de cartons |
SE419236B (sv) * | 1979-06-01 | 1981-07-20 | Eka Ab | Ytmodifierat pigment av naturligt kaolinmaterial, samt for dess framstellning |
AU546999B2 (en) * | 1980-05-28 | 1985-10-03 | Eka A.B. | Adding binder to paper making stock |
SE432951B (sv) * | 1980-05-28 | 1984-04-30 | Eka Ab | Pappersprodukt innehallande cellulosafibrer och ett bindemedelssystem som omfattar kolloidal kiselsyra och katjonisk sterkelse samt forfarande for framstellning av pappersprodukten |
JPH0314957B2 (zh) * | 1980-09-19 | 1991-02-27 | Sunden Olof | |
SE8107078L (sv) * | 1981-11-27 | 1983-05-28 | Eka Ab | Forfarande for papperstillverkning |
SE8403062L (sv) * | 1984-06-07 | 1985-12-08 | Eka Ab | Forfarande vid papperstillverkning |
SE451739B (sv) * | 1985-04-03 | 1987-10-26 | Eka Nobel Ab | Papperstillverkningsforfarande och pappersprodukt varvid som avvattnings- och retentionsforbettrande kemikalie anvends katjonisk polyakrylamid och en speciell oorganisk kolloid |
US4643801A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-02-17 | Nalco Chemical Company | Papermaking aid |
US4750974A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1988-06-14 | Nalco Chemical Company | Papermaking aid |
JPH0583667B1 (zh) * | 1987-02-27 | 1993-11-29 | Toray Industries | |
US4927498A (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1990-05-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Retention and drainage aid for papermaking |
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1988
- 1988-05-25 SE SE8801951A patent/SE461156B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
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1989
- 1989-01-24 US US07/300,935 patent/US5127994A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-09 DE DE68908972T patent/DE68908972T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-09 ES ES89850147T patent/ES2043107T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-09 EP EP89850147A patent/EP0348366B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-09 AT AT89850147T patent/ATE94232T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-18 AU AU34970/89A patent/AU598416B2/en not_active Expired
- 1989-05-19 BR BR898902336A patent/BR8902336A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-22 FI FI892475A patent/FI95944C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-22 RU SU894614035A patent/RU1828474C/ru active
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- 1989-05-23 KR KR1019890006878A patent/KR920010649B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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