CN101159449A - Communication method in low-voltage network carrier communication system - Google Patents
Communication method in low-voltage network carrier communication system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101159449A CN101159449A CNA2007100186706A CN200710018670A CN101159449A CN 101159449 A CN101159449 A CN 101159449A CN A2007100186706 A CNA2007100186706 A CN A2007100186706A CN 200710018670 A CN200710018670 A CN 200710018670A CN 101159449 A CN101159449 A CN 101159449A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- carrier
- communication
- low
- power line
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a communication method in a low voltage distribution network carrier communication system, pertaining to the communication technology field. The invention is to solve the problems of the power-line low voltage distribution network, such as high noise, high decay, and signal distortion and so on. In the low voltage distribution network carrier system, the invention can be used to overcome the drawbacks, also increases the communication distance and reduces the cost of the communication system. The detailed content and the realization process of the method in the invention include that: 1. using a power-line carrier frequency band of 3KHz-15KHz to communicate; 2. extracting a time-hopping synchronous signal from the power line, dividing one period of power frequency alternating current into a plurality of communication time slides, a receiving-sending terminal uses the synchronous time-hopping, and some specific communication time slides are selected to communicate; 3. using the interposition of the carrier central frequency and the power frequency alternating current harmonics, and selecting the carrier signal frequency band to be put on the site where the interference of the alternating current harmonics is minimal. The invention can be applied to the power-line carrier communication in the low voltage distribution network.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to communication technical field, specifically a kind of communication means in the low-voltage network carrier communication system can be used for power line carrier communication on the low-voltage network.
Background technology
At present in low-voltage network carrier communication system, in order to improve the carrier wave receiving sensitivity, strengthen antijamming capability, increase communication distance, adopt the method for spread spectrum communication both at home and abroad mostly, but since exist significantly on the power line broad-band interference and in, high frequency band signal is the characteristic of decay fast, these class methods can only realize that in actual use distance is tens meters, maximum short haul connections of 500 meters only, simultaneously then fully can not communication in the power utilization environment of some more complicated or busier electricity consumption period, need carry out relaying by repeater and could constitute practical system, even like this, still there is system complex in spectrum spreading method, cost is crossed problems such as height, so present various broadband communication scheme almost can't satisfy actual needs.And the traditional narrow communication technology is because various interference, and frequency selective attenuation problem such as becomes and be facts have proved it is disabled basically during channel.In communication technical field, utilize the method for a kind of super arrowband technology in addition, though very strong antijamming capability and long transmission distance are arranged, can't solve the transmitted in both directions problem cheaply.Also having a kind of method in addition is to use low-frequency range 3KHz～9KHz communication at power-line carrier communication on high pressure, medium-voltage line, less owing to disturbing in this frequency range, transmission attenuation is little, though obtained effect preferably, but because the restriction of technical development, also to fail to be applied to low-voltage distribution online always.Therefore, in the low-voltage network carrier system, finding a kind of method of practical, reliable communications, is an important topic in the carrier communication field.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: in order to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of communication means in a kind of low-voltage network carrier communication system is provided, make it under various complex environments, all have the ability of anti-strong jamming, antinoise signal decay, be suitable for power-line carrier communication field under the multiple environment, and can be widely used in the existing power distribution network, need not rewiring, solved a difficult problem in the power line carrier communication.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the problem that exists in power line low-voltage power distribution network at carrier communication, in low-voltage power distribution network carrier system, only adopt the monotechnics often can't the numerous unfavorable factor of customer service, by repetition test and processing targetedly, the present invention adopts three kinds of technology such as put between low-frequency range carrier wave, time hopping communication and frequency spectrum simultaneously in low-voltage network carrier communication system, constituted a kind of communication means of the present invention, particular content and implementation procedure that this method comprises are as follows:
1, adopt the power line carrier frequency range of 3KHz～15KHz frequency range to communicate, modulation can be adopted single-carrier modulated, also can adopt multi-carrier modulation, because power line is the network that is exclusively used in the low frequency signal of transmission 50Hz, thereby the low-frequency transmission decay is very little, electricity consumption device on the power line is also less to the absorption of low frequency, in carrier communication, the transmitted carrier operation frequency of GB regulation can not be lower than 3KHz, therefore learn by test, power line carrier frequency range in 3KHz～15KHz frequency range communicates, and can avoid the influence of overdamp to communication effectively, has improved signal to noise ratio and antijamming capability.
2. adopt the method for time hopping communication technology, its specific implementation process is: industrial-frequency alternating current a ripple week is divided into a plurality of timeslices, transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are selected in the industrial-frequency alternating current automatically synchronously, in the timeslice of zero crossing, carry out carrier communication, it is avoided owing to the timeslice of disturbing or decay worsens signal to noise ratio significantly, thereby improve the antijamming capability of whole communication system.
3. put the method for technology between the employing frequency spectrum, when selecting communication frequency, the frequency that makes one or more carrier waves is 2N a times or N+1/2 times of industrial-frequency alternating current frequency, so just make selected carrier frequency be on the interval of Harmonic Interference minimum of industrial-frequency alternating current frequency on the power line, wherein N is a positive integer.
The advantage that the present invention compared with prior art has:
1. the present invention has anti-strong jamming, antifading ability, still can realize reliable communication in rugged environment, and method is simple, and is with low cost, need not rewiring, can be widely used in the existing low-voltage power distribution network.
2. the present invention has long transmission distance, and communication distance can reach more than 1000 meters under interference environment.
3. the present invention has two-way transmission capabilities with respect to super arrowband technology.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram representation that the present invention is applied to system
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that the present invention selects carrier wave frequency range
Fig. 3 be on the power line sometime the section noise audiogram
Fig. 4 be the present invention adopt jumping the time scheme schematic diagram
Fig. 5 be the present invention when jumping technology in communication system, realize the schematic diagram of block diagram
Fig. 6 puts the technology schematic diagram between the frequency spectrum that adopts of the present invention
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of putting the another kind of situation of technology between the frequency spectrum that adopts of the present invention
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, it is the block diagram representation that the present invention is applied to system, at characteristics such as the strong noise of power line low-voltage power distribution network, high decay and distorted signals, in low-voltage power distribution network carrier system, only adopt monotechnics, often can't the numerous unfavorable factor of customer service, by repetition test and processing targetedly, the present invention is in low-voltage network carrier communication system, three kinds of technology such as put between low-frequency range carrier wave, time hopping communication and frequency spectrum have been adopted simultaneously, constitute a kind of communication means of the present invention, reached satisfied effect.The particular content and the implementation process of this method are described now in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
1, adopt the power line carrier frequency range of 3KHz～15KHz frequency range to communicate, modulation can be adopted single-carrier modulated, also can adopt multi-carrier modulation, because power line is the network that is exclusively used in the low frequency signal of transmission 50Hz, thereby the low-frequency transmission decay is very little, electricity consumption device on the power line is also less to the absorption of low frequency, and in carrier communication, the transmitted carrier operation frequency of stipulating in the GB can not be lower than 3KHz, learn by test, communicate in the power line carrier frequency range of 3KHz～15KHz frequency range and can avoid the influence of overdamp effectively, improved signal to noise ratio and antijamming capability communication.
2. adopt the method for time hopping communication technology, its specific implementation process is: industrial-frequency alternating current a ripple week is divided into a plurality of timeslices, transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are selected in the industrial-frequency alternating current automatically synchronously, in the timeslice of zero crossing, carry out carrier communication, it is avoided owing to the timeslice of disturbing or decay worsens signal to noise ratio significantly, thereby improve the antijamming capability of whole communication system.
3. put the method for technology between the employing frequency spectrum, when selecting communication frequency, the frequency that makes one or more carrier waves is 2N a times or N+1/2 times of industrial-frequency alternating current frequency, so just make selected carrier frequency be on the interval of Harmonic Interference minimum of industrial-frequency alternating current frequency on the power line, wherein N is a positive integer.
With reference to Fig. 2, it is the schematic diagram that the present invention selects carrier wave frequency range, has marked the reference carrier wave of existing other power line carrier communication among the figure simultaneously.Ba among the figure represents band limits that the present invention selects at 3KHz～15KHz, and wherein Bs is a kind of example of selecting carrier schemes.Bb represents the frequency range that present other power-line carrier communication system is used, and how more than 100KHz, wherein Bn is an example of the selection carrier wave of traditional narrow power-line carrier communication system, and Bc is the frequency range that a kind of spread spectrum power-line carrier communication system is used.
Because power line is the network that is exclusively used in the low frequency signal of transmission 50Hz, is not to be used for transfer of data, as communication media himself distinctive deficiency is arranged.Therefore want to realize carrier communication, just must overcome the unfavorable factor of the high decay of power line at power line.
Choose on the low-voltage power line same the transformer power line of output down, 1 injection amplitude and all known specific carriers of frequency in the place of two other different distance, are tested the amplitude of this carrier signal with selective level meter therein.The amplitude of 2 carrier signals is subtracted each other, just obtain the pad value of carrier channel carrier signal.
The present invention tests in view of the above, chooses some transmission point as carrier signal on low-voltage power line, sends point 50 meters and 100 meters received signals in distance respectively.Can not be lower than 3KHz because the frequency of stipulating is minimum in carrier communication, therefore choose 9 carrier frequencies and carried out degree of decay test,, obtain average and listed in table 1 through repetition test:
Table 1
| Frequency (KHz) | Launching electrical level (db) | 50m place reception amplitude (db) | |
100m place reception amplitude (db) | Pad value |
| 3 | 0 | -4 | -4 | -11 | -11 |
| 9 | 0 | -16 | -16 | -20 | -20 |
| 15 | 0 | -20 | -20 | -36 | -36 |
| 20 | 0 | -32 | -32 | -41 | -41 |
| 40 | 0 | -33 | -33 | -44 | -44 |
| 50 | 0 | -34 | -34 | -46 | -46 |
| 100 | 0 | -49 | -49 | -57 | -57 |
| 150 | 0 | -80 | -80 | -65 | -65 |
| 200 | 0 | -76 | -76 | -71 | -71 |
Be easy to find out from table 1, the low-frequency transmission decay is very little, and the electricity consumption device on the power line is also less to the absorption of low frequency, therefore selects 3KHz～15KHz to communicate as the power line carrier frequency range, both can effectively avoid the influence of overdamp, improve signal to noise ratio and antijamming capability again communication.
With reference to Fig. 3, it be on the power line sometime the section noise audiogram.For low voltage power lines, the noise that electrical load produces has influenced the realizability and the reliability of carrier communication greatly, and the noise that these power line loads produce, the overwhelming majority is to be sent by the Switching Power Supply of power consumption equipment.Only when Switching Power Supply is not worked, the noise that low-voltage distribution is produced by Switching Power Supply on the net just can be minimum, and when therefore having only the power current of selection zero crossing, the diode in the Switching Power Supply can't conducting, and this communicates by letter just reliable constantly.As seen from Figure 3,3ms and 13ms place are power frequency zero crossing noise pattern constantly, the noise pattern when 8ms and 18ms place are the power frequency peak value, and therefore the communication noise effect when the power frequency zero crossing is minimum.
With reference to Fig. 4, it be the present invention adopt jumping the time scheme schematic diagram, communication is to realize like this during jumping of the present invention, the week of industrial-frequency alternating current UAC is divided into t0-t1, t1-t2, t2-t3, four time intervals of t3-t4, or be timeslice, because the communication noise effect of power frequency when zero crossing is minimum, so carrier signal is only transmitted at the t0-t1 of zero crossing and the timeslice of t2-t3, do not transmit at t1-t2 and t3-t4, this figure only is the situation that example is divided into four timeslices with the one-period, the present invention can be divided into one-period a plurality of timeslices in concrete enforcement, be not limited to four timeslices, and the timeslice of choosing zero crossing communicates.
With reference to Fig. 5, it be the present invention when jumping technology in communication system, realize the schematic diagram of block diagram, the data to be transferred of transmitting terminal is modulated on the carrier wave of carrier generator output, but the control of pattern when this carrier wave is jumped when amplifying and being coupled on the power line, pattern refers to each timeslice of division shown in Figure 4 during jumping, select the timeslice transmission signals of those zero passages, all the other timeslices are the design of transmission signals not, pattern generation algorithm and synchronization signal extraction circuit when jumping when receiving terminal has identical jumping are complete synchronous when so just having guaranteed the jumping of transmitting-receiving.
With reference to Fig. 6, it is to put the technology schematic diagram between the frequency spectrum that adopts of the present invention.In the research to low-voltage network carrier communication for many years, odd harmonics is very serious to the influence of carrier communication, therefore to equal the reliable carrier communication of the online realization of low-voltage distribution of 50Hz in the industrial-frequency alternating current frequency, just must avoid odd harmonics, this is that the present invention is in the main thought that adopts the technology of putting between frequency spectrum.
Therefore, power frequency with 50Hz is an example, near the interference signal of Harmonic Interference signal 3000Hz to 3250Hz of having drawn among the figure is respectively fN 60.fN 61. ... fN 62.fN 63.fN 64.fN 65, centre frequency is respectively that industrial-frequency alternating current is 60 of 50Hz, 61 ... 65 times, certain bandwidth is also arranged simultaneously, as an example, Fig. 6 has marked the situation of selecting five road carrier waves to communicate, the centre frequency of five carrier waves is respectively fc1=3025Hz, fc2=3075Hz, fc3=3125Hz, fc4=3175Hz, fc5=3225Hz, this moment, carrier frequency was: (N+1/2) 50Hz, wherein N is a positive integer.
With reference to Fig. 7, it is a schematic diagram of putting the another kind of situation of technology between the frequency spectrum that adopts of the present invention, has considered that selecting the even-order harmonic of alternating current is centre carrier frequency, avoids the situation of odd harmonic, and this moment, centre carrier frequency was N100Hz, and wherein N is a positive integer.
The present invention can select one or more carrier wave according to the needs of design in force, and carrier wave can be adjacent, also can be non-conterminous.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of communication means in the low-voltage network carrier communication system, its particular content and implementation procedure are as follows:
(1) the power line carrier frequency range with 3KHz～15KHz frequency range communicates, modulation can be adopted single-carrier modulated, also can adopt multi-carrier modulation, because power line is the network that is exclusively used in the low frequency signal of transmission 50Hz, thereby the low-frequency transmission decay is very little, electricity consumption device on the power line is also less to the absorption of low frequency, and in carrier communication, the transmitted carrier operation frequency of stipulating in the GB can not be lower than 3KHz, learn by test, communicate in the power line carrier frequency range of 3KHz～15KHz frequency range and can avoid the influence of overdamp effectively, improved signal to noise ratio and antijamming capability communication;
2. adopt the method for time hopping communication technology, its specific implementation process is: industrial-frequency alternating current a ripple week is divided into a plurality of timeslices, transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are selected in the industrial-frequency alternating current automatically synchronously, in the timeslice of zero crossing, carry out carrier communication, it is avoided owing to the timeslice of disturbing or decay worsens signal to noise ratio significantly, thereby improve the antijamming capability of whole communication system.
3. put the method for technology between the employing frequency spectrum, when selecting communication frequency, the frequency that makes one or more carrier waves is 2N a times or N+1/2 times of industrial-frequency alternating current frequency, so just make selected carrier frequency be on the interval of Harmonic Interference minimum of industrial-frequency alternating current frequency on the power line, wherein N is a positive integer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100186706A CN101159449A (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2007-09-14 | Communication method in low-voltage network carrier communication system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100186706A CN101159449A (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2007-09-14 | Communication method in low-voltage network carrier communication system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101159449A true CN101159449A (en) | 2008-04-09 |
Family
ID=39307403
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100186706A Pending CN101159449A (en) | 2007-09-14 | 2007-09-14 | Communication method in low-voltage network carrier communication system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101159449A (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101741428A (en) * | 2010-01-12 | 2010-06-16 | 国电龙源电气有限公司 | Electric line carrier communication circuit and modulating and demodulating methods thereof |
| CN102215049A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2011-10-12 | 杭州箭源电子有限公司 | Data sending method and data sending device |
| CN102223276A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2011-10-19 | 宁夏隆基宁光仪表有限公司 | IP (Internet Protocol) networking method applied to narrowband power line carrier communication |
| CN102611481A (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-07-25 | 北京福星晓程电子科技股份有限公司 | Power line carrier communication method and power line carrier communication system |
| CN102752026A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2012-10-24 | 国家计算机网络与信息安全管理中心 | Low voltage power line high-speed transmission method and system |
| CN103023533A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-04-03 | 祝文闻 | Communication method and communication device for dual-frequency power line carrier |
| CN103414420A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2013-11-27 | 杭州洲钜电子科技有限公司 | Variable carrier frequency motor controller |
| CN103532594A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-01-22 | 北京福星晓程电子科技股份有限公司 | Power line-based communication method and power line-based communication device |
| CN106230482A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-14 | 北京艾普智城网络科技有限公司 | Power-line carrier communication method and system |
| CN107124372A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-01 | 杭州万高通信技术有限公司 | It is a kind of that interval frame transmission method and its device can be used based on zero-crossing |
| CN107911144A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-13 | 淮阴工学院 | A kind of power line carrier communication means for anti-jamming |
| CN109347518A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-15 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of analysis method and system of low voltage electric power carrier communication decaying |
-
2007
- 2007-09-14 CN CNA2007100186706A patent/CN101159449A/en active Pending
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101741428A (en) * | 2010-01-12 | 2010-06-16 | 国电龙源电气有限公司 | Electric line carrier communication circuit and modulating and demodulating methods thereof |
| CN101741428B (en) * | 2010-01-12 | 2013-09-11 | 国电龙源电气有限公司 | Electric line carrier communication circuit and modulating and demodulating methods thereof |
| CN102215049A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2011-10-12 | 杭州箭源电子有限公司 | Data sending method and data sending device |
| CN102223276A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2011-10-19 | 宁夏隆基宁光仪表有限公司 | IP (Internet Protocol) networking method applied to narrowband power line carrier communication |
| CN102223276B (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2013-08-28 | 宁夏隆基宁光仪表有限公司 | IP (Internet Protocol) networking method applied to narrowband power line carrier communication |
| CN102611481A (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-07-25 | 北京福星晓程电子科技股份有限公司 | Power line carrier communication method and power line carrier communication system |
| CN102611481B (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2016-04-27 | 北京晓程科技股份有限公司 | A kind of power-line carrier communication method and system thereof |
| CN102752026A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2012-10-24 | 国家计算机网络与信息安全管理中心 | Low voltage power line high-speed transmission method and system |
| CN103023533B (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2014-09-17 | 祝文闻 | Communication method and communication device for dual-frequency power line carrier |
| CN103023533A (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-04-03 | 祝文闻 | Communication method and communication device for dual-frequency power line carrier |
| CN103414420A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2013-11-27 | 杭州洲钜电子科技有限公司 | Variable carrier frequency motor controller |
| CN103414420B (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2016-01-27 | 杭州洲钜电子科技有限公司 | Variable carrier frequency motor controller |
| CN103532594A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-01-22 | 北京福星晓程电子科技股份有限公司 | Power line-based communication method and power line-based communication device |
| CN103532594B (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2016-06-08 | 北京福星晓程电子科技股份有限公司 | Based on communication method and the device of power line |
| CN106230482A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-14 | 北京艾普智城网络科技有限公司 | Power-line carrier communication method and system |
| CN106230482B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2019-08-09 | 北京艾普智城网络科技有限公司 | Power-line carrier communication method and system |
| CN107124372A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-01 | 杭州万高通信技术有限公司 | It is a kind of that interval frame transmission method and its device can be used based on zero-crossing |
| CN107911144A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-13 | 淮阴工学院 | A kind of power line carrier communication means for anti-jamming |
| CN107911144B (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2023-11-24 | 淮阴工学院 | Anti-interference device for power line carrier communication |
| CN109347518A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-15 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of analysis method and system of low voltage electric power carrier communication decaying |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101159449A (en) | Communication method in low-voltage network carrier communication system | |
| CN102355313A (en) | Power line communication method based on channel cognitive technology | |
| CN102437867A (en) | Power line communication equipment based on channel cognitive technology | |
| CN204967832U (en) | Jointly disturb system based on frequency spectrum perception and modulation recognition | |
| CN201994935U (en) | Communication system with modulation signal capable of penetrating through transformer based on power line | |
| CN104954311B (en) | Power-line carrier communication system targeting signal generation method based on OFDM modulation | |
| Mahmood et al. | Broadband services on power line communication systems: A review | |
| CN106160791A (en) | Three-phase multiple power lineman frequency communication means and system towards intelligent distribution network | |
| CN101986634B (en) | Time-frequency expanding anti-jamming method, equipment and system based on lapped transformation algorithm | |
| CN101257338A (en) | Method and device for transmitting signal with distributed aerial | |
| CN202309702U (en) | Power line communication device based on information channel cognitive technology | |
| Bannister et al. | Enhancing powerline communications in the “Smart Grid” using OFDMA | |
| CN105306102A (en) | Fusion communication device and method for power line carrier and wireless physical layer | |
| EP2947784A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for transmitting data signals | |
| Liu et al. | On (power-) line defined PLC system | |
| CN112134822A (en) | Method for improving marine inductive coupling anchor chain multi-user transmission performance based on OFDM + FDMA technology | |
| CN103209060A (en) | Resource distribution method and device for physical uplink control channel | |
| CN105207697A (en) | Broadband carrier communication module of power line | |
| CN105471476B (en) | One kind communication training method | |
| CN105656517B (en) | Island information transmission measurement and control system | |
| CN103139135A (en) | Modulation method based on digital power carrier wave communication | |
| CN103414495B (en) | A kind of signal modulating method of power line carrier communication | |
| CN213547505U (en) | HPLC carrier relay communication system | |
| CN1131605C (en) | Communication system for ultra-low-frequency and ultra-narrow-band distribution network | |
| Ajenikoko et al. | Investigative Study of Voice and Data Communication over Power Line Communication System |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Open date: 20080409 |