CN101123352B - Rear change converter of wind power generation system and its loop current control method - Google Patents
Rear change converter of wind power generation system and its loop current control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101123352B CN101123352B CN2007101211103A CN200710121110A CN101123352B CN 101123352 B CN101123352 B CN 101123352B CN 2007101211103 A CN2007101211103 A CN 2007101211103A CN 200710121110 A CN200710121110 A CN 200710121110A CN 101123352 B CN101123352 B CN 101123352B
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Abstract
The utility model provides a back-to-back convertor of a wind power generation system. Two back-to-back convertors are connected in parallel. Each convertor comprises rectifiers on the side of a motor and an inverter on the side of a grid. The rectifiers on the side of the motor are conncted in parallel. An AC input end is connected with an outlet terminal on the side of a stator of a magneto alternator; direct-current output terminals of the two rectifiers on the side of the motor are connected with an independent voltage-stabilizing large capacitor, respectively. A positive terminal and a negative terminal of each of the capacitors are conneted with an inverter, respectively; output terminals of the inverters are connected to a grid after parallel connection. Each rectifier on the side of the motor is controlled by a digital processing chip DSP. When the two convertors run concurrently, circulatory zero-sequence current of the shunt circuit between the convertors is restricted to bezero; circuit loss is accordingly reduced, and circuit components are protected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the current transformer and the circular current control method thereof of wind generator system.
Background technology
Continuous development along with wind generating technology, the permanent magnet direct-drive wind-force generating system is low because of its maintenance cost, noise is little, have preferably that low voltage ride-through capability receives increasing concern, but because this systematic electricity electronic converter need be transformed into grid side fully with the power of wind-driven generator output, so power capacity is had relatively high expectations.Be subjected to the restriction of power electronic device manufacturing process up till now, single back-to-back converter can not satisfy the needs of direct-drive wind power system development, so the current transformer parallel technology just arises at the historic moment.
According to the equalization model of three-phase rectifier, in single three-phase rectifier, owing to do not have the circulation path of zero-sequence current, so I
a, I
bAnd I
cSum is zero, can not have zero-sequence current in the circuit.Though there is zero sequence voltage component in the converter, it can not influence the input current of rectifier and the output current and the voltage of output voltage and inverter.
When under the situation that does not add adjunct circuit isolated inverter AC side, current transformer directly is together in parallel, utilize the equalization method modeling of current transformer to find, in circuit, there is the loop of zero-sequence current.If zero-sequence current is not controlled, not only can increase circuit loss, serious also may damage circuit element.The method of inhibition circulation commonly used mainly contains three kinds at present: document 1 (Bin Shi, Giri Venkataramanan.Parallel Operation of Voltage Source Inverterswith Minimal Intermodule Reactors[J] .IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2004,5 (04) 156-162.) and document 2 (Zhihong Ye, Dushan Boroyevich.et al.Control of Circulating Current inTwo Parallel Three-Phase Boost Rectifers[J] .IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2002,17 (5) 609-615.) propose the AC side of adverse current device isolated and block closed loop flow path, but because circuit element such as transformer that this method need be added make cost increase; Document 1 and 2 points out to increase circuit impedance, utilizes interphase reactor that very big zero sequence impedance is provided, but it is bad that low frequency circulation is suppressed effect; Also have in addition and consider from control mode, the method of Synchronization Control is proposed, this method is the current transformer of two parallel runnings to be used as a current transformer controlled, be equivalent to the parallel connection of device, but this method is not suitable for carrying out modularized design, when a plurality of parallel connection of needs, it is very complicated that system design and control all become.
Direct-drive wind power system current transformer commonly used at present mainly is a back to back structure, the motor outlet side links to each other with the pusher side rectifier, by rectifier the alternating current of the variable voltage variable frequency of generator output is converted to direct current, the direct current of rectifier output is received electrical network through the net side inverter, inverter flows to the power frequency electricity of electrical network constant voltage constant frequency, and its structural representation as shown in Figure 1.Along with the development of wind power generation machine technology, single-machine capacity constantly increases, and original single current transformer can not be satisfied the demand.
Summary of the invention
It is big that the present invention has overcome in the existing parallel-connection structure volume, and the shortcoming that cost is high proposes a kind of new current transformer in parallel and circular current control method thereof.The present invention can effectively reduce the volume of whole current transformer, saves cost, to satisfy the needs of present high-power generating.
Current transformer of the present invention is directly to be formed in parallel by two back-to-back converters, has newly added the circulation controller in the controller of back-to-back converter, is taken on by the controller of first rectifier.Each back-to-back converter is by constituting.Two motor side rectifier backs directly in parallel link to each other with the stator side lead-out terminal of magneto alternator, the dc output end of two motor side rectifiers is connected to two independently big electric capacity of voltage stabilizing respectively, through behind the capacitance voltage stabilizing, the positive and negative terminals side of each electric capacity respectively is connected to an inverter, is connected to electrical network behind inverter output terminal direct paralleled.
The present invention adopts the core of digital processing chip DSP as controller, and DSP can realize the real-time processing to sampled signal, and sends control signal corresponding according to the control needs and realize that by it circulation proposed by the invention suppresses and space vector modulation.Peripheral circuit comprises sample circuit and signal conditioning circuit.Sample circuit is gathered three phase network voltage, electric current and the alternating current of each current transformer, the direct voltage at electric capacity two ends etc. by voltage, current sensor, and sending into signal conditioning circuit carries out signal condition, sends into the AD sampling channel of DSP then.DSP calculates the required conducting of each switch, after the turn-off time, PWM mouth by DSP sends the needed switching signal of control each switch of current transformer, after amplifying, isolate, overdrive circuit is connected on the driving gate pole of each power device, thus control rectifier and inverter operate as normal.
Existing back-to-back converter in parallel all is shared DC bus-bar voltage, and the present invention's back-to-back converter in parallel is two independently DC bus-bar voltage.Like this, can design each back-to-back converter separately, when needing the increase capacity, only need corresponding module in parallel to get final product, be easier to modularized design.
Circular current control method of the present invention is to regulate zero vector action time by the proportionate relationship between the action time of the action time of zero vector ppp and zero vector nnn among the control SVM, reaches the mother's that suppresses the zero sequence circulation between back-to-back converter.Because circulation is present between two back-to-back converters, as long as the zero-sequence current in back-to-back converter of control is zero, the zero-sequence current in the another one back-to-back converter can be suppressed is zero.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows:
Below rated wind speed, propeller pitch angle is constant substantially to keep the power coefficient maximum.Wind generator system obtains the maximum power that system is input to electrical network according to the maximum power algorithm, obtains the optimum speed of generator thus, makes the power output maximum of system by the active current of regulating combining inverter, and motor operates in optimum speed.
On rated wind speed, keep the power coefficient maximum by becoming oar.Motor and current transformer all operate under the rated condition, and system outputs to the power maximum of electrical network.
When wind speed surpassed cut-out wind speed, system-down, the power that outputs to electrical network were zero.
Rectifier in the back-to-back converter can regulator generator the reactive power of output, effectively regulate the motor output power factor, when the needs motor is output as unity power factor, make that reactive current is zero, can make motor export maximum active power like this.Simultaneously, because idle output is adjustable, make the generator speed scope wideer.The all right stable DC side voltage of motor side rectifier provides the galvanic current source to combining inverter.The net side inverter is responsible for reconciling active power and the reactive power that wind generator system is input to electrical network, and when electrical network needs in advance when idle, the setting reactive current is a negative value; When electrical network need lag behind when idle, set reactive current and be on the occasion of; When needs are input to the active power maximum of electrical network, when reactive power was zero, can set reactive current was zero, and net side power factor is 1.It more than is the operating state of the present direct-drive wind power system of using always.
When back-to-back converter device in parallel of the present invention was worked, two back-to-back converters were separate, can move simultaneously, also can only keep one of them operation.When two back-to-back converters move simultaneously, need to adopt the circulation control algolithm that is proposed among the present invention to suppress two zero sequence circulation between back-to-back converter, guarantee two current transformer independent operatings.
The course of work that the present invention controls zero sequence circulation is as follows:
The three-phase current i of a back-to-back converter in the present invention's back-to-back converter in parallel
a, i
bAnd i
c, behind over-current sensor, carry out signal condition, send into the AD sampling channel of DSP then, DSP sues for peace to three-phase current by control chip, does poorly with zero then, after regulating through PI, obtains parameter k, the time d of zero vector ppp effect among k and the SVM
0Ask product, can try to achieve to suppressing the time kd that zero sequence circulation ppp should act on
0, adjust the ratio of action time of different zero vector ppp and nnn in space vector modulation (SVM) algorithm according to this.After ratio was determined, DSP just can adjust duty cycle pulse automatically and come the conducting of driving power device, shutoff, reached the purpose that suppresses zero-sequence current.Because zero vector is done the time spent, in back-to-back converter in parallel, can form current circuit, this directly provides the path for the circulation of circulation, and therefore, the appearance of circulation and the effect of zero vector have much relations.The different zero vectors that the process closed-loop control obtains just can reach the purpose of control zero sequence circulation action time.Because circulation circulates between two back-to-back converters, the circulation of controlling one of them rectifier just can reach the circulation that suppresses whole back-to-back converter.
The present invention has just adjusted distribution action time of different zero vectors in the space vector modulation algorithm when suppressing zero sequence circulation, can not influence other controlled variable in the circuit, and for rectifier, the control of reactive current and dc voltage is unaffected; For inverter, the control of active current and reactive current can be not influenced yet.The present invention realizes on single rectifier the inhibition of circulation, need not adjunct circuit, helps modularized design.
Current transformer of the present invention has saved auxiliary isolated components such as transformer, has both improved the operational reliability of parallel system, and can effectively reduce circuit volume and switching loss, increases modulation ratio, improves total harmonic distortion (THD) of current waveform.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 direct-drive wind power system schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 back-to-back converter control block diagram;
Fig. 3 parallel connection is the circulation schematic diagram back-to-back, among the figure, and 1 rectifier, 2 rectifiers, 3 inverters, 4 inverters;
Fig. 4 circulation controller schematic diagram;
The parallel connection of Fig. 5 band stream controller is the direct-drive wind power system schematic diagram back-to-back.
Embodiment:
Describe operation principle of the present invention and process in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
When wind generator system involved in the present invention moved, the size according to extraneous wind speed mainly contained three kinds of operating states:
(1) when wind speed is lower than the rated wind speed of system works, propeller pitch angle is constant substantially, to keep the power coefficient maximum.System obtains the maximum power that system is input to electrical network according to the maximum power algorithm, obtains the optimum speed of generator thus, makes the power output maximum of system by the active current of regulating combining inverter, and motor operates in optimum speed.General reactive power is given as zero, makes system works at maximum active power output state, improves the efficient of system.When electrical network needs idle support, can send or absorb the reactive power of electrical network as required to electrical network.Active power and reactive power can realize independent regulation.
(2) when wind speed is higher than systematically rated wind speed, keep the power coefficient maximum by becoming oar.Motor and current transformer all operate under the rated condition, and system outputs to the power maximum of electrical network.
(3) when wind speed surpasses the cut-out wind speed of system, system-down, the power that outputs to electrical network are zero.
The control block diagram of whole wind force generating system is as shown in Figure 2: the current i of rectifier sampling motor output
a, i
b, i
c, utilize photoelectric code disk or Speedless sensor to obtain the rotor position angle θ of motor
r, the conversion of electric current process Parker obtains the dq component i of electric current
dAnd i
qu
DcAnd u
DcGiven u
Dc *Carry out the PI adjusting after doing difference, be output as i
qGiven i
q *, i
dBe given as i
d *, by the motor side power factor require givenly, be generally zero, make motor active power of output maximum.i
qAnd i
q *Differ from i
dAnd i
d *Carry out adding after PI regulates compensation term ω (L separately after the work difference respectively
di
d+ ψ
f) and-ω L
qi
qJust can obtain the dq component u of rectifier reference voltage
dAnd u
q, obtain u through the Parker inverse transformation again
u, u
v, u
wPass through the controlled signal of SVM algorithm at last, rectifier is at stable DC side voltage u
DcThe time, realize motor output reactive current i
dControl.
Inverter sampling grid side voltage u
Sa, u
Sb, u
ScWith the current i that outputs to electrical network
Sa, i
Sb, i
ScObtain active power P and the reactive power Q of actual fed through power calculation unit to electrical network.According to the maximum power algorithm, utilize active power P and motor speed ω to obtain the motor optimum speed with reference to ω
*, ω
*Do after the difference through PI ring with ω, obtain current transformer and be input to the active current of electrical network with reference to I
Sq *, reactive current is with reference to i
Sd *Generally be given as zero, allow the active power maximum of current transformer input electrical network, improve the efficient of system.Meritorious and reactive current reference and actual meritorious reactive current are done respectively after the difference through pi regulator and are added separately compensation term ω L
Sdi
dWith-ω L
Sqi
qObtain the Voltage Reference u of inverter
Sd, u
Sq, obtain u through the Parker inverse transformation again
a, u
b, u
cJust can make inverter be operated in power factor of electric network through the PWM generator of SVPWM control at last is 1.Because active power equals voltage, electric current and power factor three's product, and power factor is always smaller or equal to 1, so, when power factor of electric network is 1, be input to the active power maximum of electrical network.
The power grade of the present invention next effective raising of a back-to-back converter in parallel system on the basis of wind generator system shown in Figure 1.As shown in Figure 3, two back-to-back converter parallel connections up and down.Wherein, first back-to-back converter is made of motor side rectifier 1 and net side inverter 3, and second back-to-back converter is made of motor side rectifier 2 and net side inverter 4.Two motor side rectifier 1,2 backs directly in parallel link to each other with the stator side lead-out terminal of magneto alternator, and the dc output end of two motor side rectifiers 1,2 is connected to two independently big capacitor C of voltage stabilizing respectively
1And C
2, through behind the capacitance voltage stabilizing, the positive and negative terminals side of each electric capacity respectively is connected to an inverter 3,4, is connected to electrical network behind inverter output terminal direct paralleled.The dc output end of motor side rectifier 1 connects big capacitor C
1, capacitor C
1Positive and negative terminal side joint has inverter 3, and the dc output end of motor side rectifier 2 connects big capacitor C
2, capacitor C
2Positive and negative terminal side joint has inverter 4. Motor side rectifier 1,2 ac input ends are connected to three pole reactor respectively, and inverter 3,4 outputs also are connected to three pole reactor respectively.
Under the direct situation in parallel in back-to-back converter two ends,, will produce circulation between the two cover current transformers if do not add corresponding control measures.Circulation flows through rectifier 1, inverter 3, rectifier 2, inverter 4.As long as the circulation of one of them back-to-back converter of control is zero, the circulation that can guarantee another back-to-back converter is zero, and it controls block diagram as shown in Figure 4: the three-phase current i of rectifier 1
a, i
b, i
cPi regulator is sent into after making difference with given electric current (zero) in the summation back, obtains reference quantity k, the time d of zero vector ppp effect among k and the SVM
0Ask product, can try to achieve to suppressing the time kd that zero sequence circulation ppp should act on
0Like this, the action time of zero vector ppp and nnn is no longer equal in each control cycle in the SVM algorithm, according to kd
0, DSP regulates duty ratio, the conducting of power controlling device and turn-off time, reaches the purpose that suppresses zero sequence circulation.Rectifier 2 can also effectively must suppress zero sequence circulation when stable and reactive current is zero at the control dc voltage like this.
The parallel connection that Figure 5 shows that band zero sequence circulation controller is formula wind generator system structural representation back-to-back, is the combination of the each several part function introduced previously.Two motor side rectifier 1,2 backs directly in parallel link to each other with the stator side lead-out terminal of magneto alternator, the dc output end of two rectifiers 1,2 is connected to two independently big electric capacity of voltage stabilizing respectively, through behind the capacitance voltage stabilizing, the positive and negative terminals side of each electric capacity respectively is connected to an inverter 3,4, is connected to electrical network behind inverter 3,4 output terminal direct paralleled.The given i of reactive current
d *Through being divided into two behind the current equalizer, given as the reactive current of two rectifiers.Dc voltage u
Dc1With u
Dc2Control the same with single back-to-back system (CCC-0).Rectifier 2 is also taken on the role that circulation suppresses simultaneously, flows through the three-phase current sum (i of rectifier 2
A2+ i
B2+ i
C2) be input to SVPWM and circulation controller after doing difference with zero, be output as switching pulse S
Ap, S
An, S
Bp, S
Bn, S
Cp, S
CnTotal active current i
Sq *With reactive current i
Sd *1/2nd active current i as two inverters 3,4
Sq1 *, i
Sq2 *With reactive current i
Sd1 *, i
Sd2 *Given, can effectively control two cover systems and on average share power, play the device capacity that makes full use of, the effect of protective circuit element.
Whole system shown in Figure 5 and original single back-to-back system (CCC-0) different be the control of whole system many flow equalizing function and circulation inhibit feature.Peripheral circuit comprises sampling, signal conditioning circuit.After the alternating current of three phase network voltage, electric current and each PWM current transformer, the direct voltage equivalent at electric capacity two ends are passed through voltage, current sensor, carry out signal condition, send into the AD sampling channel of DSP then.Realize that by DSP circulation proposed by the invention suppresses algorithm and space vector modulating method, calculate the required conducting of each switch, after the turn-off time, PWM mouth by DSP sends the needed switching signal of control each switch of back-to-back converter, on the driving gate pole of switching device through being connected to each back-to-back converter after overdrive circuit amplification, the isolation, thus control rectifier and inverter operate as normal.The three-phase current i of rectifier 1
a, i
b, i
cPi regulator is sent into after making difference with given electric current (zero) in the summation back, obtains reference quantity k, the time d of zero vector ppp effect among k and the SVM
0Ask product, can try to achieve to suppressing the time kd that zero sequence circulation ppp should act on
0Like this, the action time of zero vector ppp and nnn is no longer equal in each control cycle in the SVM algorithm, according to kd
0, DSP regulates duty ratio, the conducting of power controlling device and turn-off time, reaches the purpose that suppresses zero sequence circulation.
Claims (1)
1. the back-to-back converter of a wind generator system, first back-to-back converter and second back-to-back converter that comprise parallel running, wherein first back-to-back converter is made of motor side first rectifier (1) and net side first inverter (3), and second back-to-back converter is made of motor side second rectifier (2) and net side second inverter (4); First, second rectifier of motor side (1,2) back directly in parallel links to each other with the stator side lead-out terminal of magneto alternator; The dc output end of motor side first rectifier (1) connects big capacitor C
1, capacitor C
1Positive and negative terminal side joint has net side first inverter (3), and the dc output end of motor side second rectifier (2) connects big capacitor C
2, capacitor C
2Positive and negative terminal side joint has net side second inverter (4), is connected to electrical network behind first and second inverter of net side (3,4) output terminal direct paralleled; Each is controlled first, second rectifier of motor side by digital signal processing chip DSP; Two back-to-back converters are separate, two back-to-back converters move simultaneously, or only move one of them, it is characterized in that, when two back-to-back converters moved simultaneously, the shunt circuit zero sequence loop current that suppresses between two back-to-back converters was zero: the three-phase current i of first rectifier
a, i
b, i
cThe summation back is poor with given electric current, carries out PI then and regulates, and obtains reference quantity k, the time d of zero vector ppp effect among k and the SVM
0Ask product, can try to achieve to suppressing zero sequence loop current, the time kd that zero vector ppp should act on
0According to kd
0, digital signal processing chip DSP is regulated duty ratio, the conducting of power controlling device and turn-off time, reaches the purpose that suppresses the zero sequence loop current.
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| CN2007101211103A CN101123352B (en) | 2007-08-30 | 2007-08-30 | Rear change converter of wind power generation system and its loop current control method |
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| CN1738138A (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2006-02-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | Stator double winding asynchronous electrical machine matrix type collecting and generating system of wind force generating field on the sea |
| CN1776990A (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2006-05-24 | 北京交通大学 | High-power wind power generation interconnection technology |
| CN101013817A (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2007-08-08 | 哈尔滨九洲电气股份有限公司 | Full power combination converter for megawatt wind power generation |
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2007
- 2007-08-30 CN CN2007101211103A patent/CN101123352B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1490915A (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2004-04-21 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | single-phase parallel inverter system |
| CN1738138A (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2006-02-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | Stator double winding asynchronous electrical machine matrix type collecting and generating system of wind force generating field on the sea |
| CN1776990A (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2006-05-24 | 北京交通大学 | High-power wind power generation interconnection technology |
| CN101013817A (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2007-08-08 | 哈尔滨九洲电气股份有限公司 | Full power combination converter for megawatt wind power generation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| JP特开2006-238539A 2006.09.07 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI458225B (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2014-10-21 | Delta Electronics Shanghai Co | Wind power converter structure and wind power generation system including the same |
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| CN101123352A (en) | 2008-02-13 |
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