CN101120640B - Aggregated cultivating method for cotton in drought region - Google Patents
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- CN101120640B CN101120640B CN 200710018352 CN200710018352A CN101120640B CN 101120640 B CN101120640 B CN 101120640B CN 200710018352 CN200710018352 CN 200710018352 CN 200710018352 A CN200710018352 A CN 200710018352A CN 101120640 B CN101120640 B CN 101120640B
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to a novel technology of the cluster-plantation of the cotton in the drought region, which comprises the land preparation, the watering before sowing, the seed treatmentbefore sowing, the reasonable fertilizer application, the water irrigation in the growing period according to the need, the artificial branch treatment, the top removal, the strengthening of the farmland management and the appropriate picking. The present invention is characterized in that in the planting process of the cotton, the cotton is planted in a two-row strip-shaped planting way; wherein,the distance among the strip, the row and the hill is 50*30*25 to 50*30*30 cm; the density of the hill is 5600 to 6700 hills per Mu; the density of the plant is 17 thousand to 20 thousand plants perMu;using the plantation way of one hill with three plants, when in plantation, one hill is sewed with five to six seeds; in the growth period, three strong plants are reserved on three directions ofnort h, southeast and southwest, which is classified into three layers of the specification; wherein, the short plant is positioned on the southeast in a height of 40 to 50 cm; the intermediate plant is positioned on the southwest in a height of 50 to 60 cm; the tall plant is positioned on the north in a height of 60 to 70 cm; and distance among the three layers is 10 cm. According to the cluster distribution characteristics that the desert plant is adaptive to the serious drought environment and on the premise of not increasing the consumed quantity of the irrigated water, the fertilizer is concentrated to be applied and the water content is effectively used, which realizes the object of improving the yield of the cotton in the drought region.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the new technology of a kind of drought-hit area cotton cluster plantation.
Background technology
Cotton tradition planting patterns is the even distribution of 1 cave, 1 strain, in recent years, improves the planting patterns of more employing 1 cave, 2 strains of plantation.1 cave, 1 strain of tradition planting patterns is 1 layer, and improving planting patterns 1 cave, 2 strains is 2 layers.
Existing planting patterns mostly is 4 row strip croppings and 2 row strip croppings.4 row strip croppings, band row cave distance is 50 * 30 * 20cm, 9500 cave/mus, the nearly 10,000 strain/mus of 1 cave, 1 strain density, 1 cave, 2 strain density are 1.9 ten thousand strain/mus; 2 row strip croppings, band row cave distance is 50 * 30 * 18cm, 9300 cave/mus, 1 cave, 1 strain density is 0.9 ten thousand strain/mus, 1 cave, 2 strain density are 1.8 ten thousand strain/mus.
Output of cotton differs greatly under the different land occupation conditions, and traditional planting technology has only 981.0kg/hm at local lint yield
2, the experimental field can reach 1074.0kg/hm
2
In order to improve output, existing cotton planting technology all will increase cave strain density as a kind of means, and 1 cave, 1 strain tradition planting patterns exists cave density bigger, easily causes cotton colony light transmission bad, causes a large amount of bud drops of cotton, the shedding of cotton bolls; Next is unfavorable for field management, is unfavorable for that fertilizer is concentrated to use and the water-saving irrigation measure, as the enforcement of little spray and infiltrating irrigation; Exist between individuality isolatedly, the ability of natural calamities such as opposing early frost, dry-hot wind weakens, and plant adapts to the ability of drought environment, the shortcoming that output of cotton is difficult to improve.1 cave 2 strains improve planting patterns, though under the constant situation of traditional planting patterns cave density, increased strain density, than the original output that improved, cave density is still big, still is unfavorable for precision management, and the positive interaction relation fails to demonstrate fully between cotton plant.
Summary of the invention
In order to change traditional planting patterns, purpose of the present invention aims to provide a kind of aggregated high-production cultivating method for cotton in drought region.We further excavate the cotton yield potential according to environmental quality, and adapt to the cluster characteristic distributions of arid harsh and unforgiving environments according to eremophytes, and not increasing under the prerequisite of irrigating water consumption, fertilizer is concentrated and is used, water effective is utilized, and reaches the purpose that significantly improves the drought-hit area output of cotton with this.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following measure:
A kind of aggregated high-production cultivating method for cotton in drought region comprises whole ground, waters and broadcast preceding water, broadcasts preceding seed treatment, rationally topdresses, and irrigates irrigation in growing period, the carefully and neatly done skill of people, pinching as required, enhances field management, and plucks in good time; In the cotton planting process, adopt 2 row strip cropping modes, band row cave distance is 50 * 30 * 25～50 * 30 * 30cm, cave density: 5600～6700 cave/mus, strain density: 1.7～2.0 ten thousand strain/mus; Use 1 cave, 3 strain planting patternss, every bunch planting kind 5-6 grain full seed during sowing; The thinning in vegetative period is stayed healthy seedling 3 strains by positive north, the southeast, 3 directions in southwest, is divided into 3 layers of specification, and short strain is positioned at the southeast, high 40～50cm; Middle strain is positioned at southwestern face, high 50～60cm; High strain is positioned at north, high 60～70cm; Interlamellar spacing 10cm.
The beneficial effect of advantage of the present invention and generation is:
The one, select rationally to plant plant density, adopt 2 row strip croppings, band row cave distance is 50 * 30 * 25～30cm, cave density: 5600～6700 cave/mus, strain density: 1.7～2.0 ten thousand strain/mus: the 2nd, Artificial Control cotton plant height is controlled the cotton plant height about 70cm, and the fruit skill is distributed on the different levels, short strain is positioned at the southeast, high 40～50cm; Middle strain is positioned at southwestern face, high 50～60cm; High strain is positioned at north, high 60～70cm; Interlamellar spacing 10cm constitutes and optimizes the high yield specification, is not increasing under the prerequisite of irrigating water consumption, fertilizer is concentrated and is used, and the water effective utilization changes the soil invalid evaporation into plant effectively transpiration, increase the biological covering in ground, create moistening microenvironment, reach the purpose that improves the drought-hit area output of cotton with this.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is cotton training specification of the present invention and prior art training specification schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is that drought-hit area of the present invention cotton cluster high-yield culture technique is implemented block diagram
Embodiment
Embodiment
2006 in Black River Linze, stage casing, Hexi Corridor oasis, northern edge carry out cotton test, according to the test region climatic characteristic, it is precocious upland cotton " new land early No. 8 " that the present invention selects kind.
Aggregated high-production cultivating method for cotton in drought region is: the one, and whole ground, plantation in good time.Use sufficient base manure mid-April when ground temperature reaches 12-14 ℃, water the level land of leveling land with this kind of tool deeply, shop film, sowing.To bask seeds about 10d prior to seeding, can improve seed germination rate.Seeds before seeding is handled, generally with 25% carbendazim or the seed soaking of 50% thiophanate methyl.Broadcast to the north and south row, 15-20 day in April is sowed, and adopts 2 row strip croppings, and band row cave distance is 50 * 30 * 25cm, cave density: 5600 cave/mus, strain density: 1.7 ten thousand strain/mus, 3 strains of 1 cave, every bunch planting kind 5-6 grain full seed.The 2nd, timely thinning, the rational application of fertilizer is irrigated as required.For realizing that cotton yield must use sufficient base fertilizer, per hectare is executed farmyard manure 30-45t, phosphoric acid diamines 300kg, urea 150kg, potassium sulphate 45kg.When cotton seedling 6-10cm is high, every cave keeps 3 strain thinnings, mid-June, per hectare imposed urea 150kg, cotton all 1 the big peaches of seat of 10d left and right sides cotton plant bottom, back that generally bloom, and the leaf look begins when thin out, per hectare is executed urea 225-300kg, the fertile 150-225kg of KCl increases potash fertilizer and can improve the picked-up ability of cotton plant to the N element, strengthens disease-resistant worm and anti-adversity ability, prevent that cotton premature senescence from reducing the shedding of cotton bolls, it is heavy to increase bell.Cotton is irrigated by " 6 water " or " 5 water " and irrigates.The 3rd, adopt the growth of Chemical Control cotton nutrition, promote reproductive growth, generally want timely and appropriate discovery to carry out Chemical Control 3 times, the 1st time is at seedling in earlier stage, per hectare mepiquat chloride 7.5-12g; For the second time at initial bloom stage, per hectare mepiquat chloride 30-45g; The 3rd time per hectare mepiquat chloride 60-75g can make cotton fruit skill short and sturdy before and after July 15, and the knot bell is concentrated and the many bells of bell are big, and blow-of-cottons are concentrated.The 4th, artificial thinning, whole skill.Stay healthy seedling 3 strains by positive north, the southeast, 3 directions in southwest, pinching forms three layers of specification, divides and pinches for 3 times, and late June, early July, 1 strain reaches 40-50cm in the cotton plant average height to the southeast, during 5-6 of fruit skill, carries out the 1st time and pinches, the strain of formation lower floor; Early July reaches 50-60cm to southwestern face 1 strain in the cotton plant average height, carries out the 2nd time during 7-8 of skill of fruit and pinches, formation middle level strain; Late July reaches 60-70cm to north 1 strain in the cotton plant average height, during 9-10 of skill of fruit, carries out the 3rd time and pinches, formation upper strata strain.When 1-2 bud appears in cotton plant the 1st fruit skill, in time destroy the following superfluous bud of the 1st fruit skill, fruit skill to over growth is destroyed growing point, and in time destroy Lao Ye, cut off the sky skill, according to growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way, the heart of pinching before and after August 1, August 10, the trimming heart was removed whole buds and regeneration skill before and after September 15, was beneficial to nutrient and concentrated and supply with effective bell.The 5th, enhance field management, pay attention to the extermination of disease and insect pest.Weed growth speed needs timely weeding faster than cotton, and cotten aphid, cotton bollworm are the main insect pests of Cotton Production, in time prevent and treat, and the test region prevented cotton boll, cotton bollworm in about July 10, prevents and treats with 1000 times of liquid sprayings of the happy cyanogen of 25% oxygen when occurring.
Experimental example
According to above-mentioned aggregated high-production cultivating method for cotton in drought region, the present invention adopts completely randomized experiment, altogether setting unit area strain number equate, etc. the suitable cave of line-spacing apart from, etc. 3 kinds of plantation modes of line-spacing equal hill spacing, each mode repeats 3 times.9 kinds of plantation specifications all adopt the banded film-covering plantings of 2 row, and Different Ways of Planting, different plantation specification are as follows:
Mode 1: number of plants per unit area equates
A.1 cave 1 strain, band row cave distance: 40 * 20 * 16cm, 14000 cave/mus, 1.4 ten thousand strain/mus.
B.1 cave 2 strains, band row cave distance: 40 * 30 * 27cm, 7000 cave/mus, 1.4 ten thousand strain/mus.
C.1 cave 3 strains, band row cave distance: 40 * 40 * 35cm, 4700 cave/mus, 1.4 ten thousand strain/mus.
Mode 2: wait the suitable cave of line-spacing distance
D.1 cave 1 strain, band row cave is apart from 50 * 30 * 15cm, 11000 cave/mus, 1.1 ten thousand strain/mus.
E.1 cave 2 strains, band row cave is apart from 50 * 30 * 18cm, 9000 cave/mus, 1.8 ten thousand strain/mus.
F.1 cave 3 strains, band row cave is apart from 50 * 30 * 25cm, 6700 cave/mus, 20,000 strain/mus.
Mode 3: wait the line-spacing equal hill spacing
G.1 cave 1 strain, band row cave is apart from 50 * 30 * 20cm, 8300 cave/mus, 0.8 strain/mu.
2 strains of h..1 cave, band row cave is apart from 50 * 30 * 20cm, 8300 cave/mus, 1.7 ten thousand strain/mus.
I.1 cave 3 strains, band row cave is apart from 50 * 30 * 20cm, 8300 cave/mus, 2.5 ten thousand strain/mus.
The cotton management is except cotton plant training, the pinching asynchronism(-nization) of different disposal, and outside the layering difference, other is all identical.
(1) 3 kind of plantation mode, the comparison of 9 kinds of plantation specification lint percentage
3 kinds of plantation modes, 9 kinds of plantation specification lint percentage measurement results see Table 1.
Table 1 Different Ways of Planting, different plantation specification lint percentage change
| Planting patterns | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i |
| Lint percentage (%) | 35 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 36 | 34 | 36 |
As can be seen from Table 1, do not have clear regularity between three kinds of Different Ways of Planting, the highest is 2 strains of b:1 cave, 7000 cave/mus, 1.4 ten thousand strain/mus and 3 strains of f:1 cave, 6700 cave/mus, 20,000 strain/mus; Minimum is 2 strains of h:1 cave, 8300 cave/mus, 1.7 ten thousand strain/mus and 1 strain of a:1 cave, 14000 cave/mus, 1.4 ten thousand strain/mus.The average lint percentage of 1 cave, 1 strain is that the average lint percentage of 36%, 1 cave, 2 strains is that the average lint percentage of 37%, 1 cave, 3 strains is 37.7%.Relatively draw, 3 strains of 1 cave do not reduce lint percentage, and lint percentage is the highest on the contrary.In 1 cave, 3 strains (cluster cultivation) with the highest apart from the lint percentage of 50 * 30 * 25cm, 6700 cave/mus, 20,000 strain/mus with capable cave.
(2) Different Ways of Planting, different plantation specification lint yield are relatively
Table 2 is that three kinds of Different Ways of Planting output of cottons compare.Found out that by table 2 unginned cotton of f specification and lint yield are the highest in the planting patterns 2, a specification is minimum in the planting patterns 1.In number of plants per unit area equated planting patterns 1, a, b, three kinds of different plantation specifications of c relatively found out, it is the highest to plant specification 1 cave 3 strains cultivation lint yield with the c kind; Waiting the suitable cave of line-spacing in planting patterns 2, d, e, three kinds of different plantation specifications of f also are that to plant specification 1 cave 3 strains cultivation lint yield with the f kind the highest also as can be seen; In waiting line-spacing equal hill spacing planting patterns 3, g, h, i plant specification for three kinds and relatively find out, the excessive output that is unfavorable for of cave density that the i kind is planted the 3 strains cultivation of specification 1 cave improves, and descends on the contrary.
Table 2 Different Ways of Planting, different plantation specification output of cotton are relatively
| Planting patterns | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i |
| Seed cotton yield/kghm -2 | 2566.8 ±312.8 | 2865.0 ±148.3 | 3625.1 ±18.3 | 3513.0 ±239.8 | 3656.1 ±757.4 | 3841.0 ±73.7 | 3327.2 ±450.5 | 3368.8 ±335.8 | 3029.9 ±365.6 |
| Lint yield/kghm -2 | 898.4 ±109.5 | 1117.4 ±57.9 | 1377.5 ±7.0 | 1299.8 ±88.7 | 1389.3 ±287.8 | 1498.0 ±28.7 | 1197.8 ±162.2 | 1145.4 ±114.2 | 1090.8 ±131.6 |
(gined cotton, seed cotton yield and biological yield are dry weight, and the different disposal sample thief is behind oven dry 24h under 80 ℃, with fresh and dried dry weight than calculating output).
Drawn by table 2, the gined cotton average yield of 1 cave, 1 strain is 1132.0kghm
-2, 2 strains of 1 cave are 1217.4kghm
-2, 3 strains of 1 cave are 1322.1kghm
-2
Relatively draw from lint yield, the f kind is planted specification: with the highest apart from the lint yield of 50 * 30 * 25cm, 6700 cave/mus, 20,000 strain/mus with capable cave, reach 1498.0kghm in 1 cave, 3 strains (cluster cultivation)
-2, exceed 1 strain 32.3% of 1 cave, exceed 2 strains 23.0% of 1 cave.
Cave density and cotton plant density are too high, and output descends on the contrary, 1 cave, 3 strains (cluster cultivation) band row cave apart from 50 * 30 * 25～30cm, 5600～6700 cave/mus, 1.7～20,000 strain/mus for well.
(3) Different Ways of Planting, different plantation specification biomass are relatively
Table 3 Different Ways of Planting, different plantation specification biological yield are relatively
| The plantation specification | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i |
| Total biological yield/thm -2 | 4.86 ±0.59 | 9.24 ±0.48 | 13.07 ±0.07 | 4.15 ±0.28 | 11.14 ±2.31 | 13.97 ±0.27 | 4.25 ±0.58 | 9.38 ±0.94 | 15.80 ±1.91 |
| Geodyte output/thm -2 | 4.16 ±0.58 | 7.95 ±0.44 | 11.46 ±0.09 | 3.49 ±0.28 | 9.12 ±1.82 | 11.58 ±0.23 | 3.54 ±0.48 | 7.65 ±0.76 | 13.42 ±1.86 |
| Terrestrial life output/thm -2 | 0.70 ±0.03 | 1.29 ±0.08 | 1.61 ±0.12 | 0.66 ±0.04 | 2.02 ±0.49 | 2.39 ±0.11 | 0.71 ±0.09 | 1.73 ±0.19 | 2.38 ±0.08 |
From the total biological yield of table 3 as can be seen, the plantation specification is that a, d, g 1 cave, 1 strain are minimum, average out to 4.42thm
-2, the plantation specification is b, e, h 1 cave 2 strain average out to 9.92thm
-2, 1 cave, 3 strain average out to 14.28thm
-2Comparison sheet 2 as can be seen, the total biological yield of i specification is the highest, but lint yield reduces on the contrary.
Geodyte output 1 cave 1 strain average out to 3.73thm
-2, 2 strains of 1 cave are 8.24thm
-2, 3 strains of 1 cave are 12.15thm
-2
Relatively plant specification f and plantation specification i as can be seen from the root system biological yield, after density is excessive, increase mainly be ground biomass, root biomass does not have much variations substantially.From plantation specification a, d, g also as can be seen, the different densities ground biomass changes greatly, and root biomass changes very little.
More as can be seen, cluster is cultivated under the situation that does not increase irrigation norm, has significantly increased biomass from above-mentioned test data, and it is effectively rising the soil invalid evaporation can be changed into cotton plant like this.Further analyze and find out, in the total biological yield that increases, mainly increased geodyte output, increased the biological covering in ground like this, help creating moistening microenvironment.
(4) Different Ways of Planting, different plantation specification water use efficiency are relatively
Table 4 Different Ways of Planting, different plantation specification water use efficiency are relatively
| Planting patterns | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i |
| Unginned cotton/total water consumption/kgm -3 | 0.32 ±0.04 | 0.35 ±0.02 | 0.45 ±0 | 0.43 ±0.03 | 0.45 ±0.09 | 0.47 ±0.01 | 0.41 ±0.06 | 0.42 ±0.04 | 0.37 ±0.05 |
| Gined cotton/total water consumption/kgm -3 | 0.11 ±0.01 | 0.14 ±0.01 | 0.17 ±0 | 0.16 ±0.01 | 0.17 ±0.04 | 0.18 ±0 | 0.15 ±0.02 | 0.14 ±0.01 | 0.13 ±0.02 |
Draw from table 4, the unginned cotton water use efficiency of plantation specification a, d, g 1 cave, 1 strain is 0.39, and the gined cotton water use efficiency is 0.14; The unginned cotton water use efficiency of plantation specification b, e, h 1 cave, 2 strains is 0.41, and the gined cotton water use efficiency is 0.15; The unginned cotton water use efficiency of plantation specification c, f, 3 strains of i1 cave is 0.43, and the gined cotton water use efficiency is 0.16.As can be seen, 1 cave, 3 strains cultivations water use efficiency is higher than 1 strain of 1 cave and 2 strains of 1 cave, and it is the highest wherein to plant specification f, and the gined cotton water use efficiency reaches 0.18.
Relatively draw from water use efficiency, cluster is cultivated in (3 strains of 1 cave) to be with capable cave distance 50 * 30 * 25cm, 6700 cave/mus, 20,000 strain/mus for the highest.
Claims (1)
1. drought-hit area cotton cluster cultivation method, comprise whole ground, water and broadcast preceding water, broadcast preceding seed treatment, rationally topdress, the irrigation phase pours water, the carefully and neatly done skill of people, pinching, enhances field management, pluck in good time, it is characterized in that in the cotton planting process adopt 2 row strip cropping modes, band row cave distance is 50 * 30 * 25～50 * 30 * 30cm, cave density: 5600～6700 cave/mus, strain density: 1.7～20,000 strain/mus; Use 1 cave, 3 strain planting patternss, every bunch planting kind 5-6 grain full seed during sowing; The thinning in vegetative period is stayed healthy seedling 3 strains by positive north, the southeast, 3 directions in southwest, is divided into 3 layers of specification, and short strain is positioned at the southeast, high 40～50cm; Middle strain is positioned at southwestern face, high 50～60cm; High strain is positioned at north, high 60～70cm; Interlamellar spacing 10cm.
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| CN101692767B (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2011-04-27 | 高龙林 | Method for culturing cotton with high yield |
| CN104067869B (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2017-02-15 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Chemical cotton topping method for shine early cotton region |
| CN106576774B (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-12-15 | 国营全椒县棉花原种总场 | A kind of low disease implantation methods of cotton yield |
| CN108605779A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-10-02 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | A kind of cotton thin planting precocity High-quality Cultivation method |
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| 朱玉国.棉花高密度栽培在棉花高产县及新疆的实践.中国农学通报20 6.2004,20(6),全文. * |
| 王长江."一穴三株"简化栽 中低棉田效益增.河北农业科技 3.2005,20(6),全文. * |
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