CN101127753A - A channel estimation method applicable to multi-carrier system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a channel estimation method for multi-carrier multi-antenna systems, which comprises the following steps: extracting the received signals of pilot frequency locations at the receiving end and conducting a preliminary estimate of the channel to attain the initial channel time domain impulse responses of each antenna; inputting the initial channel time domain impulse responses into the energy compensation module to select the effective path, and conduct energy compensation for each effective path and eliminate the impacts on the channel estimation of the energy spreading due to virtual carrier waves, so as to achieve a more accurate time domain impulse response; implementing the Fourier transformation to achieve the response estimate of channel frequency domain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a future mobile communication system of high-speed communication, and provides a high-performance channel estimation method suitable for a multi-carrier system, in particular suitable for a multi-carrier multi-antenna system.
Background
The development trend of future mobile communication services is high-quality multimedia services, and the requirement of cell throughput is increased to 100 Mbps-1 Gbps. However, the available spectrum resources for future mobile communication are limited, and in order to realize high data rate information transmission on the limited spectrum resources, a feasible method is to develop a new air interface technology with higher spectrum utilization rate.
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), also known as multiple antenna, technology can achieve high spectrum utilization and diversity gain. The processing complexity of the combination of mimo technology and multi-carrier technology, especially Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), is only linear with the system bandwidth. In recent years, the technology has received more and more attention in the world and will become a core technology of a physical layer of a future wireless communication system. In a multi-antenna multi-carrier communication system, a receiver must perform correlation detection according to the estimated channel frequency domain characteristics between each transmitting and receiving antenna pair. The channel estimation accuracy is crucial for the performance of multi-antenna multi-carrier systems. In addition, since all transmit antennas transmit signals continuously at the same time, aliasing of signals from all transmit antennas is received at the receive antennas, which makes channel estimation more difficult.
In practical systems, in order to avoid distortion of signals caused by roll-off regions of the filter frequency domain response, a part of the carrier of the transmission bandwidth is usually left as a guard band. Due to the existence of the guard band, the orthogonality of the pilot frequency is destroyed, the channel estimation performance is reduced, and some high-performance channel estimation methods are difficult to adopt simplified algorithms, so that more reasonable pilot frequency sequences and more high-precision receiving end algorithms need to be designed. At present, a channel estimation method for a multi-antenna multi-carrier system in the presence of virtual carriers is mainly a channel estimation method based on a Least Squares (LS) criterion, and the method is based on the condition that multipath delay is known and requires matrix inversion to ensure accuracy. The method has the disadvantage of high computational complexity and can not meet the requirements of practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems in channel estimation, the present invention provides a channel estimation method suitable for a multi-carrier system, especially for a multi-carrier multi-antenna system. The invention can well compensate the energy leakage caused by the virtual carrier, and effectively inhibit the additive white Gaussian noise, thereby obtaining better channel estimation performance.
The invention discloses a channel estimation method for a multi-carrier multi-antenna system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting a receiving signal of a pilot frequency position at a receiving end, and carrying out primary channel estimation to obtain initial channel time domain impulse response of each antenna;
(2) inputting the obtained initial channel time domain impulse response into an energy compensation module, selecting effective paths, performing energy compensation on each effective path, eliminating the influence of energy diffusion brought by virtual carriers on channel estimation, and obtaining more accurate time domain impulse response;
(3) and performing Fourier transform to obtain frequency domain response estimation of the channel.
Preferably, for a system in which the multipath delay of the channel is unknown, the method comprises the steps of:
(1) for the nth symbol, firstly, extracting pilot frequency to calculate and obtain an initial value h of time domain channel estimation on each antenna0(n)；
(2) Entering an energy compensation circulation module with unknown time delay, and detecting the impulse response h of the current residual channel in the first circulationl(n), in order to find the strongest path (l ═ 0 is the initial value), judge whether the said path is the effective path, if the said path is the effective path, the energy diffusion of the said effective path resumes, namely the complex amplitude of the said path multiplies the energy diffusion compensation function of the normalization, get the energy diffusion g of the said pathl(n), and removing the strongest path and energy diffusion from the residual channel impulse response to obtain the current residual channel impulse response hl(n)＝hl-1(n)-gl(n) simultaneously updating the constructed channel impulse response, otherwise, ending the circulation;
(3) after the circulation is finished, analyzing the initial value h of the channel impulse response0(n), replacing the sampling point less than the threshold value with the corresponding channel estimation impulse response to obtain the maximumAnd the final channel impulse response h (n) is subjected to Fourier transform to obtain a final frequency domain response estimation value H (n).
Preferably, for a system with known channel multipath delays, the method comprises the steps of:
(1) for the nth symbol, extracting pilot frequency to calculate and obtain the initial value h of the time domain channel estimation on each antenna0(n)；
(2) The effective path is taken out according to the known multipath time delay to obtain the initial channel estimation of the effective path
And order Then entering an energy compensation circulation module with known time delay until the condition is met, ending circulation and jumping out of circulation, multiplying the complex amplitude of each effective path by the normalized energy diffusion compensation function in each circulation, constructing the mutual interference signals among the paths caused by energy diffusion, and estimating from the initial channel of the effective pathInterference signals are cancelled and updated with the result
More accurate effective diameter information is obtained;
(3) will be provided with
Multiplying by normalization coefficient to construct final time domain channel estimation impulse response
And obtaining a final frequency domain response estimated value H (n) after Fourier transformation.
Preferably, a normalized energy diffusion compensation function is constructed according to the effective subcarrier positions, the effective subcarrier positions are filled with the same energy signals, the rest positions are set to be zero, and the function obtained after energy normalization is the normalized energy diffusion compensation function through inverse Fourier transform.
Preferably, the method is applicable to single-transmission single-reception, single-transmission multiple-reception or multiple-transmission single-reception communication systems.
Preferably, the set of all the current strongest paths is the effective path of the channel experienced between each pair of transmitting antennas and each pair of receiving antennas, and the position of the effective path is the multipath time delay of the channel.
Preferably, whether the maximum value of the energy or the absolute amplitude of the current strongest path is greater than a set threshold value or not is judged as an effective path if the maximum value of the energy or the absolute amplitude of the current strongest path is greater than the set threshold value, and otherwise, the maximum value of the energy or the absolute amplitude of the current strongest path is judged as a non-effective path.
Preferably, the threshold value is set according to the noise floor.
Preferably, the normalization coefficient is a ratio of the total number of subcarriers to the number of available subcarriers.
Preferably, the interference signal between the paths is eliminated based on a serial interference cancellation method or based on a parallel interference cancellation method.
Preferably, the end-of-cycle condition is current
With the last cycle
Is less than a set threshold.
Preferably, the cycle end condition is that a set number of cycles is reached.
For a system with unknown channel delay, the method of the invention can obtain accurate multi-path delay information. The invention can well compensate the energy leakage caused by the virtual carrier, and effectively restrain the additive white Gaussian noise, thereby obtaining better channel estimation performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a channel estimation method for a scheme in which channel delay is unknown according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a channel estimation method for a scheme in which channel delay is known according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
According to the present invention, there is provided a channel estimation method for a multi-carrier multi-antenna system, comprising the steps of:
at a sending end, preferably, pilot frequency with the number of available subcarriers is selected, time domain pilot signals are obtained through inverse Fourier transform, and then different cyclic shift processing is carried out on the time domain pilot signals on each antenna; and finally, adding a cyclic prefix, forming a sending frame with the data symbol, and sending out the sending frame through a sending antenna.
Preferably, a constant amplitude-zero autocorrelation (CAZAC) sequence with different offset phases is used as a pilot, the cyclic shift number selects the maximum possible number of bits, i.e. the ratio of the total number of system subcarriers to the number of transmitting antennas, and is guaranteed to be larger than the maximum multipath delay.
At a receiving end, firstly extracting a frequency domain receiving signal of a pilot frequency position, carrying out primary frequency domain channel estimation, zeroing partial channel response of a virtual carrier, then carrying out inverse Fourier transform on the primary estimated channel to obtain channel time domain impulse response of each antenna, then selecting effective paths, carrying out energy compensation on each effective path to obtain more accurate time domain impulse response, and finally carrying out Fourier transform to obtain final channel frequency domain response estimation. The receiving end comprises the following specific steps:
for systems where channel multipath delay is unknown:
(1) firstly, extracting a pilot signal, removing virtual carriers after Fourier transformation, and obtaining pilot data on the position of an effective subcarrier; then dividing the received frequency domain pilot signal with the local pilot sequence; then, after zero padding is carried out on the virtual carrier position, inverse Fourier transform is carried out to obtain channel impulse responses of different antennas; finally, according to the information of different cyclic shift positions of different antennas of the sending end, the effective data is intercepted, and the rest positions are filled with zero, so that the initial value h of the time domain channel impulse response of each sending antenna is obtained0(n)。
(2) Detecting the current residual channel impulse response hl(n) finding the current strongest path, wherein l is the cycle number, and l is 0 and is an initial value.
(3) Judging whether the diameter is an effective diameter, if so, entering the step (4); otherwise, ending the circulation and turning to the step (7).
Preferably, whether the energy or the maximum absolute amplitude value of the current strongest path is greater than a set threshold value or not can be judged, if so, the path is judged to be an effective path, and otherwise, the path is judged to be a non-effective path.
(4) The energy spread of the effective path is recovered and the complex amplitude of the path is multiplied by the normalized energy compensation function. Preferably, the following sinc function may be used:
wherein, taulAnd the position of the effective path of the I-th strip is shown, wherein M is the number of effective subcarriers, and N is the length of an OFDM symbol. The energy spread g of the diameter is obtainedl(n)。
(5) The energy expansion of the strongest path is removed from the residual channel impulse response to obtain the current residual channel impulse response hl(n)＝hl-1(n)-gl(n)。
(6) The channel impulse response is constructed by the update, whereinAnd (4) in order to construct an initial value of the channel impulse response, each sampling point value is zero, and the step (3) is returned.
(7) Analyzing initial value h of channel impulse response0(n), replacing the sampling points smaller than the threshold value with the constructed channel estimation impulse response of the response to obtain the final time domain channel impulse response h (n), and obtaining the final frequency domain response estimation value H (n) after Fourier transformation.
For a system with known channel multipath delays:
(1) firstly, extracting pilot frequency, removing virtual carrier after Fourier transformation to obtain pilot frequency data on the position of an effective subcarrier; then dividing the received frequency domain pilot signal with the local pilot sequence; then, after zero padding is carried out on the virtual carrier position, inverse Fourier transform is carried out to obtain channel impulse responses of different antennas; finally, according to the information of different cyclic shift positions of different antennas at the transmitting endIntercepting effective data, and zero-filling the rest positions to obtain the initial value h of the time domain channel impulse response of each transmitting antenna0(n)。
(2) The effective path is taken out according to the known multipath time delay to obtain the initial channel estimation of the effective pathAnd order
(3) Multiplying the complex amplitude of each effective path by a normalized energy diffusion compensation function, constructing mutual interference signals among the paths due to energy diffusion, and estimating from the initial channel of the effective path
Interference signal is eliminated and the result is used to update
And obtaining a more accurate channel estimation value of the effective path.
The interference signals between the paths are eliminated,
preferably, based on the successive interference cancellation method;
preferably, the method can also be based on a parallel interference cancellation method.
(4) If the circulation end condition is met, entering the step (5); otherwise, returning to the step (3).
Preferably, the end of cycle stripThe member being current
With the last cycle
The difference is less than a set threshold;
preferably, the cycle end condition is that a set number of cycles is reached.
(5) Will be provided with
Multiplying by normalization coefficient to construct final time domain channel estimation impulse response
And obtaining a final frequency domain response estimated value H (n) after Fourier transformation. Wherein, the normalization coefficient is the ratio of the total number of subcarriers to the number of available subcarriers.
The present invention is also applicable to single-input single-output (SISO), single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input single-output (MISO) communication systems.
The channel estimation method for a multicarrier multi-antenna system of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and with reference to specific embodiments.
The effectiveness of the channel estimation method based on energy compensation proposed by the present invention is illustrated by taking a typical multi-antenna multi-carrier system as an example. Suppose the antenna configuration of the system is 4 transmit antennas and 4 receive antennas, i.e., NT＝4、NR4. The whole bandwidth is divided into 512 subcarriers by using an OFDM modulation method, that is, N is 512, 300 subcarriers are effective subcarriers for transmitting pilot and data, that is, M is 300, and the remaining 212 subcarriers are virtual carriers.
At a transmitting end, firstly generating an M-300 long pilot frequency sequence, and zero padding at a virtual carrier position; then carrying out inverse Fourier transform to obtain a time domain pilot signal; next, the time domain pilot on each antenna is calculatedFrequency signal is subjected to N/NT128 points cyclic shift; and finally, adding a cyclic prefix, forming a sending frame with the data symbol, and sending out the sending frame through a sending antenna.
At the receiving end, the channel estimation methods of all receiving antennas are the same. For each receiving antenna, firstly extracting a pilot signal, removing virtual carriers after Fourier transformation, and obtaining pilot data of M-300 points at the position of an effective subcarrier; then dividing the received frequency domain pilot signal with the local pilot sequence; then, after zero padding is carried out on the virtual carrier position, inverse Fourier transform is carried out to obtain channel impulse responses of different antennas; finally, according to the information of different cyclic shift positions of different antennas of the sending end, respectively intercepting effective data of each sending antenna, and zero filling of other positions to obtain an initial value h of time domain channel impulse response of each sending antennatx 0(n), t is 1, 2, 3, 4. Since the processing of the channel impulse response for each transmit antenna is the same, the following loop portion processes for only one transmit antenna.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a channel estimation method for a scheme in which a channel delay is unknown according to the present invention. Specifically, for a system with unknown channel multipath delay, the following loop processing is performed:
in the first cycle:
the first step is as follows: detecting the current residual channel impulse response hl(n) finding the current strongest path, wherein l is the cycle number, and l is 0 and is an initial value. And judging whether the path is an effective path, if so, entering the second step, and otherwise, ending the circulation.
The second step is that: recovering the energy spread of the effective path by using the complex amplitude beta of the pathlMultiplying by a normalized energy compensation function to obtain the energy spread g of the pathl(n)＝βl×Sincl(τ)。
Wherein,τlthe position of the first effective diameter is shown.
The third step: the energy expansion of the strongest path is removed from the residual channel impulse response to obtain the current residual channel impulse response hl(n)＝hl-1(n)-gl(n) of (a). The channel impulse response is constructed by the update, wherein
To construct an initial value of the channel impulse response, each sample point value is zero. Then the circulation is continued in the first step.
After the circulation is finished, analyzing the initial value h of the channel impulse response0(n), replacing the sampling point less than the threshold value with the structure channel estimation impulse response of the response to obtain the final channel impulse response h (n), and obtaining the final frequency domain response estimation value H (n) after Fourier transformation.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a channel estimation method for a scheme in which channel delay is known according to the present invention. Specifically, for a system with unknown channel multipath delay, taking a scheme based on the parallel interference cancellation principle as an example, the specific steps are as follows:
the first step is as follows: the effective path is taken out according to the known multipath time delay to obtain the initial channel estimation of the effective path
And order
The second step is that: the complex amplitude of each effective path
And multiplying the normalized energy diffusion compensation function, and adding the energy diffusion of each path to obtain the mutual interference signals among the paths.
The third step: initial channel estimation from an effective pathSubtracting the interference signal and updating the result
More accurate effective diameter information is obtained.
The fourth step: if the cycle times reach the set times, entering the fifth step; otherwise, returning to the second step.
The fifth step: will be provided withMultiplying by normalization coefficient N/M1.7067 to construct final time domain channel estimation impulse response
Obtaining the final frequency domain response estimated value after Fourier transformationH(n)。
The simulation uses a typical urban channel, and the path number L is 6. The carrier frequency is 2GHz, the system bandwidth is 5MHz, and the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz. The Mean Square Error (MSE) of the channel estimate for an unknown channel delay scheme may be up to 10 at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 28dB-3The MSE of the channel estimation method of the known channel delay scheme can reach 4 multiplied by 10-4While the MSE of the method without energy compensation is only 7 × 10-2。
Simulation results show that the method can well compensate energy leakage caused by virtual carriers and improve channel estimation precision.
Claims (10)
1. A channel estimation method for a multi-carrier system, comprising the steps of:
(1) extracting a receiving signal of a pilot frequency position at a receiving end, and carrying out primary channel estimation to obtain initial channel time domain impulse response of each antenna;
(2) inputting the obtained initial channel time domain impulse response into an energy compensation module, selecting effective paths, performing energy compensation on each effective path, eliminating the influence of energy diffusion brought by virtual carriers on channel estimation, and obtaining more accurate time domain impulse response;
(3) and performing Fourier transform to obtain frequency domain response estimation of the channel.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein for a system in which multipath delays of a channel are unknown, the method comprises the steps of:
(1) for the nth symbol, firstly, extracting pilot frequency to calculate and obtain an initial value h of time domain channel estimation on each antenna0(n)；
(2) Entering an energy compensation circulation module with unknown time delay, and detecting the impulse response h of the current residual channel in the first circulationl(n), in order to find the strongest path (l ═ 0 is the initial value), judge whether the said path is the effective path, if the said path is the effective path, the energy diffusion of the said effective path resumes, namely the complex amplitude of the said path multiplies the energy diffusion compensation function of the normalization, get the energy diffusion g of the said pathl(n), and removing the strongest path and energy diffusion from the residual channel impulse response to obtain the current residual channel impulse response hl(n)＝hl-1(n)-gl(n) simultaneously updating the constructed channel impulse response, otherwise, ending the circulation;
(3) after the circulation is finished, analyzing the initial value h of the channel impulse response0(n), the sampling point less than the threshold value is replaced by the corresponding channel estimation impulse response to obtain the final channel impulse response h (n), and the final channel impulse response h (n) is obtained after Fourier transformationFrequency domain response estimate h (n).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein for a system with known channel multipath delays, the method comprises the steps of: calculating to obtain an initial value h of the time domain channel estimation on each antenna0(n)；
(2) The effective path is taken out according to the known multipath time delay to obtain the initial channel estimation of the effective path
And order Then entering an energy compensation circulation module with known time delay until the condition is met, ending circulation and jumping out of circulation, multiplying the complex amplitude of each effective path by the normalized energy diffusion compensation function in each circulation, constructing the mutual interference signals among the paths caused by energy diffusion, and estimating from the initial channel of the effective pathInterference signals are cancelled and updated with the resultMore accurate effective diameter information is obtained;
(3) will be provided with
Multiplying by normalization coefficient to construct final time domain channel estimation impulse responseAnd obtaining a final frequency domain response estimated value H (n) after Fourier transformation.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein a normalized energy dispersion compensation function is constructed according to the effective subcarrier positions, the effective subcarrier positions are filled with the same energy signals, the rest positions are set to zero, and the function obtained after energy normalization through inverse fourier transform is the normalized energy dispersion compensation function.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is adapted for use in a single-shot single-receive, single-shot multiple-receive, or multiple-shot single-receive communication system.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the set of all current strongest paths is the effective path of the channel experienced between each pair of transmitting and receiving antennas, and the position is the multipath delay of the channel.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the maximum value of the energy or absolute amplitude of the current strongest path is greater than a set threshold, and if greater than the set threshold, the path is determined to be an effective path, otherwise, the path is determined to be a non-effective path.
8. The method of claim 3, wherein the normalization factor is determined from a diffusion energy to energy ratio. .
9. The method of claim 3, wherein canceling the interference signals between the paths is based on a serial interference cancellation method or based on a parallel interference cancellation method.
10. The method of claim 3, wherein the end-of-loop condition is current
With the last cycle
Is less than a set threshold or reaches a set number of cycles.
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| CN106130671A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-16 | 北京交通大学 | The method of estimation of non-integral multiple multidiameter delay |
| CN110311871A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-10-08 | 北京松果电子有限公司 | Channel average delay estimation method, device and storage medium |
| CN110311871B (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2021-07-27 | 北京小米松果电子有限公司 | Channel average time delay estimation method, device and storage medium |
| CN110568439A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-13 | 中南大学 | Impulse type through-wall radar antenna ringing suppression method based on deconvolution |
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