CN101106962B - 具有低力、慢恢复弹性腰部的一次性套穿尿布 - Google Patents
具有低力、慢恢复弹性腰部的一次性套穿尿布 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一次性套穿尿布。所述尿布具有面向穿着者表面和面向衣服表面、纵向中心线和横向中心线、前腰区、后腰区、以及设置在所述前后腰区之间的裆区。套穿尿布的前腰区和后腰区接合在一起形成腰部开口和腿部开口。套穿尿布包括吸收组件和弹性带。吸收组件包括液体可透过的顶片、液体不可透过的底片、以及设置在所述顶片和底片之间的吸收芯。弹性带15秒后显示小于约80%的最大力,如所述释放百分比测试所测定。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种具有弹性带的吸收制品。所述弹性带显示慢恢复伸长性质。本发明涉及一种具有弹性带的吸收制品,所述弹性带在恢复时显示递增的力。
发明背景
人们早已知道,吸收制品,例如常规带式尿布、套穿尿布、训练裤、卫生巾、短裤护垫、失禁贴身短内裤等,能够提供接收和容纳尿液和/或其它身体渗出物的有益效果。为了有效地容纳渗出物,制品应提供围绕穿着者的腰部和腿部的紧密贴合性。诸如常规尿布的制品一般包括由扣紧部件可释放地连接的前腰部分和后腰部分。应用常规尿布通常由护理人员与仰卧的穿着者完成。这种尿布可允许护理人员容易地应用,但通常使得穿着者很难自我应用。此外,常规尿布可能难以在穿着者站立时应用。
一部分是为了解决与常规尿布有关的问题,例如与自我应用和站立应用相关的一些困难,人们研发了一次性套穿尿布。套穿尿布设计用于在允许自我应用的同时能够有效地容纳渗出物。套穿尿布一般包括前腰区、后腰区和位于其间的裆区。可将前腰区与后腰区连接以形成腰部开口和一对腿部开口。通常,可以预接合构型制造套穿尿布,以使前腰部分和后腰部分不需要在穿用前由穿着者或护理人员来连接。在一个具体方面,套穿尿布已流行用于能够走路并且可能处于入厕训练阶段的儿童。套穿尿布可作为介于常规尿布和内衣之间的过渡产品为儿童所使用。套穿尿布对于正在进行入厕训练并试图不再依赖护理人员的儿童来讲是一个重要转折点。然而,要想与常规尿布相比具有实质性的改进,套穿尿布不仅应当允许自我应用,而且应当提供使自我应用更容易的机制。
令人遗憾的是,当前的套穿尿布难以由儿童自我应用。很多套穿尿布具有穿着期间环绕儿童腰部的套穿尿布部分中的弹性元件。弹性元件允许套穿尿布围绕儿童的腰部紧密适形地贴合。弹性元件还允许套穿尿布适合一定范围的体形和尺寸,从而使套穿尿布显示一定程度的定制贴合性。虽然弹性元件在应用后是有益的,但弹性元件可能会妨碍应用,尤其是自我应用的过程。在应用期间,套穿尿布的腰部开口可能自其松驰尺寸变大。对特定儿童穿着者体形而言,通常有必要增大腰部开口。在将套穿尿布自儿童脚部拉到臀部时,儿童的围长一般增加。理想的是,在应用过程中套穿尿布保持增大的腰部开口。具体地讲,在整个应用过程中,腰部开口周长应保持大于腰部开口必须在其上通过的儿童的围长。对儿童的研究显示,根据多种因素,例如儿童的体格大小、灵敏性、力量以及注意力集中度,自我应用衣服(例如,内衣或套穿尿布)可能需要约12秒至约2分钟的时间。自我应用典型地可能需要约15秒至约30秒的时间。
然而,现有的套穿尿布一旦被伸长就不能保持增大的腰部开口。套穿尿布内的弹性元件可施加一定的力使腰部开口收缩。儿童或护理人员可能需要施加横向力以便增加套穿尿布的腰部开口尺寸或保持腰部开口尺寸。如果套穿尿布的腰部开口在某个特定应用时间紧缩到小于尿布必须在其上通过的儿童围长,则可能需要施加横向力。例如,臀部区域典型为套穿尿布必须在其上通过的最大围长。当尿布在应用期间通过臀部时,如果尿布的腰部开口小于围绕儿童臀部的臀围,则可能需要对套穿尿布施加横向力。
也应当了解,对穿着者身体压紧的任何紧缩力都会产生摩擦,而在应用过程中必须克服该摩擦。如果套穿尿布在应用时与穿着者的身体接触,腰部开口必须继续扩大,这会导致增加弹性元件的应变。增加应变通常导致法向力增加,从而进一步使儿童必须克服的摩擦力增加。如果儿童的灵敏性和力量有限,增加摩擦力就会使儿童无法成功地穿上套穿尿布。
此外,在套穿尿布沿着腿部向上拉动时,穿着者的身体结构可能成为应用的障碍。臀部可作为障碍绊住套穿尿布的腰部边缘并有效阻止套穿尿布进一步向上移动。因此,可能需要将腰部开口扩大到一般大于臀围的周长。在当前制品中由弹性元件显示的力可能使腰部周长扩大对应用者来讲困难,而对儿童来讲可以说是不可能。
造成套穿尿布应用困难的另一个因素为腰部开口变形。套穿尿布的腰部开口的形状应理想地反映穿着者的体形,尤其是儿童在最大围点的体形。一般来讲,圆形或椭圆形(例如,具有约1:1至1:2纵横比的椭圆形)的腰部开口是优选的。然而,如果腰部开口必须变大,这种优选的腰部开口形状可能变形。例如,在使腰部开口扩大时,应用者典型在围绕腰部边缘均匀隔开的两个点抓住套穿尿布。施加横向力在抓点之间产生一条力线。在腰部开口沿着这条力线伸长时,腰部开口可能以垂直于横向力线的方向内收或颈缩。由于应用者经常抓住套穿尿布接近穿着者臀部的侧边,套穿尿布可能在尿布的前部和后部之间颈缩。尿布在前部和后部中颈缩可进一步妨碍应用,因为腰部开口在穿着者体形突出的点(臀部)被颈缩。
即使护理人员愿意帮助穿着者自我应用,当前的套穿尿布也可能使这种努力失败。在将套穿尿布提供给穿着者应用之前,护理人员可扩大套穿尿布的腰部开口的尺寸。理想的是,护理人员可将腰部开口扩张到大于穿着者下体的围长。然而,如果不保持此伸长力,套穿尿布将典型地由于伸长的弹性元件施加的力“很快恢复”到基本其初始、松驰尺寸。当前套穿尿布结构的弹性元件是强有力的,这在于它们收缩迅速并且施加相对高的力。因此,如果套穿尿布由护理人员扩展,然后再提供给儿童,儿童就会使用套穿尿布,这可能需要施加连续的伸长力,不然制品就会回到其初始、松驰尺寸。
考虑到上述问题,希望提供一种为容易应用、尤其为儿童容易自我应用而定制的一次性套穿尿布。有益的是提供一种腰围在释放伸长力后保持伸长状态一段时间的一次性套穿尿布。如果这一时间段接近应用过程所需的平均时间则会特别有益。同样有益的是提供一种只需要最小的力就可保持伸长或使套穿尿布重新伸长的一次性套穿尿布。如果套穿尿布在恢复时施加递增力也将是有利的。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种一次性吸收套穿尿布,所述尿布具有面向穿着者表面和面向衣服表面、纵向中心线和横向中心线、前腰区、后腰区、以及设置在前后腰区之间的裆区。可连接套穿尿布的前腰区和后腰区以形成腰部开口和腿部开口。套穿尿布包括吸收组件和弹性带。吸收组件包括液体可透过的顶片、液体不可透过的底片和设置在顶片与底片之间的吸收芯。弹性带15秒后显示小于约80%的最大力,如所述释放百分比测试所测定。弹性带15秒后可显示小于约50%的最大力,如所述释放百分比测试所测定。弹性带15秒后可显示小于约20%的最大力,如所述释放百分比测试所测定。弹性带45秒后可显示小于约90%的最大力,如所述释放百分比测试所测定。弹性带45秒后可显示小于约70%的最大力,如所述释放百分比测试所测定。弹性带45秒后可显示小于约55%的最大力,如所述释放百分比测试所测定。
所述一次性套穿尿布可具有显示至少0.1秒的30%恢复时间的弹性带。所述一次性套穿尿布可具有显示至少1秒的30%恢复时间的弹性带。所述一次性套穿尿布可具有显示至少5秒的30%恢复时间的弹性带。所述一次性套穿尿布可具有显示至少10秒的30%恢复时间的弹性带。
所述一次性套穿尿布可具有显示小于约508mm/min的恢复速度的弹性带。
所述一次性套穿尿布可具有弹性带,所述弹性带显示至少约0.15N/cm的最大规一化力,如所述释放百分比测试所测定。
所述一次性套穿尿布可具有弹性带,所述弹性带180秒后显示至少30%,至少约60%,至少约90%的释放百分比,如所述释放百分比测试所测定。
附图概述
图1a为根据本发明的一次性套穿尿布的透视图。
图1b为根据本发明显示扣紧系统的一次性套穿尿布的透视图。
图2为以未缝合、未收缩状态平坦放置的图1的一次性套穿尿布的透视图。
图3为根据本发明的一次性套穿尿布的透视图。
图4为以未缝合、未收缩状态平坦放置的图3的一次性套穿尿布的透视图。
图5a显示释放百分比测试所用的定制吊钩。
图5b显示其上接合样品的释放百分比测试所用的定制吊钩。
图6为各实施例的最大力百分比-时间的标绘图。
图7为各实施例的规一化力与时间的标绘图。
发明详述
本文所用术语“吸收制品”是指吸收和容纳排泄物和/或身体渗出物的装置,更具体讲是指紧贴或邻近穿着者身体放置以吸收和容纳从身体排出的排泄物和/或渗出物的装置。本文所用术语“一体的吸收制品”是指由独立部分一起联接成共同实体而形成的吸收制品,因此无需单独的处理部分,例如单独的固定器和/或衬里。本文所用术语“一次性制品”是指通常不打算恢复或再次使用而是在一次使用后丢弃的制品。术语“尿布”是指通常由婴儿和失禁者围绕下体穿着的吸收制品。本发明可应用于吸收制品,例如尿布、套穿尿布或裤式衣服、训练裤、失禁贴身短内裤、失禁内衣、吸收插件、尿布固定器和衬里、妇女卫生内衣等。
本文所用术语“接合”是指吸收制品的元件通过将第一元件直接固定到第二元件上来共同连接,或者通过将第一元件固定到中间件上,然后再把中间件固定到第二元件上来共同连接。
本文所用术语“纵向”通常是指位于吸收制品或套穿衣服的平面内大致与纵向中心线方向一致的(例如,包括在纵向±45°内的方向接近平行的)的线、轴或方向。
本文所用术语“侧向”或“横向”是指位于吸收制品或套穿衣服的平面内大致与纵向中心线垂直的线、轴或方向。
本文所用术语“弹性”和“可弹性延展的”是指一种尿布的材料和/或元件的性质,利用这种性质能够使该材料和/或元件在对其施加张力时伸长到实际程度,并且在释放张力后基本上返回到其初始长度或接近其初始长度。
本文所用术语“弹性带”是指一种吸收制品环绕穿着者的腰部并且显示一定弹性度的部分。弹性带一般可与前后腰区接触。弹性带可包括有助于围绕尿布的腰部开口增加圆周张力的一个或多个元件;这些元件可以是连续的,也可以是不连续的。通常,在扩展腰部开口应用期间和/或在穿着尿布时显示张力。
本文所用术语“老化”与一种材料尤其是弹性体组合物相关,是指该材料或弹性体在结合到吸收制品之前至少约6个月、12个月、18个月或24个月制造。
本文所用术语“预闭合的”是指其中制品被装配并且准备使用的吸收制品。典型地,“准备使用”是指一个腰部开口和一对腰部开口存在于制品中并且不需要通过使用者干预例如应用扣紧构件或接合扣紧系统来形成。
本发明一般地涉及一种具有弹性带的吸收制品,尤其是套穿尿布。所述弹性带能够伸长,在制品应用过程期间保持某种程度伸长,并且在穿着期间恢复弹性以提供弹性贴合力。按照本发明的意图,尿布的弹性带伸长、保持伸长以及弹性恢复的能力参照以下提供的释放百分比测试方法进行定量。在某些实施方案中,弹性带显示15秒小于约80%至20%的最大力,如所述释放百分比测试所测定。在某些实施方案中,弹性带45秒后显示小于约90%至55%的最大力,如所述释放百分比测试所测定。
在某些实施方案中,弹性带可显示至少0.1秒的30%恢复时间。在某些实施方案中,弹性带可显示至少1秒的30%恢复时间。在某些实施方案中,弹性带可显示至少5秒的30%恢复时间。在某些实施方案中,弹性带可显示至少10秒的30%恢复时间。在具体实施方案中,吸收制品可保持伸长至少足够时间,以便能够将制品应用到穿着者身上。
在某些实施方案中,弹性带可显示小于约508mm/min的恢复速度。在其它实施方案中,弹性带可显示至少约0.15N/cm的最大规一化力,如所述释放百分比测试所测定。
在某些实施方案中,弹性带180秒后可显示至少30%至90%的释放,如所述释放百分比测试所测定。
在具体实施方案中,取得腰部开口伸长的力可能不大于某些规定值。同样,在某些实施方案中,制品理想地在正常使用时显示围绕穿着者腰部的力。因此,制品在恢复时和穿着者期间可显示至少具有所规定的弹性力。
本发明吸收制品的一个示例性实施方案为内裤型一体式一次性吸收制品,套穿尿布20,如图1a-b所示。图1a的尿布20在图2中以平展、未收缩状态显示,其中尿布20面对穿着者的部分(即面向身体表面)朝向观察者。在不同实施方案和/或不同附图中基本相同的尿布20的元件用相同的数字表示。
尿布20可包括吸收组件22、腰部组件34a,34b和侧片30,31。尿布20具有前腰区36、与前腰区36相对的后腰区38以及位于前腰区36和后腰区38之间的裆区37。尿布20的周边由尿布20的外边缘限定,其中侧边50通常平行于纵向中心线100,而前腰边缘52和后腰边缘54通常平行于尿布20的横向中心线110并且在侧边50之间延伸。
尿布20的吸收组件22可包括液体可透过的顶片24、液体不可透过的底片26以及可位于顶片24和底片26的至少一部分之间的吸收芯28。吸收组件22可构成添加了其它组件以形成复合尿布结构的尿布主要结构。尿布20的吸收组件22和一般所有的元件可具有在穿着制品时通常接触身体或紧密接近身体的面向身体表面23。吸收组件22可具有与面向身体表面23相对并且通常接触或可紧密接近任何被穿着衣服的面向衣服表面25。顶片24、底片26和吸收芯28可以本领域熟知的多种构型装配。示例性吸收组件结构描述于1999年5月4日公布的美国专利5,899,895和2000年9月19日公布的美国专利6,120,487中。
底片26通常为尿布20邻近吸收芯28的面向衣服表面设置的那个部分,此部分可阻止其中所容纳的排泄物和/或渗出物弄脏接触尿布20的衣服或其它制品,例如床单和衣服。在优选的实施方案中,底片26可基本上不透过液体,并可包括本领域已知的任何适用塑料薄膜,包括透气薄膜。示例性底片薄膜包括由Tredegar Industries Inc.,Terre Haute,Indiana,USA制造并以商品名称X15306、X10962和X10964出售的那些薄膜。
可采用本领域已知的任何连接方法将底片26接合到顶片24、吸收芯28或尿布20或吸收组件22的任何其它元件上。例如,连接方法可包括均匀连续的粘合剂层、成图案的粘合剂层、或分离的粘合剂线、螺旋线或点的阵列。示例性粘合剂包括由H.B.Fuller Company,St.Paul,Minnesota,USA制造并以商品名HL-1620和HL-1358-XZP出售的那些粘合剂。可供选择地,连接方法可包括热粘合、压力粘合、超声波粘合、动态机械粘合或任何其它合适的连接方法或本领域已知的连接方法的组合。
顶片24优选与吸收芯28的面向身体表面相邻设置,并且可通过本领域已知的任何连接方法连接到吸收芯28和/或底片26上。顶片24优选为柔顺的、感觉柔软的并且不会刺激穿着者的皮肤。优选地,顶片24的至少一部分为液体可透过的,从而允许液体容易地穿过其厚度。合适的顶片可由本领域已知的多种材料制成,例如多孔泡沫、蜂窝状泡沫、有孔塑料薄膜、或者天然纤维(例如,木纤维或棉纤维)、合成纤维(例如,聚酯纤维或聚丙稀纤维)或天然纤维与合成纤维组合的机织材料或非织造材料。如果顶片24包括纤维,则纤维可以由纺粘、梳理成网、湿法成网、熔喷、水刺或其它本领域已知的方法加工。一种适合的顶片材料为以供应商代码#P-8购自Fiberweb North America,Inc.,Simpsonville,South Carolina,U.S.A的热粘合梳理纤维网。
吸收芯28可包括任何一种通常可压缩、适形、对穿着者皮肤没有刺激并且能够吸收和保留液体(如尿液和其它身体渗出物)的吸收材料。吸收芯28可以多种尺寸和形状制造(例如,矩形、沙漏形、“T”形、不对称形等)。吸收芯28可包括一次性尿布和其它吸收制品中常用的任何液体吸收材料,例如,粉碎的木浆(一般被称为透气毡)、纤维素填料、熔喷聚合物、化学硬化、改性或交联的纤维素纤维、薄纸、吸收泡沫(包括由高内相乳液聚合制备地那些材料)、超吸收聚合物、吸收胶凝材料或任何其它已知的吸收材料或这些材料的组合。示例性吸收芯结构描述于1986年9月9日公布的美国专利4,610,678和1993年11月9日公布的美国专利5,260,345中。
尿布20可包括至少一个腿箍。图1-2显示两对腿箍的尿布20:衬圈箍32和阻碍箍42。在本领域腿箍也被称为衬圈箍、容纳翼片、“直立”弹性侧翼、阻碍箍、腿围、侧翼和/或弹性箍。腿箍可以本领域已知的任何适合构型构成,包括1987年9月22日公布的美国专利4,695,278和1989年1月3日公布的美国专利4,795,454中所述的那些。
阻碍箍42可由翼片44和弹性构件45构成。翼片44可为形成尿布20的任何现有材料或元件的连续伸出部。例如,翼片44可为处理成疏水性的顶片24的一部分,或者翼片44可为单独连接到尿布20的离散元件。弹性构件45可为对阻碍箍42提供弹性的弹性材料。理想的是,弹性构件45显示足够弹性,以使阻碍箍能够在正常穿着期间保持与穿着者接触,从而提高阻碍箍42的阻碍特性。美国专利4,808,178和4,909,803描述了具有阻碍箍的一次性尿布,其阻碍箍能够改善腿部区域的容纳性。
衬圈箍32可基本上为非弹性,或者可弹性延展以在穿着者的腿部动态贴合。衬圈箍32可通过一个或多个弹性构件33可操作地连接到顶片24、底片26、翼片44或形成尿布20所用的任何其它基底来形成。在一个适合的实施方案中,衬圈箍32具有在底片26和翼片44之间接合的多个弹性构件33。美国专利3,860,003描述了一次性尿布,所述尿布提供了可收缩的腿部开口,所述腿部开口具有侧翼和一个或多个弹性构件来提供弹性化腿箍。
在如图1b所示的一些实施方案中,尿布20可包括扣紧系统40。扣紧系统40优选地将前腰区36和后腰区38保持为环状构型,以便在穿着尿布20时由弹性带施加的横向力提供周边张力。周边张力的向量可基本上平行于形成腰部开口21的前腰边缘52和后腰边缘54。扣紧系统可设置在任何位置,前提条件是扣紧系统在穿着期间保持周边弹性带。扣紧系统40可至少部分邻近前腰区36和/或后腰区38的至少一部分侧边50设置。通常,扣紧系统40可包括任何已知的扣紧部件。例如,扣紧系统40可包括表面扣件,例如带突出部、钩环扣紧组件和/或雌雄同体扣紧组件。此外,扣紧系统40可包括按扣、吊钩、扣环和/或其它扣紧组件。在一些实施方案中,扣紧系统40包括可重复扣紧的扣紧部件。这些扣紧部件允许尿布20打开和重复扣紧,以易于贴到穿着者的身上和自穿着者的身上去除并且在穿着尿布20时发挥调节作用。在某些实施方案中,扣紧系统40可包括接合构件和接纳构件。接合构件和接纳构件的适当组合分别包括吊钩-套环、粘合剂-基底、选择性粘合剂-基底、内聚粘合-内聚粘合、它们的变型、以及它们的组合。适用的扣紧系统40描述于1993年9月7日公布的美国专利5,242,436中。
在一些实施方案中,尿布20可以例如图1a-b所示的预闭合形式提供。预闭合的尿布20可在由接缝42接合的前腰区36和后腰区38中具有其相对的侧边50。接缝42可利用本领域已知的适于所用具体材料的任何适用粘结方法来形成。例如,适合的粘结方法可包括超声波密封、热密封、压力粘合、粘合剂粘合、缝合、自生粘合等。接缝42可为永久性接缝,即,可使它们结合,使得分离所接合的相对侧边50需要对所结合的材料进行阻止侧边50重新扣紧的破裂或其它破坏性操作。
尿布20可供选择地具有通过任何适合扣紧部件扣紧在一起的相对侧边50。适合扣紧部件包括如图1b所示以上对扣紧系统40所述的那些扣紧部件。在一些实施方案中,预闭合尿布20的扣紧系统40可重复扣紧,以使尿布20能够打开和重复扣紧。可重复扣紧的扣件便于更容易地应用、移除和调节。在如图1b所示具有扣紧系统40的预闭合尿布20的一个实施方案中,扣紧系统40可至少部分地与前腰区36和/或后腰区38的侧边50的至少一部分相邻设置。
本发明的尿布20可包括弹性带70,以便在尿布20处于封闭构型时前腰区36和后腰区38接合产生连续的腰部边缘。所述腰部边缘包括一起限定一个腰部开口62和两个腿部开口64的前腰边缘52和后腰边缘54。弹性带70可由一个或多个弹性元件构成,以便当尿布20延伸或拉伸应用或尿布20被穿着时,在封闭构型中由所述弹性元件施加的横向力提供周边的张力。弹性带70可由多种元件或这些元件的组合来形成。
可用于形成弹性带70的一种适合元件为腰部组件34a,34b。腰部组件34a,34b可在纵向上在吸收芯28的至少一个腰部边缘56的外侧设置。腰部组件34a,34b可沿着尿布20的前腰边缘52和/或后腰边缘54设置;腰部组件34a,34b一般将形成前腰边缘52和/或后腰边缘54的一部分。腰部组件34a,34b可包括一个或多个固定到尿布20的分离元件,和/或可包括尿布20的另一个元件或基底(例如底片26和/或顶片24)的连续伸出部。例如,如图1a-b中图示说明,尿布20可具有彼此为不连续关系的前腰组件34a和后腰组件34b。可供选择地,前腰组件34a和后腰组件34b可彼此叠置或接近定位以有效预成形为单一腰部组件。可供选择地,腰部组件34a,34b可跨越前腰区36和后腰区38两个腰区的一部分。可理想地使腰部组件完全跨越前腰区36和后腰区38以对弹性带提供360°弹性。
腰部组件34a,34b可至少横向弹性延展,以便在尿布腰部开口62提供周边张力。可用本领域已知的数种不同构型的任何构型构造腰部组件34a,34b。在一个实施方案中,腰部组件34a,34b可为一种拉伸层压材料,拉伸层压材料包括一个或多个其上或其间接合弹性构件的基底。一种示例性腰部组件34a,34b可为一种包括两层非织造材料的拉伸层压材料,两层非织造材料在其间具有多条拉伸粘合的弹性股线。可使这种腰部组件34a,34b离散地形成,然后接合到尿布20,或者可使腰部组件一体式形成于尿布内。作为一体式形成的一个实施例,腰部组件34a,34b可包括在尿布的两个现有层或基底之间(例如,在顶片和底片之间)拉伸粘合的多条弹性股线。其它示例性腰部组件结构包括1985年5月7日公布的美国专利4,515,595和1993年6月22日公布的美国专利5,221,274中描述的那些结构。
可用于形成弹性带70的一种适合元件为一个或多个侧片30,31。尿布20也可包括分别设置在前腰区36和后腰区38中的侧片30,31。可用本领域已知的任何适合构型构造侧片30,31。侧片30,31可弹性延展。适用的弹性侧片描述于1997年9月23日公布的美国专利5,669,897中。
侧片30,31可与吸收组件22为一体(即,它们可为吸收组件22的一层或多层的连续伸出部),或者,它们可单独地连接到主吸收组件22上。可供选择地,侧片30,31可由多个组件或层构成,其中一些为离散的(即,单独地连接到主吸收部分或由间隙与其分离),一些为连续的。此类型结构一个实例为具有外部非织造覆盖件的尿布,其覆盖件完全覆盖包括侧片30,31和吸收组件22在内的尿布20的所有区域。
在所述套穿尿布处于封闭构型时,侧片30,31与吸收组件22可一起形成具有一个腰部开口和一对腿部开口的套穿尿布20。如图1-2所示,尿布20具有大致在横向上位于吸收组件纵向边缘的外侧并且处于或接近前腰区36设置的一对前侧片30。类似地,尿布20具有大致在横向上位于吸收组件纵向边缘的外侧并且处于或接近后腰区38设置的一对后侧片31。当侧片30,31如此通过图1a中的接缝42或通过图1b中的扣紧系统40接合时,相应的腰区36,38与侧片30,31可一起形成连续的腰部开口。类似地,主吸收组件22和侧片30也形成了腿部开口。
前侧片30和后侧片31可通过粘结方法接合成接缝42。前侧片30和后侧片31可利用本领域已知的适于所用具体材料的任何适用粘结方法粘结。例如,适合的粘结方法可包括超声波密封、热密封、压力粘合、粘合剂粘合、缝合、自生粘合等。接缝42可为永久性接缝,即,分离所接合的侧片30,31需要对侧片30,31进行有效阻止侧片30,31重新扣紧的破裂或其它破坏性操作。
如图1a-b所示,前侧片30和后侧片31可在一个位置接合,使得每个侧片30,31具有近似相同的横向宽度。然而,侧片30,31也可在不同位置接合。此外,尽管图1a-b显示前侧片30和后侧片31接合成腰部开口62和一对腿部开口64,但单一的前侧片或后侧片就可使前腰区接合到后腰区,从而形成此腰部开口和此对腿部开口。
在某些实施方案中,理想的是侧片30,31为可延展性和/或弹性。可利用本领域已知的多种技术中的任何技术使侧片30,31为可延展性或弹性。例如,弹性侧片30,31可通过将一种弹性构件(例如,弹性股线或薄膜)设置在覆盖材料(例如非织造材料)的面层之间制成。在此结构中,典型地弹性股线在其处于拉伸构型时连接到面层上。在连接后使股线松驰,从而使面层收聚,并产生弹性层压材料。在一种可供选择的方法中,可使弹性股线或薄膜以松驰构型或部分拉伸构型连接到一个或多个面层上。所得层压材料可通过使层压材料经过伸长过程变得可以拉伸(或者在部分拉伸的股线或薄膜的情况下变得更加可以拉伸),所述伸长过程使面层永久伸长,而只使弹性股线或层临时伸长。这些过程在本领域被称为“零应变”拉伸层压材料成形,并且此类层压材料的伸长可利用适合构件来完成,例如罗拉、接合齿等。所得可拉伸层压材料的零应变活化过程和成形的实施例描述于授予Weber等人的美国专利5,167,897和授予Buell等人的美国专利5,156,793中。
在某些实施方案中,弹性带可由多个元件的组合构成。例如,在图1-2中,尿布20显示侧片和腰部组件。
图3和4图示说明套穿尿布320的另一个实施方案。图3为尿布320的透视图,所述尿布具有吸收组件322和一体式腰带380形式的弹性带370。打开的、未缝合式的尿布320示于图4中。除非另外明确说明,尿布320的元件在组成和形成上基本上与以上提供并示于图1-2的实施方案中的类似元件相同。
尿布320具有前腰区336、与前腰区336相对的后腰区338以及位于前腰区336和后腰区338之间的裆区337。尿布320的周边可由尿布320的外边缘限定,其中侧边350通常平行于纵向中心线100,而前腰边缘352和后腰边缘354通常平行于尿布320的横向中心线110并且在侧边350之间延伸。
尿布320的吸收组件322可包括液体可透过的顶片324、液体不可透过的底片326和可位于顶片324和底片326的至少一部分之间的吸收芯328。吸收组件322可具有内部面向身体表面323,此表面通常在穿着制品时接触身体或紧密接近身体。吸收组件322也可具有外部面向衣服表面325。此表面与内表面323相对并且通常接触或者可紧密接近任何被穿着的衣服。顶片324、底片326和吸收芯328可以本领域熟知的多种构型装配。示例性吸收组件结构描述于1999年5月4日公布的美国专利5,899,895和2000年9月19日公布的美国专利6,120,487中。
尿布320可包括至少一个腿箍。图3至4显示尿布320具有两对腿箍:衬圈箍332和阻碍箍342。腿箍332在本领域也被称为衬圈箍、容纳翼片、“直立”弹性侧翼、阻碍箍、腿箍、腿围、侧翼、阻碍箍和/或弹性箍。腿箍可以本领域已知的任何适合构型构造,包括1987年9月22日公布的美国专利4,695,278和1989年1月3日公布的美国专利4,795,454中所述的那些构型。在图3至4中,阻碍箍342显示由翼片344和弹性构件345形成,而衬圈箍332显示弹性构件333。
图3至4显示吸收组件可操作地接合到腰带380上。吸收组件或包括吸收组件的任何单一元件或元件的子集可与腰带380叠置。吸收组件322由本领域已知的任何方法接合到腰带380上,这些方法包括但不限于超声波密封、热密封、压力粘合、粘合剂粘合、缝合、自生粘合等。
腰带380可环绕尿布320的腰部开口362。腰带380可分配并提供弹性阻力,以对抗在穿着期间动态产生的力。在如图3至4所示的适合实施方案中,腰带380可包括前腰带380a和后腰带380b。前后腰带可通过本领域已知的任何方法在接缝342处接合,以形成一个腰部开口362和两个腿部开口364。在此实施方案中,前腰带380a和后腰带380b具有分别对应于尿布320的前腰边缘352和后腰边缘354的边缘。前腰边缘352和后腰边缘354一起限定腰部开口362。吸收组件322可在前腰带380a、后腰带380b或两个腰带的整个纵向长度上延伸。在某些实施方案中,吸收芯328不伸入腰带380或与其叠置是可取的。
腰带380可具有外层392和内层394。弹性构件396可置于外层392和内层394之间以对腰带380提供弹性。前腰带380a和后腰带380b可包括相同的材料和/或可具有相同的结构。可供选择地,前腰带380a和后腰带380b可包括不同的材料和/或可具有不同的结构。如图3至4的实施方案所示,前腰带380a和后腰带380b一般具有相同的结构。尽管外层392和内层394被显示为与前后腰带380a,380b共延,但外层392和内层394可具有不同尺寸或定向(例如,内层可小于前后腰带380a,380b的尺寸)。在适合的实施方案中,外层392或内层394可延展超出其它层。可将较大层折上来并且任选地结合形成适于腰带380的边缘。
腰带380可具有任何形状以提供环状束带。在图3至4所示的实施方案中,腰部边缘352,354平直地横向延展,并且基本平行于下腰部边缘358。可供选择地,腰部边缘352,354和下腰部边缘358可为某种形状、曲线形和/或基本不平行。
腰带380可包括多种适合材料。适于腰带380的适合材料可包括多种基底,例如塑料薄膜、有孔塑料薄膜、天然材料(例如木纤维或棉纤维)、合成材料(例如聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚乙烯或聚丙稀纤维)或天然纤维和/或合成纤维组合的织造或非织造纤维网,或经涂布的织造或非织造纤维网。腰带380可包括可拉伸的非织造材料。在一个合适的实施方案中,腰带380具有:包括疏水的、不可拉伸的非织造材料的内层394;包括疏水的、不可拉伸非织造材料的外层392;以及介于两者之间的弹性构件396。弹性层压材料的结构为本领域所熟知。其结构可包括处于拉伸构型时连接到面层的弹性构件。在连接后使弹性构件松驰,从而使面层收聚并产生弹性层压材料。可供选择地,可使弹性股线或薄膜以松驰构型或部分拉伸构型连接到一个或多个面层上。所得层压材料可通过使层压材料经过伸长过程变得可以拉伸(或者如在部分拉伸的股线或薄膜的情况下变得更加可以拉伸)。所述伸长过程使面层永久伸长,但只使弹性股线或层临时伸长。这些过程在本领域被称为“零应变”拉伸层压材料成形且在前面已经描述。在其它实施方案中,如果在形成内层394和/或外层392的材料中存在足够弹性(例如,层可以为弹性稀松布),腰带380可包括没有弹性构件396的内层394和/或外层392。
弹性构件396可包括一个或多个弹性元件,例如至少以横向延伸的股线或片。弹性构件396可沿着腰带的横向宽度连续或不连续地设置。弹性构件396可沿着腰带380的纵向长度均匀或不成比例地设置。如图3至4所示,弹性构件396为连续跨越腰带380的宽度并且基本均匀地沿着纵向长度间隔开的股线形式。可理想地在与吸收组件322叠置的腰带380的部分中不提供弹性构件396。在此情况下,弹性构件396可横向跨越不与吸收组件322叠置的腰带380的那些部分。
从以上适用的吸收制品说明可以了解,可利用弹性带70,370提供本发明所需的特性,例如恢复百分比、敞开时间、伸长力和贴合力。这些所需特性可通过改变弹性带70,370的物理结构和组成结构获得。在某些适当的实施方案中,弹性带70,370可包括显示缓缓慢恢复特性的弹性构件。在具体实施方案中,侧片、腰部组件和/或腰带可包括显示缓慢恢复特性的弹性构件。如果一种弹性体材料在22℃恢复15秒后显示至少约20%的伸长后应变,则该弹性体显示缓慢恢复特性,如以下提供的伸长后恢复测试方法所测量。
可用一些弹性体聚合物制备一种显示缓慢恢复特性的弹性材料。弹性体聚合物包括,但不限于均聚物(例如,交联的聚(异戊二烯))、嵌段共聚物、无规共聚物、间规共聚物及接枝共聚物。适合的弹性体聚合物包括苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、天然及合成橡胶、聚异戊二烯、氯丁二烯橡胶、聚氨酯、硅氧烷橡胶、烃弹性体、离聚物等。
在一个实施方案中,弹性体聚合物可为嵌段共聚物。可用一些嵌段共聚物制备显示缓慢恢复特性的弹性材料,包括多嵌段、锥形嵌段及星形嵌段共聚物。通常,适用于慢恢复弹性体的嵌段共聚物可显示同时具有弹性体性质和热塑性质。在这些嵌段共聚物中,硬嵌段(或片段)可具有大于约25℃的玻璃化转变温度(Tg),或者为具有高于约25℃熔融温度(Tm)的结晶性或半结晶性。优选地,硬嵌段具有大于约35℃的玻璃化转变温度(Tg),或者为具有高于约35℃熔融温度(Tm)的结晶性或半结晶性。硬嵌段部分典型衍生自乙烯基单体,包括乙烯基芳烃,例如苯乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯或其组合。
玻璃化转变温度在本文中与本发明的弹性体聚合物和慢恢复弹性体相关,其利用温度斜升方法在1Hz频率通过在材料的线性弹性区域进行的张力动态机械分析法进行测定。具有约0.3mm或更薄均匀厚度的薄膜样品适合利用约1℃/min或更慢的温度斜升速率。将tanδ峰值温度认作为特定材料或相的玻璃化转变温度Tg。本文中提到的结晶熔融温度利用10℃/min的温度斜升速率通过差示扫描量热法测定。将熔融吸热峰温度认作为特定结晶区域的熔融温度Tm。
软嵌段部分可为衍生自共轭脂族双烯单体的聚合物。典型地,软嵌段单体包含小于约6个的碳原子。适合双烯单体包括丁二烯、异戊二烯及类似单体。适合软嵌段聚合物包括聚(丁二烯)和聚(异戊二烯)。适用于本发明的适合嵌段共聚物可包括至少一个硬嵌段(A)和至少一个软嵌段(B)。嵌段共聚物可具有多个嵌段。在一个优选的实施方案中,嵌段共聚物可为A-B-A三嵌段共聚物、A-B-A-B四嵌段共聚物或A-B-A-B-A五嵌段共聚物。也可使用具有端嵌段A和A′的三嵌段共聚物,其中A和A′可衍生自不同的乙烯基化合物。在本发明中也可使用具有一个以上的硬嵌段和/或一个以上的软嵌段的嵌段共聚物,其中每个硬嵌段可衍生自相同或不同单体,并且每个软嵌段也可衍生自相同或不同单体。
应注意到,在共聚物包含残余烯属双键时,可根据需要使共聚物部分或完全地氢化。饱和通常可对共聚物的弹性体性质产生有效效果。
弹性体聚合物可以有效量用于慢恢复弹性体,以便取得所需的规一化未负载力和伸长后应变。慢恢复弹性体通常可包括约20%至约70%,优选地约30%至约65%,最优选地约45%至约60%的弹性体聚合物。
弹性体聚合物可包括苯乙烯-烯烃-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物,例如苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(S-B-S)、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯(S-EB-S)、苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯(S-EP-S)、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(S-I-S)、氢化的聚苯乙烯-异戊二烯/丁二烯-苯乙烯(S-IB-S)以及它们的混合物。嵌段共聚物可单独使用或作为嵌段共聚物的共混物使用。适用的S-B-S和S-I-S共聚物可以商品名称购自Dexco Polymers L.P.,Houston,TX和以商品名称Kraton购自Kraton Polymers,Houston,TX。
可在这种缓慢恢复的弹性体中使用各种改性树脂。适合的改性树脂应优选地与弹性体聚合物的软嵌段缔合或混合。不受这一理论的限制,据信改性树脂使软相的玻璃化转变温度Tg升高到在应用温度分子松驰减缓时的点。慢恢复弹性体可包括按重量计约0%至约60%的改性树脂。优选地,组合物包含约20%至约55%并且甚至更优选约40%至约50%的改性树脂。用于本发明的适合改性树脂可包括但不限于:未氢化的C5烃树脂或C9烃树脂、部分和完全氢化的C5烃树脂或C9烃树脂;脂环烃树脂;萜烯树脂;聚苯乙烯和苯乙烯低聚物;聚(叔丁基苯乙烯)或其低聚物;松香和松香衍生物;苯并呋喃茚;聚环戊二烯及其低聚物;聚甲基苯乙烯或其低聚物;酚醛树脂;茚聚合物、低聚物及共聚物;丙烯酸酯及甲基丙烯酸酯低聚物、聚合物或共聚物;它们的衍生物;以及它们的组合。优选地,树脂选自由下列化合物衍生的低聚物、聚合物和/或共聚物组成的组:叔丁基苯乙烯、环戊二烯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、茚、苯并呋喃、乙烯基环己烷、甲基苯乙烯以及甲基丙烯酸3,3,5-甲基环己酯。优选的改性树脂还包括脂环族萜烯、烃树脂、脂环族树脂、聚-β-蒎烯、萜烯酚(醛)树脂以及它们的组合。“C5烃树脂”和“C9烃树脂”公开于美国专利6,310,154中。
在其它适合实施方案中,弹性带可包括热收缩材料、水收缩材料、记忆粘弹性泡沫、塑性-弹性材料、或它们的组合材料的弹性构件。
测试方法
释放百分比和最大力百分比
本程序用于测量套穿衣服在自伸长释放后的恢复点施加的力。可用力数据计算最大力百分比,该百分比为在某个特定时间点显示的最大力的百分比量度。可用力数据计算释放百分比,该百分比为与某个较迟时间点比较自某时间点的力变化量度。时间值计测开始于标距(但不必为样品)自80%应变恢复达到30%应变时的时间点。零时间点对应于以下所提供张力检验器程序的步骤6。
释放百分比测试利用具有计算机界面以恒定拉伸速率在弹力检验器上进行。示例性检验器为连接Testworks4软件的MTS Synergy张力检验器。测试在环境室内条件进行,温度为23℃±1℃,相对湿度为50%±2%。对于此测试,张力检验器配有100N测力传感器和如图5a所示的定制吊钩夹具510。
吊钩夹具510包括各具有连接构件514的一对J-形吊钩512。每个J-形吊钩512具有直径D为约1cm的基本圆形横截面形状。吊钩可具有约20cm的长度L。吊钩可具有约6cm的宽度W。吊钩512显示平滑曲率以形成两个彼此基本平行的臂。吊钩512用不妨碍吸收制品量度的材料(例如涂有特氟隆的钢)制成。每个吊钩512具有可用于将吊钩连接到张力检验器的连接构件514。可改变连接构件514的适合尺寸以满足所用弹力检验器的需要。接合臂516和吊钩512接合样品的部分可枢转地连接到吊钩512的其余部分,以便使接合臂516可以围绕其轴线旋转,此轴线为其横截面的中心。J-形吊钩512之间的距离为标距G。
沿着样品的腰部边缘测量样品以确定制品腰部开口的周长,精确到毫米。将张力检验器的初始标距G调节到此周长的一半。
如图5b所绘,将样品518装到吊钩512上。布置样品518,以便使样品的腰部边缘垂直于J-形吊钩512的接合臂516定位。可将J-形吊钩512插入腰部开口。样品的侧面(例如,侧片,如果存在)应邻近J-形吊钩512。将样品滑到J-形吊钩上,直到吊钩离开样品的相对侧。对于套穿尿布,一个吊钩应进入腰部开口并离开第一腿部开口,而另一个吊钩应进入腰部开口并离开第二腿部开口。样品宽度S为样品接触J-形吊钩的部分的宽度,测量精确到毫米。
张力检验器可如下编程:
1.将时间通道设定到零。将负荷通道设定到零。
2.使标距以508mm/min的夹头速度延伸到80%应变(即,使初始标距伸长到等于初始标距1.8倍的长度)。
3.将样品在80%应变保持10秒。
4.(任选)如果样品需要活化,在步骤3结束应用活化样品的触发事件。例如,如果样品包含热收缩薄膜,则可在步骤3的10秒保持结束时充分加热。
5.使标距以508mm/min的夹头速度减小到30%应变(即,减小到等于初始标距1.3倍的长度)。
6.在回到30%应变时,再次使时间通道归零,并可记录力值(见以下表1)。使标距在30%应变保持3分钟。
7.记录力值,并绘制随时间变化的曲线图。
释放百分比为力在规定时间单位的变化百分比量度。释放百分比可根据以下公式计算,其中n为大于1秒的时间:
在计算释放百分比时,时间自标距达到如以上步骤6中的30%应变的点计测。例如,力1秒为在标距返回到30%应变时时间通道归零后1秒记录的力。
最大力百分比为在某个特定时间点显示的最大力的百分比的量度。按照此量度的意义,“最大力”为根据以上所示的测试程序在步骤6时间通道复位为零后180秒测量的力。最大力百分比可根据以下公式计算,其中n为时间:
30%恢复时间
30%恢复时间为套穿尿布在自80%应变伸长释放后返回到30%应变所花时间的量度。为了计算,一旦由样品施加可测量力并通过张力检验器记录(以上所提供程序的步骤7),即认为样品已返回到30%。30%恢复时间为力由样品施加到吊钩上所处的时间。可将30%恢复时间认为是“速回”定性现象的定量量度。将样品显示30%短恢复时间认为是快恢复,因为在80%应变自伸长力释放后,样品瞬时恢复到30%应变(即,一般认为小于1秒的时间)。相反,将样品显示30%较长恢复时间认为是慢恢复,因为样品经过时间恢复到30%应变(即,一般认为大于约1秒的时间)。此外,由于一旦标距返回到30%应变,零时间即开始。因此,可将在零时间显示力的样品认为是已与张力检验器标速至少一样快地恢复。由于在自80%应变返回到30%应变时的标速为508mm/min,将在零时间显示力的样品认为是显示508mm/min或更快的恢复速度。
弹性体的伸长后恢复测试程序
本程序用于作为温度和时间的函数测定弹性体的伸长后应变。本程序包括拉伸程序和恢复程序。测量可在22℃(72℉)或32℃(90℉)进行。此程序利用一种动态机械分析仪(DMA),例如TA Instruments DMA2980(以后称为“DMA2980”),此仪器购自TA Instruments,Inc.,New Castle,Delaware,并装配薄膜夹具,采集数据利用Thermal Advantage/Thermal Solutions软件,分析数据利用Universal Analysis2000软件。其它类型的DMA装置很多,并且动态机械分析的使用为聚合物和共聚物特性测试领域的技术人员所熟知。
使用DMA2980的操作程序和校准及指南存在于2002年3月发布的TA Instruments DMA2980操作人员手册(TA Instruments DMA2980Operator’s Manual)、2000年7月发布的热效用户参考指南(Thermal AdvantageUser’s Reference Guide)以及2003年2月发布的Universal Analysis2000指南(Universal Analysis2000Guide)。对熟悉DMA2980使用的技术人员而言,以下操作运行条件应足以重复样品的拉伸和恢复。
用薄膜夹具将DMA2980设定到控制力模式(Controlled Force Mode)。将薄膜夹具安装到DMA2980上,并根据用户参考指南校准。将待测材料切成基本均匀尺寸的样品。可选择适合的样品尺寸以取得所需应变。对于DMA2980,适合样品尺寸为约6.4mm宽,约0.15mm厚。将DMA2980的浮动薄膜夹具调节到在夹紧表面之间提供约6mm的位置,并在此位置锁定。将样品固定在薄膜夹具中,并且使下面的夹具浮动,以允许测定在薄膜夹具之间存在的实际标距。
拉伸程序-以上样品尺寸的具体DMA2980参数设置如下设定:对夹具中样品施加的预负载力(0.01N);在测试开始时自动零位移(开)(on);加热炉(关闭)(close),夹位置(锁定)(lock),在拉伸程序结束时温度保持在Ti(22℃或32℃)。将数据采集速率设定在0.5Hz(1个点/2秒)。将拉伸程序加载到DMA2980上。程序段为(1)初始温度Ti(22℃或32℃),(2)在Ti平衡,(3)数据存储开(ON),及(4)斜升力5.0N/min至18.0N。
在测试初始时,使温度斜升到规定的Ti(22℃或32℃)[程序段1],并使温度保持在此Ti[程序段2]。在Ti最短15分钟后,操作人员启动样品拉伸,同时采集数据[程序段3和4]。用所施加的5N/min斜升力将样品拉伸到约30mm长度。将样品锁定在约30mm拉伸长度的位置,并保持在Ti。自仪器上的读数器人工记录达到400%应变所需的力。
对于不同尺寸的样品,调节所施加的力以达到每平方毫米初始样品横截面面积5N/min的施加斜升力,并调节最大位移以达到400%应变。应变百分比通过自拉伸的长度减去标距,然后用结果除以标距,再乘以100进行计算。自6mm初始长度伸长到30mm长度的样品产生400%应变。
恢复程序-将恢复程序加载到仪器上,并在拉伸程序中达到所需应变(400%)后15秒启动。恢复程序的四个程序段为(1)数据存储开(ON),(2)力0.01N,(3)斜升至Ti,和(4)恒温3.0分钟。自拉伸程序改变以下DMA2980参数设置:自动零位移改变到关(OFF)。恢复程序在规定温度(TI=22℃或32℃)经3分钟时间测量样品的长度。可作为恢复时间的函数记录样品长度、应变百分比及测试温度。
实施例
实施例1和2:这些实施例为可用于图3至4所描绘尿布的示例性腰带。可如下构造腰带:
1)混制弹性体薄膜,其包括约45%购自Dexco Polymers L.P.,Houston,TX的Vector4211、45%聚(叔丁基苯乙烯)和10%矿物油。聚(叔丁基苯乙烯)理想具有约12kDa的重均分子量。使弹性体薄膜经过老化。将实施例1和2中所用的薄膜老化至少24个月。
2)将弹性体薄膜重新调整成具有120mm长度、5mm宽度和约0.14mm至约0.17mm厚度的基本长方形带。将带伸长到600mm(即,400%应变),并接合到第一基底上。第一基底可为620-660mm长,并且可为70-120mm宽,优选地70mm。第一基底可为购得的非织造材料,例如,以供应商代码H0201010购自Fibertex A/S,Aalborg,Denmark的非织造材料。利用诸如购自Bostik Findley,Middleton,MA的H2031粘合剂,可将约14条5mm宽弹性体薄膜带粘合到第一基底上。在第一基底上涂布约30g/m2的粘合剂足够。使带均匀地跨第一基底的宽度分配。在其伸长状态,这些带基本延伸第一基底的长度,并且基本上平行于基底的最长边缘。
3)利用第二次涂布粘合剂,使第二基底粘合到第一基底上,以便将这些带设置在其间。第二基底理想地与第一基底相同(即,相同的尺寸和组成)。第二次涂布粘合剂(即,H2031)可涂布到第一基底/带层压材料上。所得拉伸层压材料用手持式罗拉紧压。
4)可根据步骤1-3形成两片拉伸层压材料。可以面对面关系放置两片拉伸层压材料,以便使两片层压材料完全重叠。沿着其最短远侧边缘使两片层压材料彼此粘合。沿着层压材料的最长边缘测量,粘合区域无论何处均可延伸约5mm至约15mm宽度。可利用涂布30g/m2粘合剂(如H2031)使两片层压材料粘合在一起。
5)两片粘合的拉伸层压材料产生具有约300-380mm周长的腰带。实施例1具有约306mm的周长。实施例2具有约360mm的周长。
可将吸收组件连接到腰带上,以便得到基本类似于图3至4所描绘的吸收制品。吸收组件结构在本领域为人们所熟知。理想地将吸收组件粘结到腰带上,以便最大程度地减少吸收组件和腰带之间的重叠量。实施例1和2可根据以上提供的步骤构造。实施例1与实施例2具有不同的周长。实施例1具有约306mm的周长,而实施例2具有约360mm的周长。
测试结果
以下表1和2提供了实施例1至8的释放百分比测试结果。表1列出了各实施例在离散时间点的力值原始数据。表2显示规一化并且取舍精确到1/100小数位的表1的力。规一化可通过取各实例在不同时间点的力值原始数据(如表1中提供)除以样品的宽度来进行。可考虑将力值精确到±0.05N。因此,据信实施例1在1秒时间的负力值为信号-噪声人为误差,并且可假定测量的精确度相当于在1秒时间没有力。同样,实施例2在1秒时间的力值也可相对于没有力。可自表1中的数据看到,本发明(实施例1至2)在力逐渐增加到在180秒时间测量的最大力时显示恢复。比例性实施例(实施例3至8)显示,力值在测量循环开始时高,并且在15至30秒时间后略微增加。
表1
力(N)
表2
表3提供了不同实施例在离散的时间点的最大力百分比。特定时间的最大力百分比可通过取在某时间的力测量值除以在时间=180秒的力并且乘以100来计算。本文所用术语“最大力”是指对样品在180秒测量的力原始数据或规一化力。可用此最大力百分比值显示样品如何快速地接近其最大力值以及相对施加多大的力。
图6为结合表3数据绘制的最大力百分比-时间的标绘图。可自表3和/或图6了解,本发明(实施例1和2)显示力缓慢积累达到最大力。相反,比例性实施例(实施例3至8)显示相对瞬时地(例如,在时间=1秒测量)施加最大力高百分比的力(例如,70%或更高)。此外,到15秒时,比例性实施例显示为其最大力的至少90%,而本发明显示仅为其最大力的约11%至15%。本发明在定性上未显示在比较性实施例中存在的“很快恢复”。在关于儿童自我应用观察套穿尿布时,低初始力(即,在较低时间值具有最大力低百分比)意味着儿童可不废力地伸展套穿尿布的腰部开口。据信,套穿尿布显示较低初始力使儿童能够在护理人员的帮助下或不需要护理人员的帮助更容易地穿上。
表3
最大力百分比(%)
表4显示各实施例的释放百分比值。计算释放百分比的公式在上面显示。可自释放百分比计算了解,释放百分比值接近0表示在时间=n的力与在时间=1秒的力比较未明显增加。同样,释放百分比值接近100表示在时间=n的力比在时间=1秒的力明显增加。
表4
释放百分比(%)
图7为实施例1至8的规一化力-时间的标绘图。可从图中看到,比较实施例(实施例3至8)图示说明力在时间=0秒时施加到吊钩上。因此,实施例3至8分别显示30%恢复时间为0秒。相反,如图7所示,本发明(实施例1至2)显示30%恢复时间在约7.5秒和12.5秒之间。据信,本发明显示的30%恢复时间使得在应用套穿尿布期间腰部开口保持扩大状态。因此,本发明显示的30%恢复时间可允许更容易地应用套穿尿布。
发明详述中所有引用文献的相关部分均引入本文以供参考。任何文献的引用不可理解为是对其作为本发明的现有技术的认可。
尽管已用具体实施方案来说明和描述了本发明,但对于本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不背离本发明的精神和保护范围的情况下可作出许多其它的变化和修改。因此,有意识地在附加的权利要求书中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。
Claims (15)
1.一次性套穿尿布,所述尿布具有面向穿着者表面和面向衣服表面、纵向中心线和横向中心线、前腰区、后腰区、以及设置在所述前后腰区之间的裆区,其中所述前腰区和后腰区接合在一起形成腰部开口和腿部开口;所述套穿尿布的特征在于该套穿尿布包括吸收组件和弹性带;
其中所述吸收组件包括液体可透过的顶片、液体不可透过的底片、以及设置在所述顶片和底片之间的吸收芯;并且
其中,经所述释放百分比测试所测定,所述弹性带15秒后显示小于80%的最大力,
其中所述弹性带包括慢恢复弹性体,该慢恢复弹性体包括弹性体聚合物和改性树脂,该改性树脂按重量计占慢恢复弹性体的20%至55%;其中改性树脂使弹性体聚合物的软相的玻璃化转变温度升高。
2.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,其中,经所述释放百分比测试所测定,所述弹性带15秒后显示小于约50%的最大力。
3.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,其中,经所述释放百分比测试所测定,所述弹性带15秒后显示小于约20%的最大力。
4.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,其中,经所述释放百分比测试所测定,所述弹性带45秒后显示小于90%的最大力。
5.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,其中,经所述释放百分比测试所测定,所述弹性带45秒后显示小于约70%的最大力。
6.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,,经所述释放百分比测试所测定,其中所述弹性带45秒后显示小于约55%的最大力。
7.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,其中所述弹性带还显示至少0.1秒的30%恢复时间。
8.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,其中所述弹性带还显示至少1秒的30%恢复时间。
9.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,其中所述弹性带还显示至少5秒的30%恢复时间。
10.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,其中所述套穿尿布还显示至少10秒的30%恢复时间。
11.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,其中所述弹性带显示小于508mm/min的恢复速度。
12.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,其中,经所述释放百分比测试所测定,所述弹性带还显示至少约0.15N/cm的最大规一化力。
13.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,其中,经所述释放百分比测试所测定,所述弹性带180秒后还显示至少约30%的释放。
14.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,其中,经所述释放百分比测试所测定,所述弹性带180秒后还显示至少约60%的释放。
15.如权利要求1所述的一次性套穿尿布,其中,经所述释放百分比测试所测定,所述弹性带180秒后还显示至少约90%的释放。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1843728B1 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
EP1843728A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
ATE539723T1 (de) | 2012-01-15 |
CA2620260A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
WO2006081068A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
US20060167434A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
JP4611390B2 (ja) | 2011-01-12 |
CN101106962A (zh) | 2008-01-16 |
MX2007008590A (es) | 2007-08-14 |
US8029488B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
JP2008528178A (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
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