CN101080031A - Intelligent antenna calibration system based on base band remote push technology and its method - Google Patents
Intelligent antenna calibration system based on base band remote push technology and its method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention relates to an intelligent antenna calibration system and a method based on a baseband zooming out technology, in which, the system includes: indoor devices of a base station used in realizing maintaining software of a physical layer, high level protocol and operation of the base station and a outdoor zooming out device connected with the indoor device by fiber used in realizing calibration of intelligent antenna and functions of digital IF, analog IF and RF. The method includes: A, carrying out initialized calibration to RF parameter in the zooming out device, B, the MCU in the outdoor device begins periodic real-time calibration and identifies its kind, C, realizing periodic real-time calibration to baseband in the outdoor zooming out device, D, controlling related state of the antenna timely according to the calibration result including the on and off states, E, the information of the antenna state is reported to the indoor device by the zooming out device via the operation maintenance channel in the zooming out protocol.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology field, particularly relate to a kind of intelligent antenna calibration system and method thereof of baseband remote technology.
Background technology
In recent years, in the Modern wireless communication technical field, intelligent antenna technology has become one of the most attractive technology of moving communicating field.That is to say, divide the intelligent antenna technology of technology, become the most attractive technology after frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing and code division multiplexing as sky.In the wireless base station, use a smart antenna array, the launching beam of base station is carried out adaptive figuration according to user's position, can reduce the interference the sub-district in greatly, the raising power system capacity.
For smart antenna can be received and transmit exactly, must guarantee to form between each antenna element, radio-frequency feed cable and the radio-frequency (RF) transceiver of this smart antenna array does not have difference substantially, i.e. every emission and receive link and have identical amplitude and phase response.Therefore to and receive link to every emission and carry out phase place and amplitude compensation, the just calibration process of smart antenna.
The calibration of described smart antenna is a key technology in the modern wireless communication systems smart antenna, because part category used in the radio-frequency channel is a lot, and having certain inconsistency between the selected device of each passage, the inconsistent device string of a plurality of characteristics has caused amplitude and the phase change difference between the passage together.And this variation difference is relatively more responsive to temperature, frequency of utilization and external environment condition, so require the calibration of antenna system to carry out in real time.
(application number is: 02158623.3) in a kind of application for a patent for invention of method of the smart antenna array 1 system being carried out real time calibration, disclose and a kind of smart antenna array carried out the method for real time calibration, the method need one special in to realize the calibration link of calibration function.And use the method for calibrating sequence that smart antenna is carried out real time calibration, described calibrating sequence be by certain fixedly basic sequence generate by cyclic shift.Real time calibration periodically carries out in the running of base station, promptly when transmitting calibration, by the calibrating sequence of transmitting chain emission fixed level, receives this signal at the calibration link simultaneously; When receiving calibration, by the calibrating sequence of a fixed level of calibration link emission, receive this signal at the reception link simultaneously, by calculating to received signal, obtain the reception link of antenna array system to be calibrated and the calibration factor of transmitting chain, reach the purpose of real time calibration.
(application number is: 01120547.4) in the another kind of application for a patent for invention to the coupling calibration networks of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system and the calibration steps that is coupled, disclose the antenna coupling in a kind of smart antenna array and the design of dish, this design has provided the loopback scheme between a kind of boresight antenna and the work antenna.
Also has a kind of device that is to use baseband remote technology to intelligent antenna calibration, described baseband remote technology is that data are grown the Optical Fiber Transmission that zooms out of distance at the base-band digital interface, and digital intermediate frequency and analog radio frequency part are placed on antenna place after zooming out as extension unit.This technology can realize the base station of vast capacity, and alleviates the base station selection problem of difficulty day by day.Under TDD and two kinds of working methods of FDD, all be applied at present.Wherein, described use baseband remote technology is exactly that above-mentioned intelligent antenna technology and baseband remote technology are used simultaneously to the device of intelligent antenna calibration, and the structural representation of its realization as shown in Figure 1.
As shown in the figure, the hardware configuration in this device comprises base station indoor set 11 and outdoor extension apparatus 12 two parts, between use optical fiber to connect, be used to transmit baseband digital signal.Wherein, described outdoor extension apparatus 12 comprises: second processing unit 121, hardware handles unit 122, have antenna coupling disc 123, second digital interface 124 of smart antenna array element, wherein said hardware handles unit 122 and have and use coaxial cable to connect between the antenna coupling disc 123 of smart antenna array element, total N+1 root feeder, wherein the N root is the work antenna, 1 is boresight antenna, and N root bay is formed smart antenna array.
Described outdoor extension apparatus 12 has been realized the digital intermediate frequency function of base station, the function of analog intermediate frequency and radio frequency.The function of data path has been realized in wherein said hardware handles unit 122, and second processing unit 121 is realized controlled function.Outdoor unit zooms out optical fiber by 124 connections of second digital interface, realizes the co-shunt function of data, uses FPGA to realize.
Described base station indoor set 11 is finished the physical layer software of base station, upper-layer protocol and Operation and Maintenance function.Comprise: digital signal processing unit 111, first processing unit 112, first digital interface 113, and in digital signal processing unit 111, be provided with calibration subelement 1111.Wherein, described digital signal processing unit 111 is finished the function of physical layer software, and calibration subelement 1111 is parts of digital signal processing unit, finishes the calibration function of smart antenna, the width of cloth facial difference between the antenna in the boresight antenna array.First processing unit 112 is realized upper-layer protocol and Operation and Maintenance function.Indoor unit zooms out optical fiber by 113 connections of first digital interface, realizes the co-shunt function of data, uses FPGA (programmable logic array) to realize.
And the real time calibration of smart antenna is realized in the indoor unit of base station, is divided into transmitting calibration and receives calibration.During described transmitting calibration, calibrating sequence is produced by alignment unit, the transmitting calibration sequence of all working antenna from the base station indoor set by being transferred to outdoor extension apparatus the optical fiber, be transferred to outdoor extension apparatus after being looped back to boresight antenna by the antenna coupling disc, calculate to the alignment unit in the indoor unit through Optical Fiber Transmission again, calculate the transmitting antenna factor and on base-band digital is handled, use.When described reception is calibrated, calibrating sequence is produced by alignment unit, the transmitting calibration sequence of boresight antenna from the base station indoor set by being transferred to outdoor extension apparatus the optical fiber, be transferred to outdoor extension apparatus after being looped back to all work antennas by the antenna coupling disc, calculate to the alignment unit in the indoor unit through Optical Fiber Transmission again, calculate the reception antenna factor and on base-band digital is handled, use.
But, by above-mentioned disclosed technical scheme as can be known the shortcoming of prior art be: the calibration data that 1) transmits and receives need transmit on the optical fiber that zooms out, can take limited fiber bandwidth resource, particularly this shortcoming is especially obvious under multicarrier, during such as M carrier wave, the data serial of all carrier waves transmits in optical fiber, and transmitted data amount increases M doubly; 2) described scheme complexity height in realization, when alignment unit is placed on base band and handles, data link is looped back to base band again from the base band to the antenna, link is long, is not easy the location when going wrong, being calibrated the unit such as certain root antenna judges when breaking down, comprise Base Band Unit owing to constitute in this antenna loop, zoomed out optical fiber, outdoor extension apparatus, which module aerial array comes from so be not easy orientation problem.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is intelligent antenna calibration system and the method thereof that base provides a kind of baseband remote technology, use baseband remote technology to too much taking the bandwidth resources problem on the baseband extension optical fiber in the intelligent antenna calibration process in the present prior art to solve, be difficult for each path of this smart antenna is carried out the problem of fault location simultaneously.
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides a kind of intelligent antenna calibration system based on baseband remote technology, described system comprises:
The base station indoor set is used to finish physical layer software, upper-layer protocol, Operation and Maintenance software and the relevant hardware platform of base station, realizes protocol interface and network management thereof in the third generation partnership project;
Outdoor extension apparatus, link to each other with described base station indoor set by optical fiber, be used to realize digital intermediate frequency, analog intermediate frequency and the radio frequency processing of transceiver, and, finish calibration to the frequency on the hardware corridor, gain, time delay and phase place to initialization of calibration, the cycle real time calibration of smart antenna.
Preferably, described base station indoor set comprises:
Digital signal processing unit is used to finish the processing of physical layer data;
First processing unit links to each other with digital signal processing unit, realizes the control of upper-layer protocol and Operation and Maintenance according to result;
First digital interface links to each other with digital signal processing unit, is used for connecting zooming out optical fiber, to realize the co-shunt of data.
Preferably, described outdoor extension apparatus comprises:
Second digital interface is connected with first digital interface by zooming out optical fiber, is used to realize the co-shunt of data;
The hardware handles unit links to each other with second digital interface, is used to realize the transceiver calibration of base station;
Second processing unit links to each other with the hardware handles unit, is used to realize zooming out the monitoring and the Operation and Maintenance of fiber optic protocols, hardware, realizes the calibration to smart antenna simultaneously;
The antenna coupling disc that has smart antenna array links to each other with the hardware handles unit by cable, is used to be coupled receive and the calibration data of the work of transmission antenna, directly transmits for the data of eating dishes without rice or wine of work antenna simultaneously.
Preferably, described second processing unit comprises the calibration subelement, is used for the amplitude between the calibrating smart antenna array antenna and the difference of phase place.
Preferably, described first and second data-interfaces are realized by field programmable gate array.
Preferably, described hardware handles unit comprises:
The intermediate frequency process subelement is used for the base band data of downlink processing direction is realized Digital Up Convert, digital-to-analogue conversion, simulation amplification, decay and filtering; And on up processing direction, intermediate-freuqncy signal is simulated amplification, decay, filtering, analog-to-digital conversion and Digital Down Convert;
The radio frequency processing subelement, the base band data that is used on the downlink processing direction is realized uppermixing, power amplification and antenna filtering; And realize that on up processing direction antenna filtering, low noise amplify and following mixing.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of method of the smart antenna real time calibration based on baseband remote technology, and this method realizes the real time calibration of base band in outdoor extension apparatus, comprise step:
A, the radio frequency parameter of back in the outdoor extension apparatus carries out initialization of calibration to powering on;
B, when satisfying the trigger condition of real time calibration, the microprocessor in the outdoor extension apparatus begins to do the cycle real time calibration, and identifies type of calibration;
C, basis be type of calibration accordingly, realizes the cycle real time calibration of base band in the outdoor extension apparatus;
D, according to the real-time control antenna correlation behavior of calibration result, comprise the opening and closing state of antenna;
The information of E, described antenna correlation behavior is reported to the base station indoor set by outdoor extension apparatus by the OM channel that zooms out in the agreement.
Preferably, in the steps A, described initialization of calibration comprises the initial configuration of frequency, gain and the delay parameter of radio frequency.
Preferably, the trigger condition that satisfies real time calibration described in the step B comprise following each or multinomial:
When setting up the sub-district, trigger a cycle real time calibration;
When receiving the period regulation triggering message that the base station indoor set sends, trigger a cycle real time calibration;
When receiving local timer interrupt message, trigger a cycle real time calibration.
Preferably, the microprocessor described in the step B in the outdoor extension apparatus begins to do the cycle real time calibration, and the detailed process that identifies type of calibration is:
Microprocessor is write calibrating sequence in the memory, and notifies the field programmable gate array on the outdoor extension apparatus to do the cycle real time calibration, and identifies type of calibration.
Preferably, described type of calibration comprises: the temperature compensation calibration of the amplitude of transmitting-receiving path and phase alignment, gain, the heavy detection with step calibration and descending pilot frequency power output of digital intermediate frequency are calibrated.
Preferably, if described type of calibration is the amplitude and the phase alignment of transmitting-receiving path, then the specific implementation process of real time calibration is among the step C:
When transmitting calibration, field programmable gate array Control work antenna in the outdoor extension apparatus is the transmitting calibration data on corresponding carrier channel, boresight antenna receives on corresponding carrier channel, and microprocessor calculates the transmitting calibration coefficient of all transmitting antennas on each carrier wave according to the calibration data that receives;
When receiving calibration, the field programmable gate array control boresight antenna transmitting calibration data in the outdoor extension apparatus, the work antenna receives, and microprocessor calculates the reception calibration factor of all reception antennas on each carrier wave according to the calibration data that receives.
Preferably, after described microprocessor calculates the transmitting calibration coefficient of the reception calibration factor of all reception antennas on each carrier wave and all transmitting antennas according to the calibration data that receives, it is compensated in the bay of smart antenna, with the difference of amplitude and phase place between the compensation antenna.
Preferably, the specific implementation process of described compensation is:
Calculate the emission/reception calibration factor between transmit/receive antenna;
Emission/reception data that the emission/reception calibration factor that calculates be multiply by each antenna compensate the difference of amplitude and phase place between the antenna, and the antenna data after the compensation deals is delivered to the base station indoor set again and carried out baseband digital signal and handle.
Preferably, if type of calibration is the temperature compensation calibration of gain, then the specific implementation process of real time calibration is among the step C:
The variations in temperature of the microprocessor cycle detection hardware in the outdoor extension apparatus, and the default temperature curve of utilization uses the gain after the mode of interpolation calculates variation, the radio circuit in the outdoor extension apparatus is given in configuration then, and the gain on the transmit-receive position is compensated.
Preferably, weigh same step calibration if type of calibration is a digital intermediate frequency, then the specific implementation process of real time calibration is among the step C:
Microprocessor on the extension unit sends synch command to the digital intermediate frequency chip, and digital intermediate frequency is carried out synchronous operation.
Preferably, if type of calibration detects calibration for the descending pilot frequency power output, then the specific implementation process of real time calibration is among the step C:
The detection power detection chip of the microprocessor cycle on the extension unit, obtain the performance number of descending pilot frequency, comparing with the required value of setting up the sub-district and to obtain difference offset on the radio frequency path, is new gain on the radio-frequency channel with the gain sum on this value and the former radio-frequency channel.
Preferably, the specific implementation process among the step D is:
Microprocessor on the outdoor extension apparatus is after the amplitude and phase alignment of finishing the transmitting-receiving path, obtain the compensation for calibrating errors factor, calculate the range value of compensating factor, compare with predetermined threshold value, when the range value of compensating factor during, corresponding antenna condition is changed to effectively, when the range value of compensating factor during less than the threshold value of being scheduled to greater than predetermined threshold value, it is invalid that corresponding antenna condition is changed to, in real time the control antenna correlation behavior.
Preferably, the specific implementation process of step e is:
After microprocessor on the outdoor extension apparatus calculates the antenna correlation behavior, the antenna condition value is encapsulated in the message, be reported in the microprocessor in the indoor set of base station by zooming out OM channel in the agreement, the base station indoor set in time obtains up-to-date antenna condition and passes to baseband signal processing unit and use.
By above-mentioned disclosed technical scheme as can be known, the present invention is by in the microprocessor that will calibrate subelement and be arranged on outdoor extension apparatus, not only realized in outdoor extension apparatus, having realized real time calibration function to smart antenna, its real-time calibration function is finished by microprocessor in the outdoor extension apparatus and field programmable gate array (FPGA), and its calibration algorithm is also finished by its microprocessor.This shows, not take the finite bandwidth resource that zooms out optical fiber when the present invention realizes calibration function, special saving very big when multicarrier is worked the fiber bandwidth resource.Data chainning is short out when real time calibration, does not pass through fiber optic stretch, and it is more simple and reliable that system is implemented, and also is convenient to the solution of fault location and problem simultaneously.In addition,, make it more near aerial array because the calibration subelement is arranged in the outdoor extension apparatus, more intense to the real-time control ability of antenna, more can reflect antenna condition exactly; Because calibration function realizes that on FPGA the antenna factor multiplication obtains calibration factor, than using Base-Band Processing (DSP) more convenient and quicker, realize that cost is lower, speed is faster.That is to say that the present invention does not carry out the real time calibration function on base band, saved the resource of Base-Band Processing (DSP), simplified baseband design.Simultaneously, on the indoor unit of base station, do not realize the initialization of calibration function yet, simplified the oam design on the indoor set of base station.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the base station system structural representation of the band intelligent antenna calibration function of baseband remote technology in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the base station system structural representation of described band intelligent antenna calibration function based on baseband remote technology of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of hardware configuration schematic diagram of outdoor extension apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the method for the smart antenna real time calibration based on baseband remote technology of the present invention.
Embodiment
Core of the present invention is to the design of intelligent antenna calibration module position and a kind of calibration system under this design and the realization of method under remote technology, that is: move on in the outdoor extension apparatus in the indoor unit of alignment unit with intelligent antenna calibration and realize by the base station, wherein, in outdoor extension apparatus, not only realized the initialization of calibration of radio frequency in the base station, also realized real time calibration function, and calibration function is displayed by microprocessor and programmable gate thereof and realizes to smart antenna.Described calibration system is the hardware scheme behind the above-mentioned calibration module position change of realization, compares with traditional scheme, and this scenario-frame is clear, and the calibration via design is simple, uses reliable and stable.Described calibration steps is to realize the real time calibration function on outdoor extension apparatus, compare with traditional method of on Base Band Unit, carrying out real time calibration, not only can carry out real time calibration to the smart antenna that is in the normal operation, and can save bandwidth resources on the baseband extension optical fiber, have the low advantage of simple and reliable cost simultaneously in realization.In addition, technical scheme of the present invention can be applied under the working method of time division duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) (FDD) real time calibration to smart antenna simultaneously.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing this present invention is described in detail.
See also Fig. 2, be the base station system structural representation of described band intelligent antenna calibration function based on baseband remote technology of the present invention.Described system comprises: base station indoor set 21 and outdoor extension apparatus 22, wherein, described base station indoor set 21, be used to realize physical layer software, upper-layer protocol and Operation and Maintenance software and the relevant hardware platform of base station, this three parts software has been finished the main software function of base station, realizes Iub and the function of Uu protocol interface and the function of network management of third generation affiliate (3GPP) definition; Described outdoor extension apparatus 22, link to each other with described base station indoor set 21 by optical fiber, be used to realize the transceiver of smart antenna and the function of calibration, wherein transceiver mainly comprises: the function of digital intermediate frequency, analog intermediate frequency and radio frequency, realize, the processing from base band data to the data of eating dishes without rice or wine on the down direction and up direction are eated dishes without rice or wine the processing of data to base band data, wherein calibration comprises: initialization of calibration, two functions of cycle real time calibration, realize the calibration to the frequency on the hardware corridor, gain, time delay and phase place.
Described base station indoor set 21 comprises: digital signal processing unit 211, the first processing units 212, the first digital interfaces 213.Described digital signal processing unit 211 is used to finish the function of physical layer software; First processing unit 212 links to each other with digital signal processing unit 211, realizes the controlled function of upper-layer protocol and Operation and Maintenance according to result; First digital interface 213, link to each other with digital signal processing unit 211, connect by first digital interface 213 and zoom out optical fiber, realize the co-shunt function of data, this function can use field programmable gate array (FPGA, Field Programmable Gate Array) to realize.
Described outdoor extension apparatus 22 comprises: second digital interface 221, hardware handles unit 222, second processing unit 223 and have the antenna coupling disc 224 of smart antenna array.Wherein, described second digital interface 221 is connected with first digital interface 213 by optical fiber, is used to realize the co-shunt function of data, and this function also can use FPGA to realize; Described hardware handles unit 222 links to each other with second digital interface 221, is used to realize the transceiver functionality and the calibration function of base station; Described second processing unit 223, link to each other with hardware handles unit 222, be used to realize zooming out the monitoring and the Operation and Maintenance of fiber optic protocols, hardware, realize the calibration of smart antenna simultaneously, wherein said second processing unit 223 also comprises calibration subelement 2231, is used for the amplitude between the calibrating smart antenna array antenna and the difference of phase place; The described antenna coupling disc 224 that has smart antenna array links to each other with hardware handles unit 222 by cable, is used to be coupled receive and the calibration data of the work of transmission antenna, directly transmits for the data of eating dishes without rice or wine of work antenna simultaneously.
Use coaxial cable to connect between hardware handles unit 222 in the described outdoor extension apparatus 22 and the antenna coupling disc 224, total N+1 root feeder, wherein the N root is the work antenna, and 1 is boresight antenna, and N root bay is formed smart antenna array.Described outdoor extension apparatus has been realized the function of calibration function, digital intermediate frequency function, analog intermediate frequency and the radio frequency of base station.Wherein microprocessor has also been realized calibration function except realizing controlled function.Because in microprocessor, be provided with the calibration subelement, so that to the real time calibration of bay in the smart antenna.
Also please refer to Fig. 3, be a kind of hardware configuration schematic diagram of outdoor extension apparatus of the present invention.In the figure, outdoor extension apparatus has comprised second digital interface 31, uses FPGA to realize; IF processing unit 32 has realized the function of digital intermediate frequency and analog intermediate frequency, specifically is included on the downlink processing direction Digital Up Convert function to base band data, the digital-to-analogue conversion function, and simulation is amplified, the function of decay and filtering; On up processing direction, intermediate-freuqncy signal is simulated amplification, the function of decay and filtering, analog-digital conversion function, Digital Down Convert function.Be that each road work antenna has oneself independently path, boresight antenna and work antenna 0 shared same path use switch to switch; RF processing unit 33 has been realized the processing capacity between intermediate frequency and the radiofrequency signal, specifically is included in the uppermixing function on the downlink processing direction, power amplification function and antenna filter function; Antenna filter function on up processing direction, low noise enlarging function and following mixing function.Be that each road work antenna has oneself independently path, boresight antenna also has oneself independently path; Second processing unit 34, realize controlled function and calibration function, calibration function is the width of cloth facial difference between the antenna in the boresight antenna array, be used to realize the smart antenna function, that is to say, described second processing unit 34 comprises calibration subelement 341, is used for the amplitude between the calibrating smart antenna array antenna and the difference of phase place; Antenna coupling disc and aerial array 35 are made of N root work antenna and 1 boresight antenna.
The multicarrier of base station indoor set side and the data serial of many antennas are by realizing the function of data co-shunt through digital interface (FPGA) after the Optical Fiber Transmission.What realize during data downstream is the shunt function, has at this moment realized the data separating of carrier wave and antenna, launches from antenna through different paths; What realize during data uplink is to close the road function, at this moment will merge into serial from the data of different antennae and carrier wave and send to Base-Band Processing.
This shows that technical scheme of the present invention is compared with the logical construction of prior art (as shown in Figure 1), alignment unit of the present invention has been placed in the microprocessor of outdoor extension apparatus and has realized.Because the purpose of calibration is amplitude between the bay and a phase error in the calibrating intelligent antenna array, described error is mainly derived from different antennas and has passed through different data transmission paths, wherein, described data transmission channel comprises: digital intermediate frequency and analogue transmission two parts.Because the data of all antennas of Optical Fiber Transmission are serial transmissions between base station indoor set and outdoor extension apparatus, the path of process is the same, can be in the width of cloth phase inconsistency that produces on this path between the antenna.Therefore, the present invention is placed on alignment unit on the outdoor extension apparatus, by the real time calibration function that realizes base band on the processor on this unit.Real time calibration function of the present invention comprises: the temperature compensation calibration of the amplitude of transmitting-receiving path and phase alignment, gain, the heavy detection with step calibration and descending pilot frequency power output of digital intermediate frequency are calibrated.But be not limited to disclosed real time calibration mode.The real time calibration function that also can comprise other.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of method of the smart antenna real time calibration based on baseband remote technology, and this method realizes the real time calibration of base band in outdoor extension apparatus, and the flow chart of described method sees Fig. 4 for details.Described method comprises step:
Step S11: the radio frequency parameter in the outdoor extension apparatus in back that powers on is carried out initialization of calibration;
Step S12: when satisfying the trigger condition of real time calibration, the microprocessor in the outdoor extension apparatus begins to do the cycle real time calibration, and identifies type of calibration;
Step S13:, realize the real time calibration of base band in the outdoor extension apparatus according to corresponding type of calibration;
Step S14:, comprise the state of opening or closing according to the real-time control antenna correlation behavior of calibration result;
Step S15: the information of described antenna correlation behavior is reported to the base station indoor set by extension unit by the OM channel that zooms out in the agreement.
In initialization of calibration described in the step S11, be meant that after outdoor extension apparatus powers on the microprocessor on the outdoor extension apparatus disposes the parameters such as frequency, gain and time delay of radio frequency hardware, finish the initialization of calibration function of radio frequency.Hence one can see that, the initialization of calibration of the radio frequency of described base station can not finished in the indoor unit of base station, but on outdoor extension apparatus, finish, so not only can save the reliability and stability that zooms out the bandwidth of an optical fiber resource and improve system, and dispose and can inquire about for the parameter of outdoor extension apparatus by the Operation and Maintenance Unit of base station side, this scheme also can reduce the work of maintenance personnel amount simultaneously.
In step S12, when the processor on the outdoor extension apparatus satisfies the trigger condition of calibration, such as, receive from setting up sub-district message on the indoor set of base station, be exactly to trigger a cycle real time calibration when setting up the sub-district at every turn; Period regulation triggers message, and this message regularly sends to outdoor extension apparatus from the Operation and Maintenance Unit in the indoor processing unit, whenever receives such message, carries out the cycle real time calibration one time; Local timer interrupt message, timer then can produce an interruption, calls the Interrupt Process function and sends a triggering message, whenever receives such message, carries out the cycle real time calibration one time.Be that microprocessor is write calibrating sequence in the memory, notify the FPGA on the outdoor extension apparatus to do calibration, and identify type of calibration and detect any one or multiple type of calibration in the calibration with step calibration and descending pilot frequency power output for the transmitting-receiving amplitude of path and phase alignment, the temperature compensation calibration of gain, digital intermediate frequency are heavy.So that with type of calibration, realize the real time calibration of base band in the outdoor extension apparatus according to corresponding general.
In step S13, if described type of calibration is the amplitude and the phase alignment of transmitting-receiving path, its concrete calibration process is:
When transmitting calibration, the emission of FPGA Control work antenna, boresight antenna receives.When the calibration frame, calibration data is delivered on the corresponding carriers passage of all work antennas and launched, receive simultaneously on corresponding carrier channel by boresight antenna, by FPGA the data that receive are write in the memory again, microprocessor on the outdoor extension apparatus reads the back according to existing algorithm, such as the algorithm that uses name to be called to provide in the patent of invention (application number is 02158623.3) of " a kind of method of the smart antenna array 1 system being carried out real time calibration " etc., calculate the transmitting calibration coefficient of all transmitting antennas on each carrier wave.
When receiving calibration, the emission of FPGA control boresight antenna, all working antenna receives.When the calibration frame, calibration data is delivered on the corresponding carriers passage of all boresight antennas and launched, receive simultaneously on corresponding carrier channel by the work antenna, by FPGA the data that receive are write in the memory, the microprocessor on the outdoor extension apparatus reads the back calculates all reception antennas on each carrier wave according to existing algorithm reception calibration factor again.The algorithm of its concrete algorithm during with transmitting calibration is identical, does not repeat them here.
Be after microprocessor calculates the reception calibration factor of the transmitting calibration coefficient of all transmitting antennas on each carrier wave and reception antenna on the outdoor extension apparatus, the described calibration factor that transmits and receives is applied on the bays different in the smart antenna, calibration factor uses in FPGA, width of cloth facial difference between antenna is compensated, and the antenna data after the compensation deals is delivered to the base station indoor set again and is carried out the baseband digital signal processing.Specific algorithm is:
When the base station data, suppose that the described transmitting calibration factor that calculates is T
Ij, (wherein i=1～N represents i root antenna, and j represents j carrier wave), the emission data of every antenna are TXDATA
Ij(k), (wherein i represents i root antenna, and j represents j carrier wave, and k represents k transmitted chip); The emission data that then the described transmitting calibration factor multiplied each other, the data of finally being launched after the processing are TXDATA
Ij(k) * T
IjWhen receiving data, suppose that described reception calibration factor of calculating is R in the base station
Ij, (wherein i i root antenna, j represents j carrier wave), the reception data of every antenna are RXDATA
Ij(k), (i wherein, i root antenna, j are represented j carrier wave, k represents k transmitted chip), the emission data that then the described transmitting calibration factor multiplied each other, the final reception data that obtain after the processing are RXDATA
Ij(k) * R
Ij
If described type of calibration is the temperature compensation calibration of gain, its concrete calibration process is:
The temperature that reads hardware of microprocessor cycle on the outdoor extension apparatus, when temperature changes, i.e. poor according to this temperature of reading and the temperature of reading last time, microprocessor calculates the variation of temperature amount, the temperature curve that obtains according to test again uses the gain after the method for interpolation calculates variation.Then its configuration is given the radio frequency path on the outdoor extension apparatus, the gain on the transmit-receive position is compensated.
Weigh same step calibration if described type of calibration is a digital intermediate frequency, its concrete calibration process is:
At set intervals, digital intermediate frequency also needs to carry out again synchronous, guarantees that the path of all transmitting antennas is synchronous, and the path of all reception antennas is synchronous, and between the transmitting-receiving synchronously.Microprocessor on the outdoor extension apparatus sends synch command to the digital intermediate frequency chip, and digital intermediate frequency is carried out synchronous operation.
If described type of calibration detects calibration for the descending pilot frequency power output, its concrete calibration process is:
For the power that guarantees the antenna delivery outlet is accurate, need realize power detection at the antenna delivery outlet.The result of the readout power detection chip of the microprocessor cycle on the outdoor extension apparatus obtains the performance number of descending pilot frequency, compare with the required value of setting up the sub-district, then on radio frequency path with the difference compensation, suppose that difference is G
1, the gain on the former radio-frequency channel is G
2, then new gain is G on the radio-frequency channel
2+ G
1
In addition, the present invention can also be to the corresponding maintenance function of carrying out of antenna condition, that is:
When the calibration module on the outdoor extension apparatus finds that according to Data Receiving power antenna is unusual, corresponding antenna factor can be changed to 0, and in time the antenna effective status is reported the Operation and Maintenance Unit of indoor unit, described Operation and Maintenance Unit in time notifies the base band physical layer to upgrade antenna condition current effective antenna condition, notify the FPGA on the outdoor extension apparatus simultaneously, be digital Auto Gain control (AGC, automatic gain control, automatic volume control) only effective antenna is calculated the time, concrete computational process has been known technology for those skilled in the art, do not repeat them here, thereby guarantee that AGC's is correct.
In step S14, according to the real-time control antenna correlation behavior of calibration result, described state comprises and opening or closing; Its concrete implementation procedure is: the microprocessor on the extension unit of base station is after the amplitude and phase alignment of finishing the transmitting-receiving path, obtain the compensation for calibrating errors factor, calculate the range value of compensating factor, compare (because internal loopback during calibration with predetermined threshold value, can calculating of threshold value) according to the transmitting-receiving path gain, when the range value of compensating factor during greater than predetermined threshold value, corresponding antenna condition is changed to effectively, when the range value of compensating factor during less than predetermined threshold value, it is invalid that corresponding antenna condition is changed to, in real time the control antenna correlation behavior.
In step S15, the information from base station extension unit of described antenna correlation behavior is reported to the base station indoor set by the OM channel that zooms out in the agreement.Its concrete implementation procedure is: after the microprocessor on the extension unit of base station calculates the antenna correlation behavior, the antenna condition value is encapsulated in the message, be reported in the microprocessor in the indoor set of base station by zooming out OM channel in the agreement, indoor unit in time obtains up-to-date antenna condition and passes to baseband signal processing unit and use.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (19)
1, a kind of intelligent antenna calibration system based on baseband remote technology is characterized in that, comprising:
The base station indoor set is used to finish physical layer software, upper-layer protocol, Operation and Maintenance software and the relevant hardware platform of base station, realizes protocol interface and network management thereof in the third generation partnership project;
Outdoor extension apparatus, link to each other with described base station indoor set by optical fiber, be used to realize digital intermediate frequency, analog intermediate frequency and the radio frequency processing of transceiver, and, finish calibration to the frequency on the hardware corridor, gain, time delay and phase place to initialization of calibration, the cycle real time calibration of smart antenna.
According to the described intelligent antenna calibration system of claim 1, it is characterized in that 2, described base station indoor set comprises based on baseband remote technology:
Digital signal processing unit is used to finish the processing of physical layer data;
First processing unit links to each other with digital signal processing unit, realizes the control of upper-layer protocol and Operation and Maintenance according to result;
First digital interface links to each other with digital signal processing unit, is used for connecting zooming out optical fiber, to realize the co-shunt of data.
3, according to claim 1 or 2 described intelligent antenna calibration systems, it is characterized in that described outdoor extension apparatus comprises based on baseband remote technology:
Second digital interface is connected with first digital interface by zooming out optical fiber, is used to realize the co-shunt of data;
The hardware handles unit links to each other with second digital interface, is used to realize the transceiver calibration of base station;
Second processing unit links to each other with the hardware handles unit, is used to realize zooming out the monitoring and the Operation and Maintenance of fiber optic protocols, hardware, realizes the calibration to smart antenna simultaneously;
The antenna coupling disc that has smart antenna array links to each other with the hardware handles unit by cable, is used to be coupled receive and the calibration data of the work of transmission antenna, directly transmits for the data of eating dishes without rice or wine of work antenna simultaneously.
According to the described intelligent antenna calibration system of claim 3, it is characterized in that 4, described second processing unit comprises the calibration subelement, be used for the amplitude between the calibrating smart antenna array antenna and the difference of phase place based on baseband remote technology.
According to the described intelligent antenna calibration system of claim 3, it is characterized in that 5, described first and second data-interfaces are realized by field programmable gate array based on baseband remote technology.
6, according to the described smart antenna real time calibration system of claim 3, it is characterized in that described hardware handles unit comprises based on baseband remote technology:
The intermediate frequency process subelement is used for the base band data of downlink processing direction is realized Digital Up Convert, digital-to-analogue conversion, simulation amplification, decay and filtering; And on up processing direction, intermediate-freuqncy signal is simulated amplification, decay, filtering, analog-to-digital conversion and Digital Down Convert;
The radio frequency processing subelement, the base band data that is used on the downlink processing direction is realized uppermixing, power amplification and antenna filtering; And realize that on up processing direction antenna filtering, low noise amplify and following mixing.
7, a kind of method of the smart antenna real time calibration based on baseband remote technology, this method realizes the real time calibration of base band in outdoor extension apparatus, it is characterized in that, comprising:
A, the radio frequency parameter of back in the outdoor extension apparatus carries out initialization of calibration to powering on;
B, when satisfying the trigger condition of real time calibration, the microprocessor in the outdoor extension apparatus begins to do the cycle real time calibration, and identifies type of calibration;
C, basis be type of calibration accordingly, realizes the cycle real time calibration of base band in the outdoor extension apparatus;
D, according to the real-time control antenna correlation behavior of calibration result, comprise the opening and closing state of antenna;
The information of E, described antenna correlation behavior is reported to the base station indoor set by outdoor extension apparatus by the OM channel that zooms out in the agreement.
8, according to the method for the described smart antenna real time calibration based on baseband remote technology of claim 7, it is characterized in that in the steps A, described initialization of calibration comprises the initial configuration of frequency, gain and the delay parameter of radio frequency.
9, according to the method for the described smart antenna real time calibration based on baseband remote technology of claim 7, it is characterized in that, the trigger condition that satisfies real time calibration described in the step B comprise following each or multinomial:
When setting up the sub-district, trigger a cycle real time calibration;
When receiving the period regulation triggering message that the base station indoor set sends, trigger a cycle real time calibration;
When receiving local timer interrupt message, trigger a cycle real time calibration.
10, according to the method for claim 7 or 9 described smart antenna real time calibrations based on baseband remote technology, it is characterized in that, microprocessor described in the step B in the outdoor extension apparatus begins to do the cycle real time calibration, and the detailed process that identifies type of calibration is:
Microprocessor is write calibrating sequence in the memory, and notifies the field programmable gate array on the outdoor extension apparatus to do the cycle real time calibration, and identifies type of calibration.
11, according to the method for the described smart antenna real time calibration based on baseband remote technology of claim 10, it is characterized in that described type of calibration comprises: the temperature compensation calibration of the amplitude of transmitting-receiving path and phase alignment, gain, the heavy detection with step calibration and descending pilot frequency power output of digital intermediate frequency are calibrated.
According to the method for claim 7 or 11 described smart antenna real time calibrations based on baseband remote technology, it is characterized in that 12, if described type of calibration is the amplitude and the phase alignment of transmitting-receiving path, then the specific implementation process of real time calibration is among the step C:
When transmitting calibration, field programmable gate array Control work antenna in the outdoor extension apparatus is the transmitting calibration data on corresponding carrier channel, boresight antenna receives on corresponding carrier channel, and microprocessor calculates the transmitting calibration coefficient of all transmitting antennas on each carrier wave according to the calibration data that receives;
When receiving calibration, the field programmable gate array control boresight antenna transmitting calibration data in the outdoor extension apparatus, the work antenna receives, and microprocessor calculates the reception calibration factor of all reception antennas on each carrier wave according to the calibration data that receives.
13, according to the method for the described smart antenna real time calibration based on baseband remote technology of claim 12, it is characterized in that, after described microprocessor calculates the transmitting calibration coefficient of the reception calibration factor of all reception antennas on each carrier wave and all transmitting antennas according to the calibration data that receives, it is compensated in the bay of smart antenna, with the difference of amplitude and phase place between the compensation antenna.
14, according to the method for the described smart antenna real time calibration based on baseband remote technology of claim 13, it is characterized in that the specific implementation process of described compensation is:
Calculate the emission/reception calibration factor between transmit/receive antenna;
Emission/reception data that the emission/reception calibration factor that calculates be multiply by each antenna compensate the difference of amplitude and phase place between the antenna, and the antenna data after the compensation deals is delivered to the base station indoor set again and carried out baseband digital signal and handle.
According to the method for claim 7 or 11 described smart antenna real time calibrations based on baseband remote technology, it is characterized in that 15, if type of calibration is the temperature compensation calibration of gain, then the specific implementation process of real time calibration is among the step C:
The variations in temperature of the microprocessor cycle detection hardware in the outdoor extension apparatus, and the default temperature curve of utilization uses the gain after the mode of interpolation calculates variation, the radio circuit in the outdoor extension apparatus is given in configuration then, and the gain on the transmit-receive position is compensated.
According to the method for claim 7 or 11 described smart antenna real time calibrations based on baseband remote technology, it is characterized in that 16, if the type of calibration heavy same step calibration that is digital intermediate frequency, then the specific implementation process of real time calibration is among the step C:
Microprocessor on the extension unit sends synch command to the digital intermediate frequency chip, and digital intermediate frequency is carried out synchronous operation.
According to the method for claim 7 or 11 described smart antenna real time calibrations based on baseband remote technology, it is characterized in that 17, detect calibration if type of calibration is the descending pilot frequency power output, then the specific implementation process of real time calibration is among the step C:
The detection power detection chip of the microprocessor cycle on the extension unit, obtain the performance number of descending pilot frequency, comparing with the required value of setting up the sub-district and to obtain difference offset on the radio frequency path, is new gain on the radio-frequency channel with the gain sum on this value and the former radio-frequency channel.
18, according to the method for the described smart antenna real time calibration based on baseband remote technology of claim 7, it is characterized in that the specific implementation process among the step D is:
Microprocessor on the outdoor extension apparatus is after the amplitude and phase alignment of finishing the transmitting-receiving path, obtain the compensation for calibrating errors factor, calculate the range value of compensating factor, compare with predetermined threshold value, when the range value of compensating factor during, corresponding antenna condition is changed to effectively, when the range value of compensating factor during less than the threshold value of being scheduled to greater than predetermined threshold value, it is invalid that corresponding antenna condition is changed to, in real time the control antenna correlation behavior.
19, according to the method for the described smart antenna real time calibration based on baseband remote technology of claim 7, it is characterized in that it is characterized in that, the specific implementation process of step e is:
After microprocessor on the outdoor extension apparatus calculates the antenna correlation behavior, the antenna condition value is encapsulated in the message, be reported in the microprocessor in the indoor set of base station by zooming out OM channel in the agreement, the base station indoor set in time obtains up-to-date antenna condition and passes to baseband signal processing unit and use.
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