CN101055008A - 由碳纤维增强的碳制备模制体的方法 - Google Patents
由碳纤维增强的碳制备模制体的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种由用碳纤维增强的碳制备模制体的方法,其中纤维以具有确定长度、宽度和厚度的束的形式存在。纤维在束中的确定布置允许增强纤维在碳基质中针对性的布置,和因此允许适合负荷地设计对由碳纤维增强的碳形成的模制体例如刹车片的增强。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及由用碳短纤维增强的碳制备模制体例如刹车片的方法。
背景技术
包括一个用碳纤维增强的碳基质的复合材料(CFRC材料),也称作碳/碳复合材料(C/C材料),显示出高的机械和热负载能力。因此,该复合材料尤其是一种适合用于高效刹车例如用于飞机或赛车运动中的材料。
增强性碳纤维经常以平面或三维的纺织织构(Gebilde),例如作为织物或针刺的预成型体存在。但是两种变型在制备时都是比较费事的并且只能有限地与复杂的几何形状相匹配。
另一种情形在于由疏松的短纤维和/或短纤维束形成纤维增强体。
在专利文本US5,242,746中,公开了一种包括多个不同功能层的由碳纤维增强的碳形成的摩擦部件。该摩擦部件包括至少一个典型地为10-20mm厚的结构层,该结构层显示出高机械强度,和至少一个典型地为3-7mm厚的具有有利的摩擦性能和高磨损强度的摩擦层。
结构层的纤维增强体具有较粗的质地并通过长丝股(粗纱)的束状片断形成,其中片断具有5-60mm的平均长度和包括1,000-320,000根几乎平行定向的单根长丝。切成束的长丝股可以被预浸渍,以便避免束分解。
摩擦层的纤维增强体具有细的质地并由粉碎的单根长丝或少于100根平均长度为0.05-60mm,优选0.2-2mm的单根长丝的束形成。
结构层中的纤维束同样如同单根长丝一样在摩擦层中是随机分布的。在两层之间存在一个在纤维增强体和碳基质质地中的连续过渡区,使得层形成一个单块构件。
如果象在US5,242,746中建议的那样,纤维束通过将长丝股切割来制备,则通过将长丝股预浸渍尽管可以降低束的分解。但是,如此获得的束仅能通过平均长度和单根长丝的数目进行确定,即它不具有确定的可针对性调整的宽度(垂直于纤维长度方向上的尺寸,取决于并排放置的纤维数目)和厚度(垂直于长度和宽度的尺寸,取决于上下放置的纤维数目)。在长丝股中单根长丝也就是既可以相互并排存在也可以上下存在,并且其布置强烈取决于长丝股或由其切断的片断经受的外部条件(混合时的压力、拉伸、剪切力等),直到浸渍被固化到将长丝以该时刻存在的布置固定的程度。
利用本发明,提供一种用含有碳纤维增强体的碳基质制备模制体(C/C模制体)的方法,该方法使得可以由具有确定尺寸的纤维束形成增强体,其中纤维在束中的结合和平行空间布置在混入到模塑材料中时得到保持。纤维在束中的确定布置允许增强纤维在碳基质中的针对性布置,和因此允许对增强体进行适合负荷的设计。
本发明由用碳短纤维束增强的碳基质制备模制体尤其刹车片的方法包括下列步骤:
-制备或提供由通过形状地稳定固化的可碳化粘结剂结合在一起的平行定向的碳纤维形成的束,其中该束具有针对性调整的确定的长度、宽度和厚度,
-通过将纤维束、可碳化的基质形成剂和任选的助剂混合而制备模塑材料,
-通过将模塑材料在接近最终轮廓的压制模具中在升高的温度下压制,同时固化可碳化的基质形成剂,接着脱模,制备接近最终轮廓的坯料型体,
-将坯料型体碳化成碳化的模制体,
-将碳化的模制体进行机械后处理,如果需要
-碳化的模制体用一种可碳化的基质形成剂任选地进一步浸渍并碳化,
-通过将碳基质借助于CVI方法沉积而压实碳化的模制体。
根据本发明的第二个变型方案,该方法包括下列步骤:
-制备或提供由通过碳化的粘结剂结合在一起的平行定向的碳纤维形成的束,其中该束具有针对性调整的确定的长度、宽度和厚度,
-用一种可碳化的基质粘结剂在机械产生的流化床中浸渍纤维束,
-通过将浸渍的纤维束、可碳化的基质形成剂和任选的助剂混合制备模塑材料,
-通过将模塑材料在接近最终轮廓的压制模具中在升高的温度下压制,同时固化可碳化的基质形成剂,接着脱模,制备接近最终轮廓的坯料型体,
-将坯料型体碳化成碳化的模制体,
-将碳化的模制体机械后处理,如果需要
-碳化的模制体用一种可碳化的基质形成剂任选地进一步浸渍并碳化,
-通过将碳基质借助于CVI方法沉积而压实碳化的模制体。
在该方式中,纤维束通过在流化床中浸渍而压实。由含有浸渍纤维束的模塑材料形成的坯料型体和由其获得的碳化模制体因此比第一变型方案中的压实度高。因此,在第二种变型方案中,用于借助CVI沉积而压实碳化的模制体需要的时间较少。
本发明的其它细节、变型和优点可以从下面的说明书,实施例和附图得知。
附图说明
图1示意表示对用于制备具有纤维束切向定向的刹车片的模具的填充。
图2示意表示具有填充栅格的模具。
图3示意表示纤维在模具中通过填充栅格调整的切向定向。
具体实施方式
碳纤维理解为所有类型的碳纤维,与起始材料无关,其中聚丙烯腈纤维、沥青纤维和纤维素纤维是最常见的起始材料。
在欧洲专利申请EP1 645 671中公开了一种制备具有确定长度,宽度和厚度的纤维束的方法,该纤维束包括平行定向的碳纤维和形状稳定地固化的聚合物粘结剂。在其为本发明而改进的变型方案中该方法包括如下步骤:
-将至少一个包括大量平行的碳纤维长丝的长丝股用可碳化的粘结剂浸渍,使得获得预浸渍体,
-将至少一个浸渍的长丝股或多个平行布置的浸渍长丝股压制成由平行取向的长丝形成的具有确定厚度的铺置片(Gelegebahn)(单向铺置,下面称为UD铺置),其中粘结剂通过热处理固化,使得获得确定厚度的形状稳定的铺置片,
-将任选地拆分成单个带的UD铺置片切割为具有确定宽度和长度的片段(纤维束)。
优选地,将长丝股在浸渍之前呈扇形打开,以便使纤维并排平行布置在平面中容易。
预浸渍体的质量基粘结剂含量为25-48%并取决于选择的浸渍条件。预浸渍体的面积基质量为200-500g/m2。
以一个或多个并排布置的浸渍长丝股形式的预浸渍体输送通过轧辊机架、砑光机、带式压机或其它合适的连续压制装置。在这些压制装置中,优选地通过多个前后布置的具有下降的静宽度的轧辊间隙将过量的粘结剂从长丝股中压挤出来,将各股压平,使得每股包括不多于三个上下安置的纤维层,并优选包括仅仅一个具有基本上平行走向的长丝的单个纤维层。预浸渍体的压制在温热状态(在直到200℃的温度)下进行,使得可碳化的粘结剂完全固化或者至少固化到获得形状稳定的长丝股的程度,在其中单根长丝以其平行的布置相互并排和上下地固定。
现在平面的通过固化的粘结剂结合的长丝股的冷却也优选在压制装置中进行。在离开连续的压制装置时,存在一种厚度为0.15-0.4mm的平行长丝形成的平面铺置片(单向铺置,下面称为“UD铺置”)。
铺置片在需要的情形下可以拆分成宽度为20-60mm的带,以更好地操作。
这种UD铺置片或带现在根据长度切割成其宽度相应于所希望的纤维束宽度的条。优选地,这是借助于一个切割辊或多个并排布置的切割辊进行的。也可以将该铺置片或带在尚未完全固化的状态下通过在带通路中张紧的金属丝切割成条。
这些条直接输送到优选连续运行的切断装置并切割成希望长度的片段(纤维束)。但是也可以在具有其它速度的与条的切割分开的方法中进行切断。为此目的,将切割到选择的宽度的条卷绕到线轴上并运送到切断装置。条连续切断到希望的长度优选使用切割辊进行。
如此获得的纤维束显示出确定的均匀的长度、宽度和厚度。纤维束厚度,即上下放置的纤维层的尺寸,在将长丝股压制成铺置片时进行调整。纤维束宽度,即垂直于纤维方向的由在纤维层中平行并排放置的纤维数目确定的尺寸,在铺置片或带切割成条时进行调整。纤维束长度,即纤维方向的尺寸,在条切断为片段(纤维束)时进行调整。
如此制备的纤维束的至少90%具有的长度是平均长度的90-110%,和具有的宽度是平均宽度的90-110%。
如此获得的纤维束显示出很好的操作性,它是可倾倒和可流动的,并且容易与其它组分混合成较均匀的模塑材料。在束内纤维通过形状稳定地固化的粘结剂结合在一起,使得束在进一步加工时不会分裂和纤维在束内以其平行的空间布置而固定。
对于本发明的方法特别合适的是厚度为0.15-0.4mm,长度为6-15mm和宽度为0.5-3.5mm的纤维束。优选细纤维束,即厚度低(尽可能只有一个纤维层)和宽度小(最多1mm),因为由此可以实现纤维在模塑材料中特别均匀的分布,和从而模塑材料相当均匀的厚度和模制体特别均匀的组织结构。模制体的组织结构越均匀,负荷下出毛病的可能性越小。
纤维束与一种可碳化的基质形成剂和任选地助剂混合成模塑材料。
可碳化的基质形成剂理解为是含有碳的聚合物材料,例如树脂,它在非氧化性气氛中加热时形成基本上由碳组成的热解残余物。可碳化的基质形成剂可以作为粉末状的干燥树脂或作为湿树脂存在。特别适合作为基质形成剂的是酚醛树脂。模塑材料中纤维束的质量基含量为70-80%。如果使用干燥树脂作为基质形成剂,则混合过程可以在一个倾斜转鼓混合器中进行。使用湿树脂时,需要密切的充分混合,如使用Eirich混合器可以取得的。
通过纤维束中将平行并排放置的纤维结合在一起的形状稳定地固化的粘结剂,实现了纤维束在与基质形成剂混合时不散开。因此保证了模塑材料中的纤维束具有基本上均一的确定的长度、宽度和厚度。
需要时,可以向模塑材料状掺入助剂,例如碳化硅,以改善摩擦性能,和抑制氧化的物质例如碳化锆,碳化钽或硼化钽,它们在碰到氧气时通过形成玻璃而抑制氧化侵蚀。模塑材料中助剂的质量基含量总共为最高10%。
根据本发明方法的一个有利进一步发展,在模塑材料制备之前首先将在纤维束中包含的可碳化的粘结剂进行碳化,或者另外将粘结剂在UD铺置中在束切割之前进行碳化。如此获得的束包括通过碳化的粘结剂结合在一起的平行定向的碳纤维。由于碳化时发生粘结剂体积缩小,该束是相对开孔的,并因此可以直接接收进一步的可碳化基质形成剂。可碳化的基质形成剂理解为是含有碳的聚合物材料,例如酚醛树脂,它在非氧化性条件下加热时形成一种基本上由碳组成的热解残余物。
为了阻止浸渍纤维束由于其表面上粘附的树脂而相互粘结,浸渍有利地在一个机械产生的流化床中进行。这可以借助于叶片式混合器产生。在其过程中,碳纤维束首先在以Froude数小于1混合的情况下预热到用于树脂固化或干燥足够的温度。接着,在Froude数快速升高到1.5-4,优选最大2.5的值的情况下将树脂计量加入,在其混入后将流化床在Froude数小于1下保持直到树脂完全固化或干燥,使得纤维束不再相互粘结。
在这种浸渍中,由通过碳化的粘结剂结合在一起的平行定向的碳纤维形成的束可以吸收最高为其原有质量35%的可碳化基质形成剂。
浸渍过程的其它细节在同一申请人于同一天递交的发明名称为“碳纤维的浸渍方法”的专利申请中获知。
从浸渍的纤维束、可碳化的基质形成剂和任选地助剂以前面所述的方式和方法制备模塑材料。
从模塑材料借助于接近最终轮廓设计的压制模具制备具有所希望的形状,例如具有刹车片形状的坯料型体。压机典型地使用1.5-5N/mm2的压力在120-200℃的温度下进行。优选地使用热挤压机。在完全固化后,脱去模具并取出接近最终轮廓的坯料型体。
在下一步骤中,可碳化的基质形成剂在坯料型体中转化为碳基质,从而获得一种碳化的模制体。为此,将坯料型体在保护气氛下,即在非氧化性条件下缓慢地加热到基质形成剂热解成基本上由碳组成的残余物的温度,并在该温度下保持一定时间。加热必须足够缓慢,以避免由于气态热解产物突然释放而在模制体中形成裂纹。典型地,以1K/min的速度加热到900℃的温度,然后保持大约1小时。随后,型体再缓慢地冷却到室温。在碳化时,模制体由于从基质形成剂中裂解出气态热解产物而经历了质量损失和相应地孔隙度增加。典型地,碳化模制体的密度约为1.3-1.45 g/cm3。为了补偿质量损失,碳化的模制体可以用可碳化的基质形成剂(树脂或沥青)进一步浸渍和然后重新碳化。
碳化的模制体可以进行机械后加工,只要需要的话。例如,对于刹车片可以塑造出冷却槽或增加孔。
但是也可以借助于消失型芯在制备坯料型体时就进行这样的成型。在压制工艺中借助于消失型芯制备含有空腔的模制体属于现有技术,消失型芯的外周尺寸相应于要制备的空腔的尺寸并放到模塑材料中要制备的空腔的位置。型芯由一种在压制温度下几乎无残留地被热分解并因此留下所希望的空腔的材料组成。
多孔的碳化模制体通过借助于化学气相渗入法(CVI)沉积碳基质而进一步压实,使得其密度升高到1.6-1.8g/cm3的值。借助于化学气相渗入法(CVI)沉积碳的该方法属于现有技术。一种合适的碳供体气体是甲烷。
如果纤维束在混入模塑材料中之前用一种可碳化的基质形成剂浸渍,使得获得一种致密的坯料型体,则用于借助于CVI进一步压实所需要的时间花费可以减少大约10-30%。另外,用一种可碳化的基质形成剂进一步浸渍碳化的模制体并随后碳化起到可比地缩短进行CVI所需的时间的作用。
纤维束在本发明制备的模制体中的取向可以是随机的,即无规地分布。如果型体在所有空间方向上经受一个近乎均匀的负荷的话,这是特别优选的。
但是,对于在一定方向上经历特别负荷的模制体,希望纤维束具有适合负荷的取向。这可以通过简单的措施在含有纤维束的模塑材料填充到压制模具中时实现,例如通过使用填充栅格。对于刹车片来说,优选的是将纤维束相应于出现的拉伸负荷在切向方向上布置。为此,使用一种含有多个同心布置的环的填充栅格。
实施例
接着,例如借助于刹车片的制备解释本发明方法的一种变型。
制备纤维束
分别包括50,000根几乎平行的单根长丝的碳纤维股用酚醛树脂(Hexion公司的Norsophen 1203)浸渍,使得生成一种质量基树脂含量为35%和面积重量为320g/m2的预浸渍体。
该预浸渍体连续地以1m/min的速度在1MPa(10巴)压力下在带式压机上于180℃的温度下压实成厚度为200μm的铺置片并同时固化到获得形状稳定的铺置片的程度。
该UD铺置片随后拆分成宽度分别为50mm的单个带。将该带如上所述切断为长度9.4mm和宽度1mm的片段(纤维束)。
制备模塑材料
2400g纤维束转移到斜盘式转轴混合机中并倾倒上600g粉末树脂(Hexion公司的酚醛树脂SP227,作为可碳化的基质形成剂),相互混合5分钟。
制备坯料型体
压制模具的填充过程如图1中所示意表示。压制模具1的空腔相应于要制备的刹车片的几何形状,用含有纤维束3的模塑材料填充。为了实现纤维束3优选的切向定向,使用包括多个同心环的填充栅格2,其间距小于或等于纤维束3的长度。图2示意表示如何在压制模具1上布置填充栅格2。填充时,含有纤维束3的模塑材料下落通过填充栅格2的同心环之间的中间空间,和纤维束3呈现了图3所示意表示的基本上切向的布置。填充的压制模具在热挤压机上经受4.0N/mm2的压力和160℃的温度30分钟并随后脱模。在压制过程中酚醛树脂完全固化。获得刹车片形状的接近最终轮廓的坯料型体。
碳化
坯料型体在保护气体炉中在氮气氛下以1K/min的加热速度加热到900℃的温度。在此过程中酚醛树脂分解为基本上由碳组成的残余物。该温度保持1小时。然后碳化的模制体冷却到室温。
通过CVI的进一步压实
在多孔的碳化模制体中通过化学气相渗入法(CVI)沉积碳基质。CVI在1100℃下用甲烷作为碳供体进行。通过碳沉积,碳化的模制体的密度从1.3g/cm3升高到1.8g/cm3。
刹车片的表征
在摆动载荷测试台上测定摩擦值μ=0.5-0.6。通过纤维束的切向取向,在弯曲试验中测定的刹车片强度相比于纤维束随机分布的刹车片提高了12-20%。
Claims (21)
1.由用碳纤维束增强的碳基质制备模制体的方法,包括下列步骤:
-制备或提供由通过形状稳定地固化的可碳化粘结剂结合在一起的平行定向的碳纤维形成的束,其中该束具有针对性调整的确定的长度、宽度和厚度,
-通过将纤维束、可碳化的基质形成剂和任选的助剂混合制备模塑材料,
-通过将模塑材料在接近最终轮廓的压制模具中在升高的温度下压制,同时固化可碳化的基质形成剂,接着脱模,制备接近最终轮廓的坯料型体,
-将坯料型体碳化成碳化的模制体,
-将碳化的模制体进行机械后处理,如果需要
-通过将碳基质借助于CVI方法沉积而压实碳化的模制体。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在第一步骤中制备或提供的纤维束中的粘结剂是碳化的,并且纤维束在制备模塑材料之前在机械产生的流化床中用可碳化的基质形成剂进一步浸渍。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,纤维束的制备包括下列步骤:
-将至少一个包括大量平行的碳纤维长丝的长丝股用可碳化的粘结剂浸渍,使得获得预浸渍体,
-将至少一个浸渍长丝股或多个平行布置的浸渍长丝股压制成由平行取向的长丝形成的具有确定厚度的铺置片(UD铺置),其中粘结剂通过热处理固化,使得获得确定厚度的形状稳定的铺置片,
-将任选地折分成单个带的UD铺置片切割为具有确定宽度和长度的片段(纤维束)。
4.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,纤维束的厚度调整为0.15-0.4mm,纤维束的长度调整为6-15mm和纤维束的宽度调整为0.5-3.5mm。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其特征在于,纤维束的宽度为1mm。
6.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,可碳化的基质形成剂是一种酚醛树脂。
7.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,模塑材料中纤维束的质量基含量为70-80%。
8.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,模塑材料含有最大10%的质量基含量的助剂。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其特征在于,含有下列助剂中的至少一种:摩擦助剂例如碳化硅,抑制氧化性的物质例如碳化锆、碳化钽或硼化钽。
10.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,模塑材料通过填充栅格填充到压制模具中,使得纤维束呈现被填充栅格预定的定向。
11.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,坯料型体的制备借助于接近最终轮廓设计的压制模具在1.5-5N/mm2的压力和120-200℃的温度下在热挤压机中进行。
12.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,碳化的模制体在化学气相渗入之前用可碳化的基质形成剂进一步浸渍并然后再碳化。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,用于碳化的模制体进一步浸渍的碳化基质形成剂是一种树脂或沥青。
14.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,在化学气相渗入时使用甲烷作为碳供体。
15.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,模制体是刹车片。
16.根据权利要求15的方法,其特征在于,模塑材料通过含有多个同心环的填充栅格填充到压制模具中,使得纤维束呈现切向定向。
17.由用碳纤维束增强的碳形成的模制体,其碳基质包括可碳化的基质形成剂的热解残余物和借助于化学气相渗入法(CVI)沉积的碳,其特征在于,碳纤维存在于具有针对性调整的确定尺寸的束中,其中束厚度调整为0.15-0.4mm,束长度调整为6-15mm和束宽度调整为0.5-3.5mm,并且束中的碳纤维平行定向。
18.根据权利要求书17的模制体,其特征在于,纤维束的宽度为1mm。
19.根据权利要求书17或18的模制体,其特征在于,模制体中纤维束的取向是随机的。
20.根据权利要求书17或18的模制体,其特征在于,模制体中的纤维束相应于模制体的负载方向而定向。
21.根据权利要求书17或18的模制体,其特征在于,模制体是纤维束在其中设切向布置的刹车片。
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EP06007572.8 | 2006-04-11 | ||
EP06007572.8A EP1845075B1 (de) | 2006-04-11 | 2006-04-11 | Formkörper aus carbonfaserverstärktem Kohlenstoff und ein Verfahren zur deren Herstellung |
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US (2) | US20080176067A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1845075B1 (zh) |
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Cited By (3)
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CN102492289A (zh) * | 2011-11-14 | 2012-06-13 | 丹阳丹金航空材料科技有限公司 | 一种碳纤维增强复合材料及其制备工艺 |
CN103009497A (zh) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-04-03 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 波纹碳纤维预制体的制备方法和包含它的碳-碳复合材料 |
CN105715719A (zh) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-29 | 北京科技大学 | 一种高导热半金属刹车片 |
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KR101336101B1 (ko) * | 2010-11-29 | 2013-12-03 | 주식회사 데크 | 탄소-세라믹 브레이크 디스크 및 이를 만드는 방법 |
EP2727896B1 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2019-04-10 | Brembo SGL Carbon Ceramic Brakes GmbH | Process of manufacturing a brake disc assembly |
US11655871B2 (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2023-05-23 | Goodrich Corporation | Composites and methods of forming composites via pitch infiltration |
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GB1460876A (en) * | 1975-01-03 | 1977-01-06 | Coal Ind | Carbon artefacts |
US4297307A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-10-27 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for producing carbon-carbon fiber composites suitable for use as aircraft brake discs |
FR2643656B1 (fr) * | 1989-02-27 | 1992-02-14 | Brochier Sa | Structure textile en forme de spirale, procede d'obtention et machine a tisser correspondante |
EP0459916B1 (fr) * | 1990-05-10 | 1995-04-12 | Le Carbone Lorraine | Eléments de friction en matériau composite carbone-carbone à texture différentielle, procédés et dispositifs pour les fabriquer |
JPH05148062A (ja) * | 1991-11-25 | 1993-06-15 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 炭素材料の製造方法 |
US5437821A (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1995-08-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Process for making carbon-carbon composites by using acetylene terminated conjugated Schiff's base monomers |
US5744075A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1998-04-28 | Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. | Method for rapid fabrication of fiber preforms and structural composite materials |
ATE333054T1 (de) * | 2000-02-09 | 2006-08-15 | Freni Brembo Spa | Bremsscheibe für eine scheibenbremse |
ATE267350T1 (de) * | 2000-02-09 | 2004-06-15 | Freni Brembo Spa | Geformtes verbundmaterial für bremsen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US6691393B2 (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2004-02-17 | Honeywell International Inc. | Wear resistance in carbon fiber friction materials |
DE10164226C5 (de) * | 2001-12-31 | 2011-04-14 | Audi Ag | Formkörper aus faserverstärkten keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
DE10341734A1 (de) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-04-07 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Zylinderringförmige Körper aus mit Kurzfasern verstärktem keramischen Verbundmaterial |
US20050074595A1 (en) * | 2003-10-03 | 2005-04-07 | Lam Robert C. | Friction material containing partially carbonized carbon fibers |
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Cited By (5)
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CN103009497A (zh) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-04-03 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 波纹碳纤维预制体的制备方法和包含它的碳-碳复合材料 |
CN102492289A (zh) * | 2011-11-14 | 2012-06-13 | 丹阳丹金航空材料科技有限公司 | 一种碳纤维增强复合材料及其制备工艺 |
CN102492289B (zh) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-08-28 | 丹阳丹金航空材料科技有限公司 | 一种碳纤维增强复合材料及其制备工艺 |
CN105715719A (zh) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-29 | 北京科技大学 | 一种高导热半金属刹车片 |
CN105715719B (zh) * | 2016-03-21 | 2018-02-02 | 北京科技大学 | 一种高导热半金属刹车片 |
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US10336655B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 |
US20170015594A1 (en) | 2017-01-19 |
CN101055008B (zh) | 2011-06-01 |
US20080176067A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
EP1845075B1 (de) | 2016-04-06 |
EP1845075A1 (de) | 2007-10-17 |
JP2007277087A (ja) | 2007-10-25 |
JP5096031B2 (ja) | 2012-12-12 |
KR20070101177A (ko) | 2007-10-16 |
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