CN100556866C - A kind of humic acid control-releasing fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of humic acid control-releasing fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100556866C CN100556866C CNB2008101396104A CN200810139610A CN100556866C CN 100556866 C CN100556866 C CN 100556866C CN B2008101396104 A CNB2008101396104 A CN B2008101396104A CN 200810139610 A CN200810139610 A CN 200810139610A CN 100556866 C CN100556866 C CN 100556866C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of humic acid control-releasing fertilizer, its total coating rate 3-20%wt is following prepared: the first step: with the granulated fertilizer preheating, add Resins, epoxy and solidifying agent thereof; Second step: humic acid solid film material is spread on the fertiliser granulates of motion, continue heating and keep temperature, under the effect of Resins, epoxy and solidifying agent thereof, after 3-6 minute, humic acid solid film material is wrapping on the granulated fertilizer of motion, form shock resistance, attrition resistant coating layer, finish coating one time; The 3rd step: repeat first and second step in order repeatedly, all be wrapped on the fertiliser granulates until humic acid solid film material, coating layer solidifies, and makes the humic acid controlled release fertilizer that controlled release phase 1-12 did not wait in individual month.The present invention can improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduces widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, strengthens the resistance of plant, improves crop quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the controlled-release fertilizer production technical field, specifically relate to a kind of humic acid membrane wrapping control-releasing fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Humic acids is the mixture of a kind of natural macromolecular aromatic series, hydroxycarboxylic acid, and principal element is formed carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.The various active group that humic acids has (carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl group, alcoholic extract hydroxyl group, methoxyl group etc.) has been given its multiple function, as acidity, wetting ability, sun from exchangeability, complex ability and higher adsorptive power etc., just be based on this specific character of humic acids, relevant its research is paid close attention to by people always, and its result of use has also been done a large amount of research.
Humic acids extensively is present in weathered coal, the brown coal, 19 th century later abroad someone begin to use humic acids, domesticly take to humic acids in particularly fertilizer manufacturing and transform research aspect the soil of agricultural from the sixties in last century, it not only can improve Soil structure, and is the catalyzer and the stimulant of plant growth.The weathered coal reserves of China are abundant, and widely distributed, and free humic acids content reaches more than 50% in the weathered coal on ground such as Datong, Xinjiang, the Inner Mongol, Yunnan, and resource of humic acid is in liberal supply, and therefore developing weathered coal resource has broad application prospect.
China's chemical fertilizer consumption amount accounts for 20~30% of world Fertilizer total quantity consumed, ranks first in the world, and developed country's chemical fertilizer this season utilization ratio average out to 50~60%, China's chemical fertilizer this season utilization ratio on average only is 30~35%.The loss waste of macronutrient not only brings enormous economic loss to society, but also can cause serious environmental to pollute.Improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce rate of fertilizer application, save the fertilising labor force, seem particularly important, slow/controlled release fertilizer makes it to absorb basic synchronised with crop nutrition content by the regulation and control to the nutrient release rate, can improve the fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio greatly, reduces widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, meet the requirement of national sustainable development strategy, so sustained-controll-release fertiliser has become one of main direction of 21 century fertilizer industry development.
At present, the research of thermoplastic resin and thermohardening resin coated controlled-release fertilizer has both at home and abroad developed into a higher height, and Technology reaches its maturity, and the nutrient controlled release properties is good, the problem that production cost is high has obtained preliminary solution, but still has bigger room for improvement; Existing research report, adopt clay mineral, trade waste pressed powder to utilize the liquid-containing binder Wrapped fertilizer to make controlled release fertilizer, though this kind method has reached the purpose that reduces production costs, but owing to do not use solidifying agent, cause product anti-impact force, wear resistance lower, on the other hand, owing to use a large amount of clay minerals, trade waste, cause the fertile available nutrient content of controlled release of making on the low side.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of humic acid control-releasing fertilizer.
Two of purpose of the present invention provides the preparation method of this controlled release fertilizer.
Humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of the present invention, be to coat the humic acid solid film on granulated fertilizer nuclear core, total coating rate is 3-20%wt, and described humic acid solid film material is weathered coal, brown coal or the two mixture, its granularity is 0.08~0.25mm, and described humic acid solid film is the 1-5 layer.
According to the controlled release requirement of fertile controlled release phase, determine the coating number of plies, the coating number of plies more many controlled releases phase long more, humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of the present invention can be realized controlled release phase 1-12 month.
The preparation method of humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of the present invention comprises that step is as follows:
1: in encapsulation tool, quantitative granulated fertilizer is preheated to 60~70 ℃, add Resins, epoxy and solidifying agent, Resins, epoxy and hardener dose account for 0.3~1% of granulated fertilizer weight, wherein solidifying agent accounts for 8~12% of weight epoxy, forms the binding agent liquid layer on the fertiliser granulates surface of motion;
2: humic acid solid film material is sprayed on the fertiliser granulates of motion, humic acid solid film material usage quantity accounts for 2~10% of granulated fertilizer weight, continue heating and keep 60~70 ℃ of temperature, under the effect of Resins, epoxy and solidifying agent, be wrapping on the granulated fertilizer of motion through 3~6 minutes humic acid solid film materials, form shock resistance, attrition resistant coating layer, finish coating one time;
3: repeat above-mentioned steps 1 and step 2 many times in order, all be wrapped on the fertiliser granulates until humic acid solid film material, coating layer solidifies, and makes humic acid controlled release fertilizer.
Above-mentioned solidifying agent can be selected this area product for use, and preferred solidifying agent is epoxy curing agent T-31, triethylene tetramine or methyl tetrahydro phthalic anhydride.
Preferably, granulated fertilizer is preheated to 65~70 ℃ in the step 1, adds Resins, epoxy and hardener dose and accounts for 0.5~1% of granulated fertilizer weight, and wherein solidifying agent accounts for 10~12% of weight epoxy.
Preferably, humic acid solid film material usage quantity accounts for the 2-5% of granulated fertilizer weight in the step 2, continues heating and keeps 65~70 ℃ of temperature.
Described humic acids solid film material is weathered coal, brown coal or the two mixture, and its granularity is 0.08~0.25mm.
Described granulated fertilizer is this area particle fertilizer commonly used; as granular urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, primary ammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, nitrophosphate fertilizer or other particles compound (mixing) fertilizer, described encapsulation tool can be granulating disc, rotary drum and fluidized-bed etc.
The production technique of controlled release fertilizer of the present invention can determine to repeat the number of times of first, second step according to controlled release phase demand, and the controlled release phase is long more, and multiplicity is many more.As required, make the humic acid controlled release fertilizer that controlled release phase 1-12 did not wait in individual month.The present invention is main coated fertilizer with weathered coal, brown coal, production technique is simple, can reduce the production cost of coating controlled-release fertilizer significantly, helps controlled release fertilizer applying agriculturally, owing to the use of weathered coal, brown coal, humic acid controlled release fertilizer of the present invention also possesses following excellent results in addition:
1, controlled release fertilizer product nutrient content of the present invention is higher, and coating layer shock resistance, wear resistance are strong.
2, improvement low productive soil physical and chemical character, humic acids can activate nutrient, increases the content of soil with organic matter, quick-acting nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, and the solid, liquid, gas of improving in the soil three are compared.
3, the microflora in the increase soil alleviates the heavy metal in soil ionic and pollutes, and slows down poisoning.
4, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, strengthen the resistance of plant, improve crop quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the nutrient cumulative release graphic representation of 100 days humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of controlled release (40-0-0) in 25 ℃ of water.
Embodiment
Describe the technical scheme that the present invention proposes in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but be not limited thereto.
Humic acid control-releasing fertilizer among each embodiment, all be to coat the humic acid solid film on granulated fertilizer nuclear core, total coating rate is 3-20%wt, and described humic acid solid film material is weathered coal, brown coal or the two mixture, its granularity is 0.08~0.25mm, and described humic acid solid film is the 1-5 layer.Employed granulated fertilizer is the commercially available prod, and the numeral in the bracket of the fertile title of particle back is followed successively by the content of N, P, K, and this belongs to this area and indicates.
Embodiment 1, the humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of 7 months controlled release phases of preparation.
Weighing diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) granulated fertilizer 500kg, in granulating disc, be preheated to 60 ℃, 1.38kg Resins, epoxy and 0.12kg epoxy curing agent T-31 (Tianjin Yan Hai chemistry company limited produces and sells) are mixed on the fertiliser granulates that is added to motion, along with fertiliser granulates constantly moves, form the bonding liquid layer on its surface, weathered coal after the air-dry pulverizing of load weighted 10kg is spread on the fertilizer in the granulating disc, continue heating and keep 60 ℃ of temperature, continuous rotation along with tablets press, the weathered coal powder evenly is wrapped in the fertilizer surface, is curable film-forming after about 6 minutes; According to the coated fertilizer amount of above-mentioned weighing, on the 500kg diammonium phosphate fertilizer, repeat to wrap up 3 times again, can make the about 9%wt of total coating rate, the humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of 7 months controlled release phases, after the cooling, the packing warehouse-in.
Embodiment 2, the humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of 9 months controlled release phases of preparation.
Lion horse board composite fertilizer of weighing BASF Aktiengesellschaft (15-15-15) granulated fertilizer 500kg, in granulating disc, be preheated to 65 ℃, 2.25kg Resins, epoxy and 0.25kg triethylene tetramine are mixed on the fertiliser granulates that is added to motion, along with fertiliser granulates constantly moves, form the bonding liquid layer on its surface, weathered coal after the air-dry pulverizing of load weighted 15kg is spread on the fertilizer in the granulating disc, continue heating and keep 70 ℃ of temperature, continuous rotation along with tablets press, the weathered coal powder evenly is wrapped in the fertilizer surface, is curable film-forming after about 5 minutes; According to the coated fertilizer amount of above-mentioned weighing, on 500kg lion horse board 15-15-15 fertilizer, repeat to wrap up 3 times again, can make the about 12%wt of total coating rate, the humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of 9 months controlled release phases, after the cooling, the packing warehouse-in.
Embodiment 3, the humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of 9 months controlled release phases of preparation.
Weighing 46-0-0 granular urea 1000kg; in rotary drum, be preheated to 70 ℃; 4.5kg Resins, epoxy and 0.5kg T-31 are mixed on the fertiliser granulates that is added to motion; along with fertiliser granulates constantly moves; form the bonding liquid layer on its surface; brown coal after the air-dry pulverizing of load weighted 100kg are spread on the fertilizer in the granulating disc; continue heating and keep 65 ℃ of temperature; continuous rotation along with tablets press; the weathered coal powder evenly is wrapped in the fertilizer surface; after about 5 minutes is curable film-forming, can make the about 11%wt of total coating rate; the humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of 9 months controlled release phases, cooling back packing warehouse-in.
Embodiment 4, the humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of 12 months controlled release phases of preparation.
Weighing 46-0-0 granular urea 1000kg, in rotary drum, be preheated to 70 ℃, 8.8kg Resins, epoxy and 1.2kg triethylene tetramine are mixed on the fertiliser granulates that is added to motion, along with fertiliser granulates constantly moves, form the bonding liquid layer on its surface, weathered coal after the air-dry pulverizing of load weighted 50kg is spread on the fertilizer in the granulating disc, continue heating and keep 68 ℃ of temperature, continuous rotation along with tablets press, the weathered coal powder evenly is wrapped in the fertilizer surface, is curable film-forming after about 3 minutes; According to the coated fertilizer amount of above-mentioned weighing, on the 1000kg granular urea, repeat to wrap up 2 times again, can make the about 18%wt of total coating rate, the humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of 12 months controlled release phases, cooling back packing warehouse-in.
Embodiment 5, the humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of 11 months controlled release phases of preparation.
Weighing 46-0-0 granular urea 1000kg; in rotary drum, be preheated to 70 ℃; 9.1kg Resins, epoxy and 0.9kgT-31 are mixed on the fertiliser granulates that is added to motion; along with fertiliser granulates constantly moves; form the bonding liquid layer on its surface; brown coal after the air-dry pulverizing of load weighted 60kg are spread on the fertilizer in the granulating disc; continue heating and keep 70 ℃ of temperature; continuous rotation along with tablets press; the weathered coal powder evenly is wrapped in the fertilizer surface, is curable film-forming after about 5 minutes, repeats coating again 1 time; can make the about 14%wt of total coating rate; the humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of 11 months controlled release phases, cooling back packing warehouse-in.
The test example
The concrete effect of this product humic acid coating controlled-release fertilizer is described with test below:
(1) test materials and design
Test is located at Linyi City Hedong District Tang He town, Shandong Province, is rice cultivation many decades periodical water-logging type rice soil for examination soil, and cropping pattern is that rice wheat two is ripe.
For examination fertilizer is 100 days humic acid membrane wrapping control-releasing urea of controlled release (nitrogen content is 40%), and phosphate fertilizer is P
2O
5〉=14% calcium superphosphate, potash fertilizer are moral home-made K
2The Repone K of O 〉=60%.Common fertilizer treatment purity nitrogen 400kg/hm
2, controlled release fertilizer is established two processing, executes purity nitrogen 300kg/hm respectively
2(controlled release fertilizer 1) and 200kg/hm
2(controlled release fertilizer 2), according to local peasant apply fertilizer custom common urea, coated release-controlled urea, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer all pouring water before disposable base execute, and rake soil covers about 10cm, carries out water and harrow (harrowing about dark 10cm) before the back rice transplanting of pouring water.For facing rice No. ten, is 20cm * 20cm according to locality custom density of transplants for the rice varieties that tries the water, every cave 3-5 seedling, every seedling 1-3 tiller.
(2) interpretation of result sees table 1 for details
Table 1 different fertilization rice yield relatively
Handle | Reduce amount of application (%) than common fertilizer | Than common fertilizer stimulation ratio (%) | Effect assessment |
|
0 | 0 | Utilization rate of fertilizer is low, and suggestion increases fertilizer application frequency or uses new-type fertilizer. |
Controlled release fertilizer 1 | 25 | 18.9 | Effect of increasing production is obvious, and input cost is high slightly, and is time saving and energy saving, can promote. |
Controlled release fertilizer 2 | 50 | 7.2 | Effect of increasing production is better, and less investment is time saving and energy saving, is worthy to be popularized. |
Fig. 1 is the nutrient release profiles of 100 days humic acid control-releasing fertilizer of controlled release (40-0-0) in 25 ℃ of water.Thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping control-releasing fertilizer of the present invention as can be seen has good deenergized period, has well played controlled-release function.
Humic acid control-releasing fertilizer product of the present invention meets the national sustained-controll-release fertiliser HG/T3931-2007 industry standard that played enforcement on October 1st, 2007, improving crop yield, reducing aspects such as coating controlled-release fertilizer production cost and raising controlled-release effect, obtained outstanding technique effect.
Should be pointed out that embodiment is the more representational example of the present invention, obvious technical scheme of the present invention is not limited to the foregoing description, and a lot of distortion can also be arranged.Those of ordinary skill in the art, with the present invention clear and definite disclosed or according to undoubted the obtaining of the written description of file, all should think the claimed scope of this patent.
Claims (4)
1. humic acid control-releasing fertilizer, it is characterized in that, be on granulated fertilizer nuclear core, to coat the humic acid solid film, total coating rate is 3-20%wt, described humic acid solid film material is weathered coal, brown coal or the two mixture, its granularity is 0.08~0.25mm, and described humic acid solid film is the 1-5 layer, and the preparation method comprises the steps:
A: in encapsulation tool, quantitative granulated fertilizer is preheated to 60~70 ℃, add Resins, epoxy and solidifying agent, Resins, epoxy and hardener dose account for 0.3~1% of granulated fertilizer weight, wherein solidifying agent accounts for 8~12% of weight epoxy, forms the binding agent liquid layer on the fertiliser granulates surface of motion;
B: humic acid solid film material is sprayed on the fertiliser granulates of motion, humic acid solid film material usage quantity accounts for 2~10% of granulated fertilizer weight, continue heating and keep 60~70 ℃ of temperature, under the effect of Resins, epoxy and solidifying agent, be wrapping on the granulated fertilizer of motion through 3~6 minutes humic acid solid film materials, form shock resistance, attrition resistant coating layer, finish coating one time;
C: repeat above-mentioned steps a and step b many times in order, all be wrapped on the fertiliser granulates until humic acid solid film material, coating layer solidifies, and makes humic acid controlled release fertilizer.
2. humic acid control-releasing fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described solidifying agent is epoxy curing agent T-31, triethylene tetramine or methyl tetrahydro phthalic anhydride.
3. humic acid control-releasing fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, granulated fertilizer is preheated to 65~70 ℃ among the step a, adds Resins, epoxy and hardener dose and accounts for 0.5~1% of granulated fertilizer weight, and wherein solidifying agent accounts for 10~12% of weight epoxy.
4. humic acid control-releasing fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, humic acid solid film material usage quantity accounts for the 2-5% of granulated fertilizer weight among the step b, continues heating and keeps 65~70 ℃ of temperature.
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