CN100539398C - Frequency mixer - Google Patents
Frequency mixer Download PDFInfo
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- CN100539398C CN100539398C CNB2004100579222A CN200410057922A CN100539398C CN 100539398 C CN100539398 C CN 100539398C CN B2004100579222 A CNB2004100579222 A CN B2004100579222A CN 200410057922 A CN200410057922 A CN 200410057922A CN 100539398 C CN100539398 C CN 100539398C
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A kind of frequency mixer has: a frequency mixing module is used for mixing one first group of differential wave and one second group of differential wave to produce a mixed signal; One common-mode voltage generator is coupled to this frequency mixing module, is used for detecting the common-mode voltage of this frequency mixing module; And a compensating module, be coupled to this common-mode voltage generator and this frequency mixing module, be used for compensating the operating point skew of a plurality of conversioning transistors in this frequency mixing module according to this common-mode voltage.This frequency mixing module includes a plurality of conversioning transistors and a current/voltage converter in addition, and wherein, this common-mode voltage generator is to detect this common-mode voltage according to this first group of differential current signal.And this compensating module includes in addition: a bias circuit, a voltage combiner circuit and a plurality of bias unit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to upconverter or frequency demultiplier in a kind of communication system, particularly a kind of self-compensating formula frequency mixer.
Background technology
Upconverter or frequency demultiplier in the general communication system have frequency mixer (mixer), and passive type frequency mixer (passive mixer) then is the typical case of these frequency mixers.In a passive type frequency mixer, its conversioning transistor operates in non-saturated region (non-saturation region).Because the passive type frequency mixer is specially adapted in receiver (receiver) system of lower-cost direct frequency reducing (direct down conversion), therefore extensively gazed at.
According to known technology, some frequency mixer is owing to having used operational amplifier, so produce more noise accordingly.On the other hand, though some complementary frequency mixer can balanced input signal, can't overcome the influence that processing procedure or variations in temperature cause.Someone advises that the range of linearity of leading (Transconductor) circuit by the electricity that increases frequency mixer increases the mixer linearity degree, but can't overcome the influence to the voltage gain of frequency mixer of processing procedure or variations in temperature.Also the someone proposes to lead to increase the linearity of frequency mixer with the electricity that feedback circuit increases frequency mixer, also faces identical problem.From the above, known technology can't solve the influence to the frequency mixer voltage gain of processing procedure or variations in temperature.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of frequency mixer, to address the above problem.
One of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of frequency mixer, to reduce the influence to the voltage gain of frequency mixer of processing procedure or variations in temperature.
The invention provides a kind of frequency mixer, it has: a frequency mixing module is used for mixing one first group of differential wave and one second group of differential wave to produce a mixed signal; One common-mode voltage generator is coupled to this frequency mixing module, is used for detecting the common-mode voltage (common mode voltage) of this frequency mixing module; And a compensating module, be coupled to this common-mode voltage generator and this frequency mixing module, be used for compensating the operating point skew of a plurality of conversioning transistors in this frequency mixing module according to this common-mode voltage.This frequency mixing module includes in addition: a plurality of conversioning transistors, be used for synthetic this first group of differential wave and this second group of differential wave to produce one first group of differential current signal, an and current/voltage converter, be coupled to this a plurality of conversioning transistors, be used for producing this mixed signal according to this first group of differential current signal.Wherein, this common-mode voltage generator is to detect this common-mode voltage according to this first group of differential current signal.And this compensating module includes in addition: a bias circuit is used for producing a bias voltage; One voltage combiner circuit is coupled to this bias circuit, is used for producing a resultant voltage according to this common-mode voltage and this bias voltage; And a plurality of bias unit, be coupled to these a plurality of conversioning transistors and this voltage combiner circuit respectively, be used for compensating the operating point of those conversioning transistors according to this resultant voltage.
The present invention provides a kind of frequency mixer in addition, it has: a frequency mixing module, be used for mixing one first group of differential wave and one second group of differential wave to produce a mixed signal, wherein, this frequency mixing module is controlled the common-mode voltage of this mixed signal according to one first reference voltage; And a compensating module, be coupled to this frequency mixing module, be used for compensating the operating point skew of a plurality of conversioning transistors in this frequency mixing module according to this first reference voltage.This frequency mixing module includes in addition: a plurality of conversioning transistors, be used for synthetic this first group of differential wave and this second group of differential wave to produce one first group of differential current signal, an and current/voltage converter, be coupled to this a plurality of conversioning transistors, be used for producing this mixed signal according to this first group of differential current signal.And this compensating module includes in addition: a bias circuit is used for producing a bias voltage; One voltage combiner circuit is coupled to this bias circuit, is used for producing a resultant voltage according to this first reference voltage and this bias voltage; And a plurality of bias unit, be coupled to this frequency mixing module and this voltage combiner circuit respectively, be used for compensating the operating point of this frequency mixing module according to this resultant voltage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of self-compensating formula frequency mixer of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram according to one first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram according to one second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram according to one the 3rd embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numeral explanation
| 10 |
| 11 current/ |
| 12,20 |
| 13 bias circuits |
| 14 voltage combiner circuits |
| 15 high |
| 21 common-mode |
| 30,31 |
| 40 common |
| 100 self-compensating formula frequency mixers |
| The 100m frequency mixing module |
| 100d common-mode voltage generator |
| The |
| 101 conversioning transistors |
| 111,112,118,119 inputs |
| The output of 113,114 |
| 115 common- |
| 116 |
| 117 resultant voltages |
| 120,121 |
| 131 |
| 132 reference current sources |
| 211,212 common-mode |
| 213 load resistances |
| 300,301,302 transistors |
| 303 current sources |
| 304 resistance |
| 305,306,401,402 load resistances |
| 307,308 feedback resistances |
| 309,310 |
| 403 differential operational amplifiers |
Embodiment
Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of self-compensating formula frequency mixer 100 of the present invention.Self-compensating formula frequency mixer 100 can be divided into: frequency mixing module 100m, common-mode voltage generator 100d, with compensating module 100c etc. partly, at present embodiment, every group of I/O end (111,112), (113,114), (118,119), with (120,121) on signal be differential wave.Though below be that example describes with the frequency demultiplier, this non-limitation of the present invention.Conversioning transistor circuit 10 among the frequency mixing module 100m has a plurality of conversioning transistors (switching transistor) 101, be used for mixing from input 111 and 112 radiofrequency signals of being imported with from input 118 and 119 composite signals of being imported (synthesizer signal), with one first group of differential current signal of generation on the output 113 and 114 of conversioning transistor circuit 10.Conversioning transistor circuit 10 shown in Figure 1 is a passive frequency mixer (passive mixer), and its operation principles is known by the same trade, so do not give unnecessary details at this.Current/voltage converter 11 among the frequency mixing module 100m then is converted to this first group of differential current signal one first group of differential voltage signal on output 120 and 121, and this first group of differential voltage signal is the above-mentioned radiofrequency signal and the mixed signal of composite signal.
Common-mode voltage generator 100d can directly produce a common-mode voltage (common mode voltage) or detect the output 113 of conversioning transistor 101 and 114 direct voltage, just the average level of the voltage on the output 113 and 114 is claimed common-mode voltage at this.In compensating module 100c, the common-mode voltage 115 that bias voltage 116 and the common-mode voltage generator 100d that voltage combiner circuit 14 superpositions (superpose) bias circuit 13 is exported exported is to produce a resultant voltage 117.And the grid by two bias voltages (baising) unit, 15 bias voltage conversioning transistors 101, the average voltage on the grid 118 and 119 of conversioning transistor 101 can equal resultant voltage 117.Bias unit 15 herein is to be two high impedance bias assemblies, can be two resistance of resistance value R.
As shown in Figure 1, bias circuit 13 has a reference transistor 131 and a reference current source 132, and wherein the grid of transistor 131 is to be coupled to its drain electrode, current source 132 then driving transistors 131 to produce bias voltage 116. Transistor 101 and 131 is all metal-oxide half field effect transistor (MOSFET).Because transistor 101 all has identical characteristic with 131, changes so the grid-source voltage of conversioning transistor 101 will be followed the grid-source voltage one of reference transistor 131.At this, bias voltage 116 is the grid-source voltage of transistor 131, and (gate-to-source voltage Vgs), is by reference current source 132 decision.By compensating module 100c shown in Figure 1, self-compensating formula frequency mixer 100 of the present invention can compensate the operating point skew of the conversioning transistor 101 among the frequency mixing module 100m voluntarily, therefore can solve the influence to the voltage gain of frequency mixer of processing procedure or variations in temperature.
Please note, though transistorized threshold voltage (threshold voltage) Vth can be along with processing procedure or temperature and is changed, but, the grid-source voltage of conversioning transistor 101 changes because can following the grid-source voltage one of reference transistor 131, so (transconductance gm) only can change according to the electric current of reference current source 132 in the transduction of conversioning transistor 101.This current source 132 can use fixing transduction (constant gm) current source.Thus, the transduction of transistor 101 just can not be along with processing procedure or temperature and change, and just keeps certain value, so the voltage gain of passive frequency mixer just can be along with processing procedure or temperature and changed.
Please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram according to the self-compensating formula frequency mixer of one first embodiment of the present invention.The common-mode voltage generator 100d of present embodiment is a common-mode voltage of obtaining output 113 and 114 with the resistance 211 and 212 of two identical resistance values, and with direct voltage buffer 12 these common-mode voltages 115 of output.Be coupled to direct voltage buffer 12 by transistor 131, again with a direct current voltage buffer 20 with grid-source voltage 116 superpositions of common-mode voltage 115 and transistor 131 to produce resultant voltage 117, and export resultant voltage 117 to input 118 and 119 by two resistance 15, can realize the compensating module 100c among Fig. 1.The current/voltage converter 11 of present embodiment is to be a resistance 213, is that industry is known, so do not give unnecessary details its principle.
Please refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram according to the self-compensating formula frequency mixer of one second embodiment of the present invention.The radiofrequency signal of present embodiment is to enter conversioning transistor circuit 10 by input 111 with 112 coupling electric capacity 30 and 31 that exchange that couple respectively.In the present embodiment, current/voltage converter 11 has: two transduction transistors (transconductor transistor) 309 and 310, load resistance (loading resistor) 305 and 306, and feedback resistance (feedback resistor) 307 and 308.Because the symmetry of assembly 305-310 as shown in Figure 3, the total current of the drain electrode of transistor 300 and source electrode of flowing through is the twice of average current of the drain electrode of transduction transistor 309 and source electrode of flowing through, also, select an explanation at this for the twice of average current of the transduction transistor 310 of flowing through.The common-mode voltage generator 100d of present embodiment has a common-mode voltage follow circuit, and it has transistor 301 and 302, and current source 303, and resistance 304 are to form one second current mirror.By the electric current corresponding relation of above-mentioned transistor 300 and 309, resistance in the current/voltage converter 11 305 and transistor 309 be with this common-mode voltage follow circuit in current source 303 form one first current mirror with transistor 302.Because this first, second current mirror has the electric current that corresponds to each other, the average voltage of node A is to be directly proportional with the voltage of Node B.In the present embodiment, the ratio of resistance 304 and 305 resistance value is to set according to need, with the ratio of the voltage of Control Node A and Node B.All the other and this first embodiment repeat part and repeat no more.
Please refer to Fig. 4, Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram according to the self-compensating formula frequency mixer of one the 3rd embodiment of the present invention.The current/voltage converter 11 of present embodiment has: two load resistances 401 and 402, and differential operational amplifier 403, this differential operational amplifier 403 has a common-mode voltage input terminal CM, is used for controlling the common-mode voltage of output signal.In the present embodiment, this common-mode voltage can be imported by the outside and control, and promptly controls by the reference voltage of being imported from common-mode voltage input terminal CM 40.All the other repeat part and repeat no more.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equalizations of being done according to the present patent application claim change and modify, and all should belong to the covering scope of patent of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. frequency mixer comprises:
One frequency mixing module is used for mixing one first group of differential wave and one second group of differential wave to produce a mixed signal, and wherein, this frequency mixing module includes in addition:
A plurality of conversioning transistors are used for synthetic this first group of differential wave and this second group of differential wave producing one first group of differential current signal, and
One current/voltage converter is coupled to this a plurality of conversioning transistors, is used for producing this mixed signal according to this first group of differential current signal;
One common-mode voltage generator is coupled to this frequency mixing module, is used for detecting the common-mode voltage of this frequency mixing module, and wherein, this common-mode voltage generator is to detect this common-mode voltage according to this first group of differential current signal; And
One compensating module is coupled to this common-mode voltage generator and this frequency mixing module, is used for compensating according to this common-mode voltage the operating point of this frequency mixing module, and wherein, this compensating module includes in addition:
One bias circuit is used for producing a bias voltage;
One voltage combiner circuit is coupled to this bias circuit, is used for producing a resultant voltage according to this common-mode voltage and this bias voltage; And
A plurality of bias unit are coupled to these a plurality of conversioning transistors and this voltage combiner circuit respectively, are used for compensating according to this resultant voltage the operating point of those conversioning transistors.。
2. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 1, wherein, this bias circuit includes:
One reference transistor, its grid is coupled to its drain electrode; And
One reference current source is coupled to this reference transistor, is used for driving this reference transistor to produce this bias voltage.
3. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 2, wherein, this reference transistor is corresponding identical in fact characteristics with a plurality of conversioning transistors.
4. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 1, wherein, this common-mode voltage generator includes:
A plurality of common-mode voltage divider resistances are used for this first group of differential current signal is converted to this common-mode voltage.
5. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 1, wherein, this common-mode voltage generator includes:
One common-mode voltage follow circuit, be used for forming one first current mirror, and this common-mode voltage follow circuit includes one second current mirror, wherein with this current/voltage converter, this first current mirror is to be coupled to a plurality of conversioning transistors, and this second current mirror is to be coupled to this compensating module.
6. frequency mixer includes:
One frequency mixing module is used for mixing one first group of differential wave and one second group of differential wave to produce a mixed signal, and wherein, this frequency mixing module foundation one first reference voltage is controlled the common-mode voltage of this mixed signal, and this frequency mixing module includes in addition:
A plurality of conversioning transistors are used for synthetic this first group of differential wave and this second group of differential wave producing one first group of differential current signal, and
One current/voltage converter is coupled to this a plurality of conversioning transistors, is used for producing this mixed signal according to this first group of differential current signal; And
One compensating module is coupled to this frequency mixing module, is used for compensating according to this first reference voltage the operating point skew of this frequency mixing module, and wherein, this compensating module includes in addition:
One bias circuit is used for producing a bias voltage;
One voltage combiner circuit is coupled to this bias circuit, is used for producing a resultant voltage according to this first reference voltage and this bias voltage; And
A plurality of bias unit are coupled to this frequency mixing module and this voltage combiner circuit respectively, are used for compensating according to this resultant voltage the operating point of this frequency mixing module.
7. frequency mixer as claimed in claim 6, wherein, this bias circuit includes:
One reference transistor, its grid is coupled to its drain electrode; And
One reference current source is coupled to this reference transistor, is used for driving this reference transistor to produce this bias voltage;
Wherein, this reference transistor is to be corresponding identical transistor characteristic with a plurality of conversioning transistors of this frequency mixing module.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100579222A CN100539398C (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2004-08-26 | Frequency mixer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100579222A CN100539398C (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2004-08-26 | Frequency mixer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1741369A CN1741369A (en) | 2006-03-01 |
| CN100539398C true CN100539398C (en) | 2009-09-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100579222A Expired - Lifetime CN100539398C (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2004-08-26 | Frequency mixer |
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| CN (1) | CN100539398C (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101154922B (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2010-05-12 | 锐迪科微电子（上海）有限公司 | Down frequency conversion mixer |
| CN101989835B (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2013-04-03 | 晨星软件研发(深圳)有限公司 | Signal processing circuit |
| CN104954035B (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2018-03-30 | 英特尔公司 | Direct-flow biasing circuit and the radio frequency receiver circuitry using direct-flow biasing circuit |
| TWI677184B (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-11-11 | 瑞昱半導體股份有限公司 | Mixer bias circuit |
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2004
- 2004-08-26 CN CNB2004100579222A patent/CN100539398C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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|---|---|
| CN1741369A (en) | 2006-03-01 |
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