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CN1005348B - 屏蔽泵 - Google Patents

屏蔽泵 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1005348B
CN1005348B CN87102185.4A CN87102185A CN1005348B CN 1005348 B CN1005348 B CN 1005348B CN 87102185 A CN87102185 A CN 87102185A CN 1005348 B CN1005348 B CN 1005348B
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pipe
bearing
rotor
pump
cavity
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CN87102185A (zh
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钟醒夏
赵玉珍
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NO 2 RESEARCH DESIGN INST MINISTRY OF NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
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NO 2 RESEARCH DESIGN INST MINISTRY OF NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
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Priority to CN87102185.4A priority Critical patent/CN1005348B/zh
Priority to US07/170,274 priority patent/US4990068A/en
Publication of CN87102185A publication Critical patent/CN87102185A/zh
Publication of CN1005348B publication Critical patent/CN1005348B/zh
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F04D29/046Bearings
    • F04D29/049Roller bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D13/0606Canned motor pumps
    • F04D13/0626Details of the can
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D13/0606Canned motor pumps
    • F04D13/0633Details of the bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D13/0606Canned motor pumps
    • F04D13/064Details of the magnetic circuit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/0077Safety measures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/06Lubrication
    • F04D29/061Lubrication especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08Sealings
    • F04D29/10Shaft sealings
    • F04D29/106Shaft sealings especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F04D29/108Shaft sealings especially adapted for liquid pumps the sealing fluid being other than the working liquid or being the working liquid treated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/60Shafts
    • F05D2240/61Hollow

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于输送特殊流体的非变容式泵,针对公知屏蔽泵轴承寿命较短及不适于输送含微粒液体的不足,研制了一种处于液相工作的轴承能与介质相隔离、能用球轴承作为屏蔽电机的支承、球轴承能用润滑脂和润滑油润滑、润滑油剂和轴承能强制冷却的新型结构,达到了提高泵的整机寿命和满足输送含有微粒液体的要求。

Description

屏蔽泵
本发明涉及用于输送特殊流体的非变容式泵。
屏蔽泵亦称密闭泵,实际是离心泵的特殊形式,只是把电机和泵连为一体,把电机转子和定子用无磁耐腐蚀金属薄套筒密封焊接而成,整个转子体完全浸没于介质之中,构成同外界没有转动密封的全封闭结构。
世界上屏蔽泵的种类很多,如日本日机装株式会社生产的屏蔽泵和美国专利US4115038公开的屏蔽泵。国内外众多文献在赞扬屏蔽泵成就的同时,也不断指出尚需深入研究的课题,诸如:1.非油润滑石墨轴承的寿命问题。屏蔽泵中轴承和轴套是关键部件,因为轴承的磨损会破坏轴承的间隙,导致转子和定子相碰而缩短泵寿命。由于屏蔽泵的轴承必须浸没在介质之中,因此不能使用润滑油脂润滑,只能靠内部循环的介质来润滑和冷却。然而,不是所有的介质都具有润滑性能,相反,多数介质反而具有化学腐蚀能力。此外,还由于冷却水的循环特性,要求轴承承受一定的轴向推力。这些,都迫使人们去研究特殊的轴承材料。目前各国多数采用石墨和堆焊钴铬钨合金作为摩擦副。但石墨轴承承压能力小,且受介质的性能和温度等影响很大,特别是轴承的润滑不是靠油脂,而是靠介质本身。所以,屏蔽泵的轴承寿命问题是个亟待解决的课题(见《原子能工业》399页,原子能出版社,1978年版;《配管技术》(日本)1969,Vol.11,NO7)。2.公知屏蔽泵的液下轴承全部浸没在介质中,因而对被泵送介质的清洁度要求非常苛刻,决定了它不能用于泵送含有微小悬浮颗粒的介质,从而限制了屏蔽泵的使用范围(《Power》1966,V.110No9)。3.公知的屏蔽泵必须安装过滤器、排气阀和轴承磨损监视器等附件。
针对公知屏蔽泵之不足,本发明的目的在于研制出一种比现有屏蔽泵使用寿命长,且能用于泵送含有微小悬浮颗粒的介质,操作方便,易于推广的新型屏蔽泵。
本发明的构思是根据离心泵的电机轴承与泵体是分离的,轴承不接触被泵送的液体,便可得到充分润滑而获得长寿命。因此只要解决了轴承与被泵送液体相分离这个关键问题,又不失屏蔽泵涓滴不漏的特点,就能兼收并蓄屏蔽泵与离心泵各自优点于一体,来达到上述目的。一种由带螺旋密封的空腔转子和竖轴构成的空腔式轴承室,和降低了气封点压力的气封相结合,是解决以上关键问题的最佳结构方案。按照本发明的屏蔽泵,包括泵体[1]、叶轮[15]、定子[2]和转子[4],其中定子[2]和转子[4]用无磁耐腐蚀金属屏蔽套与被泵送的介质相隔离,其特征是:定子[2]的上端设有杯形件[7],它通过三管同心竖轴[6]倒置在空腔转子[4]的顶部,所说的空腔转子[4]是一个上端开口下端封闭的腔体,至少有两副球轴承[3]安装在其内,所说的三管同心竖轴[6]是由三根同心套装的管子和堵头组成,其中的内管[11]一端与外界大气相通,另一端贯通三管同心竖轴[6]与空腔转子[4]之间所形成的轴承室,中管[12]和外管[13]分别与两根进出水管相接,在泵的密封后口环与电机定子腔之间至少有一个节流孔[10],杯形件[7]的外侧和泵吸入口之间设有回流管[5]。
以此方案研制的屏蔽泵,实现了处于液相高度密封体内工作的轴承能与介质相隔离;能用滚动轴承作为屏蔽泵电机转子的支承部件;滚动轴承能用润滑油和润滑脂润滑;润滑油剂和轴承能强制冷却。于是,构成了以油剂润滑球轴承为特征的屏蔽泵。现通过下述附图来进一步说明。
图1本发明的油剂润滑球轴承屏蔽泵的原理图。
图2带气室的三管同心竖轴示意图。
由图1可见,本发明保留了泵体[1]与电机连成一体的优点,在定子[2]上端通过法兰固定一个倒置的杯形件[7],焊在杯形件[7]上的三管同心竖轴[6]上安装一个上端开口,下端封闭的空腔转子[4],三管同心竖轴[6]与空腔转子[4]之间形成了轴承室,至少有两副球轴承[3]安装在轴承室内。根据介质的化学性质,可选择轴承钢轴承、不锈钢轴承和耐酸合金钢轴承。该轴承室也是确保轴承良好润滑和存储干油和稀油的腔体。为了防止油脂从上开口漏泄,在空腔转子[4]的上腔口与三管同心竖轴之间的相对运动部位设置螺旋密封[8],当转子旋转时,螺旋能对密封间隙内的粘性流体产生泵送压头,而阻止油脂外泄。
杯形件[7]与空腔转子[4]之间形成了气室[9],靠气垫密封来阻止少量流经定子腔的液体进入腔式轴承室,并诱导该液体经回流管[5]返回泵的吸入口。为了防止少量飞溅液体进入轴承室,在空腔转子[4]上部外侧的圆柱面上与杯形件[7]之间也同样设置螺旋密封[8]。
为保证气封的可靠性,就必须尽可能地将气封压力加以控制。众所周知,一种气体溶入液体,除了与气体本身性质有关外,还与其气封点的压力成正比。从泵叶轮获得能量的液体是具有正压的液体,有少量从泵的后口环泄漏至A腔中,被起定心辅助支承作用的轴套[14]所阻,大部分从叶轮平衡孔回流,少部分用于冷却电机的液体,经至少一个适当大小的节流孔[10],进入电机定子腔,被泵吸入口的负压所吸引,于是便可得到在气封点的压力几乎等于外界大气压。这时,必须在杯形件[7]的外侧和泵吸入口之间设回流管[5]。所说的回流管[5],一端通过杯形件[7]的外侧环形间隙与转子腔相通,另一端与泵的吸入口负压区相通。
所说的三管同心竖轴[6],是由内管[11]、中管[12]和外管[13]同心套装,并与两端加工出同心台阶的堵头相焊而成(图2)。各管的作用是:外管[13]作为支承带螺旋密封的空腔转子[4]和固定倒置的杯形件[7]。中管[12]分别与内管[11]和外管[13]构成B腔和D腔,当冷却水进入B腔,经中管[12]下端的C孔,流向D腔,排出冷却水管,完成了强制冷却上下轴承的任务。内管[11]一端与外界大气相通,另一端贯通竖轴[6]和空腔转子[4]之间所形成的轴承室。它的作用是:当采用稀油润滑时,可在泵安装就绪起动之前注入润滑油,也可用来检查油位和不拆泵更换新油;为了进一步防止气封失效,必要时可在通大气的一端装上角阀或电磁阀,并与储气瓶相通,使可控制阀门实现定时补气;在通大气的一端装上压力表,可用于测定或调整定子腔内气封点的压力。
利用本发明可制造系列新产品,凡是具备制造屏蔽电机的工厂和具有制造离心水泵能力的工厂,均能顺利实现对本发明的实施,它不必再增加特殊设备。
油剂润滑球轴承的屏蔽泵与非油润滑滑动轴承屏蔽泵相比具有以下优点:
1.将屏蔽泵绝对不漏和离心泵轴承寿命长的优点融为一体。实现了用滚动轴承代替滑动轴承,以油脂润滑代替非油脂润滑,提高了泵的使用寿命。
2.球轴承能强制冷却,以确保良好的润滑效果。
3.球轴承具有间隙小、对中性好以及轴承磨损小的优点,保证了转子不致于因轴承磨损而偏离旋转轴线,导致与定子相碰而损坏电机。
4.允许泵送含有微小悬浮颗粒的介质。
5.电机腔内的压力可低到几乎近于大气压,从而减小泵的轴向推力。
6.取消了公知屏蔽泵须安装过滤器、排气阀或轴承磨损监视器等附件。
本发明研制的屏蔽泵,可泵送放射性、腐蚀性、毒性、易燃易爆及有污染环境的液体,广泛用于核工业、航天、化工、石化、制革、制药和环境保护等部门。

Claims (3)

1、一种屏蔽泵,包括泵体[1]、叶轮[15]、定子[2]和转子[4],其中定子[2]和转子[4]用无磁耐腐蚀金属屏蔽套与被泵送的介质相隔离,本发明的特征是:定子[2]的上端设有杯形件[7],它通过三管同心竖轴[6]例置在空腔转子[4]的顶部,所说的空腔转子[4]是一个上端开口下端封闭的腔体,至少有两副球轴承[3]安装在其内,所说的三管同心竖轴[6]是由三根同心套装的管子和堵头组成,其中的内管[11]一端与外界大气相通,另一端贯通三管同心竖轴[6]与空腔转子[4]之间所形成的轴承室,中管[12]和外管[13]分别与两根进出水管相接,在泵的密封后口环与电机定子腔之间至少有一个节流孔[10],杯形件[7]的外侧和泵吸入口之间设有回流管[5]。
2、根据权利要求1所述的屏蔽泵,其特征在于空腔转子[4]上端轴承座的内侧与三管同心竖轴[6]之间设有螺旋密封[8]。
3、根据权利要求1所述的屏蔽泵,其特征在于空腔转子[4]上端轴承座的外侧与杯形件[7]内侧之间设置螺旋密封[8]。
CN87102185.4A 1987-03-23 1987-03-23 屏蔽泵 Expired CN1005348B (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN87102185.4A CN1005348B (zh) 1987-03-23 1987-03-23 屏蔽泵
US07/170,274 US4990068A (en) 1987-03-23 1988-03-18 Unique grease lubricated ball bearing canned motor pump

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CN87102185.4A CN1005348B (zh) 1987-03-23 1987-03-23 屏蔽泵

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US4990068A (en) 1991-02-05

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