CN100521199C - 散热电子装置及其形成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了用于将一个或多个电子装置热耦合到散热片的方法和设备。该设备包括具有大致为平面的上表面的散热片和具有通孔的线路板(PWB),该通孔用于接收该装置,使得其主面与散热片热接触,其电引线被卡在线路板的至少一部分和散热片之间,且该装置的顶部伸出PWB。该方法包括:将该装置放在通孔中,同时其基座表面暴露在PWB的下侧上且从PWB的下侧伸出;将其电引线连接至线路板上的触点;以及向着散热片按压PWB,同时引线被卡在它们之间。理想地,将电绝缘导热层放在线路板和散热片之间。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及电子装置的改进散热,具体涉及具有表面安装封装构造或等同物的较高功耗电子装置的散热。
背景技术
许多现代的电子装置常常装入所谓的表面安装封装中,即,一般位于线路板上或上方并且具有引线的封装,其中所述引线以容易连接(例如焊接)至线路板的表面上的接触区的方式形成,而不是插入穿过线路板的接触孔。例示而非限制,图1A是具有表面安装封装12的高功率发光二极管(LED)10的顶视图,图1B是侧视图。封装12中的LED10具有从LED封装12的侧18-19横向凸出的电线或触点14-17。封装12的引线14-15向下和向外形成,使得引线14、15的底部20、21大致平行于封装12的基座22。LED10方便地通过与封装基座22相对的透镜24发射光,但是这不是必需的。本领域的技术人员将理解,尽管在这里将装置10确定为LED,但是这仅为了描述方便,而不是限制。这里描述的问题和本发明适用于具有通常的表面安装引线构造和用于接触散热片的大致平面的下表面的任何类型的电子装置。
对于大多数表面安装封装,由内部电子电路或半导体芯片产生的热主要通过封装12的基座22散出或消散。因此,特别对于高功率耗散装置而言,使封装12的基座22具有良好的热触点是重要的。图2A-B示出用于提供热触点给封装12的基座22的现有技术布置的部分截面图。在图2A中,装置10是举例来说通过将引线14、15焊接到线路板26的上表面25上的电接触区(未示出)表面安装在线路板26上。线路板26常常被称为“印刷电路板”(PCB)或“印刷线路板”(PWB)。为方便起见,在这里使用缩写PWB。PWB通常具有绝缘材料(例如,塑料浸渍玻璃纤维)芯,其中在该绝缘材料芯上已经形成铜箔(或其它高导电金属)“线”,还包括表面25上的接触区,其中装置10的引线14、15将焊接至所述接触区。PWB在本领域中是众所周知的。为了简洁起见,在图2A-B中省略了存在于PWB 26上的导电金属线和接触区。然而,本领域的技术人员将理解,图2A-B中的PWB 26(和图3A-B、4中的PWB 42)在适于在设置电路的位置和上面放置装置的位置处具有这种传引线和触点。
PWB的绝缘芯通常是热的不良导体。为此,即使PWB 26的下表面27与散热片30的上表面32接触,PWB 26也不会对从装置10散热有很大帮助。因此,本领域中普遍的是提供位于封装12的基座22之下充当热通路的金属插入区域28。这些金属插入区或热通路(这里可交换地使用这些术语)减少了封装基座22和散热片30之间的热阻。本领域中普遍的是在基座22和热通路28之间并且也在热通路28和散热片32之间使用导电脂膏或粘合剂。粘合剂提供了最好的导热性,但是阻止或极大地阻碍有缺陷的LED的更换,并且提高了图2A的组件的制造成本。金属插入区28常常通过电镀形成,当然也可使用其它方法。图2A的布置的另一缺点为形成金属插入区28是昂贵的。
图2B是类似于图2A的截面图,但是示出用在现有技术中的不同布置,用于提供装置10的散热。在图2B中,散热片30’设置有支柱33,该支柱在表面32’处与装置10的基座22直接接触。尽管这种布置通常提供了对装置10的良好的热接触,但是仍必须对散热片30’进行机械加工,以在与装置10中的孔29位置匹配的正确位置处具有支柱33。这是非常昂贵的,因为,一般而言,不能使用标准散热片,必须针对每个PWB制造定制散热片。这是显著的缺点,特别在PWB包含大量高功率耗散装置时更是如此。
因此,想要提供一种用于对表面安装电子装置散热的改进且廉价的装置和方法。此外,想要提供这样一种布置和方法,其中装置相对于其引线和装置封装的热消散表面处于保持受压状态。进一步地,想要提供这样一种用于改进的热消散的装置和方法,其中所述装置和方法特别适用于具有热消散电子装置阵列的PWB。并且,根据下面结合附图和前述技术领域和背景给出的详细描述和所附的权利要求书,本发明的其它理想的特性和特征将变得显然。
发明内容
本发明提供一种电组件,包括:线路板,具有穿过它的多个开口,并且具有大体上相对的第一表面和第二表面;多个接触垫,设置在所述线路板上;多个LED,每个都可约束地连接在所述多个开口的一个中,并且具有伸出所述第一表面的第三表面和具有暴露出所述第二表面的第四表面;至少一根电引线,从所述多个LED的每个延伸到所述多个接触垫的至少一个;以及散热片,热耦合至所述多个LED的每个的所述第三表面和所述至少一根电引线。
本发明提供一种电组件,该设备包括:电子装置,具有顶部、底部、和电引线;散热片;以及带有通孔的线路板,所述通孔用于接收所述装置,使其底部与散热片热接触,并且其顶部伸出PWB,其引线被放置并连接在线路板的至少一部分和散热片之间。
本发明还提供一种用于形成电组件的方法,包括:提供散热片;提供具有顶部、底部、和电引线的电子装置;提供线路板,所述线路板具有电接触区和在线路板的上表面和下表面之间延伸的孔;在线路板上安装所述装置,使其顶部在顶面上从所述孔暴露,其底部从所述孔伸出底面,其电引线连接至所述线路板的所述电接触区;以及靠近所述散热片放置所述线路板的下表面,使得所述装置的底部与所述散热片热接触,且所述装置的电引线位于并连接在所述线路板的一部分和所述散热片之间。理想地,将电绝缘热层放在线路板和散热片之间。
附图说明
下面将结合附图描述本发明,其中相同标号表示相同元件,并且
图1A是目前用于线路板或类似物上的表面安装的高功率耗散电子装置的顶视图,图1B是侧视图。
图2A-B是部分截面图,示出根据现有技术安装在线路板和相关散热片上的图1A-B的装置;
图3A-B是根据本发明安装在线路板和相关散热片上的图1A-B的装置的部分截面图,其中图3A示出部分装配图,图3B示出完全装配图;
图4是根据本发明安装在PWB和散热片上的电子元件阵列的顶视图;以及
图5A-B是根据本发明的另外一些实施例的类似于图3B的部分截面图。
具体实施方式
图3A-B是根据本发明用于在线路板42和相关散热片46上安装装置10的布置40的部分截面图,其中图3A示出部分装配图(在箭头39的方向上分解),图3B示出完全装配图。布置40具有图1A-B的装置10,所述装置10带有引线14-15、透镜24、封装本体12、和下部热消散表面22。引线14-15连接(例如,通过焊接)至PWB42的下表面或下侧43上的适当接触区(未示出)。PWB 42具有用于接收装置10的本体12的通孔44。透镜24背离PWB 42的上表面41和散热片46。引线14-15理想地形成为使得当装置本体12安装在通孔44中时引线14-15连接至设置在PWB 42的下表面43上的电触点(未示出),且封装本体12的基座22稍微伸出PWB 42的下表面43。
导热层48优选但非必需地设置在PWB 42和封装12的下表面22与散热片46的上表面45之间。这是为了避免可能增加封装12的下表面22和散热片46的上表面45之间的界面间热阻的气泡或异常物。与其也应为电绝缘的任何要求一致,导热层48应为有弹性的(例如,导热橡胶),并且尽可能薄。如果省略层48,则需要用电绝缘层覆盖PWB
42的下表面43上暴露的引线,或可选地,散热片46的上表面45上应具有绝缘层。对于铝散热片,氧化铝层或包含氧化物的颜料是有用的导热电绝缘层的实例。散热片46方便地由挤制铝材制成,但是也可使用其它导热材料。由于上表面45不需要具有任何特殊机械加工或其它特性,所以可使用低成本标准散热片。这是一个重要的优点。由Berquist Company,Chanhassen,MN制造的Gap Pad A3000是用于热层48的适当材料的实例。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,由这种材料制成的厚度为0.020英寸(0.5mm)的层48是适合的,但是也可根据电子装置和散热片的选择使用更薄或更厚的层。方便地利用螺钉(例如,参看图4)、铆钉、卡或等同物将PWB 42、层48、和散热片46组装在一起,从而将引线14-15和装置本体表面12的下表面22牢固地压在层48和下面的散热片46上。注意,对于本发明的布置,引线14-15夹在PWB 42与层48和下面的散热片46之间。这是一个重要的优点,因为:(1)它提供了粗糙得多的结构;以及(2)它提高了装置20与散热片46的热耦合。本领域的技术人员将理解,引线14-15是重要的导热路径,其中热可通过这些引线从装置10移走,且与现有技术图2A-B的布置相比,本发明的布置提供了引线14-15到散热片46的更好的热耦合。
图4是根据本发明安装在PWB 42上的电子元件10的阵列50的顶视图。如图3A-B中的截面中所示的构造阵列50。螺钉54穿过PWB 42和层48到散热片46中。在上紧时,螺钉54将PWB 42牢固地连接至散热片46,将引线14-15卡在PWB 42和散热片46之间,并且把下部封装表面22压到与散热片表面45(参看图3A-B)接触的热层48上。在阵列50中,为了便于说明,假定所有装置10相同,当然这不是必需的。阵列50示出本发明的优点,即,当高功率高耗散装置的密集阵列必须被物理上靠近地排列时,仍能有效地从这里移走热量。特别容易使用标准元件装配如图3A-B(或图5A-B)中所示的图4中所示的阵列。与在任何情况下总是为定制部分的PWB不同,装置10、层48、和散热片46都是现成的标准部分。仅需要将用于夹紧螺钉54(或铆钉或等同物)的孔添加到散热片46,当然这不是必需的。例如,使用外部卡子就不需要在散热片46中另外形成孔。能使用稍作修改或甚至不作修改的标准散热片大大减少了生产阵列50的成本,同时与现有技术相比提供了相同的或更好的热消散。
本发明的另一优点是,容易更换装置10。在一些现有技术布置中,为了获得至散热片的充分导热,普遍使用导热胶将装置10连接至PWB和/或将PWB连接至散热片。导热胶使得拆卸不容易,甚至不可能。利用此布置,不需要所述导热胶,从而能易于拆卸阵列,以拆焊或更换装置10的任一或全部。这是一个重要的优点。
图5A-B是根据本发明的另外一些实施例的类似于图3B的部分截面图。相同标号用于相同元件。在图5A中,组件60具有与图3B的组件40相同的结构,但是有覆盖件62添加到PWB 42上。覆盖件62中具有孔64,装置10的上部(例如透镜24)穿过孔64或露出。孔64比孔44小,并且其尺寸使得透镜24(或装置10的其它部分)在箭头23的方向暴露,但是对于所有封装本体12来说还是太小,所以不能穿过。覆盖件62具有肩部区域66,所述肩部区域接触装置10的封装12,使得当覆盖件62夹在散热片46或热层48上(例如使用图4的螺钉54或等同物),它向下压在封装本体12上,从而迫使基座22与散热片46或热层48紧密接触。不需要将引线14-15用于施加此压力给装置10。覆盖件62可由任何适合的材料制成,并且仅需要在将放置装置10的位置具有孔64和相对于散热片46被夹住的一些装置(例如,使用等同于螺钉54的螺钉或一些其它装置)。所示出的覆盖件62是与PWB42分离的层,但是这仅为说明而用,并非限制。PWB 42和覆盖件62可被组合。图5B类似于图5A,区别之处在于装置10的组件60’的引线14、15被修改以连接至PWB 42’的上表面41’上或等同地覆盖件62的下表面63上的接触垫(未示出)。任一布置都是有用的。可选地包括垫片68,以更均匀地分散在箭头70的方向上施加给覆盖件62的夹力。注意,在图5A-B中,封装本体12相对于散热片46受压,且引线14-15不需要受压,但仍压在它们连接至的接触区上,即卡在PWB42或覆盖件62和散热片46之间。这是理想的,因为它提供了具有改进的热性能的更粗糙的整体结构。在以下权利要求书中,“线路板”是指包括任一PWB 42、42’或PWB 42、42’和覆盖件62的组合及其等同结构。
上面的详细描述在本质上仅为示范性的,而不是用于限制本发明或应用和本发明的使用。具体而言,尽管已经将装置10例示为表面安装型LED,但这仅为了说明方便,而非限制。装置10可以是任何类型的电子元件,所述电子元件消散大量热能,并且必须紧密连接至具有适于表面安装的引线的散热片。另外,尽管上面的描述示出本发明用于上表面(例如,透镜)必须背离PWB的表面安装装置,但这不是限制。本领域的技术人员根据这里的描述将理解,对于不需要暴露特定封装表面的其它类型的装置,可利用本发明的教导(背离散热片)朝上或(向着散热片)朝下安装该装置。然而,理想的是,对主动发热芯片具有最低内阻的封装表面是面向散热片的表面。并且,并不应限制于在前面的技术领域、背景、发明内容、或后面详细描述中出现的任何表述的或隐含的理论。
总之,本发明具有以下优点:(A)装置10容易更换;(B)压力被施加给引线14-15的尖端,从而减少了引线14-15和PWB上的相应接触区之间的结合处(例如焊料)上的应力;(C)引线14-15与散热片46的热接触较好,从而提高了整体热消散(例如,在装置10和散热片46之间提供较低的热阻);(D)简化散热片设计和制造,从而降低其成本;以及(E)减少装置10和散热片46之间的热界面的数量,从而提高热耦合和减少装置10和散热片46之间的热阻。这些是由本发明总体实现的重要优点,从而它以低成本提供了相同或更好的热消散。
尽管在前面的详述中已经给出至少一个典型实施例,但是应理解,存在大量改变。也应理解,典型实施例仅为实例,并不是用于以任何方式限制本发明的范围、应用性、或构造。相反,前面的详细描述将为本领域的技术人员提供用于执行典型实施例的方便的路线图。也应理解,可对元件的功能和布置作出各种改变,而不偏离如所附权利要求书及其法律上的等同物所述的本发明的范围。
Claims (17)
1.一种电组件,包括:
线路板,具有穿过它的多个开口,并且具有大体上相对的第一表面和第二表面;
多个接触垫,设置在所述线路板上;
多个LED,每个都可约束地连接在所述多个开口的一个中,并且具有伸出所述第一表面的第三表面和具有暴露出所述第二表面的第四表面;
至少一根电引线,从所述多个LED的每个延伸到所述多个接触垫的至少一个;以及
散热片,热耦合至所述多个LED的每个的所述第三表面和所述至少一根电引线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组件,进一步包括位于所述散热片和所述多个LED的至少一些的所述第三表面之间的导热层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其中接触垫位于所述线路板的所述第一表面上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其中所述至少一根电引线在大致平行于所述第三表面的大方向上从所述LED侧向延伸。
5.根据权利要求3所述的组件,进一步包括位于所述LED的至少一些的所述至少一根电引线和所述散热片之间的导热电绝缘层。
6.一种电组件,包括:
电子装置,具有顶部、底部和电引线;
散热片;以及
带有通孔的线路板,所述通孔用于接收所述装置,使所述装置的底部与所述散热片热接触,并且所述装置的顶部伸出所述线路板;
所述装置的所述电引线被位于并连接在所述线路板的一部分和所述散热片之间;或者
所述电引线连接至所述线路板的上表面上的导电区。
7.根据权利要求6所述的组件,其中所述散热片具有大致为平面的上表面,且所述线路板与之大致平行。
8.根据权利要求6所述的组件,当所述电引线被位于并连接在所述线路板的一部分和所述散热片之间时,进一步包括位于电引线和所述散热片之间的热传导电绝缘弹性层。
9.根据权利要求6所述的组件,其中所述装置是表面安装半导体装置,所述电引线从所述装置的顶部和底部之间侧向凸出。
10.根据权利要求9所述的组件,其中,当所述电引线被位于并连接在所述线路板的一部分和所述散热片之间时,所述电引线连接至面向所述散热片的所述线路板的下表面上的导电区。
11.根据权利要求6所述的组件,其中,当所述电引线被位于并连接在所述线路板的一部分和所述散热片之间时,所述线路板具有:靠近所述散热片的第一部分,在其上设置所述电引线与之连接的接触区;以及至少部分覆盖在所述第一部分上的第二部分,其中所述电引线被卡在所述第一部分或所述第二部分和所述散热片之间。
12.根据权利要求6所述的组件,其中所述线路板中的所述通孔具有穿过所述线路板的第一部分的第一直径和小于所述第一直径的穿过所述线路板的第二重叠部分的第二直径。
13.根据权利要求12所述的组件,其中所述线路板的所述第一部分比所述第二重叠部分更靠近所述散热片。
14.根据权利要求12所述的组件,其中所述装置具有外径小于所述第一直径但大于所述第二直径的本体区域。
15.一种用于形成电组件的方法,包括:
提供散热片;
提供具有顶部、底部、和电引线的电子装置;
提供线路板,所述线路板具有电接触区和在线路板的上表面和下表面之间延伸的孔;
在线路板上安装所述装置,使其顶部在顶面上从所述孔暴露,其底部从所述孔伸出底面,其电引线连接至所述线路板的所述电接触区;以及
靠近所述散热片放置所述线路板的下表面,使得所述装置的底部与所述散热片热接触,且所述装置的电引线位于并连接在所述线路板的一部分和所述散热片之间。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,进一步包括在所述线路板和所述散热片之间放置电绝缘热传导层。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,进一步包括将所述线路板夹到所述散热片。
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- 2004-07-21 WO PCT/US2004/023438 patent/WO2005013366A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-07-21 CN CNB2004800218487A patent/CN100521199C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-21 JP JP2006521906A patent/JP2007500448A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-07-21 KR KR1020067002025A patent/KR20060040727A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-07-27 TW TW093122425A patent/TW200509420A/zh unknown
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CN102798103A (zh) * | 2011-05-24 | 2012-11-28 | 奥斯兰姆有限公司 | 用于led灯的模块式散热器 |
CN102798103B (zh) * | 2011-05-24 | 2016-06-01 | 奥斯兰姆有限公司 | 用于led灯的模块式散热器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2007500448A (ja) | 2007-01-11 |
WO2005013366A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
KR20060040727A (ko) | 2006-05-10 |
CN1830085A (zh) | 2006-09-06 |
US6999318B2 (en) | 2006-02-14 |
US20050024834A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
TW200509420A (en) | 2005-03-01 |
EP1649515A1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
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