CN100487981C - Mobile communication base station plane multiware beam antenna - Google Patents
Mobile communication base station plane multiware beam antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN100487981C CN100487981C CNB021399263A CN02139926A CN100487981C CN 100487981 C CN100487981 C CN 100487981C CN B021399263 A CNB021399263 A CN B021399263A CN 02139926 A CN02139926 A CN 02139926A CN 100487981 C CN100487981 C CN 100487981C
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Abstract
The antenna is composed of at least aerial array, beam-forming network of wide band Bulter, Chebyshev weighting network, metal base plate, circuit of power synthesis and decomposition. The aerial array is positioned on the metal base plate. Output of aerial array is connected to the said beam-forming network and the weighting network. The circuit of power synthesis and decomposition is connected to the aerial array and positioned on back surface of metal base plate. The aerial array possesses particular radiation structure and special current feeding system. In the invention, air microstrip antenna is as basic radiation source, and technique of planar array antenna, weighted amplitude and beam-forming network of wide band Bulter are adopted. Thus, the multi-beam antenna possesses features of small size, low profile, wideband and high efficiency. The invention simplifies size and structure so as to bring resultful realization for implementing aerial array and expanding performances.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of miniaturization, broadband, middle high-gain planar multi-beam antenna, be particularly related to the antenna element on a kind of base station intelligent antenna product and the structure of array, relate in particular to GSM (GlobalSystem for Mobile communications, gsm) under the mobile communication environment, the base station multi-beam antenna that Low Sidelobe and main beam are isolated.
Background technology:
In mobile communication system (for example among GSM, CDMA (code division multiple access) or the PHS (personnel hand system), antenna for base station adopts intelligent antenna technology, realize airspace filter (being SDMA), can overcome multipath effect effectively, reduce intersymbol interference, suppress co-channel interference, improve carrier/interface ratio, thereby improve power system capacity significantly.Just because of this, intelligent antenna technology (being also referred to as the adaptive array antenna technology) had become key technology and hot technology in the mobile communication technology in recent years.
In the prior art, adopt half-wave dipole or double-deck little band radiating element usually.But the half-wave dipole radiating element exists following shortcoming: at first, half-wave dipole low profile degree is poor, and particularly thickness is bigger to cause the aerial array body; The second, the half-wave dipole radiating element is a balanced structure, and feed unit is the coaxial type non-equilibrium structure, has one during serial connection from equilibrating to unbalanced conversion, and this must make array very complicated, and the cost height, poor reliability.And for the little band radiating element of bilayer, though frequency band broadening to some extent, complex structure, cost height, reliability descends to some extent, makes the radiating element of double frequency be difficult to form.
Summary of the invention:
Main purpose of the present invention is to provide plane, a kind of mobile communication base station multi-beam antenna, solve in the mobile communication intelligent antenna, the problem of implementation of base station multi-beam antenna, provide on the engineering and easily realize and the higher antenna system of the ratio of performance to price, overcome existing antenna of mobile communication base station and adopt a fixing broad beam, the shortcoming that does not have space angle diversity ability and interference rejection capability difference improves the power system capacity of mobile communication effectively.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Plane, a kind of mobile communication base station multi-beam antenna comprises aerial array (A), broadband Butler (Butler) beam-forming network (B1) and Chebyshev (Chebyshev) weighted network (B2), metal substrate (C), the synthetic decomposition circuit (D) that reaches of power at least;
Wherein, aerial array is positioned at above the metal substrate, the output of aerial array by 4 groups of tie point D1 (D1-1, D1-2, D1-3), D2 (D2-1, D2-2, D2-3), D3 (D3-1, D3-2, D3-3), D4 (D4-1, D4-2, D4-3) be positioned at metal substrate on the array power input synthetic and decomposition circuit (D) of the another side opposite with aerial array join the output interface (D11 of the synthetic and decomposition circuit (D) of power, D22, D33, D44) be connected to 4 ports (B2-10, B2-20 of Chebyshev weighted network (B2), B2-30, B2-40), pass through output port (B2-50, the B2-60 of Chebyshev weighted network (B2) again, B2-70, B2-80) be connected to input port (B1-8, B1-9, the B1-10 of broadband Butler beam-forming network (B1), B1-11), see accompanying drawing 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7.
This multi-beam antenna also is provided with radome (E), and this radome is installed on the metal substrate, is used to cover and protect aerial array, sees accompanying drawing 7.
Described aerial array (by A11, A21 ... A61; A12, A22 ... A62; ...; A11, A16 ... A66 ...), by 24 feeder lines (A7) constitute sub-line array more than (the 1st sub-linear array A11, A21 ... A61; ..., the 6th sub-linear array A16, A26 ... A66), this sub-line array is arranged parallel to each other, and sees accompanying drawing 3, Fig. 4.
Described sub-line array is made up of more than one antenna element (A11), and antenna element joins in twos and forms one group, forms 4 groups of tie point D1 (D1-1 altogether, D1-2, D1-3), D2 (D2-1, D2-2, D2-3), D3 (D3-1, D3-2, D3-3), (D4-1, D4-2 D4-3) are connected with D D4, the antenna element of same row or column interconnects, and is used for directional collecting space electromagnetic energy or launches electromagnetic energy to spatial orientation.
Described antenna element is provided with radiating element (A11-1), 3D impedance transformer (A11-2) and feed line (A11-3) at least; Wherein, this radiating element is connected with feed line by the 3D impedance transformer.
The radiating surface of described radiating element is the double trapezoid shape.
In same antenna array, the antenna element quantity that constitutes each sub-line array equates.
Each sub-line array is connected respectively in broadband Butler beam-forming network and the aerial array, is used for the energy that each sub-line array is collected be concerned with synthesizing; This Chebyshev weighted network is connected with broadband Butler beam-forming network by the radio frequency interface identical with sub-line array quantity, is used for and the input of broadband Butler beam-forming network/go out to be weighted processing.
The synthetic decomposition circuit that reaches of described power is provided with more than one constant amplitude homophase power splitter, its by 4 transmission lines (2 * B2-1,2 * B2-2) respectively with its corresponding sub-line array on different antenna element be connected in 4 ports (B2-10, B2-20, B2-30, B2-40) of Chebyshev weighted network (B2), see accompanying drawing 5, be used for that gross energy is assigned to each sub-line array and then to each antenna element, or the energy of each antenna element of each sub-line array is compiled.
Aerial array of the present invention has unique irradiation structure and unique feeding classification; This air microstrip aerial is as basic emitter, adopted planar array antenna (Planar Array) technology, Dolph-Chebyshev amplitude weighting (Amplitude Weight) technology and Butler multi-beam to form (Multi-Beam Forming) technology, thereby make multi-beam antenna have small-sized, low profile, broadband, the higher characteristics of efficient, simplified volume, the structure of basic radiating element, this realization and performance expansion to array is very effective.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the vertical view of the trapezoidal radiating antenna of the present invention unit.
Fig. 2 is the end view of the trapezoidal radiating antenna of the present invention unit.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of antenna element planar array of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is Butler matrix of the present invention and Qie Shi amplitude weighting network diagram.
Fig. 5 is an amplitude weighting network diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 synthesizes/the decomposition circuit schematic diagram for substrate back semi-rigid cable power of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an antenna structure side schematic view of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a multi-beam antenna port one voltage standing wave ratio curve chart of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is multi-beam antenna port 2 voltage standing wave ratio curve charts of the present invention.
Figure 10 is multi-beam antenna port 3 voltage standing wave ratio curve charts of the present invention.
Figure 11 is multi-beam antenna port 4 voltage standing wave ratio curve charts of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the present invention's 1 wave beam horizontal plane directional diagram (f=890MHz).
Figure 13 is the present invention's 1 wave beam horizontal plane directional diagram (f=925MHz).
Figure 14 is the present invention's 1 wave beam horizontal plane directional diagram (f=960MHz).
Figure 15 is the present invention's 2 wave beam horizontal plane directional diagrams (f=890MHz).
Figure 16 is the present invention's 2 wave beam horizontal plane directional diagrams (f=925MHz).
Figure 17 is the present invention's 2 wave beam horizontal plane directional diagrams (f=960MHz).
Figure 18 is an elevation radiation patytern of the present invention (f=925MHz).
Figure 19 is an elevation radiation patytern of the present invention (f=960MHz).
Embodiment:
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment:
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the major function of this multi-beam antenna is in 120 ° azimuth, produce 4 narrow beams equably, horizontal beam width is about 30 °, the beam position position is respectively ± 15 °, ± 45 °, vertical beam width is about 12 °, the decline at zero point 〉=-30dB, antenna gain 〉=17dBi.
The multi-beam antenna of present embodiment mainly is made up of following 4 modules:
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 Fig. 3, broadband plane antenna array A, form by 4 sub-line array A1, A2, A3, A4 and feed lines, each sub-line array is made up of 6 antenna element A11, like this aerial array A by 6 row 4 row totally 24 antenna elements form, its action principle is with this 6 * 4 spatial group battle array structures, the collection space electromagnetic energy or to the emission electromagnetic energy.
Antenna element A11 is made up of double trapezoid radiation element A11-1,3D impedance transformer A11-2 and feed line A11-3; Wherein, this radiating element A11-1 is connected with feed line A11-3 by 3D impedance transformer A11-2.
Referring to Fig. 4, broadband Butler beam-forming network and Chebyshev weighted network B, wherein, Butler beam-forming network and weighted network B are made up of beam-forming network B1 and weighted network B2.The action principle of beam-forming network B1 is the energy that subarray A1, A2, A3, A4 collect to be concerned with synthesize, and is connected in series by 4 radio frequency interfaces of 4 radio frequency interfaces and weighted network B2, realizes being weighted processing to importing/go out each road.
Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 7, aerial array is located at above the metal substrate C.Referring to Fig. 6, power is synthetic/and decomposition circuit D is located at the back side of metal substrate C, and it comprises: main power feed point D1 (being one group of tie point), semi-rigid cable transmission line D6 and 1 minute 3 constant amplitude homophase power splitter (D5).It is assigned to each sub-line array A with gross energy, and then goes to each antenna element, and is perhaps opposite, and the energy of each antenna element is compiled.
Referring to Fig. 7, radome E is installed on the metal substrate C, is used to cover and protects aerial array A.The effect of metal substrate C has three: one, as the ground level of aerial array A; The 2nd, as the mechanical support of entire antenna array A; The 3rd, with the power at the aerial array A and the metal substrate C back side synthetic/decomposition circuit D carries out electrical isolation, radome adopts the PVC material, A shields to aerial array.
Aerial array A has four parallel bidirectional radio frequency interfaces, adopts four DIN type 7/16-F joints.These parts form 4 parallel bidirectional radio frequency interfaces and Butler beam-forming network B1 is connected in series.
Present embodiment adopts top-down method for designing as follows:
The first step: system requirements design, at first with the overall objective of multi-beam antenna: as bandwidth, electrical quantity such as the overall gain of numbers of beams, beamwidth, beam position, array, standing-wave ratio and be decomposed into each component index such as mechanical indexs such as intensity, weight, wind lotuses.
This step can comprise the following steps: again
1, determines the array antenna scheme, comprise radiating element type selecting, array topology, size;
2, determine array element number, spacing, and consider the physical realizability of array from factors such as standing-wave ratio bandwidth and overall gain.
3, determine that wave beam forms and the beam optimization scheme.
Second step: design of Simulation, above-mentioned tentative programme is changed into simulation model, carry out electromagnetic field, high-frequency circuit emulation.Because the complex nature of the problem, present embodiment adopt multiple model to carry out case study and comprehensive.
This step can comprise the following steps: again
1, adopts the cavity model that radiating element is carried out modeling analysis, particularly adopted innovative 3D impedance conversion feed model, realize the broadband of monolithic radiation source, and make not loss of gain.
2, adopt transmission line model, moment method model that wave beam is formed networking, weighting networking and wave beam is formed in the networking air bridges and carried out modeling analysis and optimization.
The 3rd step: checking is realized, tests, debugged to hardware.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, radiating element A11 of the present invention has adopted unique 3D impedance transformer that this trapezoidal microstrip antenna is carried out the edge feed again; Adopted unique double trapezoid microstrip antenna as fundamental radiation unit simultaneously; By the combination of these two, under the condition that has realized desired properties, simplified volume, the structure of basic radiating element A11-1, this is to effective realization and the performance expansion of aerial array A, and is significant.
Take main its reason of above-mentioned technological means to be: 1. for the frequency band of broadening radiating element A11-1.Adopt unique 3D impedance transformer A11-2, the high impedance of having realized the radiation edge has effectively been realized the coupling of broadband impedance especially effectively to the low-impedance gradual transition of feed line A11-3 especially; On the other hand, compare with the squaerial unit, but double trapezoid microband antenna unit A11 resonance of the present invention is on a plurality of Frequency points, because double trapezoid has the waist on both sides, be the hypotenuse shape, wherein two different last bottoms of length have constituted resonance at two different Frequency points, and the transition region resonance between the last bottom is on a series of Frequency point, so the resonance frequency of trapezoidal element is actually one section frequency spectrum between two base resonance frequencys.When this aerial array A works in this section frequency domain certain when a bit, all can produce effective radiation, thereby increase the bandwidth of operation of this aerial array A; 2. in order to improve antenna gain and broadening unit frequency band, present embodiment adopts air dielectric.
This aerial array A, pitch orientation is 6 radiating element A11, about 0.84 λ of unit interval adopts series feed mode, to reach about 12 ° of vertical direction half power lobe width.Horizontal direction row 4 row, about 0.5 λ of spacing adopts and the feedback mode, by Butler matrix feed, has realized the spatial domain DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) of multi channel signals, reaches 30 ° of required beam position direction half power lobe width.4 * 6 arrays and BFN (Beam Forming Network) can make antenna reach zero point decline 〉=-30dB, antenna gain 〉=17dBi.This array structure such as Fig. 3 show that the design overall size is: GSM900 (Global System for Mobile communications 900, gsm 900) is of a size of: 1600mm * 800mm * 40mm;
Multiple beam forming network comprises Butler matrix and Qie Shi amplitude weighting network, for ± 45 °, ± 15 ° of four directions are to forming four wave beams, and form required gain at the H face simultaneously, adopted the Butler matrix of Unit 4 * 4, the Butler matrix adopts 3dB electric bridge as shown in Figure 6 to realize, and four 3dB electric bridges are integrated on the little band plate together with phase shifter with microstrip circuit.The purpose of Qie Shi weighted network is the amplitude distribution that will form 1:1.71:1.74:1 in the antenna input port, to reduce the minor level of array antenna directional diagram.
The present invention all adopts planar structure, is divided into four layers, and ground floor is the UPVC radome, and thickness is about 2mm; The second layer is made of the air gap between radome, radiation element and the feeding network, and thickness is about 20
-30mm; The 3rd layer is adopted the thick FR4 plate design feeding network of 1.5mm; The 4th layer is the thick aluminium base of 3mm.
Specifically referring to Fig. 8-Figure 19, it is the actual test result of present embodiment, and every index has all reached designing requirement.
On engineering, the major defect of ordinary rectangular microstrip antenna is that frequency band is narrow, and its standing-wave ratio bandwidth (less than 1.5) is generally less than 4%, and the required bandwidth of GSM antenna of mobile communication base station is obvious greater than 7%, and it is not all right directly adopting the ordinary rectangular microstrip antenna.Usually adopt double-deck radiation element, come widening frequency band.The actual measurement of overall objectives such as its standing-wave ratio of antenna of the present invention is as follows:
(1) frequency range: 890-960MHz
(2) voltage standing wave ratio: ≦ 1.4
(3) gain (dB): 1 Bo Shu ≧ 17. 2 Bo Shu ≧ 18. 3 Bo Shu ≧ 18 4 wave beams 17.
(4) minor level (dB): 1 Bo Shu ≦-11.7 2 Bo Shu ≦-14.2 3 Bo Shu ≦-12.3 4 Bo Shu ≦-10.5
(5) polarization mode: perpendicular polarization
(6) dB beamwidth: vertical direction: 10.8 ° of horizontal directions: 30. ± 3 °
(7) beam position: ° 2/3 wave beam ± (15 ± 2), 1/4 wave beam ± (45 ± 3) °
(8) front and back are than: ≧ 27.dB
(9) radome material: fiberglass;
(10) antenna size: 1880 * 880 * 55m
3
It should be noted that at last: above embodiment only in order to the explanation the present invention and and unrestricted technical scheme described in the invention; Therefore, although this specification has been described in detail the present invention with reference to each above-mentioned embodiment,, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that still and can make amendment or replacement to the present invention with being equal to; And all do not break away from the technical scheme and the improvement thereof of the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1, plane, a kind of mobile communication base station multi-beam antenna is characterized in that: which comprises at least the synthetic and decomposition circuit of aerial array, broadband Butler beam-forming network and Chebyshev's weighted network, metal substrate, power with 4 sub-line arraies;
Wherein, aerial array is positioned at above the metal substrate, the output of aerial array by 4 groups of tie points be positioned at metal substrate on the array power input interface synthetic and decomposition circuit (D) of the another side opposite with aerial array join, described power output interface synthetic and decomposition circuit passes through 4 tie point (D11, D22, D33, D44) be connected to 4 port (B2-10 of Chebyshev's weighted network (B2), B2-20, B2-30, B2-40), pass through output port (B2-50, B2-60, the B2-70 of described Chebyshev's weighted network again, B2-80) with the input port (B1-8 of broadband Butler beam-forming network (B1), B1-9, B1-10 B1-11) joins.
2, plane, mobile communication base station according to claim 1 multi-beam antenna, it is characterized in that: it also is provided with radome, and this radome is installed on the metal substrate, is used to cover and protect aerial array.
3, plane, mobile communication base station according to claim 1 multi-beam antenna is characterized in that: each sub-line array is arranged parallel to each other.
4, plane, mobile communication base station according to claim 3 multi-beam antenna, it is characterized in that: described sub-line array is made up of more than one antenna element, synthetic and decomposition circuit (D) interconnects the antenna element of same row or column by power, is used for the collection space electromagnetic energy or to the spatial emission electromagnetic energy.
5, plane, mobile communication base station according to claim 4 multi-beam antenna, it is characterized in that: described antenna element is provided with radiating element, 3D impedance transformer and feed line at least; Wherein, this radiating element is connected with feed line by the 3D impedance transformer.
6, plane, mobile communication base station according to claim 5 multi-beam antenna is characterized in that: the radiating surface of described radiating element is the double trapezoid shape.
7, plane, mobile communication base station according to claim 4 multi-beam antenna is characterized in that: in same antenna array, the antenna element quantity that constitutes each sub-line array equates.
8, plane, mobile communication base station according to claim 3 multi-beam antenna is characterized in that: each sub-line array is connected respectively in broadband Butler beam-forming network and the aerial array, is used for the energy that each sub-line array is collected be concerned with synthesizing; This Chebyshev's weighted network is connected with broadband Butler beam-forming network by the radio frequency interface identical with sub-line array quantity, be used for being connected with broadband Butler beam-forming network, to import/go out to be weighted processing.
9, plane, mobile communication base station according to claim 4 multi-beam antenna, it is characterized in that: the synthetic decomposition circuit (D) that reaches of described power is provided with more than one constant amplitude homophase power splitter, (2 * B2-1,2 * B2-2) is connected respectively with different antenna element on its corresponding sub-line array by 4 transmission lines for it, be used for that gross energy is assigned to each sub-line array and then to each antenna element, or the energy of each antenna element of each sub-line array is compiled.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021399263A CN100487981C (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2002-12-31 | Mobile communication base station plane multiware beam antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021399263A CN100487981C (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2002-12-31 | Mobile communication base station plane multiware beam antenna |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1514514A CN1514514A (en) | 2004-07-21 |
| CN100487981C true CN100487981C (en) | 2009-05-13 |
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| CNB021399263A Expired - Lifetime CN100487981C (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2002-12-31 | Mobile communication base station plane multiware beam antenna |
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Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100428642C (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2008-10-22 | 宏碁股份有限公司 | Notebook computer with antenna array module |
| CN1988256B (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2010-11-17 | 上海交通大学 | Full distribution type antenna system and its realizing method |
| CN101714690B (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2013-07-10 | 中国计量学院 | Miniaturized multifrequency mobile phone antenna |
| CN102570054B (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2014-11-05 | 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 | Monopolar 6-beam antenna used in mobile communication base station |
| WO2012095056A2 (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-07-19 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna system |
| WO2013143445A1 (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-10-03 | 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 | Dual-polarization five-beam antenna for mobile communication base station |
| CN102831270B (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2014-11-19 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Array antenna second harmonic interference field modeling and calculating method |
| CN103050772A (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2013-04-17 | 张家港保税区国信通信有限公司 | Split-off antenna based on Butler matrix feed |
| CN105896081B (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2018-08-07 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | A kind of automatically controlled restructural butler matrix feed networks of double frequency |
| CN108511910B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2020-10-30 | 烟台大学文经学院 | Narrow beam antenna obtained based on compressed wide beam antenna and design method |
| CN111786110B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2021-10-22 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Antenna device and customer premises equipment |
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2002
- 2002-12-31 CN CNB021399263A patent/CN100487981C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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